1
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Yang Y, Song Z, Tian T, Zhao Z, Chen J, Hu J, Jiang X, Yang G, Xue Q, Zhao X, Sha W, Yang Y, Li JP. Trimming Crystallizable Fragment (Fc) Glycans Enables the Direct Enzymatic Transfer of Biomacromolecules to Antibodies as Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308174. [PMID: 37438983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycoengineering has provided powerful tools to construct site-specific antibody conjugates. However, only small-molecule payloads can be directly transferred to native or engineered antibodies using existing glycoengineering strategies. Herein, we demonstrate that reducing the complexity of crystallizable fragment (Fc) glycans could dramatically boost the chemoenzymatic modification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) via an engineered fucosyltransferase. In this platform, antibodies with Fc glycans engineered to a simple N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) disaccharide are successfully conjugated to biomacromolecules, such as oligonucleotides and nanobodies, in a single step within hours. Accordingly, we synthesized an antibody-conjugate-based anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/ cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) bispecific antibody and used it to selectively destroy patient-derived cancer organoids by reactivating endogenous T lymphocyte cells (T cells) inside the organoid. Our results highlight that this platform is a general approach to construct antibody-biomacromolecule conjugates with translational values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhentao Song
- Glyco therapy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 601/606 Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha street, Qiantang Distirct, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Glyco therapy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 601/606 Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha street, Qiantang Distirct, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiangping Hu
- Glyco therapy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 601/606 Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha street, Qiantang Distirct, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Glyco therapy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 601/606 Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha street, Qiantang Distirct, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Glyco therapy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 601/606 Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha street, Qiantang Distirct, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xinlu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wanxing Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Glyco therapy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 601/606 Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha street, Qiantang Distirct, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jie P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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2
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Jeon J, Subramani SV, Lee KZ, Jiang B, Zhang F. Microbial Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight, Highly Repetitive Protein Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6416. [PMID: 37047388 PMCID: PMC10094428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High molecular weight (MW), highly repetitive protein polymers are attractive candidates to replace petroleum-derived materials as these protein-based materials (PBMs) are renewable, biodegradable, and have outstanding mechanical properties. However, their high MW and highly repetitive sequence features make them difficult to synthesize in fast-growing microbial cells in sufficient amounts for real applications. To overcome this challenge, various methods were developed to synthesize repetitive PBMs. Here, we review recent strategies in the construction of repetitive genes, expression of repetitive proteins from circular mRNAs, and synthesis of repetitive proteins by ligation and protein polymerization. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and highlight future directions that will lead to scalable production of highly repetitive PBMs for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juya Jeon
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.J.); (S.V.S.); (K.Z.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Shri Venkatesh Subramani
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.J.); (S.V.S.); (K.Z.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Kok Zhi Lee
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.J.); (S.V.S.); (K.Z.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Bojing Jiang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.J.); (S.V.S.); (K.Z.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Fuzhong Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.J.); (S.V.S.); (K.Z.L.); (B.J.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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3
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Schnepel C, Moritzer A, Gäfe S, Montua N, Minges H, Nieß A, Niemann HH, Sewald N. Enzymatic Late-Stage Halogenation of Peptides. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200569. [PMID: 36259362 PMCID: PMC10099709 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The late-stage site-selective derivatisation of peptides has many potential applications in structure-activity relationship studies and postsynthetic modification or conjugation of bioactive compounds. The development of orthogonal methods for C-H functionalisation is crucial for such peptide derivatisation. Among them, biocatalytic methods are increasingly attracting attention. Tryptophan halogenases emerged as valuable catalysts to functionalise tryptophan (Trp), while direct enzyme-catalysed halogenation of synthetic peptides is yet unprecedented. Here, it is reported that the Trp 6-halogenase Thal accepts a wide range of amides and peptides containing a Trp moiety. Increasing the sequence length and reaction optimisation made bromination of pentapeptides feasible with good turnovers and a broad sequence scope, while regioselectivity turned out to be sequence dependent. Comparison of X-ray single crystal structures of Thal in complex with d-Trp and a dipeptide revealed a significantly altered binding mode for the peptide. The viability of this bioorthogonal approach was exemplified by halogenation of a cyclic RGD peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnepel
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
- Present address: Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Ann‐Christin Moritzer
- StrukturbiochemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Simon Gäfe
- StrukturbiochemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Nicolai Montua
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hannah Minges
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Anke Nieß
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hartmut H. Niemann
- StrukturbiochemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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4
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Taylor RJ, Geeson MB, Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Chemical and Enzymatic Methods for Post-Translational Protein-Protein Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14404-14419. [PMID: 35912579 PMCID: PMC9389620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusion proteins play an essential role in the biosciences but suffer from several key limitations, including the requirement for N-to-C terminal ligation, incompatibility of constituent domains, incorrect folding, and loss of biological activity. This perspective focuses on chemical and enzymatic approaches for the post-translational generation of well-defined protein-protein conjugates, which overcome some of the limitations faced by traditional fusion techniques. Methods discussed range from chemical modification of nucleophilic canonical amino acid residues to incorporation of unnatural amino acid residues and a range of enzymatic methods, including sortase-mediated ligation. Through summarizing the progress in this rapidly growing field, the key successes and challenges associated with using chemical and enzymatic approaches are highlighted and areas requiring further development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Geeson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Monterrey DT, Ayuso-Fernández I, Oroz-Guinea I, García-Junceda E. Design and biocatalytic applications of genetically fused multifunctional enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108016. [PMID: 35781046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fusion proteins, understood as those created by joining two or more genes that originally encoded independent proteins, have numerous applications in biotechnology, from analytical methods to metabolic engineering. The use of fusion enzymes in biocatalysis may be even more interesting due to the physical connection of enzymes catalyzing successive reactions into covalently linked complexes. The proximity of the active sites of two enzymes in multi-enzyme complexes can make a significant contribution to the catalytic efficiency of the reaction. However, the physical proximity of the active sites does not guarantee this result. Other aspects, such as the nature and length of the linker used for the fusion or the order in which the enzymes are fused, must be considered and optimized to achieve the expected increase in catalytic efficiency. In this review, we will relate the new advances in the design, creation, and use of fused enzymes with those achieved in biocatalysis over the past 20 years. Thus, we will discuss some examples of genetically fused enzymes and their application in carbon‑carbon bond formation and oxidative reactions, generation of chiral amines, synthesis of carbohydrates, biodegradation of plant biomass and plastics, and in the preparation of other high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianelis T Monterrey
- Departamento de Química Bioorgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iván Ayuso-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Bioorgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Oroz-Guinea
- Departamento de Química Bioorgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo García-Junceda
- Departamento de Química Bioorgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Angelastro A, Barkhanskiy A, Mattey AP, Pallister EG, Spiess R, Goundry W, Barran P, Flitsch SL. Galactose Oxidase Enables Modular Assembly of Conjugates from Native Antibodies with High Drug-to-Antibody Ratios. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102592. [PMID: 34931761 PMCID: PMC9303943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of antibody conjugates with high drug loading in anticancer therapy has recently been highlighted by the approval of Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Sacituzumab govitecan. These biopharmaceutical approaches have spurred interest in bioconjugation strategies with high and defined degrees of drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), in particular on native antibodies. Here, a glycoengineering methodology was developed to generate antibody drug conjugates with DAR of up to eight, by combining highly selective enzymatic galactosylation and oxidation with biorthogonal tandem Knoevenagel-Michael addition chemistry. This four-step approach offers a selective route to conjugates from native antibodies with high drug loading, and thus illustrates how biocatalysis can be used for the generation of biopharmaceuticals using mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Angelastro
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
| | - Alexey Barkhanskiy
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
| | - Ashley P. Mattey
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
| | - Edward G. Pallister
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
| | - Reynard Spiess
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
| | - William Goundry
- The Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesAstraZenecaSilk Road Business ParkMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | - Perdita Barran
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DN
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7
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Stump B. Click Bioconjugation - Modifying Proteins using Click-Like Chemistry. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200016. [PMID: 35491526 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is dealing with the chemical modification of proteins. The reactions used exploit either the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the biomolecule or introduce functionalities that can then be subsequently reacted without interfering with other functional groups of the biological entity. Perfectly selective, high yielding chemical transformations are needed that can be run in aqueous environment at mild pH conditions. Requirements that have an obvious overlap with the definition of click chemistry. This review shows a selection of successfully applied click-type reactions in bioconjugation as well as some recent developments to broaden the chemical toolbox to meet the challenge of a selective, bioorthogonal modification of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Stump
- Lonza AG: Lonza Ltd, Bioconjugates, Rottenstr, 3930, Visp, SWITZERLAND
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8
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Sapozhnikova KA, Misyurin AV, Pestov NB, Meleshkina EG, Oreshkov SD, Ganzhula EP, Mikhailova AS, Korshun VA, Misyurin VA, Brylev VA. Detection of the PRAME Protein on the Surface of Melanoma Cells Using a Fluorescently Labeled Monoclonal Antibody. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Cao YJ, Yu C, Wu KL, Wang X, Liu D, Tian Z, Zhao L, Qi X, Loredo A, Chung A, Xiao H. Synthesis of precision antibody conjugates using proximity-induced chemistry. Theranostics 2021; 11:9107-9117. [PMID: 34522229 PMCID: PMC8419051 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Therapeutic antibody conjugates allow for the specific delivery of cytotoxic agents or immune cells to tumors, thus enhancing the antitumor activity of these agents and minimizing adverse systemic effects. Most current antibody conjugates are prepared by nonspecific modification of antibody cysteine or lysine residues, inevitably resulting in the generation of heterogeneous conjugates with limited therapeutic efficacies. Traditional strategies to prepare homogeneous antibody conjugates require antibody engineering or chemical/enzymatic treatments, processes that often affect antibody folding and stability, as well as yield and cost. Developing a simple and cost-effective way to precisely couple functional payloads to native antibodies is of great importance. Methods: We describe a simple proximity-induced antibody conjugation method (pClick) that enables the synthesis of homogeneous antibody conjugates from native antibodies without requiring additional antibody engineering or post-synthesis treatments. A proximity-activated crosslinker is introduced into a chemically synthesized affinity peptide modified with a bioorthogonal handle. Upon binding to a specific antibody site, the affinity peptide covalently attaches to the antibody via spontaneous crosslinking, yielding an antibody molecule ready for bioorthogonal conjugation with payloads. Results: We have prepared well-defined antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific small molecule-antibody conjugates using pClick technology. The resulting conjugates exhibit excellent in vitro cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and, in the case of bispecific conjugates, superb antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. Conclusions: Our pClick technology enables efficient, simple, and site-specific conjugation of various moieties to the existing native antibodies. This technology does not require antibody engineering or additional UV/chemical/enzymatic treatments, therefore providing a general, convenient strategy for developing novel antibody conjugates.
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10
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Abstract
Antibodies, particularly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, are a group of biomolecules that are extensively used as affinity reagents for many applications in research, disease diagnostics, and therapy. Most of these applications require antibodies to be modified with specific functional moieties, including fluorophores, drugs, and proteins. Thus, a variety of methodologies have been developed for the covalent labeling of antibodies. The most common methods stably attach functional molecules to lysine or cysteine residues, which unavoidably results in heterogeneous products that cannot be further purified. In an effort to prepare homogeneous antibody conjugates, bioorthogonal handles have been site-specifically introduced via enzymatic treatment, genetic code expansion, or genetically encoded tagging, followed by functionalization using bioorthogonal conjugation reactions. The resulting homogeneous products have proven superior to their heterogeneous counterparts for both in vitro and in vivo usage. Nevertheless, additional chemical treatment or protein engineering of antibodies is required for incorporation of the bioorthogonal handles, processes that often affect antibody folding, stability, and/or production yield and cost. Accordingly, concurrent with advances in the fields of bioorthogonal chemistry and protein engineering, there is growing interest in site-specifically labeling native (nonengineered) antibodies without chemical or enzymatic treatments. In this review, we highlight recent strategies for producing site-specific native antibody conjugates and provide a comprehensive summary of the merits and disadvantages of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chenfei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Catherine Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Johnson RL, Blaber HG, Evans T, Worthy HL, Pope JR, Jones DD. Designed Artificial Protein Heterodimers With Coupled Functions Constructed Using Bio-Orthogonal Chemistry. Front Chem 2021; 9:733550. [PMID: 34422774 PMCID: PMC8371201 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.733550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of protein complexes is central to biology, with oligomeric proteins more prevalent than monomers. The coupling of functionally and even structurally distinct protein units can lead to new functional properties not accessible by monomeric proteins alone. While such complexes are driven by evolutionally needs in biology, the ability to link normally functionally and structurally disparate proteins can lead to new emergent properties for use in synthetic biology and the nanosciences. Here we demonstrate how two disparate proteins, the haem binding helical bundle protein cytochrome b 562 and the β-barrel green fluorescent protein can be combined to form a heterodimer linked together by an unnatural triazole linkage. The complex was designed using computational docking approaches to predict compatible interfaces between the two proteins. Models of the complexes where then used to engineer residue coupling sites in each protein to link them together. Genetic code expansion was used to incorporate azide chemistry in cytochrome b 562 and alkyne chemistry in GFP so that a permanent triazole covalent linkage can be made between the two proteins. Two linkage sites with respect to GFP were sampled. Spectral analysis of the new heterodimer revealed that haem binding and fluorescent protein chromophore properties were retained. Functional coupling was confirmed through changes in GFP absorbance and fluorescence, with linkage site determining the extent of communication between the two proteins. We have thus shown here that is possible to design and build heterodimeric proteins that couple structurally and functionally disparate proteins to form a new complex with new functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Johnson
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley G. Blaber
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Evans
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Harley L. Worthy
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob R. Pope
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D. Dafydd Jones
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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Hu Y, Schomaker JM. Recent Developments and Strategies for Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3254-3262. [PMID: 34261195 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several different metal-free bioorthogonal reactions have been developed to enable simultaneous double-click labeling with minimal-to-no competing cross-reactivities; such transformations are termed 'mutually orthogonal'. More recently, several examples of successful triple ligation strategies have also been described. In this minireview, we discuss selected aspects of the development of orthogonal bioorthogonal reactions over the past decade, including general strategies to drive future innovations to achieve simultaneous, mutually orthogonal click reactions in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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13
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14
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Dhanjee HH, Buslov I, Windsor IW, Raines RT, Pentelute BL, Buchwald SL. Palladium-Protein Oxidative Addition Complexes by Amine-Selective Acylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21237-21242. [PMID: 33319995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) are traditionally accessed by treating an aryl halide-containing substrate with a palladium(0) source. Here, a new strategy to selectively prepare stable OACs from amino groups on native proteins is presented. The approach relies on an amine-selective acylation reaction that occurs without modification of a preformed palladium(II)-aryl group. Once transferred onto a protein substrate, the palladium(II)-aryl group facilitates conjugation by undergoing reaction with a second, cysteine-containing protein. This operationally simple method is applicable to native, nonengineered enzymes as well as antibodies and is carried out in an aqueous setting and open to air. The resulting Pd-protein OACs are stable, storable reagents that retain biological activity and can be used to achieve protein-protein cross-coupling at nanomolar concentrations within hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemal H Dhanjee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan Buslov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ian W Windsor
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Janson N, Krüger T, Karsten L, Boschanski M, Dierks T, Müller KM, Sewald N. Bifunctional Reagents for Formylglycine Conjugation: Pitfalls and Breakthroughs. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3580-3593. [PMID: 32767537 PMCID: PMC7756428 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formylglycine-generating enzymes specifically oxidize cysteine within the consensus sequence CxPxR to Cα -formylglycine (FGly). This noncanonical electrophilic amino acid can subsequently be addressed selectively by bioorthogonal hydrazino-iso-Pictet-Spengler (HIPS) or Knoevenagel ligation to attach payloads like fluorophores or drugs to proteins to obtain a defined payload-to-protein ratio. However, the disadvantages of these conjugation techniques include the need for a large excess of conjugation building block, comparably low reaction rates and limited stability of FGly-containing proteins. Therefore, functionalized clickable HIPS and tandem Knoevenagel building blocks were synthesized, conjugated to small proteins (DARPins) and subsequently linked to strained alkyne-containing payloads for protein labeling. This procedure allowed the selective bioconjugation of one or two DBCO-carrying payloads with nearly stoichiometric amounts at low concentrations. Furthermore, an azide-modified tandem Knoevenagel building block enabled the synthesis of branched PEG linkers and the conjugation of two fluorophores, resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio in live-cell fluorescence-imaging experiments targeting the EGF receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Janson
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Tobias Krüger
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Lennard Karsten
- Cellular and Molecular BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Mareile Boschanski
- Faculty of ChemistryBiochemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Faculty of ChemistryBiochemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Kristian M. Müller
- Cellular and Molecular BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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16
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Wang W, Han N, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Shi L, Filmus J, Li F. Assembling custom side chains on proteoglycans to interrogate their function in living cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5915. [PMID: 33219207 PMCID: PMC7679400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are composed of a core protein and one or more chains of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The highly heterogeneous GAG chains play an irreplaceable role in the functions of PGs. However, the lack of an approach to control the exact structure of GAG chains conjugated to PGs tremendously hinders functional studies of PGs. Herein, by using glypican-3 as a model, we establish an aldehyde tag-based approach to assemble PGs with specific GAG chains on the surface of living cells. We show that the engineered glypican-3 can regulate Wnt and Hedgehog signaling like the wild type. Furthermore, we also present a method for studying the interaction of PGs with their target glycoproteins by combining the assembly of PGs carrying specific GAG chains with metabolic glycan labeling, and most importantly, we obtain evidence of GPC3 directly interacting with Frizzled. In conclusion, this study provides a very useful platform for structural and functional studies of PGs with specific GAG chains. Currently, it is not possible to generate proteoglycans displaying glycosaminoglycan chains with specific structures. Here the authors show that by using an aldehyde tag-based methodology it is possible to insert these specific chains onto proteoglycans expressed on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Police College, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunxue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liran Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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Baumann AL, Schwagerus S, Broi K, Kemnitz-Hassanin K, Stieger CE, Trieloff N, Schmieder P, Hackenberger CPR. Chemically Induced Vinylphosphonothiolate Electrophiles for Thiol–Thiol Bioconjugations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9544-9552. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Baumann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Schwagerus
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Broi
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Kemnitz-Hassanin
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian E. Stieger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Trieloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Verma NK, Mondal D, Bera S. Pharmacological and Cellular Significance of Triazole-Surrogated Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
:
Heterocyclic compounds have been at the hierarchy position in academia, and
industrial arena, particularly the compounds containing triazole-core are found to be potent
with a broad range of biological activities. The resistance of triazole ring towards
chemical (acid and base) hydrolysis, oxidative and reductive reaction conditions, metabolic
degradation and its higher aromatic stabilization energy makes it a better heterocyclic
core as therapeutic agents. These triazole-linked compounds are used for clinical purposes
for antifungal, anti-mycobacterium, anticancer, anti-migraine and antidepressant
drugs. Triazole scaffolds are also found to act as a spacer for the sake of covalent attachment
of the high molecular weight bio-macromolecules with an experimental building
blocks to explore structure-function relationships. Herein, several methods and strategies
for the synthesis of compounds with 1,2,3-triazole moiety exploring Hüisgen, Meldal and Sharpless 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition reaction between azide and alkyne derivatives have been deliberated for a series of representative
compounds. Moreover, this review article highlights in-depth applications of the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction
for the advances of triazole-containing antibacterial as well as metabolic labelling agents for the in vitro and in
vivo studies on cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimish Kumar Verma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
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19
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Peng Q, Zang B, Zhao W, Li D, Ren J, Ji F, Jia L. Efficient continuous-flow aldehyde tag conversion using immobilized formylglycine generating enzyme. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized formylglycine generating enzyme for efficient aldehyde tag conversion under continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Berlin Zang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Da Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Fangling Ji
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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20
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Li B, Qin A, Tang BZ. Metal-free polycycloaddition of aldehyde-activated internal diynes and diazides toward post-functionalizable poly(formyl-1,2,3-triazole)s. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free polycycloaddition of aldehyde-activated internal diynes and diazides was successfully established and post-functionalizable poly(formyl-1,2,3-triazole)s were readily produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
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21
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Kamber DN, Nguyen SS, Liu F, Briggs JS, Shih HW, Row RD, Long ZG, Houk KN, Liang Y, Prescher JA. Isomeric triazines exhibit unique profiles of bioorthogonal reactivity. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9109-9114. [PMID: 31908754 PMCID: PMC6910137 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the scope of bioorthogonal reactivity requires access to new and mutually compatible reagents. We report here that 1,2,4-triazines can be tuned to exhibit unique reaction profiles with biocompatible strained alkenes and alkynes. Computational analyses were used to identify candidate orthogonal reactions, and the predictions were experimentally verified. Notably, 5-substituted triazines, unlike their 6-substituted counterparts, undergo rapid [4 + 2] cycloadditions with a sterically encumbered strained alkyne. This unique, sterically controlled reactivity was exploited for dual bioorthogonal labeling. Mutually orthogonal triazines and cycloaddition chemistries will enable new multi-component imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Kamber
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Sean S Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Jeffrey S Briggs
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Hui-Wen Shih
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - R David Row
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Zane G Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA
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22
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Worthy HL, Auhim HS, Jamieson WD, Pope JR, Wall A, Batchelor R, Johnson RL, Watkins DW, Rizkallah P, Castell OK, Jones DD. Positive functional synergy of structurally integrated artificial protein dimers assembled by Click chemistry. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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23
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Krüger T, Weiland S, Boschanski M, Sinha PK, Falck G, Müller KM, Dierks T, Sewald N. Conversion of Serine‐Type Aldehyde Tags by the Radical SAM Protein AtsB from
Methanosarcina mazei. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2074-2078. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krüger
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Stefanie Weiland
- Biochemie IFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mareile Boschanski
- Biochemie IFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Prem Kumar Sinha
- Biochemie IFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Georg Falck
- Zelluläre und Molekulare BiotechnologieTechnische FakultätUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Kristian M. Müller
- Zelluläre und Molekulare BiotechnologieTechnische FakultätUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Biochemie IFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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24
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Chio TI, Gu H, Mukherjee K, Tumey LN, Bane SL. Site-Specific Bioconjugation and Multi-Bioorthogonal Labeling via Rapid Formation of a Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycle. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1554-1564. [PMID: 31026151 PMCID: PMC6585445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of covalent bond formation in the presence of multiple functional groups is pertinent in the development of many next-generation bioconjugates and materials. Strategies derived from bioorthogonal chemistries are contributing greatly in that regard; however, the gain of chemoselectivity is often compromised by the slow rates of many of these existing chemistries. Recent work on a variation of the classical aldehyde/ketone condensation based on ortho-carbonylphenylboronic acids has uncovered markedly accelerated rates compared to those of the simple carbonyl counterparts. The products of these reactions are distinct, often in the form of boron-nitrogen heterocycles. In particular, we have shown that 2-formylphenylboronic acid (2fPBA), when coupled with an α-amino-hydrazide, produces a unique zwitterionic and stable 2,3,1-benzodiazaborine derivative. In this work, we apply this chemistry to generate chemically defined and functional bioconjugates, herein illustrated with immunoconjugates. We show that an antibody and a fluorophore (as payload) equipped with the relevant reactive handles undergo rapid conjugation at near-stoichiometric ratios, displaying a reaction half-life of only ∼5 min with 2 equiv of the linker payload. Importantly, the reaction can be extended to multicomponent labeling by partnering with the popular strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and tetrazine- trans-cyclooctene (Tz-TCO) ligation. The mutual orthogonality to both of these chemistries allows simultaneous triple bioorthogonal conjugations, a rare feat thus far that will widen the scope of various multilabeling applications. Further collaboration with the Tz-TCO reaction enables rapid one-pot synthesis of a site-specific dual-payload antibody conjugate. Altogether, we envision that the 2fPBA-α-amino-hydrazide ligation will facilitate efficient assembly of diverse bioconjugates and materials, enabling access to more complex modalities via partnership with other orthogonal chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Ian Chio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Han Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - L. Nathan Tumey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Susan L. Bane
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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25
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Stengl A, Gerlach M, Kasper MA, Hackenberger CPR, Leonhardt H, Schumacher D, Helma J. TuPPL: Tub-tag mediated C-terminal protein-protein-ligation using complementary click-chemistry handles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4964-4969. [PMID: 30932115 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a chemoenzymatic strategy for straightforward in vitro generation of C-terminally linked fusion proteins. Tubulin tyrosine ligase is used for the incorporation of complementary click chemistry handles facilitating subsequent formation of functional bispecific antibody-fragments. This simple strategy may serve as central conjugation hub for a modular protein ligation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Marc-André Kasper
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Chemical Biology Department, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Chemical Biology Department, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
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26
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Pomplun S, Mohamed MYH, Oelschlaegel T, Wellner C, Bergmann F. Efficient Pictet-Spengler Bioconjugation with N
-Substituted Pyrrolyl Alanine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 82377 Penzberg Germany
- Current address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Department of Chemistry; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank Bergmann
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 82377 Penzberg Germany
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27
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Pomplun S, Mohamed MYH, Oelschlaegel T, Wellner C, Bergmann F. Efficient Pictet-Spengler Bioconjugation with N-Substituted Pyrrolyl Alanine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3542-3547. [PMID: 30653800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We discovered N-pyrrolyl alanine derivatives as efficient reagents for the fast and selective Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehyde-containing biomolecules. Other aldehyde-labeling methods described so far have several drawbacks, like hydrolytic instability, slow reaction kinetics or not readily available labeling reagents. Pictet-Spengler cyclizations of pyrrolyl 2-ethylamine substituted at the pyrrole nitrogen are significantly faster than with analogues substituted at the α- and β- position. Functionalized N-pyrrolyl alanine derivatives can be synthesized in only 2-3 steps from commercially available materials. The small size of the reagent, the high reaction rate, and the easy synthesis make pyrrolyl alanine Pictet-Spengler (PAPS) an attractive choice for bioconjugation reactions. PAPS was shown as an efficient strategy for the site-selective biotinylation of an antibody as well as for the condensation of nucleic-acid derivatives, demonstrating the versatility of this reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany.,Current address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank Bergmann
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
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28
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Yu C, Tang J, Loredo A, Chen Y, Jung SY, Jain A, Gordon A, Xiao H. Proximity-Induced Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3522-3526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Antrix Jain
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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29
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Krüger T, Dierks T, Sewald N. Formylglycine-generating enzymes for site-specific bioconjugation. Biol Chem 2018; 400:289-297. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Site-specific bioconjugation strategies offer many possibilities for directed protein modifications. Among the various enzyme-based conjugation protocols, formylglycine-generating enzymes allow to posttranslationally introduce the amino acid Cα-formylglycine (FGly) into recombinant proteins, starting from cysteine or serine residues within distinct consensus motifs. The aldehyde-bearing FGly-residue displays orthogonal reactivity to all other natural amino acids and can, therefore, be used for site-specific labeling reactions on protein scaffolds. In this review, the state of research on catalytic mechanisms and consensus motifs of different formylglycine-generating enzymes, as well as labeling strategies and applications of FGly-based bioconjugations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krüger
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Biochemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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30
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Mehmood A, Jones SI, Tao P, Janesko BG. An Orbital-Overlap Complement to Ligand and Binding Site Electrostatic Potential Maps. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1836-1846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 South University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Stephanie I. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 South University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Peng Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 South University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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31
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Yoshida S. Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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32
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Lysosomal Targeting Enhancement by Conjugation of Glycopeptides Containing Mannose-6-phosphate Glycans Derived from Glyco-engineered Yeast. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8730. [PMID: 29880804 PMCID: PMC5992200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic enzymes for lysosomal storage diseases require a high content of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) glycan, which is important for cellular uptake and lysosomal targeting. We constructed glyco-engineered yeast harboring a high content of mannosylphosphorylated glycans, which can be converted to M6P glycans by uncapping of the outer mannose residue. In this study, the cell wall of this yeast was employed as a natural M6P glycan source for conjugation to therapeutic enzymes. The extracted cell wall mannoproteins were digested by pronase to generate short glycopeptides, which were further elaborated by uncapping and α(1,2)-mannosidase digestion steps. The resulting glycopeptides containing M6P glycans (M6PgPs) showed proper cellular uptake and lysosome targeting. The purified M6PgPs were successfully conjugated to a recombinant acid α-glucosidase (rGAA), used for the treatment of Pompe disease, by two-step reactions using two hetero-bifunctional crosslinkers. First, rGAA and M6PgPs were modified with crosslinkers containing azide and dibenzocyclooctyne, respectively. In the second reaction using copper-free click chemistry, the azide-functionalized rGAA was conjugated with dibenzocyclooctyne-functionalized M6PgPs without the loss of enzyme activity. The M6PgP-conjugated rGAA had a 16-fold higher content of M6P glycan than rGAA, which resulted in greatly increased cellular uptake and efficient digestion of glycogen accumulated in Pompe disease patient fibroblasts.
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33
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A dimeric form of a small-sized protein binder exhibits enhanced anti-tumor activity through prolonged blood circulation. J Control Release 2018; 279:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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White CJ, Bode JW. PEGylation and Dimerization of Expressed Proteins under Near Equimolar Conditions with Potassium 2-Pyridyl Acyltrifluoroborates. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:197-206. [PMID: 29532019 PMCID: PMC5833003 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The covalent conjugation of large, functionalized molecules remains a frontier in synthetic chemistry, as it requires rapid, chemoselective reactions. The potassium acyltrifluoroborate (KAT)-hydroxylamine amide-forming ligation shows promise for conjugations of biomolecules under aqueous, acidic conditions, but the variants reported to date are not suited to ligations at micromolar concentrations. We now report that 2-pyridyl KATs display significantly enhanced ligation kinetics over their aryl counterparts. Following their facile, one-step incorporation onto the termini of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, we show that 2-pyridyl KATs can be applied to the construction of protein-polymer conjugates in excellent (>95%) yield. Four distinct expressed, folded proteins equipped with a hydroxylamine could be PEGylated with 2-20 kDa 2-pyridyl mPEG KATs in high yield and with near-equimolar amounts of coupling partners. Furthermore, the use of a bis 2-pyridyl PEG KAT enables the covalent homodimerization of proteins with good conversion. The 2-pyridyl KAT ligation offers an effective alternative to conventional protein-polymer conjugation by operating under aqueous acidic conditions well suited for the handling of folded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. White
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Brabham RL, Spears RJ, Walton J, Tyagi S, Lemke EA, Fascione MA. Palladium-unleashed proteins: gentle aldehyde decaging for site-selective protein modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1501-1504. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07740h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A bioorthogonal decaging strategy has been developed to expose protein aldehydes using one equivalent of palladium, allowing site-selective protein labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Walton
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- Heslington Road
- UK
| | - Swati Tyagi
- EMBL
- Meyerhofstrasse 1
- 69117 Heidelberg
- Germany
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36
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Barfield RM, Rabuka D. Leveraging Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme for Production of Site-Specifically Modified Bioconjugates. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1728:3-16. [PMID: 29404988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7574-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic modification of proteins can generate uniquely reactive chemical functionality, enabling site-specific reactions on the protein surface. Formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) is one enzyme that can be exploited in this fashion. FGE binds its consensus sequence (CXPXR, known as the "aldehyde-tag") and converts the cysteine to a formylglycine (fGly). fGly-containing proteins contain a bioorthogonal aldehyde on their surface that can be modified selectively in the presence of the 20 canonical amino acids. Here, we describe protocols for the generation of a site-specifically modified protein, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), using aldehyde-tagging protocols and aldehyde-reactive conjugation chemistry.
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37
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Patterson JT, Isaacson J, Kerwin L, Atassi G, Duggal R, Bresson D, Zhu T, Zhou H, Fu Y, Kaufmann GF. PSMA-targeted bispecific Fab conjugates that engage T cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5490-5495. [PMID: 29126850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugate formats provide alternative strategies for antigen targeting with bispecific antibodies. Here, PSMA-targeted Fab conjugates were generated using different bispecific formats. Interchain disulfide bridging of an αCD3 Fab enabled installation of either the PSMA-targeting small molecule DUPA (SynFab) or the attachment of an αPSMA Fab (BisFab) by covalent linkage. Optimization of the reducing conditions was critical for selective interchain disulfide reduction and good bioconjugate yield. Activity of αPSMA/CD3 Fab conjugates was tested by in vitro cytotoxicity assays using prostate cancer cell lines. Both bispecific formats demonstrated excellent potency and antigen selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Patterson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Jason Isaacson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Kerwin
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ghazi Atassi
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rohit Duggal
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Damien Bresson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Heyue Zhou
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yanwen Fu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gunnar F Kaufmann
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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38
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Knop M, Lemnaru R, Seebeck FP. Mutation of Conserved Residues Increases in Vitro Activity of the Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1755-1761. [PMID: 28605111 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) recognizes proteins with a specific cysteine-containing six-amino-acid motif and converts this cysteine residue into formylglycine. The resulting aldehyde function provides a unique handle for selective protein labeling. We have identified two mutations in FGE from Thermomonospora curvata that increase this catalytic efficiency more than 40-fold. The resulting activity and stability, as well as its ease of recombinant production, make this FGE variant a practical reagent for in vitro protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Knop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roxana Lemnaru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Patterson JT, Gros E, Zhou H, Atassi G, Kerwin L, Carmody L, Zhu T, Jones B, Fu Y, Kaufmann GF. Chemically generated IgG2 bispecific antibodies through disulfide bridging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3647-3652. [PMID: 28720505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are designed to engage two antigens simultaneously, thus, effectively expanding the ability of antibody-based therapeutics to target multiple pathways within the same cell, engage two separate soluble antigens, bind the same antigen with distinct paratopes, or crosslink two different cell types. Many recombinant BsAb formats have emerged, however, expression and purification of such constructs can often be challenging. To this end, we have developed a chemical strategy for generating BsAbs using native IgG2 architecture. Full-length antibodies can be conjugated via disulfide bridging with linkers bearing orthogonal groups to produce BsAbs. We report that an αHER2/EGFR BsAb was successfully generated by this approach and retained the ability to bind both antigens with no significant loss of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Patterson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Edwige Gros
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Heyue Zhou
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ghazi Atassi
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Kerwin
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Carmody
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bryan Jones
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yanwen Fu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gunnar F Kaufmann
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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40
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Gilbert C, Howarth M, Harwood CR, Ellis T. Extracellular Self-Assembly of Functional and Tunable Protein Conjugates from Bacillus subtilis. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:957-967. [PMID: 28230977 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to stably and specifically conjugate recombinant proteins to one another is a powerful approach for engineering multifunctional enzymes, protein therapeutics, and novel biological materials. While many of these applications have been illustrated through in vitro and in vivo intracellular protein conjugation methods, extracellular self-assembly of protein conjugates offers unique advantages: simplifying purification, reducing toxicity and burden, and enabling tunability. Exploiting the recently described SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, we describe here how enzymes and structural proteins can be genetically encoded to covalently conjugate in culture media following programmable secretion from Bacillus subtilis. Using this approach, we demonstrate how self-conjugation of a secreted industrial enzyme, XynA, dramatically increases its resilience to boiling, and we show that cellular consortia can be engineered to self-assemble functional protein-protein conjugates with tunable composition. This novel genetically encoded modular system provides a flexible strategy for protein conjugation harnessing the substantial advantages of extracellular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Gilbert
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Colin R. Harwood
- Centre
for Bacterial Cell Biology, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, U.K
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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41
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Meury M, Knop M, Seebeck FP. Structural Basis for Copper-Oxygen Mediated C−H Bond Activation by the Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meury
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Knop
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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42
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Meury M, Knop M, Seebeck FP. Structural Basis for Copper-Oxygen Mediated C−H Bond Activation by the Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8115-8119. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meury
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Knop
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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43
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Molecular imaging of biological systems with a clickable dye in the broad 800- to 1,700-nm near-infrared window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:962-967. [PMID: 28096386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617990114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging multiplicity of biological systems is an area of intense focus, currently limited to fluorescence channels in the visible and first near-infrared (NIR-I; ∼700-900 nm) spectral regions. The development of conjugatable fluorophores with longer wavelength emission is highly desired to afford more targeting channels, reduce background autofluorescence, and achieve deeper tissue imaging depths. We have developed NIR-II (1,000-1,700 nm) molecular imaging agents with a bright NIR-II fluorophore through high-efficiency click chemistry to specific molecular antibodies. Relying on buoyant density differences during density gradient ultracentrifugation separations, highly pure NIR-II fluorophore-antibody conjugates emitting ∼1,100 nm were obtained for use as molecular-specific NIR-II probes. This facilitated 3D staining of ∼170-μm histological brain tissues sections on a home-built confocal microscope, demonstrating multicolor molecular imaging across both the NIR-I and NIR-II windows (800-1,700 nm).
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44
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Ohata J, Ball ZT. Ascorbate as a pro-oxidant: mild N-terminal modification with vinylboronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1622-1625. [PMID: 28094358 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe divergent reactivity of vinylboronic acids for protein modification. In addition to previously reported copper-catalyzed backbone N-H modification, ascorbate in air mediates N-terminal functionalization with the same vinylboronate reagents. This mild and selective aqueous reactivity enables selective single-modification of the B chain of human insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ohata
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas, USA.
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45
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Scharnagl FK, Bose SK, Marder TB. Acylboranes: synthetic strategies and applications. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1738-1752. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02425d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acylboranes are an attractive class of compounds, of which the synthesis has very recently been documented as summarised in this review. Access to these compounds provides a path to study their properties and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Korbinian Scharnagl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS)
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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46
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Adumeau P, Sharma SK, Brent C, Zeglis BM. Site-Specifically Labeled Immunoconjugates for Molecular Imaging--Part 2: Peptide Tags and Unnatural Amino Acids. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:153-65. [PMID: 26754791 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging using radioisotope- or fluorophore-labeled antibodies is increasingly becoming a critical component of modern precision medicine. Yet despite this promise, the vast majority of these immunoconjugates are synthesized via the random coupling of amine-reactive bifunctional probes to lysines within the antibody, a process that can result in heterogeneous and poorly defined constructs with suboptimal pharmacological properties. In an effort to circumvent these issues, the last 5 years have played witness to a great deal of research focused on the creation of effective strategies for the site-specific attachment of payloads to antibodies. These chemoselective modification methods yield immunoconjugates that are more homogenous and better defined than constructs created using traditional synthetic approaches. Moreover, site-specifically labeled immunoconjugates have also been shown to exhibit superior in vivo behavior compared to their randomly modified cousins. The over-arching goal of this two-part review is to provide a broad yet detailed account of the various site-specific bioconjugation approaches that have been used to create immunoconjugates for positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and fluorescence imaging. In Part 1, we covered site-specific bioconjugation techniques based on the modification of cysteine residues and the chemoenzymatic manipulation of glycans. In Part 2, we will detail two families of bioconjugation approaches that leverage biochemical tools to achieve site-specificity. First, we will discuss modification methods that employ peptide tags either as sites for enzyme-catalyzed ligations or as radiometal coordination architectures. And second, we will examine bioconjugation strategies predicated on the incorporation of unnatural or non-canonical amino acids into antibodies via genetic engineering. Finally, we will compare the advantages and disadvantages of the modification strategies covered in both parts of the review and offer a brief discussion of the overall direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Colleen Brent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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47
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Ulrich V, Cryle MJ. SNaPe: a versatile method to generate multiplexed protein fusions using synthetic linker peptides for in vitro applications. J Pept Sci 2016; 23:16-27. [PMID: 27910178 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and function of protein complexes and multi-domain proteins is highly important in biology, although the in vitro characterization of these systems is often complicated by their size or the transient nature of protein/protein interactions. To assist in the characterization of such protein complexes, we have developed a modular approach to fusion protein generation that relies upon Sortase-mediated and Native chemical ligation using synthetic Peptide linkers (SNaPe) to link two separately expressed proteins. In this approach, we utilize two separate linking steps - sortase-mediated and native chemical ligation - together with a library of peptide linkers to generate libraries of fusion proteins. We have demonstrated the viability of SNaPe to generate libraries from fusion protein constructs taken from the biosynthetic enzymes responsible for late stage aglycone assembly during glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. Crucially, SNaPe was able to generate fusion proteins that are inaccessible via direct expression of the fusion construct itself. This highlights the advantages of SNaPe to not only access fusion proteins that have been previously unavailable for biochemical and structural characterization but also to do so in a manner that enables the linker itself to be controlled as an experimental parameter of fusion protein generation. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ulrich
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max J Cryle
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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48
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Hu QY, Berti F, Adamo R. Towards the next generation of biomedicines by site-selective conjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1691-719. [PMID: 26796469 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates represent an emerging class of medicines, which offer therapeutic opportunities overtaking those of the individual components. Many novel bioconjugates have been explored in order to address various emerging medical needs. The last decade has witnessed the exponential growth of new site-selective bioconjugation techniques, however very few methods have made the way into human clinical trials. Here we discuss various applications of site-selective conjugation in biomedicines, including half-life extension, antibody-drug conjugates, conjugate vaccines, bispecific antibodies and cell therapy. The review is intended to highlight both the progress and challenges, and identify a potential roadmap to address the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Adamo
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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49
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Kim S, Ko W, Sung BH, Kim SC, Lee HS. Direct protein-protein conjugation by genetically introducing bioorthogonal functional groups into proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5816-5822. [PMID: 27670101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins often function as complex structures in conjunction with other proteins. Because these complex structures are essential for sophisticated functions, developing protein-protein conjugates has gained research interest. In this study, site-specific protein-protein conjugation was performed by genetically incorporating an azide-containing amino acid into one protein and a bicyclononyne (BCN)-containing amino acid into the other. Three to four sites in each of the proteins were tested for conjugation efficiency, and three combinations showed excellent conjugation efficiency. The genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) is technically simple and produces the mutant protein in high yield. In addition, the conjugation reaction can be conducted by simple mixing, and does not require additional reagents or linker molecules. Therefore, this method may prove very useful for generating protein-protein conjugates and protein complexes of biochemical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Cell surface sialosides constitute a central axis of immune modulation that is exploited by tumors to evade both innate and adaptive immune destruction. Therapeutic strategies that target tumor-associated sialosides may therefore potentiate antitumor immunity. Here, we report the development of antibody-sialidase conjugates that enhance tumor cell susceptibility to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by selective desialylation of the tumor cell glycocalyx. We chemically fused a recombinant sialidase to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific antibody trastuzumab through a C-terminal aldehyde tag. The antibody-sialidase conjugate desialylated tumor cells in a HER2-dependent manner, reduced binding by natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) receptors, and enhanced binding to the NK-activating receptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D). Sialidase conjugation to trastuzumab enhanced ADCC against tumor cells expressing moderate levels of HER2, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for cancer patients with lower HER2 levels or inherent trastuzumab resistance. Precision glycocalyx editing with antibody-enzyme conjugates is therefore a promising avenue for cancer immune therapy.
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