1
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Ohyoshi T, Takano A, Kikuchi I, Ogura T, Namiki M, Miyazaki Y, Hirano T, Konishi S, Ebihara Y, Takeno K, Hayakawa I, Kigoshi H. Structure-activity relationship studies on an antitumor marine macrolide using aplyronine a-swinholide A hybrid. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2922-2938. [PMID: 35322840 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An aplyronine A-swinholide A hybrid, consisting of the macrolactone part of aplyronine A and the side chain part of swinholide A, was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. This hybrid induced protein-protein interactions between two major cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin in the same manner as aplyronine A, and exhibited potent cytotoxicity and actin-depolymerizing activity. The importance of the methoxy group in the N,N,O-trimethylserine ester was clarified by the structure-activity relationship studies of the amino acid moiety by using the hybrid analogs. Furthermore, the comparison of the actin-depolymerizing activities between the side chain analogs of aplyronine A and swinholide A showed that the side chain analog of swinholide A had much weaker actin-depolymerizing activity than that of aplyronine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Imari Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Ogura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Mayu Namiki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Yuto Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Shota Konishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Yuta Ebihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Koichi Takeno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Hideo Kigoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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2
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Biocatalytic Silylation: The Condensation of Phenols and Alcohols with Triethylsilanol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicatein-α (Silα), a hydrolytic enzyme derived from siliceous marine sponges, is one of the few enzymes in nature capable of catalysing the metathesis of silicon–oxygen bonds. It is therefore of interest as a possible biocatalyst for the synthesis of organosiloxanes. To further investigate the substrate scope of this enzyme, a series of condensation reactions with a variety of phenols and aliphatic alcohols were carried out. In general, it was observed that Silα demonstrated a preference for phenols, though the conversions were relatively modest in most cases. In the two pairs of chiral alcohols that were investigated, it was found that the enzyme displayed a preference for the silylation of the S-enantiomers. Additionally, the enzyme’s tolerance to a range of solvents was tested. Silα had the highest level of substrate conversion in the nonpolar solvents n-octane and toluene, although the inclusion of up to 20% of 1,4-dioxane was tolerated. These results suggest that Silα is a potential candidate for directed evolution toward future application as a robust and selective biocatalyst for organosiloxane chemistry.
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3
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Menche D. Design and Synthesis of Simplified Polyketide Analogs: New Modalities beyond the Rule of 5. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2068-2074. [PMID: 33755304 PMCID: PMC8360190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide important lead structures for development of pharmaceutical agents or present attractive tools for medicinal chemistry. However, structurally complex and thus less accessible metabolites defying conventional drug-like properties, as expressed by Pfizer's rule of five, have received less attention as medicinal leads. Traditionally, research focus has been on realizing total syntheses rather than developing more readily available analogs to resolve the critical supply issue. However, very recent studies with complex myxobacterial polyketides have demonstrated that considerable structural simplification may be realized with retention of biological potencies. The context, underlying rationale and importance of tailored synthetic strategies of three such case studies are presented, which may inspire further related activities and may eventually help exploiting the largely untapped biological potential of complex metabolites in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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4
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Zhang W. Heck macrocyclization in natural product total synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1109-1135. [PMID: 33662070 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1981-2020 Heck macrocyclization is a logical extension of the award-winning Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Through covalent linking of two otherwise discrete coupling partners, the resultant chimeric substrate is transformed into a large ring with enhanced rigidity and unique functional group disposition. Pioneered in the early 1980s, this methodology has evolved into a competent option for creating diverse macrocycles. Despite its growing influence, hitherto no systematic survey has ever appeared in the literature. The present review delineates the state-of-the-art of Heck macrocyclization in the context of natural product synthesis. Sixteen selected cases, each examined from a different perspective, coalesce into the view that the title reaction is a viable tool for synthesis-enabled macrocycle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Sušnik P, Koert U. Studies Towards the Synthesis of Pristinamycin II
A. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sušnik
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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6
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Chakraborty J, Ghosh A, Nanda S. Asymmetric total syntheses of naturally occurring α,β-enone-containing RALs, L-783290 and L-783277 through intramolecular base-mediated macrolactonization reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2331-2345. [PMID: 32162636 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric total synthesis of two naturally occurring α,β-enone containing RALs, L-783290 and L-783277 is described in this article. An E-selective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination was used as a key reaction to construct the C7'-C8' olefinic unsaturation in L-783290. An enantiopure alkyne addition to the aldehyde followed by Z-selective partial reduction was employed to construct the C7'-C8' olefinic unsaturation in L-783277. Biomimetic lactonization reaction was used to construct the macrolactone core in both the target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Ankan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India. and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Samik Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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7
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Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Zanardi F. New Developments of the Principle of Vinylogy as Applied to π-Extended Enolate-Type Donor Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2448-2612. [PMID: 32040305 PMCID: PMC7993750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The principle of vinylogy states that the electronic effects of a functional group in a molecule are possibly transmitted to a distal position through interposed conjugated multiple bonds. As an emblematic case, the nucleophilic character of a π-extended enolate-type chain system may be relayed from the legitimate α-site to the vinylogous γ, ε, ..., ω remote carbon sites along the chain, provided that suitable HOMO-raising strategies are adopted to transform the unsaturated pronucleophilic precursors into the reactive polyenolate species. On the other hand, when "unnatural" carbonyl ipso-sites are activated as nucleophiles (umpolung), vinylogation extends the nucleophilic character to "unnatural" β, δ, ... remote sites. Merging the principle of vinylogy with activation modalities and concepts such as iminium ion/enamine organocatalysis, NHC-organocatalysis, cooperative organo/metal catalysis, bifunctional organocatalysis, dicyanoalkylidene activation, and organocascade reactions represents an impressive step forward for all vinylogous transformations. This review article celebrates this evolutionary progress, by collecting, comparing, and critically describing the achievements made over the nine year period 2010-2018, in the generation of vinylogous enolate-type donor substrates and their use in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli
Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università
di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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8
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Kumar Manda SL, Tripathi S, Ghoshal A, Ambule MD, Srivastava AK, Panda G. A Comparative Synthetic Strategy Perspective on α-Amino Acid- and Non-Amino Acid-Derived Synthons towards Total Syntheses of Selected Natural Macrolides. Chemistry 2020; 26:5131-5156. [PMID: 31846112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic alkaloids (macrolides) and cyclopeptides have an immense range of applications in drug discovery research because of their natural abundance and potential biological and physicochemical properties. Presently, more than 100 approved drugs or clinical drug candidates contain macrocyclic scaffolds as the biologically active component. This review provides an interesting perspective about the use of amino acid-derived chiral pools versus other methods derived from miscellaneous synthons towards the total synthesis of non-peptidic macrolides. The synthetic routes and the key strategies involved in the total syntheses of ten natural macrolides have been discussed. Both the amino acid-derived and non-amino acid-derived synthetic routes have been illustrated to present a comparative study between the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Lavanya Kumar Manda
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Anirban Ghoshal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mayur D Ambule
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
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9
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Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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10
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Nicolaou KC, Pulukuri KK, Rigol S, Peitsinis Z, Yu R, Kishigami S, Cen N, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Zepeda N, Gavrilyuk J. Short Total Synthesis of Δ 12-Prostaglandin J 2 and Related Prostaglandins. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Macrocyclic Δ 12-Prostaglandin J 2 Analogues. J Org Chem 2018; 84:365-378. [PMID: 30557504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comprised of a large collection of structurally diverse molecules, the prostaglandins exhibit a wide range of biological properties. Among them are Δ12-prostaglandin J2 (Δ12-PGJ2) and Δ12-prostaglandin J3 (Δ12-PGJ3), whose unusual structural motifs and potent cytotoxicities present unique opportunities for chemical and biological investigations. Herein, we report a short olefin-metathesis-based total synthesis of Δ12-PGJ2 and its application to the construction of a series of designed analogues possessing monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric macrocyclic lactones consisting of units of this prostaglandin. Biological evaluation of these analogues led to interesting structure-activity relationships and trends and the discovery of a number of more potent antitumor agents than their parent naturally occurring molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Zisis Peitsinis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Nicholas Cen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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11
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Challenges and discoveries in the total synthesis of complex polyketide natural products. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:215-233. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Helfrich EJN, Piel J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans-AT polyketide synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:231-316. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated bytrans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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13
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Melillo B, Chen MZ, Forestieri R, Smith AB. An Effective Bifunctional Aldehyde Linchpin for Type II Anion Relay Chemistry: Development and Application to the Synthesis of a C16-C29 Fragment of Rhizopodin. Org Lett 2015; 17:6242-5. [PMID: 26641664 PMCID: PMC4720133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The design, synthesis, and validation
of a new bifunctional aldehyde
linchpin for Type II anion relay chemistry have been achieved. For
this linchpin, the initial nucleophilic addition proceeds under Felkin–Anh
control to generate the syn-alkoxide, which undergoes
a 1,4-Brook rearrangement to relay the negative charge, thus leading
to the formation of a dithiane-stabilized carbanion. Subsequent trapping
with an electrophile furnishes a tricomponent adduct with an embedded
propionate subunit, a ubiquitous structural motif found in polyketides.
The utility of this new linchpin is demonstrated with the construction
of a potential C16–C29 fragment for the synthesis of rhizopodin,
an actin-binding macrolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ming Z Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Roberto Forestieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Herkommer D, Dreisigacker S, Sergeev G, Sasse F, Gohlke H, Menche D. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Simplified Side Chain Hybrids of the Potent Actin Binding Polyketides Rhizopodin and Bistramide. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:470-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Mailhol D, Willwacher J, Kausch-Busies N, Rubitski EE, Sobol Z, Schuler M, Lam MH, Musto S, Loganzo F, Maderna A, Fürstner A. Synthesis, Molecular Editing, and Biological Assessment of the Potent Cytotoxin Leiodermatolide. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15719-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508846g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mailhol
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jens Willwacher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth E. Rubitski
- Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhanna Sobol
- Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maik Schuler
- Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - My-Hanh Lam
- Pfizer Oncology, 401 North Middletown
Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Sylvia Musto
- Pfizer Oncology, 401 North Middletown
Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Frank Loganzo
- Pfizer Oncology, 401 North Middletown
Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Andreas Maderna
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Nicolaou KC, Shi L, Lu M, Pattanayak MR, Shah AA, Ioannidou HA, Lamani M. Total synthesis of myceliothermophins C, D, and E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10970-4. [PMID: 25163463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of cytotoxic polyketides myceliothermophins E (1), C (2), and D (3) through a cascade-based cyclization to form the trans-fused decalin system is described. The convergent synthesis delivered all three natural products through late-stage divergence and facilitated unambiguous C21 structural assignments for 2 and 3 through X-ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed an interesting dimeric structure between its enantiomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 (USA).
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17
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Nicolaou KC, Shi L, Lu M, Pattanayak MR, Shah AA, Ioannidou HA, Lamani M. Total Synthesis of Myceliothermophins C, D, and E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Szostak M, Fazakerley NJ, Parmar D, Procter DJ. Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Samarium(II) Iodide. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5959-6039. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400685r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Neal J. Fazakerley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dixit Parmar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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19
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Pulukuri KK, Chakraborty TK. Formal Synthesis of Actin Binding Macrolide Rhizopodin. Org Lett 2014; 16:2284-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5008179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Chakraborty
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Linstadt RTH, Peterson CA, Lippincott DJ, Jette CI, Lipshutz BH. Stereoselective Silylcupration of Conjugated Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Linstadt RTH, Peterson CA, Lippincott DJ, Jette CI, Lipshutz BH. Stereoselective Silylcupration of Conjugated Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Bender T, Loits D, White JM, Rizzacasa MA. Synthesis of the C1–C18 Fragment of Rhizopodin: Late-State Introduction of the Oxazole. Org Lett 2014; 16:1450-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500261n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bender
- School of Chemistry, The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Darran Loits
- School of Chemistry, The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry, The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A. Rizzacasa
- School of Chemistry, The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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23
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Kalesse M, Cordes M, Symkenberg G, Lu HH. The vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction (VMAR) in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:563-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review will provide an overview on the recent developments of polyketide synthesis using the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction for the construction of advanced intermediates. In general, four different motifs can be constructed efficiently using the recent developments of asymmetric variants of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ)
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)
- Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Cordes
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ)
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Symkenberg
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ)
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hai-Hua Lu
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ)
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
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24
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Herkommer D, Schmalzbauer B, Menche D. Sequential catalysis for stereoselective synthesis of complex polyketides. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:456-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70093c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Kretschmer M, Dieckmann M, Li P, Rudolph S, Herkommer D, Troendlin J, Menche D. Modular Total Synthesis of Rhizopodin: A Highly Potent G-Actin Dimerizing Macrolide. Chemistry 2013; 19:15993-6018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Song L, Liu J, Gui H, Hui C, Zhou J, Guo Y, Zhang P, Xu Z, Ye T. Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of Rhizopodin. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2955-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- R. David Crouch
- a Department of Chemistry , Dickinson College , Carlisle , Pennsylvania , USA
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28
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29
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Dalby SM, Goodwin-Tindall J, Paterson I. Total Synthesis of (−)-Rhizopodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6517-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Polyketides are a very diverse family of natural products with an extremely broad range of biological activities and pharmacological properties, including antiproliferative, antibiotic, antifungal, or antiplasmodial activities, and in many cases specific targets are addressed at the molecular level. Their structures are characterized by diverse assemblies of methyl- and hydroxyl-bearing stereogenic centers enabling large numbers of stereochemical permutations, which are often embedded into macrolide rings. This complexity renders the stereochemical assignment and directed total synthesis challenging tasks. Within this review, we will detail practicable approaches for the stereochemical determination of diverse complex polyketides of myxobacterial origin by using computational and NMR methods in combination with novel procedures based on bioinformatics. Furthermore, we have developed efficient preparative strategies for the synthesis of these compounds, which have culminated in several first total syntheses. Key aspects of these various endeavors, which will also focus on the importance of conformational bias in complex polyketide analysis and synthesis, will be discussed within this review in the realm of the potent macrolide antibiotics etnangien and rhizopodin. Along these lines, we will also summarize novel methods for the rapid assembly of key structural elements of polyketides including a novel domino concept relying on a combination of a nucleophilic addition and a Tsuji–Trost reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Essig
- 1Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- 2Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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31
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32
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33
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34
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Dieckmann M, Rudolph S, Dreisigacker S, Menche D. Concise Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of Rhizopodin by a Heck Macrocyclization Strategy. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10782-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302134y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dieckmann
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Dreisigacker
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Institut für Organische
Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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35
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Umezawa T, Seino T, Matsuda F. Novel One-pot Three-component Coupling Reaction with Trimethylsilylmethyl-phosphonate, Acyl Fluoride, and Aldehyde through the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction. Org Lett 2012; 14:4206-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoya Seino
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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36
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Tello-Aburto R, Newar TD, Maio WA. Evolution of a protecting-group-free total synthesis: studies en route to the neuroactive marine macrolide (-)-palmyrolide A. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6271-89. [PMID: 22721171 DOI: 10.1021/jo301121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A full account of our synthetic work toward the first total synthesis of the neuroactive marine macrolide (-)-palmyrolide A is described. Our first-generation approach aimed to unlock the unknown C(5)-C(7) stereochemical relationship via the synthesis of four diastereomers of palmyrolide A aldehyde, a known degradation product. When these efforts provided inconclusive results, recourse to synthesizing all possible stereocombinations of the 15-membered macrolide was undertaken. These studies were critical in confirming the absolute stereochemistry, yielding the first total synthesis of (+)-ent-palmyrolide A. Subsequent to this work, the first protecting-group-free total synthesis of natural (-)-palmyrolide A is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Tello-Aburto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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37
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Pulukuri KK, Chakraborty TK. Stereoselective synthesis of the monomeric unit of actin binding macrolide rhizopodin. Org Lett 2012; 14:2858-61. [PMID: 22594399 DOI: 10.1021/ol301103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, scalable, and stereocontrolled synthesis of the entire carbon framework of an actin binding dimeric macrolide rhizopodin has been accomplished in its protected form. The key features of our synthesis include a titanium catalyzed anti acetal aldol reaction, a substrate controlled diastereoslelective prenyl stannylation, a Mukaiyama aldol reaction, an indium mediated diastereoselective propargylation, and an advanced stage Stille coupling reaction.
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38
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Dieckmann M, Kretschmer M, Li P, Rudolph S, Herkommer D, Menche D. Total Synthesis of Rhizopodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Dieckmann M, Kretschmer M, Li P, Rudolph S, Herkommer D, Menche D. Total Synthesis of Rhizopodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5667-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Tello-Aburto R, Johnson EM, Valdez CK, Maio WA. Asymmetric total synthesis and absolute stereochemistry of the neuroactive marine macrolide palmyrolide A. Org Lett 2012; 14:2150-3. [PMID: 22475318 PMCID: PMC3352666 DOI: 10.1021/ol300673m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration for the neuroactive marine macrolide palmyrolide A is described. The highlight of the synthesis is macrocyclization via trans-enamide formation catalyzed by copper(I) iodide and cesium carbonate. Comparison with the authentic spectral data confirms the synthesis of (+)-ent-palmyrolide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Tello-Aburto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Emily M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Cheyenne K. Valdez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - William A. Maio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
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41
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Allenes in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis and Natural Product Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3074-112. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 758] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Yu S, Ma S. Allene in katalytischer asymmetrischer Synthese und Naturstoffsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Kretschmer M, Menche D. Stereocontrolled synthesis of the C8-C22 fragment of rhizopodin. Org Lett 2011; 14:382-5. [PMID: 22149453 DOI: 10.1021/ol203130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of the central C8-C22 core of the potent macrolide antibiotic rhizopodin is reported. Notable features of the stereocontrolled approach include an asymmetric reverse prenylation of an alcohol using a method of Krische, a thiazolium catalyzed transformation of an epoxyaldehyde as described by Bode, and a late-stage oxazole formation from advanced intermediates. This route demonstrates the applicability of these methodologies in complex natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kretschmer
- Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Organische Chemie, INF 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Wu J, Panek JS. Total synthesis of (-)-virginiamycin M2: application of crotylsilanes accessed by enantioselective Rh(II) or Cu(I) promoted carbenoid Si-H insertion. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9900-18. [PMID: 22070230 DOI: 10.1021/jo202119p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of the antibiotic (-)-virginiamycin M(2) is detailed. A convergent strategy was utilized that proceeded in 10 steps (longest linear sequence) from enantioenriched silane (S)-15. This reagent, which was prepared via a Rh(II)- or Cu(I)-catalyzed carbenoid Si-H insertion, was used to introduce the desired olefin geometry and stereocenters of the C1-C5 propionate subunit. A modified Negishi cross-coupling or an efficient alkoxide-directed titanium-mediated alkyne-alkyne reductive coupling strategy was utilized to assemble the trisubstituted (E,E)-diene. An underutilized late-stage SmI(2)-mediated macrocyclization was employed to construct the 23-membered macrocycle scaffold of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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45
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Albrecht Ł, Ransborg LK, Albrecht A, Lykke L, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Strategies for the Construction of Optically Active Imidazoles, Oxazoles, and Thiazoles. Chemistry 2011; 17:13240-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Lodola A, Mor M, Rassu G, Pelosi G, Zanardi F, Casiraghi G. Catalytic, Asymmetric Hypervinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions of Extended Furan-Based Silyl Enolates. Org Lett 2011; 13:4738-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Rassu
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casiraghi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM, Quirós MT, Gadziński P. Gold- or Palladium-Catalyzed Allene Carbocyclization/Functionalization: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Carbazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Silva, Jr. LF, Olofsson B. Hypervalent iodine reagents in the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1722-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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