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Reda S, Schwarz N, Müller J, McRae HL, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B, Rühl H. Fibrinolysis biomarker, thrombin, and activated protein C level alterations after coagulation activation depend on type of thrombophilia and clinical phenotype. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102351. [PMID: 38487678 PMCID: PMC10937968 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we have shown alterations in the anticoagulant response to recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa)-induced coagulation activation in patients with thrombophilia. Objectives This study aimed to extend this in vivo model to fibrinolysis biomarkers. Methods This interventional in vivo study included 56 patients with thrombophilia and previous venous thromboembolism (VTE+), 38 without VTE (VTE-), and 35 healthy controls. Plasma levels of D-dimer, plasmin-α2-antiplasmin (PAP) complex, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were monitored for over 8 hours after rFVIIa infusion (15 μg/kg) along with thrombin markers and activated protein C (APC). Results Throughout cohorts, median PAP increased by 40% to 52% (P < 3.9 × 10-10) and PAI-1 decreased by 59% to 79% (P < 3.5 × 10-8). In contrast to thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex, which also increased temporarily (44% to 115%, P < 3.6 × 10-6), changes in PAP and PAI-1 did not reverse during the observation period. The area under the measurement-time curves (AUCs) of PAP and TAT, which are measures of plasmin and thrombin formation, respectively, were each greater in the VTE+ cohort than in healthy controls (median PAP-AUC = 0.48 vs 0.27 ng·h/L [P = .003], TAT-AUC = 0.12 vs 0.03 nmol·h/L [P = 2.5 × 10-4]) and were correlated with one another (r = 0.554). As evidenced by the respective AUCs, asymptomatic factor (F)V Leiden carriers showed less PAP formation (0.22 vs 0.41 ng·h/L, P = 9 × 10-4), more pronounced PAI-1 decline (0.10 vs 0.18 ng·h/L, P = .01), and increased APC formation (28.7 vs 15.4 pmol·h/L, P = .02) than those within the VTE+ group (n = 19 each). Conclusion rFVIIa-induced thrombin formation is associated with fibrinolysis parameter changes outlasting the concomitant anticoagulant response. Both correlate with thrombosis history in FV Leiden and might help explain its variable clinical expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Reda
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah L. McRae
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Tagad HD, Brito J, Marin A, Buckley C, Wang H, Sun J, Sukhishvili SA, Wang H, Andrianov AK. 4-Methylumbelliferone-Functionalized Polyphosphazene and Its Assembly into Biocompatible Fluorinated Nanocoatings with Selective Antiproliferative Activity. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2278-2290. [PMID: 37071718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Advanced multifunctional biomaterials are increasingly relying on clinically dictated patterns of selectivity against various biological targets. Integration of these frequently conflicting features into a single material surface may be best achieved by combining various complementary methodologies. Herein, a drug with a broad spectrum of activity, i.e., 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), is synthetically multimerized into water-soluble anionic macromolecules with the polyphosphazene backbone. The polymer structure, composition, and solution behavior are studied by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and UV and fluorescence spectrophotometry. To take advantage of the clinically proven hemocompatibility of fluorophosphazene surfaces, the drug-bearing macromolecule was then nanoassembled onto the surface of selected substrates in an aqueous solution with fluorinated polyphosphazene of the opposite charge using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Nanostructured 4-MU-functionalized fluoro-coatings exhibited a strong antiproliferative effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and fibroblasts with no cytotoxicity against endothelial cells. This selectivity pattern potentially provides the opportunity for highly desirable fast tissue healing while preventing the overgrowth of VSMCs and fibrosis. Taken together with the established in vitro hemocompatibility and anticoagulant activity, 4-MU-functionalized fluoro-coatings demonstrate potential for applications as restenosis-resistant coronary stents and artificial joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harichandra D Tagad
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Christian Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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3
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Schwarz N, Müller J, Yadegari H, McRae HL, Reda S, Hamedani NS, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B, Rühl H. Ex Vivo Modeling of the PC (Protein C) Pathway Using Endothelial Cells and Plasma: A Personalized Approach. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:109-119. [PMID: 36353988 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial cell-dependent PC (protein C) pathway is critically involved in the regulation of coagulation, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective signaling. Its reactivity shows high interindividual variability, and it contributes to prothrombotic disorders, such as the FVL (factor V Leiden) mutation. METHODS Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) were isolated from heparinized peripheral blood from healthy individuals and FVL carriers. Confluent monolayers of ECFCs were overlaid with plasma, and thrombin formation was initiated by addition of tissue factor (1 pmol/L). Subsequently, thrombin and APC (activated PC) formation rates were measured over time using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays. To induce downregulation of TM (thrombomodulin) expression, ECFCs were stimulated with IL-1β (interleukin 1β). In vivo APC response rates were monitored in study participants after infusion of low-dose rFVIIa (recombinant activated factor VII). RESULTS The median peak APC concentration was 1.12 nmol/L in experiments with IL-1β stimulated ECFCs and 3.66 nmol/L without IL-1β. Although thrombin formation rates were comparable, APC formation rates were significantly higher in FVL carriers (n=6) compared to noncarriers (n=5) as evidenced by a higher ratio between the area under the curve of APC generation to the area under the curve of thrombin generation (median 0.090 versus 0.031, P=0.017). These ex vivo results were correlated with an increased APC response to rFVIIa-induced thrombin formation in FVL carriers in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Patient-specific ex vivo modeling of the PC pathway was achieved using blood-derived ECFCs. The correlation between in and ex vivo APC response rates confirms that the autologous PC model accurately depicts the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Hamideh Yadegari
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah L McRae
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Reda
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Nasim Shahidi Hamedani
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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4
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Becher T, Schimanski R, Müller J, Baumann S, Klenantz S, Pötzsch B, Lossnitzer D. Plasma levels of thrombin and activated protein C in patients with acute myocardial Infarction: An observational study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 42:101097. [PMID: 35928794 PMCID: PMC9343411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Plasmatic coagulation profile after major traumatic injury: a prospective observational study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:4595-4606. [PMID: 35578018 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-01971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uncontrolled hemorrhage is still the major cause of preventable death after trauma and is aggravated by trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). The underlying pathophysiology of TIC is still elusive, but several key effectors such as the thrombin-generation capacity, the protein C (PC) pathway, and the fibrinolytic activity could be identified. The aim of this prospective observational study was to investigate plasma coagulation markers attributed to reflect the course of TIC and to identify the mechanisms being responsible for the coagulopathy after major trauma. METHODS Seventy-three consecutive patients after major trauma and admission to a level-1-trauma unit were included to the study. During early trauma management, extended coagulation testing including the measurement of circulating thrombin markers and activated PC (APC) was performed and correlated with standard shock parameters and the patients' clinical course and outcome. RESULTS In contrast to standard coagulation parameters, thrombin markers and APC were found to be increased in correlation with injury severity. Even in patients with lower impact mechanisms, early endogenous accumulation of thrombin markers and APC (ISS < 16: 0.5 ng/ml; ISS ≥ 16-26: 1.5 ng/ml; ISS > 26: 4.1 ng/ml) were observed. Furthermore, APC showed ISS- and injury-dependent patterns while ROC curve analysis revealed that especially APC plasma levels were predictive for coagulopathy and general patient outcome. CONCLUSION Increased levels of APC and thrombin markers in patients after major trauma were positively correlated with injury severity. APC showed an ISS- and injury-dependent kinetic and might serve as candidate biomarker to identify patients at risk for developing TIC.
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6
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Marin A, Brito J, Sukhishvili SA, Andrianov AK. Cationic Fluoropolyphosphazenes: Synthesis and Assembly with Heparin as a Pathway to Hemocompatible Nanocoatings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:313-321. [PMID: 35014813 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of state-of-the-art blood-contacting devices can be advanced through integrating hemocompatibility, durability, and anticoagulant functionalities within engineered nanoscale coatings. To enable all-aqueous assembly of nanocoatings combining omniphobic fluorinated features with the potent anticoagulant activity of hydrophilic heparin, two fluoropolymers containing cationic functionalities were synthesized─poly[(trifluoroethoxy)(dimethylaminopropyloxy)phosphazene], PFAP-O, and poly[(trifluoroethoxy)(dimethylaminopropylamino)phosphazene], PFAP-A. Despite a relatively high content of fluorinated pendant groups─approximately 50% (mol) in each─both polymers displayed solubility in aqueous solutions and were able to spontaneously form stable supramolecular complexes with heparin, as determined by dynamic light scattering and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation methods. Heparin-containing coatings were then assembled by layer-by-layer deposition in aqueous solutions. Nanoassembled coatings were evaluated for potential thrombogenicity in three important categories of in vitro tests─coagulation by thrombin generation, platelet retention, and hemolysis. In all assays, heparin-containing fluoro-coatings consistently displayed superior performance compared to untreated titanium surfaces or fluoro-coatings assembled using poly(acrylic acid) in the absence of heparin. Short-term stability studies revealed the noneluting nature of these noncovalently assembled coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20853, United States
| | - Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20853, United States
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7
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Becher T, Müller J, Akin I, Baumann S, Stach K, Borggrefe M, Pötzsch B, Loßnitzer D. Characterization of circulating thrombin in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 50:90-97. [PMID: 31722081 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock is characterized by a dysregulated response to infection, hypotension and activation of the coagulation system. Markers of coagulation activation are commonly used to diagnose and monitor ensuing coagulopathies. In this study, we sought to determine levels of circulating thrombin in patients with septic shock. To characterize levels of circulating, active thrombin in patients with septic shock. 48 patients with septic shock were included in this prospective, observational study. Blood samples were obtained on admission, day 1, day 3 and day 6. Levels of active thrombin were measured using a standardized, clinically applicable oligonucleotide (aptamer)-based enzyme-capture assay (OECA). Thrombin levels were correlated with established indirect thrombin parameters, conventional coagulation tests, laboratory parameters, patient characteristics and outcome. Elevated levels of thrombin were detected in 27 patients (56.3%) during the course of the study. Thrombin levels were positively correlated with thrombin-antithrombin complexes (r = 0.30, p < 0.05) and negatively associated with FVII levels (r = - 0.28, p < 0.05). Thrombin levels on admission did not predict 30-day mortality (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.23-2.92, p = 0.77). Circulating levels of active thrombin can be measured in a subset of patients with septic shock. Although thrombin levels are correlated with established markers of coagulation, they do not provide additional prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Becher
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Baumann
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ksenija Stach
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Loßnitzer
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Functional Characterization of Antithrombin Mutations by Monitoring of Thrombin Inhibition Kinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042119. [PMID: 33672736 PMCID: PMC7924598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of thrombin by the endogenous inhibitor antithrombin (AT) is a central mechanism in the regulation of hemostasis. This makes hereditary AT deficiency, which is caused by SERPINC1 gene mutations, a major thrombophilic risk factor. Aim of this study was to assess to what extent AT mutations impair thrombin inhibition kinetics. The study population included 36 thrombophilic patients with 19 different mutations and mean AT levels of 65% in a thrombin-based functional assay, and 26 healthy controls. To assess thrombin inhibition kinetics, thrombin (3.94 mU/mL final concentration) was added to citrated plasma. Subsequently, endogenous thrombin inhibition was stopped by addition of the reversible thrombin inhibitor argatroban and the amount of argatroban-complexed thrombin quantified using an oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay. The plasma half-life of human thrombin was significantly longer in patients with AT mutations than in the controls (119.9 versus 55.9 s). Moreover, it was disproportionately prolonged when compared with preparations of wild type AT in plasma, in whom a comparable thrombin half-life of 120.8 s was reached at a distinctly lower AT level of 20%. These findings may help to better understand the increased thrombotic risk of SERPINC1 mutations with near normal AT plasma levels in functional assays.
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9
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Gerasimov A, Golderman V, Gofrit SG, Aharoni SA, Zohar DN, Itsekson-Hayosh Z, Fay-Karmon T, Hassin-Baer S, Chapman J, Maggio N, Shavit-Stein E. Markers for neural degeneration and regeneration: novel highly sensitive methods for the measurement of thrombin and activated protein C in human cerebrospinal fluid. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2086-2092. [PMID: 33642398 PMCID: PMC8343305 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and coagulation are tightly interconnected in the pathophysiology of neuronal diseases. Thrombin, a pro-coagulant serine protease is associated with neurodegeneration and its indirect inhibitor, activated protein C (aPC), is considered neuroprotective. While levels of thrombin and aPC activity are readily measured in the blood, similar assays in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not been described. The aim of this study was to establish a specific and sensitive enzymatic assay to measure both thrombin and aPC activity in the CSF. CSF was collected from 14 patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus served as a control group, while seven patients with central nervous system infections served as an acute neuro-inflammatory study group and one sample of CSF following traumatic lumbar puncture served as a positive control. Thrombin and aPC activities were measured by fluorescence released by specific proteolytic cleavage in the presence of endopeptidase and amino-peptidase inhibitors to ensure specificity. Specificity of the method was verified by thrombin and serine-protease inhibitors N-alpha-((2-naphthylsulfinyl)glycyl)-DL-p-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. Inhibition of thrombin activity by CSF samples and levels of specific thrombin inhibitors were also assessed. Thrombin and aPC activities were reliably measured and were significantly higher in the CSF of patients with central nervous system infections compared to normal pressure hydrocephalus controls, suggesting the involvement of these factors in neuro-inflammation. CSF thrombin activity levels in the presence of known thrombin concentration were high in patients with central nervous system infections, and low in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Quantification of endogenous thrombin inhibitors protease nexin 1, amyloid precursor protein and anti-thrombin III in CSF by western blot indicated a significant elevation of amyloid precursor protein in infectious CSF. In conclusion, this study describes a novel and sensitive assay aimed at the detection of thrombin and aPC activity in CSF. This method may be useful for measuring these factors that reflect degenerative and protective influences of coagulation on neurological disorders. The study procedure was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chaim Sheba Medical Center (approval No. 4245-17-SMC) on October 18, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Golderman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shay Anat Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Daniela Noa Zohar
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Tsviya Fay-Karmon
- Department of Neurology; The Movement Disorders Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; The Movement Disorders Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Rühl H, Friemann AM, Reda S, Schwarz N, Winterhagen FI, Berens C, Müller J, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B. Activated Factor XI is Increased in Plasma in Response to Surgical Trauma but not to Recombinant Activated FVII-Induced Thrombin Formation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 29:82-98. [PMID: 33298665 PMCID: PMC8737067 DOI: 10.5551/jat.59873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Feedback activation of factor XI (FXI) by thrombin is believed to play a critical role in the amplification phase of thrombin generation and to contribute to thrombosis development and hemostasis. However, the activation of FXI by thrombin has been shown
in vitro
to require a cofactor. In this study, the role of thrombin in activated FXI (FXIa) formation
in vivo
is investigated.
Methods:
The study population comprised probands in whom coagulation activation was triggered by low-dose (15 µg/kg) recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa,
n
=89), of whom 34 with (VTE+) and 45 without a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE−), and patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries (
n
=45). FXIa was quantified via an enzyme capture assay using a monoclonal FXI-specific antibody. Thrombin formation was monitored using an oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay and the thrombin activation markers prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT).
Results:
In the rFVIIa cohort, FXIa and thrombin remained below their lower limit of quantification of 3.48 and 1.06 pmol/L, respectively. By contrast, during the surgeries, median FXIa levels increased from 3.69 pmol/L pre-operatively to 9.41 pmol/L mid-operatively (
P
=4·10
−4
) and remained significantly elevated 24 h thereafter, with 9.38 pmol/L (
P
=0.001). Peak levels of F1+2 were comparable in the VTE+, VTE−, and surgery cohort (235, 268, and 253 pmol/L), whereas peak TAT levels were higher in the surgery cohort (53.1, 33.9, and 147.6 pmol/L).
Conclusions:
Under
in vivo
conditions, the activation of FXI requires specific local features that are present at the wounded site including potential cofactors of thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Anne M Friemann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Sara Reda
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Nadine Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | | | - Christina Berens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
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11
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In vitro hemocompatibility testing of medical devices. Thromb Res 2020; 195:146-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Xu X, Xu K, Zhang M, Huang K, Kang H, Lin H, Yang Y, Han D. An Intelligent DNA Nanorobot for Autonomous Anticoagulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17697-17704. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Kangli Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Kui Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Huaizhi Kang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hsiao‐chu Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Da Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
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13
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Xu X, Xu K, Zhang M, Huang K, Kang H, Lin H, Yang Y, Han D. An Intelligent DNA Nanorobot for Autonomous Anticoagulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Kangli Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Kui Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Huaizhi Kang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hsiao‐chu Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Da Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
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14
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Spiegelmer-Based Sandwich Assay for Cardiac Troponin I Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144963. [PMID: 32674303 PMCID: PMC7404307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two subunits of the ternary troponin complex, I and C, have cardiac muscle specific isoforms, and hence could be applied as highly-selective markers of acute coronary syndrome. We aimed at paving the way for the development of a robust cardiac troponin I-detecting sandwich assay by replacing antibodies with nuclease resistant aptamer analogues, so-called spiegelmers. To complement the previously generated spiegelmers that were specific for the N-terminus of cTnI, spiegelmers were selected for an amino acid stretch in the proximity of the C-terminal part of the protein by using a D-amino acid composed peptide. Following the selection, the oligonucleotides were screened by filter binding assay, and surface plasmon resonance analysis of the most auspicious candidates demonstrated that this approach could provide spiegelmers with subnanomolar dissociation constant. To demonstrate if the selected spiegelmers are functional and suitable for cTnI detection in a sandwich type arrangement, AlphaLisa technology was leveraged and the obtained results demonstrated that spiegelmers with different epitope selectivity are suitable for specific detection of cTnI protein even in human plasma containing samples. These results suggest that spiegelmers could be considered in the development of the next generation cTnI monitoring assays.
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15
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Tomita S, Sugai H, Mimura M, Ishihara S, Shiraki K, Kurita R. Optical Fingerprints of Proteases and Their Inhibited Complexes Provided by Differential Cross-Reactivity of Fluorophore-Labeled Single-Stranded DNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47428-47436. [PMID: 31747245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The detection of proteases and their complexes with inhibitor proteins is of great importance for diagnosis and medical-treatment applications. In this study, we report a fingerprint-based sensor using an array of single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) labeled with environment-responsive 3'-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) for the identification of proteases. Four TAMRA-modified ssDNAs with different sequences solubilized in two different buffer solutions were incorporated in an array that was capable of generating fluorescent fingerprints unique to the proteases through diverse cross-reactive interactions, allowing the discrimination of (i) 8 proteases and (ii) 12 different mixtures of trypsin and its inhibitor protein (α1-antitrypsin) by multivariate analysis. Constructing an array with TAMRA-modified DNA aptamers that bind to different sites of human thrombin provides fluorescence fingerprints that reflect a reduction of the exposed surface area of thrombin upon complexation with antithrombin III, even in the presence of human serum. We finally demonstrate the potential of hybridization with complementary DNAs as an effective means to easily double the fingerprint information for proteases. Our approach based on the cross-reactive capability of ssDNAs enables high-throughput fingerprint-based sensing that can be flexibly designed and easily constructed, not only for the identification of a variety of proteins including proteases but also for the evaluation of their complexation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tomita
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Hiroka Sugai
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Mimura
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
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16
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Kotlarek D, Vorobii M, Ogieglo W, Knoll W, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Dostálek J. Compact Grating-Coupled Biosensor for the Analysis of Thrombin. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2109-2116. [PMID: 31364363 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A compact optical biosensor for direct detection of thrombin in human blood plasma (HBP) is reported. This biosensor platform is based on wavelength spectroscopy of diffraction-coupled surface plasmons on a chip with a periodically corrugated gold film that carries an antifouling thin polymer layer consisting of poly[(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-co-(carboxybetaine methacrylamide)] (poly(HPMA-co-CBMAA)) brushes. This surface architecture provides superior resistance to nonspecific and irreversible adsorption of abundant compounds in the analyzed HBP samples in comparison to standard surface modifications. The carboxylate groups along the polymer brushes were exploited for the covalent immobilization of aptamer ligands. These ligands were selected to specifically capture the target thrombin analyte from the analyzed HBP sample in a way that does not activate the coagulatory process at the biosensor surface with poly(HPMA-co-CBMAA) brushes. Direct label-free analysis of thrombin in the medically relevant concentration range (1-20 nM) is demonstrated without the need for diluting the HBP samples or using additional steps for signal enhancement. The reported platform constitutes the first step toward a portable and sensitive point-of-care device for direct detection of thrombin in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kotlarek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mariia Vorobii
- DWI − Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Ogieglo
- DWI − Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI − Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakub Dostálek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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17
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Wang C, Sun Y, Zhao Q. A sensitive thrombin-linked sandwich immunoassay for protein targets using high affinity phosphorodithioate modified aptamer for thrombin labeling. Talanta 2019; 207:120280. [PMID: 31594565 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin and its aptamers have been well studied and widely used as models in aptamer based assays and sensors. Here we reported a thrombin-linked sandwich immunoassay for proteins to demonstrate new applications of thrombin and the aptamers, converting protein detection to analysis of thrombin label. In this assay, target protein was sandwiched by the capture antibody on a microplate and the biotinylated detection antibody. Thrombin bound to one biotinylated aptamer, and then the thrombin-labeled aptamer was attached on the sandwich complex through streptavidin-biotin interaction by using streptavidin as a linker. Thrombin catalyzed cleavage of fluorogenic peptide substrates, generating fluorescence signals for target detection. Among a few different anti-thrombin aptamers, the use of one nuclease resistant RNA aptamer having phosphorodithioate (PS2) modification on a specific backbone position enabled higher assay sensitivity due to its much higher affinity. This thrombin-linked sandwich immunoassay allowed detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 2 pM, an important protein related cancer disease, with high sensitivity and specificity. The strategy was general, and also enabled sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) light chain, one toxin protein causing risk to human health. This assay combines advantages of antibody recognition, aptamer affinity labeling, high affinity of aptamers, and enzyme activity of thrombin. Labeling thrombin on the immunosandwich complex through simple affinity binding overcomes limitations of covalent conjugating enzyme on antibody in conventional immunoassay. This assay is promising in applications for protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Sun
- The People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Wang C, Zhao Q. A competitive thrombin-linked aptamer assay for small molecule: aflatoxin B 1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6637-6644. [PMID: 31352501 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We described a competitive thrombin-linked aptamer assay for small molecule, using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a model, taking advantage of aptamer affinity binding and enzymatic activity of thrombin. We designed a dual functional DNA probe that contained the aptamer sequence for thrombin and the aptamer sequence for AFB1. Thrombin was labeled on the DNA probe by affinity binding between thrombin and anti-thrombin aptamer. This thrombin-labeled DNA probe was attached on AFB1-bovine serum albumin conjugate (BSA-AFB1) coated on a microplate through the affinity interaction between AFB1 and anti-AFB1 aptamer. The thrombin attached on the microplate catalyzed the cleavage of peptide substrate into detectable product, generating signal for detection. In the presence of AFB1, free AFB1 competed with BSA-AFB1 in the binding to the limited amount of DNA probe, leading to signal decrease. Detection of AFB1 was achieved by measuring the signal change. Under optimized conditions, AFB1 was successfully detected in the range from 0.5 nM to 1 μM when fluorogenic peptide substrate of thrombin and fluorescence analysis were applied. The use of chromogenic peptide substrate in the assay allowed the detection of AFB1 ranging from 0.5 to 125 nM by simple absorbance analysis. The thrombin-linked aptamer assay showed good selectivity towards AFB1, and enabled the detection of AFB1 spiked in diluted beer and corn flour. This TLAA strategy extends the analytical application of thrombin and aptamers in detection of small molecules. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Rühl H, Berens C, Winterhagen FI, Reda S, Müller J, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B. Increased Activated Protein C Response Rates Reduce the Thrombotic Risk of Factor V Leiden Carriers But Not of Prothrombin 20210G>A Carriers. Circ Res 2019; 125:523-534. [PMID: 31314700 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carriers of the most common prothrombotic mutations FVL (factor V Leiden) and FII (prothrombin) 20210G>A show a highly variable clinical phenotype. Using standardized in vivo coagulation activation followed by activity pattern analysis we have recently shown, that the FVL mutation accelerates thrombin and APC (activated protein C) formation in carriers without a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate, if the FII 20210G>A mutation induces a similar reaction pattern, and if the response rates differ in FVL and FII 20210G>A mutation carriers with prior VTE (VTE+). METHODS AND RESULTS We comparatively analyzed 30 FVL carriers, 28 FII 20210G>A carriers (thereof 13 VTE+ each) and 15 healthy controls. Changes in plasma levels of thrombin, prothrombin activation fragment 1+2 (F1+2), TAT (thrombin-antithrombin complex), APC, and D-dimer were monitored over 8 hours after infusion of recombinant factor VIIa (15 µg/kg). An increase of F1+2 and TAT levels was observed, that did neither differ between FVL and FII 20210G>A carriers nor between asymptomatic and VTE+ carriers of these mutations. Median plasma levels of APC increased more (P=0.008) in FVL carriers (from 1.39 to 7.79 pmol/L) than in FII 20210G>A carriers (from 1.03 to 5.79 pmol/L), and more in FII 20210G>A carriers (P=2×10-4) than in healthy controls (from 0.86 to 3.00 pmol/L). Most importantly, however, the APC response was greater (P=0.015) in asymptomatic (n=13) than in VTE+ (n=12) heterozygous FVL carriers, with an increase of APC levels from 1.44 to 8.11 pmol/L versus 1.27 to 5.62 pmol/L. CONCLUSIONS These in vivo data demonstrate that the FII 20210G>A and FVL mutations share an intermediate phenotype that is characterized by increased thrombin formation after coagulation activation. Furthermore, our data support the conclusion that the APC activating capacity of FVL carriers modifies the thrombotic risk of this common prothrombotic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rühl
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Berens
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska I Winterhagen
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Reda
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- From the Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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20
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Shin S, Kim B, Kim YJ, Choi S. Integrated microfluidic pneumatic circuit for point-of-care molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Lin JH, Huang KH, Zhan SW, Yu CJ, Tseng WL, Hsieh MM. Inhibition of catalytic activity of fibrinogen-stabilized gold nanoparticles via thrombin-induced inclusion of nanoparticle into fibrin: Application for thrombin sensing with more than 10 4-fold selectivity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 210:59-65. [PMID: 30445261 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with thrombin-binding aptamer are often implemented for colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical detection of thrombin in an aqueous solution. However, researchers have rarely explored the application of fibrinogen-modified AuNPs (F-AuNPs) for thrombin sensing. We present a simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective probe for colorimetric assay of thrombin through combining thrombin-induced inclusion of F-AuNPs into Fibrin and F-AuNPs-catalyzed reduction of 4-nitrophenol with an excess amount of NaBH4. Considering that fibrinogen stabilized citrate-capped AuNPs against a high-ionic-strength buffer, F-AuNPs efficiently catalyzed the NaBH4-mediated decrease of yellow 4-nitrophenol to colorless 4-aminophenol. The presence of thrombin converted fibrinogen into fibrin on the nanoparticle surface, leading to the inclusion of nanoparticles into fibrin. The formation of fibrin inhibited that the AuNPs catalyzed the NaBH4-mediated reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Consequently, the color of the solution gradually varied from colorless to yellow with increasing thrombin concentration. The proposed system was shown to be accurate in the quantification of small differences in the concentration of human thrombin over the range of 4-60 pM. The lowest detectable concentration of human thrombin by the naked eye was as low as 16 pM. We demonstrated the practical application of the proposed system in quantifying 1-15 nM human thrombin in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Mu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung City 802, Taiwan.
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22
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Lin KC, Jagannath B, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Sub-picomolar label-free detection of thrombin using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of aptamer-functionalized MoS 2. Analyst 2018. [PMID: 28650005 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive aptasensor for the label free non-faradaic detection of thrombin has been demonstrated on molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanosheets. These nanosheets were physiochemically immobilized onto a silicon micro-electrode platform. Thrombin detection was achieved through the charge modulation of the electrical double layer due to the specific and dose dependent binding of thrombin to the surface of thiol terminated ssDNA aptamer functionalized MoS2 nanosheets. Electrical double layer charge modulation associated with thrombin binding was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering was also used to confirm the dose dependent behavior. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and XPS analysis were independently used to validate the functionalization of the ssDNA aptamer onto MoS2 nanosheets. ssDNA aptamer functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) for selective and specific capture of thrombin was demonstrated both in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human serum. The optimized immunoassay enabled the detection of thrombin ranging from 267 fM to 267 pM in phosphate buffer. The limit of detection of 53 pM and the linear dynamic range of detection of thrombin ranged from 53 to 854 pM in human serum. The rapid response time for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy signal makes it an attractive option for the real-time detection of thrombin based point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Badrinath Jagannath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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23
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Friedrich MJ, Schmolders J, Rommelspacher Y, Strauss A, Rühl H, Mayer G, Oldenburg J, Wirtz DC, Müller J, Pötzsch B. Activity Pattern Analysis Indicates Increased but Balanced Systemic Coagulation Activity in Response to Surgical Trauma. TH OPEN 2018; 2:e350-e356. [PMID: 31249960 PMCID: PMC6524900 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the nonbleeding patient, constant low-level activation of coagulation enables a quick procoagulant response upon an injury. Conversely, local activation of coagulation might influence the systemic activity level of coagulation. To characterize this interaction in more detail, activity pattern analysis was performed in patients undergoing elective surgeries. Blood samples were taken before, during, and 24 hours after surgery from 35 patients undergoing elective minor (
n
= 18) and major (
n
= 17) orthopaedic surgeries. Plasma levels of thrombin and activated protein C (APC) were measured using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays, while those of prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin–antithrombin-complexes, and D-dimer were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In vitro thrombin generation kinetics were recorded using calibrated automated thrombography. Results showed that median plasma levels of up to 20 pM thrombin and of up to 12 pM APC were reached during surgery. D-dimer levels started to increase at the end of surgery and remained increased 24 hours after surgery, while all other parameters returned to baseline. Peak levels showed no significant differences between minor and major surgeries and were not influenced by the activity state at baseline. In vitro thrombin generation kinetics remained unchanged during surgery. In summary, simultaneous monitoring of the procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways of coagulation demonstrates that surgical trauma is associated with increased systemic activities of both pathways. Activity pattern analysis might be helpful to identify patients at an increased risk for thrombosis due to an imbalance between surgery-related thrombin formation and the subsequent anticoagulant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Julian Friedrich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Schmolders
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yorck Rommelspacher
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Strauss
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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24
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Weber M, Steinle H, Golombek S, Hann L, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Blood-Contacting Biomaterials: In Vitro Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:99. [PMID: 30062094 PMCID: PMC6054932 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocompatibility of blood-contacting biomaterials is one of the most important criteria for their successful in vivo applicability. Thus, extensive in vitro analyses according to ISO 10993-4 are required prior to clinical applications. In this review, we summarize essential aspects regarding the evaluation of the hemocompatibility of biomaterials and the required in vitro analyses for determining the blood compatibility. Static, agitated, or shear flow models are used to perform hemocompatibility studies. Before and after the incubation of the test material with fresh human blood, hemolysis, cell counts, and the activation of platelets, leukocytes, coagulation and complement system are analyzed. Furthermore, the surface of biomaterials are evaluated concerning attachment of blood cells, adsorption of proteins, and generation of thrombus and fibrin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kaur H, Bruno JG, Kumar A, Sharma TK. Aptamers in the Therapeutics and Diagnostics Pipelines. Theranostics 2018; 8:4016-4032. [PMID: 30128033 PMCID: PMC6096388 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can selectively bind to small molecular ligands or protein targets with high affinity and specificity, by acquiring unique three-dimensional structures. Aptamers have the advantage of being highly specific, relatively small in size, non-immunogenic and can be easily stabilized by chemical modifications, thus allowing expansion of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Since the invention of aptamers in the early 1990s, great efforts have been made to make them clinically relevant for diseases like macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, owing to the aforementioned advantages and unique adaptability of aptamers to point-of-care platforms, aptamer technology has created a stable niche in the field of in vitro diagnostics by enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnoses. The aim of this review is to give an overview on aptamers, highlight the inherent therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities and challenges associated with them and present various aptamers that have reached therapeutic clinical trials, diagnostic markets or that have immediate translational potential for therapeutics and diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John G. Bruno
- Operational Technologies Corporation, 4100 NW Loop 410, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Center for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
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Kalra P, Dhiman A, Cho WC, Bruno JG, Sharma TK. Simple Methods and Rational Design for Enhancing Aptamer Sensitivity and Specificity. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:41. [PMID: 29868605 PMCID: PMC5966647 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are structured nucleic acid molecules that can bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity. However, conventional SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) methods may not necessarily produce aptamers of desired affinity and specificity. Thus, to address these questions, this perspective is intended to suggest some approaches and tips along with novel selection methods to enhance evolution of aptamers. This perspective covers latest novel innovations as well as a broad range of well-established approaches to improve the individual binding parameters (aptamer affinity, avidity, specificity and/or selectivity) of aptamers during and/or post-SELEX. The advantages and limitations of individual aptamer selection methods and post-SELEX optimizations, along with rational approaches to overcome these limitations are elucidated in each case. Further the impact of chosen selection milieus, linker-systems, aptamer cocktails and detection modules utilized in conjunction with target-specific aptamers, on the overall assay performance are discussed in detail, each with its own advantages and limitations. The simple variations suggested are easily available for facile implementation during and/or post-SELEX to develop ultrasensitive and specific assays. Finally, success studies of established aptamer-based assays are discussed, highlighting how they utilized some of the suggested methodologies to develop commercially successful point-of-care diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kalra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, India
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - John G Bruno
- Operational Technologies Corporation, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Tarun K Sharma
- Center for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.,AptaBharat Innovation Private Limited, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Incubator, Faridabad, India
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Platella C, Riccardi C, Montesarchio D, Roviello GN, Musumeci D. G-quadruplex-based aptamers against protein targets in therapy and diagnostics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1429-1447. [PMID: 27865995 PMCID: PMC7117017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules identified to recognize with high affinity specific targets including proteins, small molecules, ions, whole cells and even entire organisms, such as viruses or bacteria. They can be identified from combinatorial libraries of DNA or RNA oligonucleotides by SELEX technology, an in vitro iterative selection procedure consisting of binding (capture), partitioning and amplification steps. Remarkably, many of the aptamers selected against biologically relevant protein targets are G-rich sequences that can fold into stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Aiming at disseminating novel inspiring ideas within the scientific community in the field of G4-structures, the emphasis of this review is placed on: 1) recent advancements in SELEX technology for the efficient and rapid identification of new candidate aptamers (introduction of microfluidic systems and next generation sequencing); 2) recurrence of G4 structures in aptamers selected by SELEX against biologically relevant protein targets; 3) discovery of several G4-forming motifs in important regulatory regions of the human or viral genome bound by endogenous proteins, which per se can result into potential aptamers; 4) an updated overview of G4-based aptamers with therapeutic potential and 5) a discussion on the most attractive G4-based aptamers for diagnostic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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Pica A, Russo Krauss I, Parente V, Tateishi-Karimata H, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Sugimoto N, Sica F. Through-bond effects in the ternary complexes of thrombin sandwiched by two DNA aptamers. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:461-469. [PMID: 27899589 PMCID: PMC5224481 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers directed against human thrombin can selectively bind to two different exosites on the protein surface. The simultaneous use of two DNA aptamers, HD1 and HD22, directed to exosite I and exosite II respectively, is a very powerful approach to exploit their combined affinity. Indeed, strategies to link HD1 and HD22 together have been proposed in order to create a single bivalent molecule with an enhanced ability to control thrombin activity. In this work, the crystal structures of two ternary complexes, in which thrombin is sandwiched between two DNA aptamers, are presented and discussed. The structures shed light on the cross talk between the two exosites. The through-bond effects are particularly evident at exosite II, with net consequences on the HD22 structure. Moreover, thermodynamic data on the binding of the two aptamers are also reported and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Parente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Hisae Tateishi-Karimata
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113- 8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113- 8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan .,Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy .,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
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Müller J, Becher T, Mayer G, Pötzsch B. Aptamer-Based Enzyme Capture Assay for Measurement of Plasma Thrombin Levels. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1380:179-89. [PMID: 26552826 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3197-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of circulating thrombin is a valuable tool to accurately assess the activity of the blood coagulation system. Here, we describe the combined application of the thrombin-specific reversible active-site inhibitor argatroban and the DNA-aptamer HD1-22 for conduction of an enzyme capture assay for reliable measurement of plasma thrombin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Müller
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tobias Becher
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
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Thrombin-linked aptamer assay for detection of platelet derived growth factor BB on magnetic beads in a sandwich format. Talanta 2016; 158:159-164. [PMID: 27343590 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a thrombin-linked aptamer assay (TLAA) for protein by using thrombin as an enzyme label, harnessing enzyme activity of thrombin and aptamer affinity binding. TLAA converts detection of specific target proteins to the detection of thrombin by using a DNA sequence that consists of two aptamers with the first aptamer binding to the specific target protein and the second aptamer binding to thrombin. Through the affinity binding, the thrombin enzyme is labeled on the protein target, and thrombin catalyzes the hydrolysis of small peptide substrate into product, generating signals for quantification. As a proof of principle, we show a sandwich TLAA for platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) by using anti-PDGF-BB antibody coated on magnetic beads and an oligonucleotide containing the aptamer for PDGF-BB and the aptamer for thrombin. The binding of PDGF-BB to both the antibody and the aptamer results in labeling the complex with thrombin. We achieved detection of PDGF-BB at 16 pM. This TLAA contributes a new application of thrombin and its aptamer in bioanalysis, and shows potentials in assay developments.
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31
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An aptamer assay using rolling circle amplification coupled with thrombin catalysis for protein detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4715-22. [PMID: 27108282 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a sensitive aptamer-based sandwich assay for protein detection on microplate by using rolling circle amplification (RCA) coupled with thrombin catalysis. This assay takes advantage of RCA generating long DNA oligonucleotides with repeat thrombin-binding aptamer sequence, specific aptamer affinity binding to achieve multiple thrombin labeling, and enzyme activity of thrombin for signal generation. Protein target is specifically captured by antibody-coated microplate. Then, an oligonucleotide containing an aptamer for protein and a primer sequence is added to form a typical sandwich structure. Following a template encoded with complementary sequence of aptamer for thrombin, RCA reaction extends the primer sequence into a long oligonucleotide. Many thrombin molecules bind with the RCA product. Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of its chromogenic or fluorogenic peptide substrates into detectable products for final quantification of protein targets. We applied this strategy to the detection of a model protein target, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Due to double signal amplifications from RCA and thrombin catalysis, this assay enabled the detection of PDGF-BB as low as 3.1 pM when a fluorogenic peptide substrate was used. This assay provides a new way for signal generation in RCA-involved assay through direct thrombin labeling, circumventing time-consuming preparation of enzyme-conjugate and affinity probes. This method has promise for a variety of analytical applications.
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A new measure for in vivo thrombin activity in comparison with in vitro thrombin generation potential in patients with hyper- and hypocoagulability. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:251-256. [PMID: 27094310 PMCID: PMC5403851 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The thrombin generation potential is an in vitro measure for the capacity of an individual to generate thrombin and recognized as a reflection of a hypo- or hypercoagulable status. Measurement of the in vivo thrombin activity, however, may be of clinical significance. We evaluated a new assay for in vivo thrombin activity and compared it to the in vitro thrombin generation potential in patients with hemophilia A (N = 15), oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF) (N = 20), subjects with active cancer (N = 21), and healthy volunteers (N = 10). Thrombin activity was measured with a commercially available oligonucleotide enzyme capture assay in argatroban-stabilized plasma samples. Thrombin generation potential was determined with a commercially available assay in citrated plasma. Thrombin activity was detected in 17 (30.4 %) patients (mean 0.30 mU/ml [SD 0.80]), and in 39 patients (69.6 %) no thrombin activity was present. In cancer patients, thrombin activity was detected in 11 patients (52 %) (range 0.14–5.00 mU/ml) and was particularly increased in 3 patients with vessel-invasive tumors (1.2, 1.5, and 5.0 mU/ml). In AF patients, thrombin activity was only measureable in two patients (10 %) (recent hematoma [0.4 mU/ml] and recent ischemic stroke [1.5 mU/ml]). Thrombin activity was detected in four patients (27 %) with hemophilia (range 0.29–1.75 mU/ml), all of whom had received a factor VIII infusion on the same day. Thrombin activity did not correlate with any of the parameters of the thrombin generation potential. Only patients in acute procoagulatory states or after clotting factor replacement had elevated in vivo thrombin activity, which was, however, unrelated to the in vitro thrombin generation potential.
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Microplate based assay for thrombin detection using an RNA aptamer as affinity ligand and cleavage of a chromogenic or a fluorogenic peptide substrate. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Rühl H, Berens C, Winterhagen A, Müller J, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B. Label-Free Kinetic Studies of Hemostasis-Related Biomarkers Including D-Dimer Using Autologous Serum Transfusion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145012. [PMID: 26658824 PMCID: PMC4684386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the elimination kinetics of hemostasis-related biomarkers including the prothrombin activation fragment F1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex (PAP), and D-dimer in humans. Autologous serum was used as a biomarker source and infused into 15 healthy volunteers. Serum was prepared from whole blood in the presence of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (final concentration 20 μg/mL) to induce plasmin generation required for PAP and D-dimer formation. Serum transfusions (50 mL/30 min) were well tolerated by all subjects. Endogenous thrombin formation was not induced by serum infusions as measured using a highly sensitive oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay. Median peak levels (x-fold increase over baseline) of F1+2, TAT, PAP, and D-dimer of 3.7 nmol/L (28.9), 393 ng/mL (189.6), 3,829 ng/mL (7.0), and 13.4 mg/L (34.2) were achieved at the end of serum infusions. During a 48 h lasting follow-up period all biomarkers showed elimination kinetics of a two-compartment model. Median (interquartile range) terminal half-lives were 1.9 (1.3–3.6) h for F1+2, 0.7 (0.7–2.6) h for TAT, and 10.8 (8.8–11.4) h for PAP. With 15.8 (13.1–23.1) h the D-dimer half-life was about twice as long as previously estimated from radiolabeling studies in animals and small numbers of human subjects. The serum approach presented here allows label-free and simultaneous analysis of the elimination kinetics of various hemostasis-related biomarkers. Based on these data changes in biomarker levels could more precisely used to estimate the activity level of the hemostatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christina Berens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Winterhagen
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Tolle F, Brändle GM, Matzner D, Mayer G. Ein universeller Zugang zu Nucleobasen-modifizierten Aptameren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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36
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Tolle F, Brändle GM, Matzner D, Mayer G. A Versatile Approach Towards Nucleobase-Modified Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26224087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel and versatile method has been developed for modular expansion of the chemical space of nucleic acid libraries, thus enabling the generation of nucleobase-modified aptamers with unprecedented recognition properties. Reintroduction of the modification after enzymatic replication gives broad access to many chemical modifications. This wide applicability, which is not limited to a single modification, will rapidly advance the application of in vitro selection approaches beyond what is currently feasible and enable the generation of aptamers to many targets that have so far not been addressable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Tolle
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Gerhard M Brändle
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Daniel Matzner
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
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Famulok M, Mayer G. Aptamers and SELEX in Chemistry & Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:1055-8. [PMID: 25237853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers, or simply aptamers, are oligonucleotides that bind specific ligands that vary from small molecules to proteins. An aptamer for a specific ligand is routinely identified through the process of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, although some aptamers are found in nature as ligand-binding sites of special RNA structures called riboswitches. Aptamers have significant value in biotechnology and for the development of aptamer-based therapeutics. This perspective briefly highlights the tight connection between the journal Chemistry & Biology and in vitro selection technologies over the past two decades. We then focus our discussion on the summary of the current state of the art of aptamer technologies and provide our view of the future challenges and opportunities for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Famulok
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Chemical Biology Unit, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Günter Mayer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Chemical Biology Unit, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Lin L, Liu S, Nie Z, Chen Y, Lei C, Wang Z, Yin C, Hu H, Huang Y, Yao S. Automatic and Integrated Micro-Enzyme Assay (AIμEA) Platform for Highly Sensitive Thrombin Analysis via an Engineered Fluorescence Protein-Functionalized Monolithic Capillary Column. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4552-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Development of aptamer-conjugated magnetic graphene/gold nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites for specific enrichment and rapid analysis of thrombin by MALDI-TOF MS. Talanta 2014; 129:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Rühl H, Schröder L, Müller J, Sukhitashvili S, Welz J, Kuhn WC, Oldenburg J, Rudlowski C, Pötzsch B. Impact of hormone-associated resistance to activated protein C on the thrombotic potential of oral contraceptives: a prospective observational study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105007. [PMID: 25121606 PMCID: PMC4133351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The increased thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives (OC) has been attributed to various alterations of the hemostatic system, including acquired resistance to activated protein C (APC). To evaluate to what extent OC-associated APC resistance induces a prothrombotic state we monitored plasma levels of thrombin and molecular markers specific for thrombin formation in women starting OC use. Elevated plasma levels of thrombin have been reported to characterize situations of high thrombotic risk such as trauma-induced hypercoagulability, but have not yet been studied during OC use. Patients and Methods Blood samples were collected prospectively from healthy women (n = 21) before and during three menstruation cycles after start of OC. APC resistance was evaluated using a thrombin generation-based assay. Plasma levels of thrombin and APC were directly measured using highly sensitive oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay (OECA) technology. Thrombin generation markers and other hemostasis parameters were measured additionally. Results All women developed APC resistance as indicated by an increased APC sensitivity ratio compared with baseline after start of OC (p = 0.0003). Simultaneously, plasma levels of thrombin, prothrombin fragment 1+2, and of thrombin-antithrombin complexes did not change, ruling out increased thrombin formation. APC plasma levels were also not influenced by OC use, giving further evidence that increased thrombin formation did not occur. Conclusions In the majority of OC users no enhanced thrombin formation occurs despite the development of APC resistance. It cannot be ruled out, however, that thrombin formation might occur to a greater extent in the presence of additional risk factors. If this were the case, endogenous thrombin levels might be a potential biomarker candidate to identify women at high thrombotic risk during OC treatment. Large-scale studies are required to assess the value of plasma levels of thrombin as predictors of OC-associated thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Schröder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln/Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shorena Sukhitashvili
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Welz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln/Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walther C. Kuhn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln/Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Rudlowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln/Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Rühl H, Müller J, Wäschenbach J, Oldenburg J, Dewald O, Pötzsch B. Short-term venous stasis induces fibrinolytic activation but not thrombin formation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:1260-70. [PMID: 25069814 DOI: 10.5551/jat.24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Venous stasis is a well-known risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolism. It is likely that stasis increases the risk of thrombosis by inducing hypercoagulability via the hypoxic procoagulant activation of endothelial and mononuclear cells and the accumulation of activated clotting factors. However, increased rates of thrombin formation have not been demonstrated in response to venous stasis in vivo. METHODS In this study, we used the venous occlusion (VO) test to determine, if stasis triggers thrombin formation in healthy individuals (n=25) and patients with additional thrombotic risk factors, such as inherited thrombophilia (n=19) and symptomatic atherosclerosis (n=15). Thrombin formation was monitored by measuring plasma levels of free thrombin using a highly sensitive oligonucleotide enzyme capture assay (OECA) in addition to the plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin-complexes (TAT). The plasma levels of activated protein C (APC) were additionally measured using an APC-OECA. RESULTS VO induced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasmin-α2-antiplasmin-complexes. In all three cohorts, the majority of samples obtained during VO showed no quantifiable thrombin or APC levels. Consistent with these findings F1+2 and TAT did not change. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that short-term venous stasis induces a profibrinolytic response due to the activation of endothelial cells, but not a prothrombotic response, even in the presence of additional thrombophilic risk factors. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that the stasis-induced profibrinolytic activation of endothelial cells occurs independently from thrombin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn
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Bio-responsive polymer hydrogels homeostatically regulate blood coagulation. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2168. [PMID: 23868446 PMCID: PMC3759053 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-responsive polymer architectures can empower medical therapies by engaging molecular feedback-response mechanisms resembling the homeostatic adaptation of living tissues to varying environmental constraints. Here we show that a blood coagulation-responsive hydrogel system can deliver heparin in amounts triggered by the environmental levels of thrombin, the key enzyme of the coagulation cascade, which—in turn—becomes inactivated due to released heparin. The bio-responsive hydrogel quantitatively quenches blood coagulation over several hours in the presence of pro-coagulant stimuli and during repeated incubation with fresh, non-anticoagulated blood. These features enable the introduced material to provide sustainable, autoregulated anticoagulation, addressing a key challenge of many medical therapies. Beyond that, the explored concept may facilitate the development of materials that allow the effective and controlled application of drugs and biomolecules. Implementing biomolecular recognition mechanisms in synthetic materials may enable a wealth of biomedical and related applications. Here Maitz et al. present a bio-responsive hydrogel that releases the anticoagulant heparin in amounts proportional to the environmental levels of the procoagulatory protein thrombin.
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Päkkilä H, Blom S, Kopra K, Soukka T. Aptamer-directed lanthanide chelate self-assembly for rapid thrombin detection. Analyst 2014; 138:5107-12. [PMID: 23807946 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a sensitive assay method for homogeneous thrombin detection. The method is based on lanthanide chelate complementation, where the luminescent complex is split into two separate label moieties, which are intrinsically non-luminescent. A luminescent mixed chelate complex is formed only when the label moieties are brought into close proximity directed by two separate binding events of aptamers to the analyte. This results in high specificity in signal generation while time-resolved fluorescence detection eliminates the short lifetime autofluorescence, which is inherent to many homogeneous assays and limits their applicability. The developed method is also very rapid as the maximum signal is obtained in just five minutes. Lanthanide chelate complementation can be applied for the detection of other proteins when two binders recognizing separate epitopes of the analyte are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Päkkilä
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A 6th floor, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Krajewski S, Krauss S, Kurz J, Neumann B, Schlensak C, Wendel HP. Real-time measurement of free thrombin: evaluation of the usability of a new thrombin assay for coagulation monitoring during extracorporeal circulation. Thromb Res 2013; 133:455-63. [PMID: 24359968 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients undergoing cardiac surgery with heart-lung machine support, adequate anticoagulation to mitigate blood clotting caused by the artificial surfaces of the extracorporeal circulation (ECC) system is essential. These patients routinely receive heparin, whose effectiveness is monitored by measurements of the activated clotting time (ACT). However, ACT values only poorly correlate with the actual hemostatic status. The aim of our study was to evaluate the detection of free thrombin in heparinized human blood as a monitor of anticoagulation during ECC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human whole blood was anticoagulated with different concentrations of heparin (0.75, 1, 2 or 3 IU/ml) and circulated in the Chandler-loop model for up to 240 min at 37 °C. Next to ACT, ECC-mediated changes in free active thrombin, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin-III (TAT) levels were measured before and during circulation. Platelet activation and cell count parameters were further investigated. RESULTS Our study shows that detection of ECC-mediated changes in free thrombin is possible in blood anticoagulated with 0.75 or 1 IU/ml heparin, whereas no thrombin was detectable at higher heparin concentrations. Thrombin generation during 240 min of ECC is comparable to F 1+2 and TAT plasma levels during ECC. CONCLUSIONS Thrombin is the key enzyme in the coagulation cascade and hence represents a promising marker for monitoring the coagulation status of patients. Although detection of free thrombin was not feasible at high heparin concentrations, the employed test represents an additional test to current laboratory methods investigating blood coagulation at low heparin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Krajewski
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen Germany.
| | - Sabrina Krauss
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen Germany
| | - Julia Kurz
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen Germany
| | - Bernd Neumann
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen Germany
| | - Hans P Wendel
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen Germany
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Xu Z, Huang X, Dong C, Ren J. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles, and its application to an aptamer-based homogeneous thrombin assay. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Chen FY, Wang Z, Li P, Lian HZ, Chen HY. Aptamer-based thrombin assay on microfluidic platform. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3260-6. [PMID: 24127412 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A facile and sensitive aptamer-based protocol has been developed for protein assay on microfluidic platform with fluorescence detection using an off-chip microarray scanner. Aptamer-functionalized magnetic beads were used to capture thrombin that binds to a second aptamer fluorescently labeled by Cy3. Experimental conditions, such as incubation time and temperature, washing time, interfering proteins, and aptamer, etc., were optimized for the microchip method. This work demonstrated there was a good relationship between fluorescence intensity and thrombin concentration in the range of 65-1000 ng/mL with the RSD less than 8%. Notably, an analysis only needs 1 μL volume of sample injection and this system can capture extremely tiny amount thrombin (0.4 fmol). This method has been successfully applied to assay of thrombin in human serum with the recovery of 79.74-95.94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Bedini E, Forte G, De Castro C, Parrilli M, Dalla Cort A. A Route to Oligosaccharide-Appended Salicylaldehydes: Useful Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Metal–Salophen Complexes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7962-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario
Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 4
− 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Forte
- Dipartimento di Chimica and
IMC-CNR, Università La Sapienza,
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario
Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 4
− 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario
Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 4
− 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Dalla Cort
- Dipartimento di Chimica and
IMC-CNR, Università La Sapienza,
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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48
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Günter Mayer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Günter Mayer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Zhao Q, Gao J. An affinity capture involved enzymatic assay for thrombin by using peptide aptamers as affinity ligands on magnetic beads. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7720-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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