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Mohamadpour F, Amani AM. Photocatalytic systems: reactions, mechanism, and applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20609-20645. [PMID: 38952944 PMCID: PMC11215501 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic field revolves around the utilization of photon energy to initiate various chemical reactions using non-adsorbing substrates, through processes such as single electron transfer, energy transfer, or atom transfer. The efficiency of this field depends on the capacity of a light-absorbing metal complex, organic molecule, or substance (commonly referred to as photocatalysts or PCs) to execute these processes. Photoredox techniques utilize photocatalysts, which possess the essential characteristic of functioning as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent upon activation. In addition, it is commonly observed that photocatalysts exhibit optimal performance when irradiated with low-energy light sources, while still retaining their catalytic activity under ambient temperatures. The implementation of photoredox catalysis has resuscitated an array of synthesis realms, including but not limited to radical chemistry and photochemistry, ultimately affording prospects for the development of the reactions. Also, photoredox catalysis is utilized to resolve numerous challenges encountered in medicinal chemistry, as well as natural product synthesis. Moreover, its applications extend across diverse domains encompassing organic chemistry and catalysis. The significance of photoredox catalysts is rooted in their utilization across various fields, including biomedicine, environmental pollution management, and water purification. Of course, recently, research has evaluated photocatalysts in terms of cost, recyclability, and pollution of some photocatalysts and dyes from an environmental point of view. According to these new studies, there is a need for critical studies and reviews on photocatalysts and photocatalytic processes to provide a solution to reduce these limitations. As a future perspective for research on photocatalysts, it is necessary to put the goals of researchers on studies to overcome the limitations of the application and efficiency of photocatalysts to promote their use on a large scale for the development of industrial activities. Given the significant implications of the subject matter, this review seeks to delve into the fundamental tenets of the photocatalyst domain and its associated practical use cases. This review endeavors to demonstrate the prospective of a powerful tool known as photochemical catalysis and elucidate its underlying tenets. Additionally, another goal of this review is to expound upon the various applications of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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2
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Shukla G, Singh M, Singh S, Singh MS. Iridium(III)-catalyzed photoredox cross-coupling of alkyl bromides with trialkyl amines: access to α-alkylated aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38686503 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross coupling approach based on an iridium-photocatalytic radical process has been developed enabling the synthesis of various α-alkylated aldehydes from easily available/synthesized alkyl bromides and trialkyl amines under mild photocatalytic conditions. The synthesized aldehydes are also explored as a functional handle for various useful products such as carboxylic acid, alcohol and N-heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-211005, India.
| | - Malkeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-211005, India.
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-211005, India.
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-211005, India.
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3
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Jiang Y, Liu D, Zhang L, Qin C, Li H, Yang H, Walsh PJ, Yang X. Efficient construction of functionalized pyrroloindolines through cascade radical cyclization/intermolecular coupling. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2205-2210. [PMID: 38332810 PMCID: PMC10848758 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloindolines are important structural units in nature and the pharmaceutical industry, however, most approaches to such structures involve transition-metal or photoredox catalysts. Herein, we describe the first tandem SET/radical cyclization/intermolecular coupling between 2-azaallyl anions and indole acetamides. This method enables the transition-metal-free synthesis of C3a-substituted pyrroloindolines under mild and convenient conditions. The synthetic utility of this transformation is demonstrated by the construction of an array of C3a-methylamine pyrroloindolines with good functional group tolerance and yields. Gram-scale sequential one-pot synthesis and hydrolysis reactions demonstrate the potential synthetic utility and scalability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Lening Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Cuirong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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4
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Ren H, Wang RA, Shi J, Song JR, Wu W, Chi Q, Zhang N. Electrochemical bromocyclization enables 3,5-diversification of heterocyclic indolines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7290-7294. [PMID: 37650516 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic bromocyclization reactions are widely used as key steps in the synthesis of diverse functionalized tetrahydrofuroindolines and hexahydropyrroloindolines. However, the direct dibromination variants of these reactions for the synthesis of 3,5-dibromoindolines remain undeveloped. Here, we report a protonic-acid-promoted electrooxidative protocol for the dearomative C3,C5-dibromocyclizations of tryptophol and tryptamine derivatives. This electrosynthetic approach, which enables direct selective construction of heterocyclic 3a,5a-dibromoindolines with inexpensive, non-hazardous NaBr as both the electrolyte and Br source, provides a convenient, practical method for the late-stage 3,5-diversification of heterocyclic indolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Rui-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
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5
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Walker KL, Loach RP, Movassaghi M. Total synthesis of complex 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:159-206. [PMID: 37716796 PMCID: PMC10955524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motif is present in many biologically relevant, complex natural products. The cyclodipeptide substructure offers structural rigidity and stability to proteolysis that makes these compounds promising candidates for medical applications. Due to their fascinating molecular architecture, synthetic organic chemists have focused significant effort on the total synthesis of these compounds. This review covers many such efforts on the total synthesis of DKP containing complex alkaloid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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6
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Silalai P, Saeeng R. Divergent Synthesis of 3-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-1 H-indoles, Symmetric and Unsymmetric Bis(Indolyl)Methanes (BIMs) through Photocatalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling/Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4052-4065. [PMID: 36881574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the acid-controlled divergent synthesis of 3-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-indoles and symmetric and unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) through photocatalyzed decarboxylative coupling and Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, respectively. The protocol involves C-H functionalization, switching formation of two products, room-temperature conditions, low photocatalyst loadings, without strong oxidant, and moderate to excellent yields. This method has been applied for the synthesis of natural product vibrindole A and 1,1-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-phenylethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patamawadee Silalai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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7
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Modern Photocatalytic Strategies in Natural Product Synthesis. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 120:1-104. [PMID: 36587307 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11783-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern photocatalysis has proven its generality for the development and functionalization of native functionalities. To date, the field has found broad applications in diverse research areas, including the total synthesis of natural products. This contribution covers recent reports of total syntheses involving as a key step a photocatalytic reaction. Among the selected examples, the photocatalytic processes proceed in a highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective manner, thereby allowing the rapid access to structurally complex architectures under light-driven conditions.
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8
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Xie C, Kim J, Mai BK, Cao S, Ye R, Wang XY, Liu P, Kwon O. Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Oxindoles: Desymmetrizing Staudinger-Aza-Wittig Reaction Enabled by a Bespoke HypPhos Oxide Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21318-21327. [PMID: 36375169 PMCID: PMC10746329 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a catalytic asymmetric Staudinger-aza-Wittig reaction of (o-azidoaryl)malonates, allowing access to chiral quaternary oxindoles through phosphine oxide catalysis. We designed a novel HypPhos oxide catalyst to enable the desymmetrizing Staudinger-aza-Wittig reaction through the PIII/PV═O redox cycle in the presence of a silane reductant and an IrI-based Lewis acid. The reaction occurs under mild conditions, with good functional group tolerance, a wide substrate scope, and excellent enantioselectivity. Density functional theory revealed that the enantioselectivity in the desymmetrizing reaction arose from the cooperative effects of the IrI species and the HypPhos catalyst. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by the (formal) syntheses of seven alkaloid targets: (-)-gliocladin C, (-)-coerulescine, (-)-horsfiline, (+)-deoxyeseroline, (+)-esermethole, (+)-physostigmine, and (+)-physovenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jacob Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Shixuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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9
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Ligand enabled none-oxidative decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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10
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Luguera Ruiz A, La Mantia M, Merli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Alkyl Radical Generation via C–C Bond Cleavage in 2-Substituted Oxazolidines. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12469-12476. [PMID: 36249874 PMCID: PMC9552967 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There is an urgent need to develop uncharged radical
precursors
to be activated under mild photocatalyzed conditions. 2-Substituted-1,3-oxazolidines
(Eox < 1.3 V vs SCE, smoothly prepared
from the corresponding aldehydes) have been herein employed for the
successful release of tertiary, α-oxy, and α-amido radicals
under photo-organo redox catalysis. The reaction relies on the unprecedented
C–C cleavage occurring from the radical cation of these heterocyclic
derivatives. Such a protocol is applied to the visible-light-driven
conjugate radical addition onto Michael acceptors and vinyl (hetero)arenes
under mild metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Luguera Ruiz
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta La Mantia
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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11
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Beletskaya IP, Ananikov VP. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–S, C–Se, and C–Te Bond Formations via Cross-Coupling and Atom-Economic Addition Reactions. Achievements and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16110-16293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Jin S, Zhao X, Ma D. Divergent Total Syntheses of Napelline-Type C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids: (-)-Napelline, (+)-Dehydronapelline, (-)-Songorine, (-)-Songoramine, (-)-Acoapetaldine D, and (-)-Liangshanone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15355-15362. [PMID: 35948501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The napelline-type alkaloids possess an azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety and an ent-kaurane-type tetracyclic skeleton (6/6/6/5) along with varied oxidation patterns embedded in the compact hexacyclic framework. Herein, we disclose a divergent entry to napelline-type alkaloids that hinges on convergent assembly of the ent-kaurane core using a diastereoselective intermolecular Cu-mediated conjugate addition and subsequent intramolecular Michael addition reaction as well as rapid construction of the azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif via an intramolecular Mannich cyclization. The power of this strategy has been demonstrated through efficient asymmetric total syntheses of eight napelline-type alkaloids, including (-)-napelline, (-)-12-epi-napelline, (+)-dehydronapelline, (+)-12-epi-dehydronapelline, (-)-songorine, (-)-songoramine, (-)-acoapetaldine D, and (-)-liangshanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Shaum JB, Nikolaev A, Steffens HC, Gonzalez L, Walker S, Samoshin AV, Hammersley G, La EH, Read de Alaniz J. Copper-Mediated Single-Electron Approach to Indoline Amination: Scope, Mechanism, and Total Synthesis of Asperazine A. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9907-9914. [PMID: 35876810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloindolines bearing a C3-N linkage comprise the core of many biologically active natural products, but many methods toward their synthesis are limited by the sterics or electronics of the product. We report a single electron-based approach for the synthesis of this scaffold and demonstrate high-yielding aminations, regardless of electronic or steric demands. The transformation uses copper wire and isopropanol to promote the reaction. The broad synthetic utility of this heterogeneous copper-catalyzed approach to access pyrroloindolines, diketopiperazine, furoindoline, and (+)-asperazine is included, along with experiments to provide insight into the mechanism of this new process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Shaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrei Nikolaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Helena C Steffens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shamon Walker
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrey V Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Gabrielle Hammersley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ellia H La
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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14
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Trenchs G, Diaba F. Photoredox catalysis in the synthesis of γ- and δ-lactams from N-alkenyl trichloro- and dichloroacetamides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3118-3123. [PMID: 35333274 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first blue light-mediated synthesis of γ- and δ-lactams from trichloroacetamides is reported in the presence of fac-Ir(ppy)3. Unlike previous works, these reactions are achieved under an air atmosphere with non-anhydrous solvents and even in water. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the solvent can be the hydrogen donor in the radical process which opens up new insights into these radical transformations and the reaction mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Trenchs
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Faïza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Selaković Ž, Nikolić AM, Ajdačić V, Opsenica IM. Application of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Decarbonylation of Aldehydes in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Života Selaković
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry PO Box 51, Studentski trg 16 11158 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Andrea M. Nikolić
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry PO Box 51, Studentski trg 16 11158 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdačić
- Innovative Centre Faculty of Chemistry, Ltd. Studentski trg 12–16 11158 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Igor M. Opsenica
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry PO Box 51, Studentski trg 16 11158 Belgrade Serbia
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry PO Box 51, Studentski trg 16 11158 Belgrade Serbia
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16
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Chen H, Cui R, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chen H. Synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles via demethylenation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a mild demethylenation for the synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ranran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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17
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Dotson JJ, Garg NK, Garcia-Garibay MA. Evaluation of the photodecarbonylation of crystalline ketones for the installation of reverse prenyl groups on the pyrrolidinoindoline scaffold. Tetrahedron 2021; 76. [PMID: 34898726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report synthetic efforts toward the regiocontrolled installation of the prenyl moiety in debromoflustramine A by the regiospecific photodecarbonylation of a prenyl-substituted ketone. Synthetic approaches to access the plausible photodecarbonylation substrates beginning from tryptamine were evaluated. Initial attempts to synthesize a suitable substrate for photodecarbonylation were hampered by a lack of substrate crystallinity (a prerequisite for solid-state photochemistry). Ultimately, a crystalline substrate could be accessed to attempt the key step by judicious selection of N-substituents. Although the photodecarbonylation did not result in the desired reverse prenylation, this study highlights the troubleshooting and optimization required for crystal phase photochemistry and underscores methods that can be used to control substrate crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Dotson
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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18
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Pitre SP, Overman LE. Strategic Use of Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1717-1751. [PMID: 34232019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of photocatalytic reactions promoted by visible light is leading to a renaissance in the use of photochemistry in the construction of structurally elaborate organic molecules. Because of the rich functionality found in natural products, studies in natural product total synthesis provide useful insights into functional group compatibility of these new photocatalytic methods as well as their impact on synthetic strategy. In this review, we examine total syntheses published through the end of 2020 that employ a visible-light photoredox catalytic step. To assist someone interested in employing the photocatalytic steps discussed, the review is organized largely by the nature of the bond formed in the photocatalytic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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19
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Nailwal Y, Wonanke ADD, Addicoat MA, Pal SK. A Dual-Function Highly Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework for HCl Sensing and Visible-Light Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Nailwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - A. D. Dinga Wonanke
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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20
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Rogge T, Kaplaneris N, Chatani N, Kim J, Chang S, Punji B, Schafer LL, Musaev DG, Wencel-Delord J, Roberts CA, Sarpong R, Wilson ZE, Brimble MA, Johansson MJ, Ackermann L. C–H activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Yao Z, Feng H, Xi H, Xi C, Liu W. CF 3SO 3H-enabled cascade ring-opening/dearomatization of indole derivatives to polycyclic heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4469-4473. [PMID: 33913995 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel dearomatization process to produce fused polycyclic indolines via a CF3SO3H-mediated cascade ring-opening of a β-lactam and hydroaminative cyclization is demonstrated. It provides a new strategy for the synthesis of important polycyclic indoline-2-amine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields, as well as with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, transformation of the product was performed to deliver the corresponding acid, alcohol and amide smoothly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuanjun Xi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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22
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Abstract
Natural products are the most effective source of potential drug leads. The total
synthesis of bioactive natural products plays a crucial role in confirming the hypothetical
complex structure of natural products in the laboratory. The total synthesis of rare bioactive
natural products is one of the great challenges for the organic synthetic community due to
their complex structures, biochemical specificity, and difficult stereochemistry. Subsequently,
the total synthesis is a long process in several cases, and it requires a substantial amount of
time. Microwave irradiation has emerged as a greener tool in organic methodologies to reduce
reaction time from days and hours to minutes and seconds. Moreover, this non-classical
methodology increases product yields and purities, improves reproducibility, modifications of
selectivity, simplification of work-up methods, and reduces unwanted side reactions. Such
beneficial qualities have stimulated this review to cover the application of microwave irradiation in the field of the
total synthesis of bioactive natural products for the first time during the last decade. An overview of the use of microwave
irradiation, natural sources, structures, and biological activities of secondary metabolites is presented elegantly,
focusing on the involvement of at least one or more steps by microwave irradiation as a green technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry (UG & PG Department), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal- 713347, India
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23
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Alvin Tan CX, Mei GJ, Lu Y. Phosphine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Achiral MBH Carbonates with 3,3'-Bisindolines: Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. Org Lett 2021; 23:1787-1792. [PMID: 33615793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of achiral Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates with 3,3'-bisindolines under the catalysis of amino-acid-derived bifunctional phosphines was accomplished. With the AAA approach introduced herein, challenging 3,3'-bisindolines bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter (C3a) have been constructed in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivties. In addition, the synthetic value of this protocol was demonstrated by the facile synthesis of the core skeleton of gliocladin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xiang Alvin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
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24
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Yang Z. Navigating the Pauson-Khand Reaction in Total Syntheses of Complex Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:556-568. [PMID: 33412841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
"Total synthesis endeavors provide wonderful opportunities to discover and invent new synthetic reactions as a means to advance organic synthesis in general. Such discoveries and inventions can occur when the practitioner faces intransigent problems that cannot be solved by known methods and/or when method improvements are desired in terms of elegance, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, practicality, or environmental friendliness" (K. C. Nicolaou et al. from their review in CCS Chem. 2019, 1, 3-37). To date tens of thousands of bioactive compounds have been isolated from plants, microbes, marine invertebrates, and other sources. These chemical structures have been studied by chemists who scanned the breadth of natural diversity toward drug discovery efforts. Drug-likeness of natural products often possesses common features including molecular complexity, protein-binding ability, structural rigidity, and three-dimensionality. Considering certain biologically important natural products are scarce from natural supply, total synthesis may provide an alternative solution to generating these compounds and their derivatives for the purpose of probing their biological functions. Natural products bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters represent a group of biologically important natural entities that are lead compounds in the development of pharmacological agents and biological probes. However, the stereocontrolled introduction of quaternary carbons, with vicinal patterns that substantially expand the complexity of molecular architectures and chemical space in particular, presents distinct challenges because of the high steric repulsion between substituents. Though remarkable advance has been seen for quaternary carbon stereocenter generation, the process remains a daunting challenge given that the formation of highly congested stereocenters increases the difficulty in achieving orbital overlap.In the past two decades, our group has initiated a program to develop synthetic strategies and methods with the aim of advancing the frontiers of the total syntheses of biologically important complex natural products bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. Typical endeavors have involved the use of a Pauson-Khand (PK) reaction as a key step in constructing core structures with all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center(s), with the aid of well-orchestrated thiourea-Co- and thiourea-Pd-catalyzed PK reactions. These methodological advances have enabled us to achieve total syntheses of a series of topologically complex natural products with diverse structural features. These methods will enable the assembly of molecules with improved biological functions and provide tool compounds for elucidation of mechanism of action or identification of potential cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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25
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Takenaga N, Dohi T, China H, Kumar R. Azido, Cyano, and Nitrato Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents in Heterocycle Synthesis. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-sr(k)5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Banerjee A, Panda G. Total synthesis of selected bioactive alkaloids, their structure–function relationships and molecular target interactions: A comparative synthetic analysis of tryptophan originated chiral pool approaches vs other synthons. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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27
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Yuan L, Chen L, Yan X, Gao K, Wang X. Palladium catalyzed reductive Heck coupling and its application in total synthesis of (−)-17-nor-excelsinidine. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7570-7574. [PMID: 35423278 PMCID: PMC8694955 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids, bearing a highly substituted piperidine ring, are a structurally diverse class of bioactive natural products, found in various parts of the world. Herein, we reported the construction of the key piperidine ring via palladium catalyzed reductive Heck coupling with a good syn selective manner, avoiding the usage of stoichiometric, highly toxic, air sensitive and moisture sensitive Ni(COD)2. To further showcase the value of this methodology, we realized the total synthesis of the structurally unique zwitterionic monoterpene indole alkaloid (−)-17-nor-excelsinidine in 9 steps, in which the key ammonium–acetate connection (N4–C16) of (−)-17-nor-excelsinidine was constructed via oxidative coupling in excellent yield and high regioselectivity under NBS/pyridine from the enolate of geissoschizine. 17-nor-Excelsinidine was constructed via oxidative coupling in excellent yield and high regioselectivity under NBS/pyridine from the enolate of geissoschizine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Linrong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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28
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Tang JC, Che JT, Zhang HY, Chen JH, Yang Z. Total Synthesis of (+)-Haperforin G. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19487-19492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun-Chen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin-Teng Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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29
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Hajra S, Roy S, Mondal AS. Co(III)salen Catalyzed Enantioselective C3‐Indolylation of Spiro‐Epoxyoxindoles and Its Mechanistic Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Center of Biomedical Research Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
| | - Sayan Roy
- Center of Biomedical Research Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
| | - Ananda Shankar Mondal
- Center of Biomedical Research Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
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30
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Talukdar R. Tracking down the brominated single electron oxidants in recent organic red-ox transformations: photolysis and photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8294-8345. [PMID: 33020775 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of organic and inorganic brominated compounds including molecular bromine have been extensively used as oxidants in many organic photo-redox transformations in recent years, an area of ever growing interest because of greener and milder approaches. The oxidation power of these compounds is utilized through both mechanistic pathways (by hydrogen atom transfer or HAT in the absence of a photocatalyst and a combination of single electron transfer or SET and/or HAT in the presence of a photocatalyst). Not only as terminal oxidants for regeneration of photocatalysts, but brominated reactants have also contributed to the oxidation of the reaction intermediate(s) to carry on the radical chain process in several reactions. Here in this review mainly the non-brominative oxidative product formations are discussed, carried out since the last two decades, skipping the instances where they acted as terminal oxidants only to regenerate photocatalysts. The reactions are used to generate natural products, pharmaceuticals and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India.
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31
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Liu Q, Wang R, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Visible‐Light‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions of α‐Chlorocarbonyls and Enol Acetates. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui‐Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Xiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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32
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Cordero-Vargas A, Mateus-Ruiz JB. Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Reactions in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the field of photoredox catalysis (PRC) has grown impressively with reports of new synthetic methodologies and more efficient versions of known free-radical reactions. The impressive success of visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis is, in great part, due to its low environmental impact, mild reaction conditions, clean reactions, and inexpensive methodologies. These features have allowed photoredox catalysis to emerge as a powerful tool in the synthesis of natural products; much excellent work was reported between 2011 and 2015. Since 2016, a number of more efficient and impressive total syntheses of natural products featuring photoredox catalysis have been reported. In this review, we summarize the recent synthetic applications of photoredox catalysis in the total synthesis of natural products between 2016 and 2020.1 Introduction2 Intermolecular Additions from Functionalized Substrates2.1 Intermolecular Additions from Alkyl Halides2.2 Intermolecular Additions from Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids3 Cyclizations from Functionalized Substrates3.1 Cyclizations of Carbon-Centered Radicals3.2 Cyclizations of Nitrogen-Centered Radicals4 Intramolecular Cyclization from Non-functionalized N–H Bonds4.1 Type I Radical Cascade4.2 Type II Radical Cascade4.3 Type III Radical Cascade5 Functionalization of Imines and Enamines6 Cycloadditions7 Miscellaneous7.1 Dehalogenation and Reductive Decarboxylation7.2 Thiyl Radical Promoted Cascade8 Conclusions and Perspectives
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cordero-Vargas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria
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33
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Li L, Fang L, Wu W, Zhu J. Visible-Light-Mediated Intermolecular Radical Conjugate Addition for the Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Centers. Org Lett 2020; 22:5401-5406. [PMID: 32628495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The visible light-driven organophotoredox catalysis is reported for the construction of vicinal quaternary carbon centers. Intermolecular conjugate addition of alkyl radicals, derived from 2,2-disubstituted dihydroquinazolinones, to Michael acceptors under blue light irradiation and rhodamine B catalysis allows the facile assembly of diverse, vicinal secondary/quaternary, tertiary/quaternary, and quaternary/quaternary carbon centers at room temperature. Our method provides a synthetically versatile protocol since both 2,2-disubstituted dihydroquinazolinones and Michael acceptors can be conveniently prepared from readily available ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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34
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Tasdan Y, Mei GJ, Lu Y. Enantioselective synthesis of mixed 3,3'-bisindoles via a phosphine-catalyzed umpolung γ-addition of 3'-indolyl-3-oxindoles to allenoates. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:557-563. [PMID: 36659187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective umpolung γ-addition reaction of 3'-indolyl-3-oxindoles to allenoates catalyzed by amino acid-derived bifunctional phosphine catalysts has been developed. A wide range of chiral mixed 3,3'-bisindole scaffolds containing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. 3,3'-Bisindoles are valuable synthetic intermediates, the employment of which led to formal total syntheses of (+)-Chimonanthine, (+)-Folicanthine and (-)-Calycanthine, as well as facile creation of useful pyrrolidinoindoline core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildiz Tasdan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 359297, China; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
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35
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Pound SM, Underwood SJ, Douglas CJ. Studies towards the total synthesis of drimentine C. Preparation of the AB and CDEF ring fragments. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:2448-2453. [PMID: 33071626 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The drimentine family is a class of hybrid isoprenoids derived from actinomycete bacteria. Members of this family display weak antitumor and antibacterial activity. Herein we report our efforts toward the total synthesis of drimentine C using three distinct approaches incorporating palladium-catalyzed cyanoamidation, reductive cross-coupling, and photoredox-catalyzed α-alkylation of an aldehyde as key steps. Our synthetic efforts use a convergent synthesis to assemble the terpenoid and alkaloid portions of drimentine C from readily available l-tryptophan, l-proline, and (+)-sclareolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Pound
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Steven J Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Christopher J Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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36
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Maity A, Roy A, Das MK, De S, Naskar M, Bisai A. Oxidative cyanation of 2-oxindoles: formal total synthesis of (±)-gliocladin C. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1679-1684. [PMID: 32052001 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient oxidative direct cyanations of 3-alkyl/aryl 2-oxindoles using Cyano-1,2-BenziodoXol-3(1H)-one (CBX) (2a) have been reported under 'transition metal-free' conditions to synthesize a wide variety of 3-cyano 3-alkyl/aryl 2-oxindoles sharing an all-carbon quaternary center under additive-free conditions. The application of this process is shown by the formal total synthesis of (±)-gliocladin C (11c) in a few steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Avishek Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Mrinal Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Subhadip De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Malay Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India. and Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia - 741 246, West Bengal, India.
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Thakur A, Singh A, Kaur N, Ojha R, Nepali K. Steering the antitumor drug discovery campaign towards structurally diverse indolines. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wu J, Abou-Hamdan H, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Electrochemical synthesis of 3a-bromofuranoindolines and 3a-bromopyrroloindolines mediated by MgBr2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1713-1716. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical approach to perform the bromo cyclization of tryptophol, tryptamine and tryptophan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO)
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Hussein Abou-Hamdan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO)
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO)
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO)
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO)
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- 91405 Orsay
- France
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39
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Kang Z, Zhang D, Xu X, Hu W. Privilege-Structure-Oriented Three-Component Asymmetric Aminomethylation: Assembly of Chiral 3-Aminomethyl Indolones. Org Lett 2019; 21:9878-9883. [PMID: 31793792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric aminomethylation reaction of 3-diazooxindoles with electronic-rich arenes and N,O-acetals cooperatively catalyzed by achiral dirhodium complex and chiral phosphoric acid is reported. The reaction provides a novel method for the facile synthesis of chiral 3-aminomethyl oxindoles with an all-carbon quaternary center in good yields (82-98%) with high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The transformation proceeds through a convergent addition of a reactive zwitterionic intermediate with a chiral methylene iminium generated in situ via asymmetric counteranion-directed catalysis (ACDC). This work represents the first asymmetric aminomethylation method of mixed 3,3'-bisindoles with structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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40
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Ren X, Lu Z. Visible light promoted difunctionalization reactions of alkynes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Hakamata H, Ueda H, Tokuyama H. Construction of Indole Structure on Pyrroloindolines via AgNTf 2-Mediated Amination/Cyclization Cascade: Application to Total Synthesis of (+)-Pestalazine B. Org Lett 2019; 21:4205-4209. [PMID: 31117711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An N-linked indole structure was constructed on the 3a-position of pyrroloindoline derivatives via a cascade process involving silver-mediated amination of bromopyrroloindolines with 2-ethynylanilines with subsequent 5- endo-dig cyclization. In this reaction, AgNTf2 was used as a tandem reagent, which activated the bromo group as a σ-Lewis acid and the alkyne moiety as a π-Lewis acid. Switching from the initial step to the second step was conducted by controlling the temperature. This protocol was applied to the synthesis of various pyrroloindolines, α-carboline, and furoindolines and the total synthesis of a dimeric indole alkaloid, (+)-pestalazine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hakamata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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42
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Beyond Friedel and Crafts: Innate Alkylation of C−H Bonds in Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7558-7598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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43
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Richter SC, Oestreich M. Bioinspired Metal‐Free Formal Decarbonylation of α‐Branched Aliphatic Aldehydes at Ambient Temperature. Chemistry 2019; 25:8508-8512. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven C. Richter
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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44
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45
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Jenseits von Friedel und Crafts: immanente Alkylierung von C‐H‐Bindungen in Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
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46
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47
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Xu J, Liu N, Zou L, Cheng F, Shen X, Liu T, Lv H, Khan R, Fan B. Visible-Light Driven Hydrolysis of Benzyl Halides with Water for Preparation of Benzyl Alcohols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Xu
- Yunnan Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials Pollution Control Research Center; Qujing Normal University; Qujing 655011 China
| | - Na Liu
- Yunnan Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials Pollution Control Research Center; Qujing Normal University; Qujing 655011 China
| | - Lingling Zou
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine/Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources; Yunnan Minzu University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- Yunnan Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials Pollution Control Research Center; Qujing Normal University; Qujing 655011 China
| | - Xianfu Shen
- Yunnan Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials Pollution Control Research Center; Qujing Normal University; Qujing 655011 China
| | - Teng Liu
- Yunnan Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials Pollution Control Research Center; Qujing Normal University; Qujing 655011 China
| | - Haiping Lv
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine/Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources; Yunnan Minzu University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Ruhima Khan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine/Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources; Yunnan Minzu University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Baomin Fan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine/Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources; Yunnan Minzu University; Kunming 650500 China
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48
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Festa AA, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Visible light-mediated chemistry of indoles and related heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4401-4423. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of visible light-promoted chemistry on the functionalization of indoles and related heterocycles is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Festa
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
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49
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Lin Y, Ye J, Zhang W, Gao Y, Chen H. Catalytic Oxidative Coupling Cyclization for Construction of Benzofuroindolenines under Mild Reaction Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Lin
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University, Fuzhou Fujian 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University, Fuzhou Fujian 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University, Fuzhou Fujian 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University, Fuzhou Fujian 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University, Fuzhou Fujian 350116 People's Republic of China
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50
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Romero KJ, Galliher MS, Pratt DA, Stephenson CRJ. Radicals in natural product synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7851-7866. [PMID: 30101272 PMCID: PMC6205920 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Free radical intermediates have intrigued chemists since their discovery, and an ever-increasing appreciation for their unique reactivity has resulted in the widespread utilization of these species throughout the field of chemical synthesis. This is most evident from the recent surge in the application of intermolecular radical reactions that feature in complex molecule syntheses. This tutorial review will discuss the diverse methods utilized for radical generation and reactivity to form critical bonds in natural product total synthesis. In particular, stabilized (e.g. benzyl) and persistent (e.g. TEMPO) radicals will be the primary focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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