1
|
Pehlivan Ö, Waliczek M, Kijewska M, Stefanowicz P. Selenium in Peptide Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073198. [PMID: 37049961 PMCID: PMC10096412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been exploring the potential of incorporating selenium into peptides, as this element possesses unique properties that can enhance the reactivity of these compounds. Selenium is a non-metallic element that has a similar electronic configuration to sulfur. However, due to its larger atomic size and lower electronegativity, it is more nucleophilic than sulfur. This property makes selenium more reactive toward electrophiles. One of the most significant differences between selenium and sulfur is the dissociation of the Se-H bond. The Se-H bond is more easily dissociated than the S-H bond, leading to higher acidity of selenocysteine (Sec) compared to cysteine (Cys). This difference in acidity can be exploited to selectively modify the reactivity of peptides containing Sec. Furthermore, Se-H bonds in selenium-containing peptides are more susceptible to oxidation than their sulfur analogs. This property can be used to selectively modify the peptides by introducing new functional groups, such as disulfide bonds, which are important for protein folding and stability. These unique properties of selenium-containing peptides have found numerous applications in the field of chemical biology. For instance, selenium-containing peptides have been used in native chemical ligation (NCL). In addition, the reactivity of Sec can be harnessed to create cyclic and stapled peptides. Other chemical modifications, such as oxidation, reduction, and photochemical reactions, have also been applied to selenium-containing peptides to create novel molecules with unique biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Pehlivan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reddy KA, Sahoo DK, Moi S, Gowd KH. Conformational change due to replacement of disulfide with selenosulfide and diselenide in dipeptide vicinal cysteine loop. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 97:107635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
Denisov SS, Dijkgraaf I. Immunomodulatory Proteins in Tick Saliva From a Structural Perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:769574. [PMID: 34722347 PMCID: PMC8548845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To feed successfully, ticks must bypass or suppress the host’s defense mechanisms, particularly the immune system. To accomplish this, ticks secrete specialized immunomodulatory proteins into their saliva, just like many other blood-sucking parasites. However, the strategy of ticks is rather unique compared to their counterparts. Ticks’ tendency for gene duplication has led to a diverse arsenal of dozens of closely related proteins from several classes to modulate the immune system’s response. Among these are chemokine-binding proteins, complement pathways inhibitors, ion channels modulators, and numerous poorly characterized proteins whose functions are yet to be uncovered. Studying tick immunomodulatory proteins would not only help to elucidate tick-host relationships but would also provide a rich pool of potential candidates for the development of immunomodulatory intervention drugs and potentially new vaccines. In the present review, we will attempt to summarize novel findings on the salivary immunomodulatory proteins of ticks, focusing on biomolecular targets, structure-activity relationships, and the perspective of their development into therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan S Denisov
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Liu P, Chang J, Xu Y, Wang J. Site-Specific Selenocysteine Incorporation into Proteins by Genetic Engineering. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2918-2924. [PMID: 33949764 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec), a rare naturally proteinogenic amino acid, is the major form of essential trace element selenium in living organisms. Selenoproteins, with one or several Sec residues, are found in all three domains of life. Many selenoproteins play a role in critical cellular functions such as maintaining cell redox homeostasis. Sec is usually encoded by an in-frame stop codon UGA in the selenoprotein mRNA, and its incorporation in vivo is highly species-dependent and requires the reprogramming of translation. This mechanistic complexity of selenoprotein synthesis poses a big challenge to produce synthetic selenoproteins. To understand the functions of natural as well as engineered selenoproteins, many strategies have recently been developed to overcome the inherent barrier for recombinant selenoprotein production. In this review, we will describe the progress in selenoprotein production methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Futian District, 518052, P. R. China.,Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Futian District, 518052, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Futian District, 518052, P. R. China.,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100101, P. R. China.,Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diselenide crosslinks for enhanced and simplified oxidative protein folding. Commun Chem 2021; 4:30. [PMID: 36697775 PMCID: PMC9814483 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro oxidative folding of proteins has been studied for over sixty years, providing critical insight into protein folding mechanisms. Hirudin, the most potent natural inhibitor of thrombin, is a 65-residue protein with three disulfide bonds, and is viewed as a folding model for a wide range of disulfide-rich proteins. Hirudin's folding pathway is notorious for its highly heterogeneous intermediates and scrambled isomers, limiting its folding rate and yield in vitro. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we undertake systematic investigation of diselenide bridges at native and non-native positions and investigate their effect on hirudin's folding, structure and activity. Our studies demonstrate that, regardless of the specific positions of these substitutions, the diselenide crosslinks enhanced the folding rate and yield of the corresponding hirudin analogues, while reducing the complexity and heterogeneity of the process. Moreover, crystal structure analysis confirms that the diselenide substitutions maintained the overall three-dimensional structure of the protein and left its function virtually unchanged. The choice of hirudin as a study model has implications beyond its specific folding mechanism, demonstrating the high potential of diselenide substitutions in the design, preparation and characterization of disulfide-rich proteins.
Collapse
|
6
|
Arai K, Iwaoka M. Flexible Folding: Disulfide-Containing Peptides and Proteins Choose the Pathway Depending on the Environments. Molecules 2021; 26:E195. [PMID: 33401729 PMCID: PMC7794709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, development of novel experimental techniques, such as new types of disulfide (SS)-forming reagents and genetic and chemical technologies for synthesizing designed artificial proteins, is opening a new realm of the oxidative folding study where peptides and proteins can be folded under physiologically more relevant conditions. In this review, after a brief overview of the historical and physicochemical background of oxidative protein folding study, recently revealed folding pathways of several representative peptides and proteins are summarized, including those having two, three, or four SS bonds in the native state, as well as those with odd Cys residues or consisting of two peptide chains. Comparison of the updated pathways with those reported in the early years has revealed the flexible nature of the protein folding pathways. The significantly different pathways characterized for hen-egg white lysozyme and bovine milk α-lactalbumin, which belong to the same protein superfamily, suggest that the information of protein folding pathways, not only the native folded structure, is encoded in the amino acid sequence. The application of the flexible pathways of peptides and proteins to the engineering of folded three-dimensional structures is an interesting and important issue in the new realm of the current oxidative protein folding study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turner A, Kaas Q, Craik DJ. Hormone-like conopeptides - new tools for pharmaceutical design. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1235-1251. [PMID: 34095838 PMCID: PMC8126879 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conopeptides are a diverse family of peptides found in the venoms of marine cone snails and are used in prey capture and host defence. Because of their potent activity on a range of mammalian targets they have attracted interest as leads in drug design. Until recently most focus had been on studying conopeptides having activity at ion channels and related neurological targets but, with recent discoveries that some conopeptides might play hormonal roles, a new area of conopeptide research has opened. In this article we first summarize the canonical pharmaceutical families of Conus venom peptides and then focus on new research relating to hormone-like conopeptides and their potential applications. Finally, we briefly examine methods of chemically stabilizing conopeptides to improve their pharmacological properties. A summary is presented of conopeptides in clinical trials and a call for future work on hormone-like conopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlin Turner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Narayan M. Revisiting the Formation of a Native Disulfide Bond: Consequences for Protein Regeneration and Beyond. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225337. [PMID: 33207635 PMCID: PMC7697891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative protein folding involves the formation of disulfide bonds and the regeneration of native structure (N) from the fully reduced and unfolded protein (R). Oxidative protein folding studies have provided a wealth of information on underlying physico-chemical reactions by which disulfide-bond-containing proteins acquire their catalytically active form. Initially, we review key events underlying oxidative protein folding using bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A), bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as model disulfide bond-containing folders and discuss consequential outcomes with regard to their folding trajectories. We re-examine the findings from the same studies to underscore the importance of forming native disulfide bonds and generating a “native-like” structure early on in the oxidative folding pathway. The impact of both these features on the regeneration landscape are highlighted by comparing ideal, albeit hypothetical, regeneration scenarios with those wherein a native-like structure is formed relatively “late” in the R→N trajectory. A special case where the desired characteristics of oxidative folding trajectories can, nevertheless, stall folding is also discussed. The importance of these data from oxidative protein folding studies is projected onto outcomes, including their impact on the regeneration rate, yield, misfolding, misfolded-flux trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytoplasm, and the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Narayan
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas as El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McCarthy S, Robinson J, Thalassinos K, Tabor AB. A Chemical Biology Approach to Probing the Folding Pathways of the Inhibitory Cystine Knot (ICK) Peptide ProTx-II. Front Chem 2020; 8:228. [PMID: 32309273 PMCID: PMC7145985 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide toxins that adopt the inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) scaffold have very stable three-dimensional structures as a result of the conformational constraints imposed by the configuration of the three disulfide bonds that are the hallmark of this fold. Understanding the oxidative folding pathways of these complex peptides, many of which are important therapeutic leads, is important in order to devise reliable synthetic routes to correctly folded, biologically active peptides. Previous research on the ICK peptide ProTx-II has shown that in the absence of an equilibrating redox buffer, misfolded intermediates form that prevent the formation of the native disulfide bond configuration. In this paper, we used tandem mass spectrometry to examine these misfolded peptides, and identified two non-native singly bridged peptides, one with a Cys(III)-Cys(IV) linkage and one with a Cys(V)-Cys(VI) linkage. Based on these results, we propose that the C-terminus of ProTx-II has an important role in initiating the folding of this peptide. To test this hypothesis, we have also studied the folding pathways of analogs of ProTx-II containing the disulfide-bond directing group penicillamine (Pen) under the same conditions. We find that placing Pen residues at the C-terminus of the ProTx-II analogs directs the folding pathway away from the singly bridged misfolded intermediates that represent a kinetic trap for the native sequence, and allows a fully oxidized final product to be formed with three disulfide bridges. However, multiple two-disulfide peptides were also produced, indicating that further study is required to fully control the folding pathways of this modified scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Biosciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moroder L, Musiol H. Amino acid chalcogen analogues as tools in peptide and protein research. J Pept Sci 2019; 26:e3232. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moroder
- Bioorganic ChemistryMax‐Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Musiol
- Bioorganic ChemistryMax‐Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Metanis N, Notis Dardashti R, Mousa R, Weil‐Ktorza O. Miklós Bodanszky Award Lecture: Selective chalcogen chemistry to study protein science. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3204. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Metanis
- The Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Reem Mousa
- The Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Orit Weil‐Ktorza
- The Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weil-Ktorza O, Rege N, Lansky S, Shalev DE, Shoham G, Weiss MA, Metanis N. Substitution of an Internal Disulfide Bridge with a Diselenide Enhances both Foldability and Stability of Human Insulin. Chemistry 2019; 25:8513-8521. [PMID: 31012517 PMCID: PMC6861001 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin analogues, mainstays in the modern treatment of diabetes mellitus, exemplify the utility of protein engineering in molecular pharmacology. Whereas chemical syntheses of the individual A and B chains were accomplished in the early 1960s, their combination to form native insulin remains inefficient because of competing disulfide pairing and aggregation. To overcome these limitations, we envisioned an alternative approach: pairwise substitution of cysteine residues with selenocysteine (Sec, U). To this end, CysA6 and CysA11 (which form the internal intrachain A6-A11 disulfide bridge) were each replaced with Sec. The A chain[C6U, C11U] variant was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis; while sulfitolysis of biosynthetic human insulin provided wild-type B chain-di-S-sulfonate. The presence of selenium atoms at these sites markedly enhanced the rate and fidelity of chain combination, thus solving a long-standing challenge in chemical insulin synthesis. The affinity of the Se-insulin analogue for the lectin-purified insulin receptor was indistinguishable from that of WT-insulin. Remarkably, the thermodynamic stability of the analogue at 25 °C, as inferred from guanidine denaturation studies, was augmented (ΔΔGu ≈0.8 kcal mol-1 ). In accordance with such enhanced stability, reductive unfolding of the Se-insulin analogue and resistance to enzymatic cleavage by Glu-C protease occurred four times more slowly than that of WT-insulin. 2D-NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated a native-like three-dimensional structure in which the diselenide bridge was accommodated in the hydrophobic core without steric clash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Weil-Ktorza
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Nischay Rege
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Shifra Lansky
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Wolfson Center for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Gil Shoham
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Michael A Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evaluation of Chemical Strategies for Improving the Stability and Oral Toxicity of Insecticidal Peptides. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030090. [PMID: 30154370 PMCID: PMC6164231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are a rich source of insecticidal peptide toxins. Their development as bioinsecticides has, however, been hampered due to concerns about potential lack of stability and oral bioactivity. We therefore systematically evaluated several synthetic strategies to increase the stability and oral potency of the potent insecticidal spider-venom peptide ω-HXTX-Hv1a (Hv1a). Selective chemical replacement of disulfide bridges with diselenide bonds and N- to C-terminal cyclization were anticipated to improve Hv1a resistance to proteolytic digestion, and thereby its activity when delivered orally. We found that native Hv1a is orally active in blowflies, but 91-fold less potent than when administered by injection. Introduction of a single diselenide bond had no effect on the susceptibility to scrambling or the oral activity of Hv1a. N- to C-terminal cyclization of the peptide backbone did not significantly improve the potency of Hv1a when injected into blowflies and it led to a significant decrease in oral activity. We show that this is likely due to a dramatically reduced rate of translocation of cyclic Hv1a across the insect midgut, highlighting the importance of testing bioavailability in addition to toxin stability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu X, Söll D, Sevostyanova A. Challenges of site-specific selenocysteine incorporation into proteins by Escherichia coli. RNA Biol 2018; 15:461-470. [PMID: 29447106 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1440876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec), a rare genetically encoded amino acid with unusual chemical properties, is of great interest for protein engineering. Sec is synthesized on its cognate tRNA (tRNASec) by the concerted action of several enzymes. While all other aminoacyl-tRNAs are delivered to the ribosome by the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), Sec-tRNASec requires a dedicated factor, SelB. Incorporation of Sec into protein requires recoding of the stop codon UGA aided by a specific mRNA structure, the SECIS element. This unusual biogenesis restricts the use of Sec in recombinant proteins, limiting our ability to study the properties of selenoproteins. Several methods are currently available for the synthesis selenoproteins. Here we focus on strategies for in vivo Sec insertion at any position(s) within a recombinant protein in a SECIS-independent manner: (i) engineering of tRNASec for use by EF-Tu without the SECIS requirement, and (ii) design of a SECIS-independent SelB route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- a Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Dieter Söll
- a Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Anastasia Sevostyanova
- a Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mousa R, Notis Dardashti R, Metanis N. Selen und Selenocystein in der Proteinchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Rebecca Notis Dardashti
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mousa R, Notis Dardashti R, Metanis N. Selenium and Selenocysteine in Protein Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15818-15827. [PMID: 28857389 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine, the selenium-containing analogue of cysteine, is the twenty-first proteinogenic amino acid. Since its discovery almost fifty years ago, it has been exploited in unnatural systems even more often than in natural systems. Selenocysteine chemistry has attracted the attention of many chemists in the field of chemical biology owing to its high reactivity and resulting potential for various applications such as chemical modification, chemical protein (semi)synthesis, and protein folding, to name a few. In this Minireview, we will focus on the chemistry of selenium and selenocysteine and their utility in protein chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Rebecca Notis Dardashti
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng Y, Li Z, Ren J, Liu W, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wu C. Artificial disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds with precisely defined disulfide patterns and a minimized number of isomers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2547-2552. [PMID: 28553486 PMCID: PMC5431680 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide-rich peptides are emerging as potential templates for drug design applications. However, the synthesis and reengineering of disulfide-rich peptides are challenging, owing to the complexity of the oxidative folding process involving a number of diverse isomeric structures. Novel disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds that are not besieged by their disulfide isomers are still greatly desired. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of artificial disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds with precisely defined disulfide patterns and a minimized number of isomers. In theory, natural peptides with three disulfide bonds have 15 possible isomers. By rationally engineering the thiol-framework of a peptide containing six cysteines with penicillamines and a dithiol amino acid, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the total number of isomers formed after oxidative folding can be decreased to a minimum of two (i.e., from 15 to 2). As fewer isomeric folds are involved in the oxidative folding, the pathway of the folding becomes more concise and the yield of the artificial scaffolds is substantially increased compared to that of its six-cysteine-containing analogue, which makes the artificial disulfide-rich scaffolds (with only 2 predefined isomeric folds) extremely promising for being exploited as structurally complex templates for the design of peptide therapeutics and ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Zhuoru Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Jing Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Weidong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reddy PS, Metanis N. Small molecule diselenide additives for in vitro oxidative protein folding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3336-9. [PMID: 26822519 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro oxidative folding of disulfide-rich proteins can be challenging. Here we show a new class of small molecule diselenides, which can be easily prepared from inexpensive starting materials, used to enhance oxidative protein folding. These compounds were tested on a model protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Two of the tested diselenides showed considerable improvement over glutathione and were on par with the previously described selenoglutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Post Sai Reddy
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reddy PS, Dery S, Metanis N. Chemical Synthesis of Proteins with Non-Strategically Placed Cysteines Using Selenazolidine and Selective Deselenization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Post Sai Reddy
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Shahar Dery
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reddy PS, Dery S, Metanis N. Chemical Synthesis of Proteins with Non-Strategically Placed Cysteines Using Selenazolidine and Selective Deselenization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:992-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Post Sai Reddy
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Shahar Dery
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zheng Y, Zhai L, Zhao Y, Wu C. Orthogonal Cysteine–Penicillamine Disulfide Pairing for Directing the Oxidative Folding of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15094-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Linxiang Zhai
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dery S, Reddy PS, Dery L, Mousa R, Dardashti RN, Metanis N. Insights into the deselenization of selenocysteine into alanine and serine. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6207-6212. [PMID: 30090236 PMCID: PMC6054048 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The deselenization of selenocysteine selectively removes the selenol group to give alanine under anaerobic conditions or serine under aerobic conditions (oxygen saturation).
The development of native chemical ligation coupled with desulfurization has allowed ligation at several new ligation junctions. However, desulfurization also converts all cysteine residues in the protein sequence into alanine. Deselenization of selenocysteine, in contrast, selectively removes the selenol group to give alanine in the presence of unprotected cysteines. In this study we shed more light onto the deselenization mechanism of selenocysteine to alanine and provide optimized conditions for the reaction. The deselenization can be accomplished in one minute under anaerobic conditions to give alanine. Under aerobic conditions (oxygen saturation), selenocysteine is converted into serine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel .
| | - Post Sai Reddy
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel .
| | - Linoy Dery
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel .
| | - Reem Mousa
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel .
| | | | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel .
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Structure and function of μ-conotoxins, peptide-based sodium channel blockers with analgesic activity. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1677-98. [PMID: 25406007 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
μ-Conotoxins block voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and compete with tetrodotoxin for binding to the sodium conductance pore. Early efforts identified µ-conotoxins that preferentially blocked the skeletal muscle subtype (NaV1.4). However, the last decade witnessed a significant increase in the number of µ-conotoxins and the range of VGSC subtypes inhibited (NaV1.2, NaV1.3 or NaV1.7). Twenty µ-conotoxin sequences have been identified to date and structure-activity relationship studies of several of these identified key residues responsible for interactions with VGSC subtypes. Efforts to engineer-in subtype specificity are driven by in vivo analgesic and neuromuscular blocking activities. This review summarizes structural and pharmacological studies of µ-conotoxins, which show promise for development of selective blockers of NaV1.2, and perhaps also NaV1.1,1.3 or 1.7.
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo Y, Sun DM, Wang FL, He Y, Liu L, Tian CL. Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide-Rich Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Guo Y, Sun D, Wang F, He Y, Liu L, Tian C. Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - De‐Meng Sun
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Feng‐Liang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China)
| | - Yao He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 (China)
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Chang‐Lin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 (China)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Upert G, Mourier G, Pastor A, Verdenaud M, Alili D, Servent D, Gilles N. High-throughput production of two disulphide-bridge toxins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8408-11. [PMID: 24947561 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A quick and efficient production method compatible with high-throughput screening was developed using 36 toxins belonging to four different families of two disulphide-bridge toxins. Final toxins were characterized using HPLC co-elution, CD and pharmacological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Upert
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette F-91191, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Metanis N, Hilvert D. Natural and synthetic selenoproteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 22:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
28
|
Metanis N, Hilvert D. Harnessing selenocysteine reactivity for oxidative protein folding. Chem Sci 2014; 6:322-325. [PMID: 28757941 PMCID: PMC5514408 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Turbo-charged folding with selenium: targeted replacement of cysteines in proteins with selenocysteines is a valuable strategy for increasing the rates of oxidative protein folding, altering folding mechanisms, and rescuing kinetically trapped intermediates.
Although oxidative folding of disulfide-rich proteins is often sluggish, this process can be significantly enhanced by targeted replacement of cysteines with selenocysteines. In this study, we examined the effects of a selenosulfide and native versus nonnative diselenides on the folding rates and mechanism of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Our results show that such sulfur-to-selenium substitutions alter the distribution of key folding intermediates and enhance their rates of interconversion in a context-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Metanis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ji S, Cao W, Yu Y, Xu H. Dynamic Diselenide Bonds: Exchange Reaction Induced by Visible Light without Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6781-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
30
|
Ji S, Cao W, Yu Y, Xu H. Dynamic Diselenide Bonds: Exchange Reaction Induced by Visible Light without Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Shimamoto S, Katayama H, Okumura M, Hidaka Y. Chemical methods and approaches to the regioselective formation of multiple disulfide bonds. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2014; 76:28.8.1-28.8.28. [PMID: 24692017 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2808s76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide-bond formation plays an important role in the stabilization of the native conformation of peptides and proteins. In the case of multidisulfide-containing peptides and proteins, numerous folding intermediates are produced, including molecules that contain non-native and native disulfide bonds during in vitro folding. These intermediates can frequently be trapped covalently during folding and subsequently analyzed. The structural characterization of these kinetically trapped disulfide intermediates provides a clue to understanding the oxidative folding pathway. To investigate the folding of disulfide-containing peptides and proteins, in this unit, chemical methods are described for regulating regioselective disulfide formation (1) by using a combination of several types of thiol protecting groups, (2) by incorporating unique SeCys residues into a protein or peptide molecule, and (3) by combining with post-translational modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuji Hidaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Selenoether oxytocin analogues have analgesic properties in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3165. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
34
|
Takei T, Urabe Y, Asahina Y, Hojo H, Nomura T, Dedachi K, Arai K, Iwaoka M. Model Study Using Designed Selenopeptides on the Importance of the Catalytic Triad for the Antioxidative Functions of Glutathione Peroxidase. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:492-500. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takei
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Urabe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Department
of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Department
of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kenichi Dedachi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lukesh JC, VanVeller B, Raines RT. Thiols and selenols as electron-relay catalysts for disulfide-bond reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12901-4. [PMID: 24123634 PMCID: PMC3885359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pass them on! Dithiobutylamine immobilized on a resin is a useful reagent for the reduction of disulfide bonds. Its ability to reduce a disulfide bond in a protein is enhanced greatly if used along with a soluble strained cyclic disulfide or mixed diselenide that relays electrons from the resin to the protein. This electron-relay catalysis system provides distinct advantages over the use of excess soluble reducing agent alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, Fax: (+1) 1-608-890-2583, Homepage: http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/faculty/raines/lab. Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Malins LR, Mitchell NJ, Payne RJ. Peptide ligation chemistry at selenol amino acids. J Pept Sci 2013; 20:64-77. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Malins
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lukesh JC, VanVeller B, Raines RT. Thiols and Selenols as Electron-Relay Catalysts for Disulfide-Bond Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
38
|
Walewska A, Han TS, Zhang MM, Yoshikami D, Bulaj G, Rolka K. Expanding chemical diversity of conotoxins: peptoid-peptide chimeras of the sodium channel blocker μ-KIIIA and its selenopeptide analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:144-50. [PMID: 23707919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The μ-conotoxin KIIIA is a three disulfide-bridged blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). The Lys(7) residue in KIIIA is an attractive target for manipulating the selectivity and efficacy of this peptide. Here, we report the design and chemical synthesis of μ-conopeptoid analogues (peptomers) in which we replaced Lys(7) with peptoid monomers of increasing side-chain size: N-methylglycine, N-butylglycine and N-octylglycine. In the first series of analogues, the peptide core contained all three disulfide bridges; whereas in the second series, a disulfide-depleted selenoconopeptide core was used to simplify oxidative folding. The analogues were tested for functional activity in blocking the Nav1.2 subtype of mammalian VGSCs exogenously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. All six analogues were active, with the N-methylglycine analogue, [Sar(7)]KIIIA, the most potent in blocking the channels while favouring lower efficacy. Our findings demonstrate that the use of N-substituted Gly residues in conotoxins show promise as a tool to optimize their pharmacological properties as potential analgesic drug leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Walewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhattacharyya M, Gupta K, Gowd KH, Balaram P. Rapid mass spectrometric determination of disulfide connectivity in peptides and proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1340-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
|