1
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Spoelstra GB, Blok SN, Reali Nazario L, Noord L, Fu Y, Simeth NA, IJpma FFA, van Oosten M, van Dijl JM, Feringa BL, Szymanski W, Elsinga PH. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel 18F-vancomycin-based tracers for the detection of bacterial infections using positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06717-7. [PMID: 38644432 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial infections are a major problem in medicine, and the rapid and accurate detection of such infections is essential for optimal patient outcome. Bacterial infections can be diagnosed by nuclear imaging, but most currently available modalities are unable to discriminate infection from sterile inflammation. Bacteria-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have the potential to overcome this hurdle. In the present study, we compared three 18F-labelled PET tracers based on the clinically applied antibiotic vancomycin for targeted imaging of Gram-positive bacteria. METHODS [18F]FB-NHS and [18F]BODIPY-FL-NHS were conjugated to vancomycin. The resulting conjugates, together with our previously developed [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin, were tested for stability, lipophilicity, selective binding to Gram-positive bacteria, antimicrobial activity and biodistribution. For the first time, the pharmacokinetic properties of all three tracers were compared in healthy animals to identify potential binding sites. RESULTS [18F]FB-vancomycin, [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin, and [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin were successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 11.7%, 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively. [18F]FB-vancomycin exhibited poor in vitro and in vivo stability and, accordingly, no bacterial binding. In contrast, [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin and [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin showed strong and specific binding to Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was outcompeted by unlabeled vancomycin only at concentrations exceeding clinically relevant vancomycin blood levels. Biodistribution showed renal clearance of [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin and [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin with low non-specific accumulation in muscles, fat and bones. CONCLUSION Here we present the synthesis and first evaluation of the vancomycin-based PET tracers [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin and [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin for image-guided detection of Gram-positive bacteria. Our study paves the way towards real-time bacteria-targeted diagnosis of soft tissue and implant-associated infections that are oftentimes caused by Gram-positive bacteria, even after prophylactic treatment with vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Spoelstra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - S N Blok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - L Reali Nazario
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - L Noord
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Y Fu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - N A Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraβe 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F F A IJpma
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - M van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - J M van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - B L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - W Szymanski
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Photopharmacology and Imaging, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - P H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands.
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2
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Fu Y, Alachouzos G, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer: A Simple Strategy for an Efficient Visible Light-Induced Photoclick Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202319321. [PMID: 38511339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes and classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photo-crosslinking, and protein labeling. Despite these advances, the dependency of most of the photoclick reactions on UV light poses a severe obstacle for their general implementation, as this light can be absorbed by other molecules in the system resulting in their degradation or unwanted reactivity. However, the development of a simple and efficient system to achieve bathochromically shifted photoclick transformations remains challenging. Here, we introduce triplet-triplet energy transfer as a fast and selective way to enable visible light-induced photoclick reactions. Specifically, we show that 9,10-phenanthrenequinones (PQs) can efficiently react with electron-rich alkenes (ERAs) in the presence of a catalytic amount (as little as 5 mol %) of photosensitizers. The photocycloaddition reaction can be achieved under green (530 nm) or orange (590 nm) light irradiation, representing a bathochromic shift of over 100 nm as compared to the classical PQ-ERAs system. Furthermore, by combining appropriate reactants, we establish an orthogonal, blue and green light-induced photoclick reaction system in which the product distribution can be precisely controlled by the choice of the color of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Lāce I, Bazzi S, Uranga J, Schirmacher A, Diederichsen U, Mata RA, Simeth NA. Modulating Secondary Structure Motifs Through Photo-Labile Peptide Staples. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300270. [PMID: 37216330 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-protein interactions (PPIs) are facilitated by the well-defined three-dimensional structure of bioactive peptides, interesting compounds for the development of new therapeutic agents. Their secondary structure and thus their propensity to engage in PPIs can be influenced by the introduction of peptide staples on the side chains. In particular, light-controlled staples based on azobenzene photoswitches and their structural influence on helical peptides have been studied extensively. In contrast, photolabile staples bearing photocages as a structural key motif, have mainly been used to block supramolecular interactions. Their influence on the secondary structure of the target peptide is under-investigated. Thus, in this study we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques and in silico simulations to systematically study a series of helical peptides with varying length of the photo-labile staple to obtain a detailed insight into the structure-property relationship in such photoresponsive biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Lāce
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Bazzi
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jon Uranga
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Schirmacher
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Fu Y, Alachouzos G, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Establishing PQ-ERA photoclick reactions with unprecedented efficiency by engineering of the nature of the phenanthraquinone triplet state. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7465-7474. [PMID: 37449069 PMCID: PMC10337724 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01760e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-induced photocycloaddition of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) with electron-rich alkenes (ERA), known as the PQ-ERA reaction, is a highly attractive photoclick reaction characterized by high selectivity, external non-invasive control with light and biocompatibility. The conventionally used PQ compounds show limited reactivity, which hinders the overall efficiency of the PQ-ERA reaction. To address this issue, we present in this study a simple strategy to boost the reactivity of the PQ triplet state to further enhance the efficiency of the PQ-ERA reaction, enabled by thiophene substitution at the 3-position of the PQ scaffold. Our investigations show that this substitution pattern significantly increases the population of the reactive triplet state (3ππ*) during excitation of 3-thiophene PQs. This results in a superb photoreaction quantum yield (ΦP, up to 98%), high second order rate constants (k2, up to 1974 M-1 s-1), and notable oxygen tolerance for the PQ-ERA reaction system. These results have been supported by both experimental transient absorption data and theoretical calculations, providing further evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy, and offering fine prospects for fast and efficient photoclick transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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5
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Fu Y, Simeth NA, Toyoda R, Brilmayer R, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Molecular Engineering To Enhance Reactivity and Selectivity in an Ultrafast Photoclick Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218203. [PMID: 36800101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced 9,10-phenanthrenequinone-electron-rich alkene (PQ-ERA) photocycloadditions are an attractive new type of photoclick reaction, featuring fast conversions and high biocompatibility. However, the tunability of the reaction was hardly investigated up to now. To this end, we explored the influence of substituents on both reaction partners and the reaction rate between the PQs and ERAs. We identified new handles for functionalization and discovered that using enamines as ERAs leads to drastically enhanced rates (>5400 times faster), high photoreaction quantum yields (ΦP , up to 65 %), and multicolor emission output as well as a high fluorescence quantum yield of the adducts (ΦF , up to 97 %). Further investigation of the photophysical and photochemical properties provided insights to design orthogonal reaction systems both in solution and on nanoparticle surfaces for ultrafast chemoselective functionalization by photoclick reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany) Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen (Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Robert Brilmayer
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Lāce I, Cotroneo ER, Hesselbarth N, Simeth NA. Artificial peptides to induce membrane denaturation and disruption and modulate membrane composition and fusion. J Pept Sci 2022; 29:e3466. [PMID: 36478488 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Membranes consisting of phospholipid bilayers are an essential constituent of eukaryotic cells and their compartments. The alteration of their composition, structure, and morphology plays an important role in modulating physiological processes, such as transport of molecules, cell migration, or signaling, but it can also lead to lethal effects. The three main classes of membrane-active peptides that are responsible for inducing such alterations are cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and fusion peptides (FPs). These peptides are able to interact with lipid bilayers in highly specific and tightly regulated manners. They can either penetrate the membrane, inducing nondestructive, transient alterations, or disrupt, permeabilize, or translocate through it, or induce membrane fusion by generating attractive forces between two bilayers. Because of these properties, membrane-active peptides have attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry, and naturally occurring bioactive structures have been used as a platform for synthetic modification and the development of artificial analogs with optimized therapeutic properties to transport biologically active cargos or serve as novel antimicrobial agents. In this review, we focus on synthetic membrane interacting peptides with bioactivity comparable with their natural counterparts and describe their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Lāce
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Elena R. Cotroneo
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Nils Hesselbarth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC) University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
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7
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Simeth NA, de Mendoza P, Dubach VRA, Stuart MCA, Smith JW, Kudernac T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoswitchable architecture transformation of a DNA-hybrid assembly at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3263-3272. [PMID: 35414864 PMCID: PMC8926171 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06490h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks. Oligonucleotide-based nanotechnology and soft-materials benefit from the high information storage density, self-correction, and memory function of DNA. Here we control these beneficial properties with light in a photoresponsive biohybrid hydrogel, adding an extra level of function to the system. An ssDNA template was combined with a complementary photo-responsive unit to reversibly switch between various functional states of the supramolecular assembly using a combination of light and heat. We studied the structural response of the hydrogel at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale using a combination of UV-vis absorption and CD spectroscopy, as well as fluorescence, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy. The hydrogels grown from these supramolecular self-assembly systems show remarkable shape-memory properties and imprinting shape-behavior while the macroscopic shape of the materials obtained can be further manipulated by irradiation. Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paula de Mendoza
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Victor R A Dubach
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands .,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Julien W Smith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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8
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Kobauri P, Galenkamp NS, Schulte AM, de Vries J, Simeth NA, Maglia G, Thallmair S, Kolarski D, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Hypothesis-Driven, Structure-Based Design in Photopharmacology: The Case of eDHFR Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4798-4817. [PMID: 35258959 PMCID: PMC8958501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photopharmacology
uses light to regulate the biological activity
of drugs. This precise control is obtained through the incorporation
of molecular photoswitches into bioactive molecules. A major challenge
for photopharmacology is the rational design of photoswitchable drugs
that show light-induced activation. Computer-aided drug design is
an attractive approach toward more effective, targeted design. Herein,
we critically evaluated different structure-based approaches for photopharmacology
with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR)
as a case study. Through the iterative examination of our hypotheses,
we progressively tuned the design of azobenzene-based, photoswitchable
eDHFR inhibitors in five design–make–switch–test–analyze
cycles. Targeting a hydrophobic subpocket of the enzyme and a specific
salt bridge only with the thermally metastable cis-isomer emerged as the most promising design strategy. We identified
three inhibitors that could be activated upon irradiation and reached
potencies in the low-nanomolar range. Above all, this systematic study
provided valuable insights for future endeavors toward rational photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piermichele Kobauri
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Galenkamp
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Schulte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jisk de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dušan Kolarski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,DWI-Leibniz Institut für interaktive Materialien e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Simeth NA. A Molecular Pump Facilitates Mechanical Adsorption Away from Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115145. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry University of Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC) University of Goettingen Germany
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10
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Simeth NA. A Molecular Pump Facilitates Mechanical Adsorption Away from Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry University of Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC) University of Goettingen Germany
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11
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Crespi S, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Doria S, Stindt CN, Hilbers MF, Kiss FL, Toyoda R, Wesseling S, Buma WJ, Feringa BL, Szymański W. Phenylimino Indolinone: A Green-Light-Responsive T-Type Photoswitch Exhibiting Negative Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25290-25295. [PMID: 34609785 PMCID: PMC9298291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Imines are photoaddressable motifs useful in the development of new generations of molecular switches, but their operation with low‐energy photons and control over isomer stability remain challenging. Based on a computational design, we developed phenylimino indolinone (PIO), a green‐light‐addressable T‐type photoswitch showing negative photochromism. The isomerization behavior of this photoactuator of the iminothioindoxyl (ITI) class was studied using time‐resolved spectroscopies on time scales from femtoseconds to the steady state and by quantum‐chemical analyses. The understanding of the isomerization properties and substituent effects governing these photoswitches opens new avenues for the development of novel T‐type visible‐light‐addressable photoactuators based on C=N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra Doria
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand L Kiss
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sammo Wesseling
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Crespi S, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Doria S, Stindt CN, Hilbers MF, Kiss FL, Toyoda R, Wesseling S, Buma WJ, Feringa BL, Szymański W. Phenylimino Indolinone: A Green‐Light‐Responsive T‐Type Photoswitch Exhibiting Negative Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Sandra Doria
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F. Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand L. Kiss
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 81377 München Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sammo Wesseling
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Abstract
Molecular photoactuators can control shape and chemical or physical properties of the responsive system they are embedded in. These effects are usually mediated by supramolecular interactions and can be amplified to perform work at the micro- and macroscopic scale, for instance, in materials and biomimetic systems. While many studies focus on the observable outcome of these events, photoresponsive structures can also translate their conformational change to molecular components and perform work against random Brownian motion. Stereochemical cascades can amplify light-generated motion to a distant moiety of the same molecule or molecular assembly, via conformationally restricted stereogenic elements. Being able to control the conformation or motion of molecular systems remotely provides prospects for the design of the smallest machines imaginable. This Focus Review emphasizes the emergence of directed, coupled motion of remote functionalities triggered by light-powered switches and motors as a tool to control molecular topology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Fu Y, Helbert H, Simeth NA, Crespi S, Spoelstra GB, van Dijl JM, van Oosten M, Nazario LR, van der Born D, Luurtsema G, Szymanski W, Elsinga PH, Feringa BL. Ultrafast Photoclick Reaction for Selective 18F-Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Synthesis in Flow. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10041-10047. [PMID: 34181410 PMCID: PMC8283755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The development of
very fast, clean, and selective methods for
indirect labeling in PET tracer synthesis is an ongoing challenge.
Here we present the development of an ultrafast photoclick method
for the synthesis of short-lived 18F-PET tracers based
on the photocycloaddition reaction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinones
with electron-rich alkenes. The respective precursors are synthetically
easily accessible and can be functionalized with various target groups.
Using a flow photo-microreactor, the photoclick reaction can be performed
in 60 s, and clinically relevant tracers for prostate cancer and bacterial
infection imaging were prepared to demonstrate practicality of the
method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Helbert
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbren B Spoelstra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiza Reali Nazario
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dion van der Born
- FutureChemistry, Agro Business Park 10, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Simeth NA, Kobayashi S, Kobauri P, Crespi S, Szymanski W, Nakatani K, Dohno C, Feringa BL. Rational design of a photoswitchable DNA glue enabling high regulatory function and supramolecular chirality transfer. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9207-9220. [PMID: 34276952 PMCID: PMC8261765 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Short, complementary DNA single strands with mismatched base pairs cannot undergo spontaneous formation of duplex DNA (dsDNA). Mismatch binding ligands (MBLs) can compensate this effect, inducing the formation of the double helix and thereby acting as a molecular glue. Here, we present the rational design of photoswitchable MBLs that allow for reversible dsDNA assembly by light. Careful choice of the azobenzene core structure results in excellent band separation of the E and Z isomers of the involved chromophores. This effect allows for efficient use of light as an external control element for duplex DNA formation and for an in-depth study of the DNA-ligand interaction by UV-Vis, SPR, and CD spectroscopy, revealing a tight mutual interaction and complementarity between the photoswitchable ligand and the mismatched DNA. We also show that the configuration of the switch reversibly dictates the conformation of the DNA strands, while the dsDNA serves as a chiral clamp and translates its chiral information onto the ligand inducing a preference in helical chirality of the Z isomer of the MBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shotaro Kobayashi
- Department of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Piermichele Kobauri
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kazuhiko Nakatani
- Department of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Chikara Dohno
- Department of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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17
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Kiss FL, Corbet BP, Simeth NA, Feringa BL, Crespi S. Predicting the substituent effects in the optical and electrochemical properties of N,N'-substituted isoindigos. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:927-938. [PMID: 34227039 PMCID: PMC8550769 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoindigo, the structural isomer of the well-known dye indigo, has seen a major revival recently because of the increasing interest of its use as a potential drug core structure and for the development of organic photovoltaic materials. Highly beneficial for diverse applications are its facile synthesis, straightforward functionalisation and the broad absorption band in the visible range. Moreover, its intrinsic electron deficiency renders isoindigo a promising acceptor structure in bulk heterojunction architectures. Here we present new insights into the substituent effects of N-functionalised isoindigos, developing a reliable and fast in silico screening approach of a library of compounds. Using experimental UV-Vis and electrochemical data increased the accuracy of the TD-DFT method employed. This procedure allowed us to accurately predict the optical and electrochemical properties of N-functionalised isoindigos and the elucidation of the relationship between substituent effects and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand L Kiss
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian P Corbet
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Simeth NA, Kinateder T, Rajendran C, Nazet J, Merkl R, Sterner R, König B, Kneuttinger AC. Towards Photochromic Azobenzene-Based Inhibitors for Tryptophan Synthase. Chemistry 2021; 27:2439-2451. [PMID: 33078454 PMCID: PMC7898615 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light regulation of drug molecules has gained growing interest in biochemical and pharmacological research in recent years. In addition, a serious need for novel molecular targets of antibiotics has emerged presently. Herein, the development of a photocontrollable, azobenzene-based antibiotic precursor towards tryptophan synthase (TS), an essential metabolic multienzyme complex in bacteria, is presented. The compound exhibited moderately strong inhibition of TS in its E configuration and five times lower inhibition strength in its Z configuration. A combination of biochemical, crystallographic, and computational analyses was used to characterize the inhibition mode of this compound. Remarkably, binding of the inhibitor to a hitherto-unconsidered cavity results in an unproductive conformation of TS leading to noncompetitive inhibition of tryptophan production. In conclusion, we created a promising lead compound for combatting bacterial diseases, which targets an essential metabolic enzyme, and whose inhibition strength can be controlled with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kinateder
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Chitra Rajendran
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Julian Nazet
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute for Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Andrea C. Kneuttinger
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
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19
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Lameijer LN, Budzak S, Simeth NA, Hansen MJ, Feringa BL, Jacquemin D, Szymanski W. General Principles for the Design of Visible-Light-Responsive Photoswitches: Tetra-ortho-Chloro-Azobenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21663-21670. [PMID: 33462976 PMCID: PMC7756550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable reversible external control of biological systems, nanomachines, and smart materials. Their development is driven by the need for low energy (green-red-NIR) light switching, to allow non-invasive operation with deep tissue penetration. The lack of clear design principles for the adaptation and optimization of such systems limits further applications. Here we provide a design rulebook for tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzenes, an emerging class of visible-light-responsive photochromes, by elucidating the role that substituents play in defining their key characteristics: absorption spectra, band overlap, photoswitching efficiencies, and half-lives of the unstable cis isomers. This is achieved through joint photochemical and theoretical analyses of a representative library of molecules featuring substituents of varying electronic nature. A set of guidelines is presented that enables tuning of properties to the desired application through informed photochrome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N. Lameijer
- Medical Imaging CenterUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenHanzeplein 19713GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Simon Budzak
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesMatej Bel UniversityTajovkého 4097401Banska BystricaSlovakia
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Medical Imaging CenterUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenHanzeplein 19713GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AFGroningenThe Netherlands
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20
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Lameijer LN, Budzak S, Simeth NA, Hansen MJ, Feringa BL, Jacquemin D, Szymanski W. General Principles for the Design of Visible‐Light‐Responsive Photoswitches: Tetra‐
ortho
‐Chloro‐Azobenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N. Lameijer
- Medical Imaging Center University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713GZ Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AF Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Simon Budzak
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Matej Bel University Tajovkého 40 97401 Banska Bystrica Slovakia
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AF Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AF Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AF Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab UMR 6230 Université de Nantes CNRS 44000 Nantes France
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Medical Imaging Center University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713GZ Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AF Groningen The Netherlands
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21
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Kneuttinger AC, Rajendran C, Simeth NA, Bruckmann A, König B, Sterner R. Significance of the Protein Interface Configuration for Allostery in Imidazole Glycerol Phosphate Synthase. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2729-2742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Chitra Rajendran
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Kneuttinger AC, Straub K, Bittner P, Simeth NA, Bruckmann A, Busch F, Rajendran C, Hupfeld E, Wysocki VH, Horinek D, König B, Merkl R, Sterner R. Light Regulation of Enzyme Allostery through Photo-responsive Unnatural Amino Acids. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1501-1514.e9. [PMID: 31495713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (ImGPS) is an allosteric bienzyme complex in which substrate binding to the synthase subunit HisF stimulates the glutaminase subunit HisH. To control this stimulation with light, we have incorporated the photo-responsive unnatural amino acids phenylalanine-4'-azobenzene (AzoF), o-nitropiperonyl-O-tyrosine (NPY), and methyl-o-nitropiperonyllysine (mNPK) at strategic positions of HisF. The light-mediated isomerization of AzoF at position 55 (fS55AzoFE ↔ fS55AzoFZ) resulted in a reversible 10-fold regulation of HisH activity. The light-mediated decaging of NPY at position 39 (fY39NPY → fY39) and of mNPK at position 99 (fK99mNPK → fK99) led to a 4- to 6-fold increase of HisH activity. Molecular dynamics simulations explained how the unnatural amino acids interfere with the allosteric machinery of ImGPS and revealed additional aspects of HisH stimulation in wild-type ImGPS. Our findings show that unnatural amino acids can be used as a powerful tool for the spatiotemporal control of a central metabolic enzyme complex by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Straub
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bittner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Busch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chitra Rajendran
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Enrico Hupfeld
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vicki H Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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23
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Murawska GM, Poloni C, Simeth NA, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Cover Feature: Comparative Study of Photoswitchable Zinc‐Finger Domain and AT‐Hook Motif for Light‐Controlled Peptide–DNA Binding (Chem. Eur. J. 19/2019). Chemistry 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gosia M. Murawska
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Poloni
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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24
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Murawska GM, Poloni C, Simeth NA, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Comparative Study of Photoswitchable Zinc-Finger Domain and AT-Hook Motif for Light-Controlled Peptide-DNA Binding. Chemistry 2019; 25:4965-4973. [PMID: 30735272 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA-peptide interactions are involved in key life processes, including DNA recognition, replication, transcription, repair, organization, and modification. Development of tools that can influence DNA-peptide binding non-invasively with high spatiotemporal precision could aid in determining its role in cells and tissues. Here, the design, synthesis, and study of photocontrolled tools for sequence-specific small peptide-DNA major and minor groove interactions are reported, shedding light on DNA binding by transcriptionally active peptides. In particular, photoswitchable moieties were implemented in the peptide backbone or turn region. In each case, DNA binding was affected by photochemical isomerization, as determined in fluorescent displacement assays on model DNA strands, which provides promising tools for DNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia M Murawska
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Poloni
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Bellisario
- Department of Physics, Università di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- PhotoGreen Lab, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Crespi S, Simeth NA, Bellisario A, Fagnoni M, König B. Unraveling the Thermal Isomerization Mechanisms of Heteroaryl Azoswitches: Phenylazoindoles as Case Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1814-1823. [PMID: 30741541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The research on heteroaromatic azoswitches has been blossoming in recent years due to their astonishingly broad range of properties. Minimal chemical modifications can drastically change the demeanor of these switches, regarding photophysical and (photo)chemical properties, promoting them as ideal scaffolds for a vast variety of applications based on bistable light-addressable systems. However, most of the characteristics exhibited by heteroaryl azoswitches were found empirically, and only a few works focus on their rationalization. Herein we report on a mechanistic study employing phenylazoindoles as a model reference, combining spectroscopic experiments with comprehensive computational analysis. This approach will elucidate the intrinsic correlations between the molecular structure of the switch and its thermal behavior, allowing a more rational design transferable to various heteroaryl azoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Bellisario
- Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Via Bassi 6 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
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27
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Simeth NA, Altmann LM, Wössner N, Bauer E, Jung M, König B. Photochromic Indolyl Fulgimides as Chromo-pharmacophores Targeting Sirtuins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7919-7927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Altmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wössner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Kneuttinger AC, Winter M, Simeth NA, Heyn K, Merkl R, König B, Sterner R. Artificial Light Regulation of an Allosteric Bienzyme Complex by a Photosensitive Ligand. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1750-1757. [PMID: 29808949 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The artificial regulation of proteins by light is an emerging subdiscipline of synthetic biology. Here, we used this concept to photocontrol both catalysis and allostery within the heterodimeric enzyme complex imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (ImGP-S). ImGP-S consists of the cyclase subunit HisF and the glutaminase subunit HisH, which is allosterically stimulated by substrate binding to HisF. We show that a light-sensitive diarylethene (1,2-dithienylethene, DTE)-based competitive inhibitor in its ring-open state binds with low micromolar affinity to the cyclase subunit and displaces its substrate from the active site. As a consequence, catalysis by HisF and allosteric stimulation of HisH are impaired. Following UV-light irradiation, the DTE ligand adopts its ring-closed state and loses affinity for HisF, restoring activity and allostery. Our approach allows for the switching of ImGP-S activity and allostery during catalysis and appears to be generally applicable for the light regulation of other multienzyme complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Heyn
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Simeth NA, Crespi S, Fagnoni M, König B. Tuning the Thermal Isomerization of Phenylazoindole Photoswitches from Days to Nanoseconds. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2940-2946. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Crespi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Simeth NA, Kneuttinger AC, Sterner R, König B. Photochromic coenzyme Q derivatives: switching redox potentials with light. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6474-6483. [PMID: 28989672 PMCID: PMC5628583 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is an important redox cofactor involved in a variety of cellular processes, and is thus found in several cell compartments. We report a photochromic derivative of coenzyme Q that combines the molecular structures of the redox active cofactor and a photochromic dye. Light irradiation triggers an electronic rearrangement reversibly changing the redox potential. We used this effect to control the intermolecular redox reaction of the photochromic coenzyme Q derivative with dihydropyridine in solution by light irradiation. On mitochondria, the altered redox properties showed an effect on the respiratory chain. The experiments demonstrate that the redox reactions can be initiated inside the system of interest through irradiation with light and the accompanied photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Simeth
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
| | - Andrea C Kneuttinger
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine , Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine , Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - Burkhard König
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
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31
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Simeth NA, Bause M, Dobmeier M, Kling RC, Lachmann D, Hübner H, Einsiedel J, Gmeiner P, König B. NTS2-selective neurotensin mimetics with tetrahydrofuran amino acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:350-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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