1
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Bao M, Łuczak K, Chaładaj W, Baird M, Gryko D, Doyle MP. Photo-cycloaddition reactions of vinyldiazo compounds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4574. [PMID: 38811537 PMCID: PMC11137122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic rings are important structural scaffolds encountered in both natural and synthetic compounds, and their biological activity often depends on these motifs. They are predominantly accessible via cycloaddition reactions, realized by either thermal, photochemical, or catalytic means. Various starting materials are utilized for this purpose, and, among them, diazo compounds are often encountered, especially vinyldiazo compounds that give access to donor-acceptor cyclopropenes which engage in [2+n] cycloaddition reactions. Herein, we describe the development of photochemical processes that produce diverse heterocyclic scaffolds from multisubstituted oximidovinyldiazo compounds. High chemoselectivity, good functional group tolerance, and excellent scalability characterize this methodology, thus predisposing it for broader applications. Experimental and computational studies reveal that under light irradiation these diazo reagents selectively transform into cyclopropenes which engage in cycloaddition reactions with various dipoles, while under thermal conditions the formation of pyrazole from vinyldiazo compounds is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Klaudia Łuczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marriah Baird
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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2
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Antonova YA, Nelyubina YV, Ioffe SL, Tabolin AA. [3+3]-Annulation of Cyclic Nitronates with Vinyl Diazoacetates: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Partially Saturated [1,2]Oxazino[2,3- b][1,2]oxazines and Their Base-Promoted Ring Contraction to Pyrrolo[1,2- b][1,2]oxazine Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073025. [PMID: 37049788 PMCID: PMC10096057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of cyclic nitronates (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazine N-oxides) with vinyl diazoacetates proceeds as a [3+3]-annulation producing bicyclic unsaturated nitroso acetals (4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]oxazino[2,3-b][1,2]oxazines). Optimization of reaction conditions revealed the use of Rh(II) octanoate as the preferred catalyst in THF at room temperature, which allows the preparation of target products in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. Under basic conditions, namely, the combined action of DBU and alcohol, these nitroso acetals undergo ring contraction of an unsaturated oxazine ring into the corresponding pyrrole. Both transformations can be performed in a one-pot fashion, thus constituting a quick approach to oxazine-annulated pyrroles from available starting materials, such as nitroalkenes, olefins, and diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Antonova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Stefkova K, Guerzoni MG, van Ingen Y, Richards E, Melen RL. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Diastereoselective and Divergent Reactions of Vinyldiazo Esters with Nitrones: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2023; 25:500-505. [PMID: 36634071 PMCID: PMC9887602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a mild, transition-metal-free, highly diastereoselective Lewis acid catalyzed methodology toward the synthesis of isoxazolidine-based diazo compounds from the reaction between vinyldiazo esters and nitrones. Interestingly, the isoxazolidine products were identified to have contrasting diastereoselectivity to previously reported metal-catalyzed reactions. Furthermore, the same catalyst can be used with enol diazo esters, prompting the formation of Mukaiyama-Mannich products. These diazo products can then be further functionalized to afford benzo[b]azepine and pyrrolidinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yara van Ingen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Richards
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
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4
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Wang Q, Shih JL, Tsui KY, Laconsay CJ, Tantillo DJ, May JA. Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Study of Carbonazidate-Initiated Cascade Reactions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8983-9000. [PMID: 35758036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of Huisgen cyclization or nitrene/carbene alkyne cascade reactions with different types of termination were investigated. Accessible nitrene precursors were assessed, and carbonazidates were found to be the only effective initiators. Solvents, terminal alkynyl substituents, and catalysts can all impact the reaction outcome. Study of the mechanism both computationally (by density functional theory) and experimentally revealed relevant intermediates and plausible reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Jiun-Le Shih
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ka Yi Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Croix J Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeremy A May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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5
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Hatridge TA, Wei B, Davies HML, Jones CW. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazone in a Three-Phase Packed Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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6
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Zheng H, Dong K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13613-13617. [PMID: 32372540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct Friedel-Crafts-type coupling and dedinitrogenation reactions of vinyldiazo compounds with aromatic compounds using a metal-free strategy are described. This Brønsted acid catalyzed method is efficient for the formation of α-diazo β-carbocations (vinyldiazonium ions), vinyl carbocations, and allylic or homoallylic carbocation species via vinyldiazo compounds. By choosing suitable nucleophilic reagents to selectively capture these intermediates, both trisubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters, β-indole-substituted diazo esters, and dienes are obtained with good to high yields and selectivity. Experimental insights implicate a reaction mechanism involving the selective protonation of vinyldiazo compounds and the subsequent release of dinitrogen to form vinyl cations that undergo intramolecular 1,3- and 1,4- hydride transfer processes as well as fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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7
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Zheng H, Dong K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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8
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Wang Q, May JA. Synthesis of Bridged Azacycles and Propellanes via Nitrene/Alkyne Cascades. Org Lett 2020; 22:3039-3044. [PMID: 32243170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A nitrene/alkyne cascade reaction terminating in C-H bond insertion to form functionalized bridged azacycles from carbonazidates is presented. Due to an initial Huisgen cyclization, all carbonazidates reacted with the alkyne in an exo mode in contrast to the use of sulfamate esters, which react predominately in an endo mode. Substrates with different ring sizes as well as different aryl and heteroaryl groups were also explored. Variation of the nitrene tether showed that 7-membered rings were the maximum ring size to be formed by nitrene attack on the alkyne. Examples incorporating stereocenters on the carbonazidate's tether induced diasteroselectivity in the formation of the bridged ring and two new stereocenters. Additionally, propellanes containing aminals, hemiaminals, and thioaminals formed from the bridged azacycles in the same reaction via an acid-promoted rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Jeremy A May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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9
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Zhang B, Davies HML. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Cycloadditions of Vinylcarbenes with Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4937-4941. [PMID: 31910310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-siloxycyclo-1,3-dienes with E-vinyldiazoacetates in the presence of the bulky chiral dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst, Rh2 (R-p-PhTPCP)4 results in an enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition, in which three new stereogenic centers are formed. The [4+2] cycloadducts are generated as single diastereomers with high enantiocontrol (95-98 % ee). When the diene contains an additional stereogenic center, effective kinetic resolution can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Emory University, Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30024, USA
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Emory University, Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30024, USA
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10
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Zhang B, Davies HML. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Cycloadditions of Vinylcarbenes with Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Emory UniversityChemistry 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30024 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Emory UniversityChemistry 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30024 USA
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11
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Sakthivel S, Balamurugan R. Annulation of a Highly Functionalized Diazo Building Block with Indoles under Sc(OTf)3/Rh2(OAc)4 Multicatalysis through Michael Addition/Cyclization Sequence. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12171-12183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Sakthivel
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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12
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Ueda J, Harada S, Nakayama H, Nemoto T. Silver-catalyzed regioselective hydroamination of alkenyl diazoacetates to synthesize γ-amino acid equivalents. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4675-4682. [PMID: 29888358 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol to directly access γ-amino acid derivatives by intermolecular regioselective hydroamination of trichloroethyl alkenyldiazoacetates with carbamate using a silver tetrafluoroborate catalyst is described. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze the reaction mechanism revealed that multiple attractive interactions occur in a transition state to promote the vinylogous addition of nitrogen nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan. and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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13
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Mechanism and Diastereoselectivity of [3+3] Cycloaddition between Enol Diazoacetate and Azomethine Imine Catalyzed by Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate: A Theoretical Study. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Chen R, Sun S, Wang G, Guo H. A highly diastereoselective [3+3] annulation reaction of aza-oxyallyl cations and nitrones. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Synthesis of functionalized iodoalkenes using a multicomponent reaction triggered by electrophilic iodination of alkenyldiazoacetates. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Cheng Q, Yu Y, Yedoyan J, Doyle MP. Vinyldiazo Reagents and Metal Catalysts: A Versatile Toolkit for Heterocycle and Carbocycle Construction. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Qing Cheng
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Julietta Yedoyan
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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17
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Qiu H, Arman H, Hu W, Doyle MP. Intramolecular cycloaddition/rearrangement cascade from gold(iii)-catalysed reactions of propargyl aryldiazoesters with cinnamyl imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12828-12831. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surprising rearrangement of dihydroazepinyl aryldiazoacetates from a gold-catalysed [4+3]-cycloaddition to conjugated cycloheptene-1,4-dione-enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
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18
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Jia Q, Li D, Lang M, Zhang K, Wang J. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine-Mediated [3+3] Cycloaddition of Aza-oxyallyl Cations and Nitrones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfa Jia
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen); Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
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19
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Cheng QQ, Deng Y, Lankelma M, Doyle MP. Cycloaddition reactions of enoldiazo compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5425-5443. [PMID: 28726896 PMCID: PMC5575991 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enoldiazo esters and amides have proven to be versatile reagents for cycloaddition reactions that allow highly efficient construction of various carbocycles and heterocycles. Their versatility is exemplified by (1) [2+n]-cycloadditions (n = 3, 4) by the enol silyl ether units of enoldiazo compounds with retention of the diazo functionality to furnish α-cyclic-α-diazo compounds that are themselves subject to further transformations of the diazo functional group; (2) [3+n]-cycloadditions (n = 1-5) by metallo-enolcarbenes formed by catalytic dinitrogen extrusion from enoldiazo compounds; (3) [2+n]-cycloadditions (n = 3, 4) by donor-acceptor cyclopropenes generated in situ from enoldiazo compounds that produce cyclopropane-fused ring systems. The role of dirhodium(ii) and the emergence of copper(i) catalysts are described, as are the different outcomes of reactions initiated with these catalysts. This comprehensive review on cycloaddition reactions of enoldiazo compounds, with emphasis on methodology development, mechanistic insight, and catalyst-controlled chemodivergence, aims to provide inspiration for future discoveries in the field and to catalyze the application of enoldiazo reagents by the wider synthetic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
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20
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Wang S, Guo YQ, Ren ZH, Wang YY, Guan ZH. K 2CO 3-Mediated Cyclization and Rearrangement of γ,δ-Alkynyl Oximes To Form Pyridols. Org Lett 2017; 19:1574-1577. [PMID: 28290703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel K2CO3-mediated cyclization and rearrangement of γ,δ-alkynyl oximes for the synthesis of pyridols is described. The process accomplishes an efficient [1,3] rearrangement of the O-vinyl oxime intermediate which is in situ generated from the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of γ,δ-alkynyl oximes. The reaction employs readily accessible starting materials, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and gives a variety of synthetically challenging pyridols in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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21
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Chinthapally K, Massaro NP, Padgett HL, Sharma I. A serendipitous cascade of rhodium vinylcarbenoids with aminochalcones for the synthesis of functionalized quinolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12205-12208. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A convergent 5-step cascade approach for the stereoselective synthesis of functionalized quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chinthapally
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- and Institute of Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies
- University of Oklahoma
- Norman
- USA
| | - Nicholas P. Massaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- and Institute of Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies
- University of Oklahoma
- Norman
- USA
| | - Haylee L. Padgett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- and Institute of Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies
- University of Oklahoma
- Norman
- USA
| | - Indrajeet Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- and Institute of Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies
- University of Oklahoma
- Norman
- USA
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22
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Liu Y, Ao J, Paladhi S, Song CE, Yan H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Dioxazinanes and Dioxazepanes with in Situ Generated Nitrones via a Tandem Reaction Pathway Using a Cooperative Cation Binding Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16486-16492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- Innovative
Drug Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Ao
- Innovative
Drug Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Sushovan Paladhi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hailong Yan
- Innovative
Drug Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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23
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López E, González-Pelayo S, López LA. Recent Developments in Coinage Metal Catalyzed Transformations of Stabilized Vinyldiazo Compounds: Beyond Carbenic Pathways. CHEM REC 2016; 17:312-325. [PMID: 27701805 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed transformations of vinyldiazo compounds have become a versatile tool in organic synthesis. Although several transition metals have been investigated for this purpose, this field has been mainly dominated by dirhodium catalysts. Remarkable levels of chemo-, regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been reached in some of these rhodium-catalyzed transformations. In the last few years coinage metals have also emerged as useful catalysts in transformations involving vinyldiazo compounds. In some cases, highly efficient catalyst-dependent protocols arising from divergent mechanistic pathways have been reported. In this Personal Account, we aim to showcase recent advances in metal coinage catalyzed transformations of vinyldiazoacetates, an exciting field of research to which our group has actively contributed in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enol López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006-, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Pelayo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006-, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis A López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006-, Oviedo, Spain
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24
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Yang X, Yang Y, Rees RJ, Yang Q, Tian Z, Xue Y. How Dirhodium Catalyst Controls the Enantioselectivity of [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition between Nitrone and Vinyldiazoacetate: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8082-6. [PMID: 27463104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The origin of enantioselectivity in the dirhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrone and vinyldiazoacetate has been investigated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. Taking a more realistic account of bulky ligands in models of the dirhodium catalyst when investigating its catalytic behavior is crucial for describing the effects resulting from a high level of asymmetric induction. More than one active site can be located and the extra reactivity is provided by an electron-donation interaction between the substrate and an additional Rh2L4 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P.R. China.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Robert J Rees
- Data61
- CSIRO, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qi Yang
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Zhiyue Tian
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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25
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Deng Y, Jing C, Doyle MP. Dinitrogen extrusion from enoldiazo compounds under thermal conditions: synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12924-7. [PMID: 26186132 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor cyclopropenes are formed quantitatively or in high yield from enoldiazoacetates and enoldiazoacetamides under moderate thermal conditions. They are more versatile than their corresponding enoldiazocarbonyl compounds as carbene precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
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26
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Tabolin AA, Ioffe SL. Small Ring Compounds and N
-oxides: Cycloadditions and Related Processes. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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27
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Thumar N, Wei Q, Hu W. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Compounds Toward Molecular Complexity. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Abstract
Various vinyl ketonitrones are prepared using new strategies and were applied to synthesize heterocycles in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Education of China and School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Xiao-Pan Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Education of China and School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Education of China and School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Education of China and School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
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29
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Ma LL, Wang W, Wang GC. Theoretical investigations toward the [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrones with vinyldiazoacetates catalyzed by Rh2(R-TPCP)4: mechanism and enantioselectivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07873g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of Rh2(R-TPCP)4-catalyzed [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloadditions between vinyldiazoacetate and nitrone to form 2,5-dihydroisoxazole has been studied by ONIOM methodology calculations including density functional theory and PM6 theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Gui-Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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30
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Zhao D, Zhang J, Xie Z. An Unprecedented Formal [5 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitrones with o-Carboryne via Tandem [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Oxygen Migration/Aromatization Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13938-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Pospech J, Lennox AJJ, Beller M. Rhodium-catalysed alkoxylation/acetalization of diazo compounds: one-step synthesis of highly functionalised quaternary carbon centres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14505-8. [PMID: 26280033 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An intermolecular tandem reaction for the rapid build-up of densely functionalised α-alkoxy-β-oxo-esters has been developed. This novel process applies the easy to handle trimethyl orthoformate as a C1-building block in the rhodium(II)-catalysed alkoxylation/acetalization of donor-acceptor substituted diazo compounds. The concomitant C-O/C-C bond formation reaction gives products with unique quaternary carbon centers, substituted by groups of different oxidation level (ester, protected aldehyde and alkoxide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jola Pospech
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
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32
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Anderson LL. Diverse Applications of Nitrones for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL 60607 USA
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33
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Liu Y, Deng Y, Zavalij PY, Liu R, Doyle MP. An efficient route to highly enantioenriched tetrahydroazulenes and β-tetralones by desymmetrization reactions of δ,δ-diaryldiazoaceto-acetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:565-8. [PMID: 25413676 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective desymmetrization reaction of δ,δ-diaryl-α-diazo-β-ketoesters catalyzed by chiral dirhodium carboxylates forms aromatic cycloaddition products in up to 97% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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34
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Pagar VV, Liu RS. Gold-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions of Ethyl Diazoacetate, Nitrosoarenes, and Vinyldiazo Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis of Isoxazolidine and Benzo[b]azepine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4923-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Pagar VV, Liu RS. Gold-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions of Ethyl Diazoacetate, Nitrosoarenes, and Vinyldiazo Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis of Isoxazolidine and Benzo[b]azepine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Kisan HK, Sunoj RB. Axial Coordination Dichotomy in Dirhodium Carbenoid Catalysis: A Curious Case of Cooperative Asymmetric Dual-Catalytic Approach toward Amino Esters. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2192-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5027029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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37
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Jindal G, Kisan HK, Sunoj RB. Mechanistic Insights on Cooperative Catalysis through Computational Quantum Chemical Methods. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501688y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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38
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Guzmán PE, Lian Y, Davies HM. Reversal of the regiochemistry in the rhodium-catalyzed [4+3] cycloaddition between vinyldiazoacetates and dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13083-7. [PMID: 25266984 PMCID: PMC4608551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective [4+3] cycloaddition between vinylcarbenes and dienes has been achieved using the dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst [Rh2(S-BTPCP)4]. This methodology provides facile access to 1,4-cycloheptadienes that are regioisomers of those formed from the tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement reaction of vinylcarbenes with dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E. Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Yajing Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Huw M.L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
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39
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Guzmán PE, Lian Y, Davies HML. Reversal of the Regiochemistry in the Rhodium-Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition between Vinyldiazoacetates and Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Wang C, Wang D, Yan H, Wang H, Pan B, Xin X, Li X, Wu F, Wan B. Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Diynes with Nitrones: A Formal [2+2+5] Approach to Bridged Eight-Membered Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11940-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Wang C, Wang D, Yan H, Wang H, Pan B, Xin X, Li X, Wu F, Wan B. Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Diynes with Nitrones: A Formal [2+2+5] Approach to Bridged Eight-Membered Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Spangler JE, Lian Y, Raikar SN, Davies HML. Synthesis of complex hexacyclic compounds via a tandem Rh(II)-catalyzed double-cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement/Diels-Alder reaction. Org Lett 2014; 16:4794-7. [PMID: 25208337 PMCID: PMC4168775 DOI: 10.1021/ol502257d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Treatment
of (E)-1-(methoxymethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
with styryl diazoacetates in the presence of catalytic amounts of
the dirhodium complex Rh2(S-DOSP)4 provides a highly enantioenriched hexacyclic product with
10 new stereogenic centers. The transformation proceeds by a cascade
sequence starting with a double cyclopropanation of a benzene ring,
followed by a Cope rearrangement of a divinylcyclopropane and then
an intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Spangler
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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43
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Yang X, Xu P, Xue Y. Mechanism and regioselectivity of the cycloaddition between nitrone and dirhodium vinylcarbene catalyzed by Rh2(O2CH)4: a computational study. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Xu X, Doyle MP. The [3 + 3]-cycloaddition alternative for heterocycle syntheses: catalytically generated metalloenolcarbenes as dipolar adducts. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1396-405. [PMID: 24650430 PMCID: PMC3993878 DOI: 10.1021/ar5000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combination of two or more unsaturated structural units to form cyclic organic compounds is commonly referred to as cycloaddition, and the combination of two unsaturated structural units that forms a six-membered ring is formally either a [5 + 1]-, [4 + 2]-, [2 + 2 + 2]-, or [3 + 3]-cycloaddition. Occurring as concerted or stepwise processes, cycloaddition reactions are among the most useful synthetic constructions in organic chemistry. Of these transformations, the concerted [4 + 2]-cycloaddition, the Diels-Alder reaction, is by far the best known and most widely applied. However, although symmetry disallowed as a concerted process and lacking certifiable examples until recently, stepwise [3 + 3]-cycloadditions offer advantages for the synthesis of a substantial variety of heterocyclic compounds, and they are receiving considerable attention. In this Account, we present the development of stepwise [3 + 3]-cycloaddition reactions from virtual invisibility in the 1990s to a rapidly growing synthetic methodology today, involving organocatalysis or transition metal catalysis. With origins in organometallic or vinyliminium ion chemistry, this area has blossomed into a viable synthetic transformation for the construction of six-membered heterocyclic compounds containing one or more heteroatoms. The development of [3 + 3]-cycloaddition transformations has been achieved through identification of suitable and compatible reactive dipolar adducts and stable dipoles. The reactive dipolar species is an energetic dipolar intermediate that is optimally formed catalytically in the reaction. The stepwise process occurs with the reactive dipolar adduct reacting as an electrophile or as a nucleophile to form the first covalent bond, and this association provides entropic assistance for the construction of the second covalent bond and the overall formal [3 + 3]-cycloaddition. Organocatalysis is well developed for both inter- and intramolecular synthetic transformations, but the potential of transition metal catalysis for [3 + 3]-cycloaddition has only recently emerged. The key to the rapid development of the transition metal-based methodology has been recognition that certain catalytically generated vinylcarbenes are effective dipolar adducts for reactions with stable dipolar compounds, including aryl and vinyl ylides. In particular, metallo-enolcarbenes that are generated catalytically from conveniently prepared stable enoldiazoacetates or from donor-acceptor cyclopropenes are highly effective dipolar adducts for [3 + 3]-cycloaddition. The electron-donating oxygen of the silyl ether enhances electrophilic ring closure to the metal-bound carbon of the initial adduct from vinylogous addition, and this enhancement inhibits the alternative [3 + 2]-cycloaddition across the carbon-carbon double bond of the vinylcarbene. Catalytically generated metallo-enolcarbenes react under mild conditions with a broad spectrum of compatible stable dipoles, including nitrones, azomethine imines, ylides, and certain covalent precursors of stable dipoles, to form [3 + 3]-cycloaddition products having the β-ketoester functionality (in dihydrooxazines, tetrahydropyridazines, pyrazolidinone and pyraxole derivatives, dihydroquinolines, and quinolizidines, for example) in high yield. Two ways to access these metallo-enolcarbenes, either by dinitrogen extrusion from enoldiazoacetate esters or by rearrangement of donor-acceptor cyclopropenes, enhance the versatility of the process. The [3 + 3]-cycloaddition methodology is a complementary strategy to [4 + 2]-cycloaddition for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds having six-membered rings. High levels of enantioselectivity are obtained with the use of chiral ligands on transition metal catalysts that include those on dirhodium(II) and silver(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky
Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt
47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky
Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt
47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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47
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Xu X, Leszczynski JS, Mason SM, Zavalij PY, Doyle MP. Expedient access to substituted 3-amino-2-cyclopentenones by dirhodium-catalyzed [3+2]-annulation of silylated ketene imines and enoldiazoacetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2462-4. [PMID: 24452444 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a reaction that proceeds under mild conditions with remarkable functional group tolerance, structurally diverse 3-amino-2-cyclopentenones bearing a quaternary carbon at the 4-position have been synthesized through a formal [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of silylated ketene imines (SKIs) and enoldiazoaceates by dirhodium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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48
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Abstract
A silver-catalyzed vinylogous fluorination of vinyl diazoacetates to generate γ-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated carbonyls is presented. Application of this method to the fluorination of farnesol and steroid derivatives was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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49
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Xu X, Zavalij PY, Doyle MP. Highly enantioselective dearomatizing formal [3+3] cycloaddition reactions of N-acyliminopyridinium ylides with electrophilic enol carbene intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12664-8. [PMID: 24123489 PMCID: PMC3858852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A effective dearomatizing formal [3+3]-cycloaddition reaction triggered by Rh(II)-catalyzed dinitrogen extrusion of enoldiazoacetates followed by vinylogous addition of metal enolcarbenes to N -acyliminopyridinium ylides that produces highly substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazines in up to 98% ee and in high yield has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Peter Y. Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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Xu X, Zavalij PY, Doyle MP. Highly Enantioselective Dearomatizing Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Reactions ofN-Acyliminopyridinium Ylides with Electrophilic Enol Carbene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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