1
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Du K, Dmochowski IJ. Thermally Tunable Adsorption of Xenon in Crystalline Molecular Sorbent. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:13810-13816. [PMID: 39027347 PMCID: PMC11257604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The thermostability of encapsulated xenon is investigated in a series of isostructural crystalline sorbents. These sorbents consist of metal-organic capsules, with the general formula of [ConFe4-nL6]4- (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4), where L2- is an organic linker with two sulfonate groups. In the crystalline sorbent, guanidinium cations form H-bond networks with the peripheral sulfonate groups in the solid state and trap xenon in the molecular cavities, which are at least 2.7 times the volume of xenon. When heated, the sorbent retains xenon up to 561 K, i.e., 396 K higher than the boiling point of xenon. Furthermore, the thermostability of trapped xenon can be modulated by varying the ratio of Co:Fe in the crystalline sorbent. Elemental analysis on a single crystal by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirms the homogeneous distribution of Co and Fe in the sorbent. Structural analyses reveal that the expansion of capsule cavity is proportional to the Co:Fe ratio, with increases of 0.049(1) Å and 6.4(8) Å3 in metal-metal distance and cavity volume, per substitution of Fe by Co center. Steric repulsion between peripheral sulfonate groups is found to render a hypothetical face-centered cubic structure of (C(NH2)3)4[Fe4L6] not accessible, which would have trapped xenon with exceptional thermostability. The stable and tunable trapping of xenon in crystalline sorbents by over-sized molecular cavities suggests a new strategy for separation and storage of xenon, through introduction of kinetic barriers, such as H-bond networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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2
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da Camara B, Ziv NB, Carta V, Mota Orozco GA, Wu HT, Julian RR, Hooley RJ. Gated, Selective Anion Exchange in Functionalized Self-Assembled Cage Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203588. [PMID: 36409525 PMCID: PMC10276534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Appending functional groups to the exterior of Zn4 L4 self-assembled cages allows gated control of anion binding. While the unfunctionalized cages contain aryl groups in the ligand that can freely rotate, attaching inert functional groups creates a "doorstop", preventing rotation and slowing the guest exchange rate, even though the interiors of the host cavities are identically structured. The effects on anion exchange are subtle and depend on multiple factors, including anion size, the nature of the leaving anion, and the electron-withdrawing ability and steric bulk of the pendant groups. Multiple exchange mechanisms occur, and the nature of the external groups controls associative and dissociative exchange processes: these bulky groups affect both anion egress and ingress, introducing an extra layer of selectivity to the exchange. Small changes can have large effects: affinities for anions as similar as PF6 - and SbF6 - can vary by as much as 400-fold between identically sized cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce da Camara
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Noa Bar Ziv
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Gabriela A Mota Orozco
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Hoi-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry and the UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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3
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Lin Y, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Dmochowski IJ. Counteranions at Peripheral Sites Tune Guest Affinity for a Protonated Hemicryptophane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5158-5165. [PMID: 35333529 PMCID: PMC9017572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of small molecules for biomolecular cavities is tuned through a combination of primary and secondary interactions. It has been challenging to mimic these features in organic synthetic host molecules, however, where the cavities tend to be highly symmetric and nonpolar, and less amenable to chemical manipulation. Here, a host molecule composed of a TREN ligand and cyclotriveratrylene moiety was investigated. Size-matched polar guests were encapsulated within the cavity via triple protonation of the TREN moiety with various sulfonic acids. X-ray crystallography confirmed guest encapsulation and identified three methanesulfonates, p-toluenesulfonates, or 2-naphthalenesulfonates hydrogen-bonded with H3TREN at the periphery of the cavity. These structurally diverse counteranions were shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy to differentially regulate guest access at the three portals, and to undergo competitive displacement in solution. This work reveals "counteranion tuning" to be a simple and powerful strategy for modulating host-guest affinity, as applied here in a TREN-hemicryptophane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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4
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Jayapaul J, Komulainen S, Zhivonitko VV, Mareš J, Giri C, Rissanen K, Lantto P, Telkki VV, Schröder L. Hyper-CEST NMR of metal organic polyhedral cages reveals hidden diastereomers with diverse guest exchange kinetics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1708. [PMID: 35361759 PMCID: PMC8971460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Guest capture and release are important properties of self-assembling nanostructures. Over time, a significant fraction of guests might engage in short-lived states with different symmetry and stereoselectivity and transit frequently between multiple environments, thereby escaping common spectroscopy techniques. Here, we investigate the cavity of an iron-based metal organic polyhedron (Fe-MOP) using spin-hyperpolarized 129Xe Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (hyper-CEST) NMR. We report strong signals unknown from previous studies that persist under different perturbations. On-the-fly delivery of hyperpolarized gas yields CEST signatures that reflect different Xe exchange kinetics from multiple environments. Dilute pools with ~ 104-fold lower spin numbers than reported for directly detected hyperpolarized nuclei are readily detected due to efficient guest turnover. The system is further probed by instantaneous and medium timescale perturbations. Computational modeling indicates that these signals originate likely from Xe bound to three Fe-MOP diastereomers (T, C3, S4). The symmetry thus induces steric effects with aperture size changes that tunes selective spin manipulation as it is employed in CEST MRI agents and, potentially, impacts other processes occurring on the millisecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jiří Mareš
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Chandan Giri
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Perttu Lantto
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Yuan S, Qian Q, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Lin L, Duan P, Xu X, Shi J, Xu W, Feng A, Shi J, Yang Y, Hong W. Tracking Confined Reaction Based on Host-Guest Interaction Using Single-Molecule Conductance Measurement. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104554. [PMID: 34796644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The host-guest interaction acts as an essential part of supramolecular chemistry, which can be applied in confined reaction. However, it is challenging to obtain the dynamic process during confined reactions below micromolar concentrations. In this work, a new method is provided to characterize the dimerization process of the guest 1,2-bis(4-pyridinyl) ethylene in host cucurbit[8]curil using scanning tunneling microscope-break junction (STM-BJ) technique. The guest reaction kinetics is quantitatively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and in situ single-molecule junctions. It is found that in the single-molecule conductance measurements, the electrical signals of the reactants with a concentration as low as 5 × 10-6 m are clearly detected, and the reaction kinetics at micromolar concentrations are further obtained. However, in NMR measurements, the characteristic peak signal of the reactants is undetectable when the concentration of the reactants is lower than 0.5 × 10-3 m and it cannot be quantified. In addition, the strong electric field from the nanogap accelerates the reaction. This work reveals that single-molecule STM-BJ techniques are more sensitive for tracking confined reactions than that by NMR techniques and can be used to study effect of extremely strong electric field on kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiaozan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Luchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinghai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Anni Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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6
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Mansoor IF, Dutton KG, Rothschild DA, Remsing RC, Lipke MC. Uptake, Trapping, and Release of Organometallic Cations by Redox-Active Cationic Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16993-17003. [PMID: 34596386 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The host-guest chemistry of metal-organic nanocages is typically driven by thermodynamically favorable interactions with their guests such that uptake and release of guests can be controlled by switching this affinity on or off. Herein, we achieve this effect by reducing porphyrin-walled cationic nanoprisms 1a12+ and 1b12+ to zwitterionic states that rapidly uptake organometallic cations Cp*2Co+ and Cp2Co+, respectively. Cp*2Co+ binds strongly (Ka = 1.3 × 103 M-1) in the neutral state 1a0 of host 1a12+, which has its three porphyrin walls doubly reduced and its six (bipy)Pt2+ linkers singly reduced (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). The less-reduced states of the host 1a3+ and 1a9+ also bind Cp*2Co+, though with lower affinities. The smaller Cp2Co+ cation binds strongly (Ka = 1.7 × 103 M-1) in the 3e- reduced state 1b9+ of the (tmeda)Pt2+-linked host 1b12+ (tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine). Upon reoxidation of the hosts with Ag+, the guests become trapped to provide unprecedented metastable cation-in-cation complexes Cp*2Co+@1a12+ and Cp2Co+@1b12+ that persist for >1 month. Thus, dramatic kinetic effects reveal a way to confine the guests in thermodynamically unfavorable environments. Experimental and DFT studies indicate that PF6- anions kinetically stabilize Cp*2Co+@1a12+ through electrostatic interactions and by influencing conformational changes of the host that open and close its apertures. However, when Cp*2Co+@1a12+ was prepared using ferrocenium (Fc+) instead of Ag+ to reoxidize the host, dissociation was accelerated >200× even though neither Fc+ nor Fc have any observable affinity for 1a12+. This finding shows that metastable host-guest complexes can respond to subtler stimuli than those required to induce guest release from thermodynamically favorable complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kaitlyn G Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel A Rothschild
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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7
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Takezawa H, Fujita M. Molecular Confinement Effects by Self-Assembled Coordination Cages. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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8
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Do JL, Titi HM, Cuccia LA, Friščić T. A new class of anionic metallohelicates based on salicylic and terephthalic acid units, accessible in solution and by mechanochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5143-5146. [PMID: 33899844 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a new class of anionic metallohelicates based on an abundant, industrially relevant salicylic acid derivative, leading to discrete double and triple-stranded architectures based on divalent and trivalent metals (Cu2+, Fe3+, respectively). The ability to assemble the metallohelicates in a solvent-free environment presents the opportunity to develop an inexpensive and environmentally-friendly design of helicate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada. and Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal H3A 0B8, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal H3A 0B8, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Louis A Cuccia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal H3A 0B8, Quebec, Canada.
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9
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Sakata Y, Okada M, Akine S. Guest Recognition Control Accompanied by Stepwise Gate Closing and Opening of a Macrocyclic Metallohost. Chemistry 2021; 27:2284-2288. [PMID: 33026677 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host-guest binding behavior of macrocyclic hosts is significantly influenced by the shapes and sizes of the hosts. In particular, closing/opening the apertures of the hosts controls the guest uptake/release. A post-metalation modification method was used to achieve the open/close conversions. The starting open complex, [LCo2 (pip)4 ](OTf)2 , was efficiently converted to the closed complex, [LCo2 (hda)2 ](OTf)2 , which has a doubly bridged structure. The conversion of this closed complex to the open complex [LCo2 (hda)2 (OAc)]+ was too slow to be completed, but this gate-opening was dramatically accelerated by the addition of Na+ . The Na+ binding was also significantly enhanced by the gate-opening, that is, conversion of [LCo2 (hda)2 ]2+ to [LCo2 (hda)2 (OAc)]+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Escobar L, Ballester P. Molecular Recognition in Water Using Macrocyclic Synthetic Receptors. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2445-2514. [PMID: 33472000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition in water using macrocyclic synthetic receptors constitutes a vibrant and timely research area of supramolecular chemistry. Pioneering examples on the topic date back to the 1980s. The investigated model systems and the results derived from them are key for furthering our understanding of the remarkable properties exhibited by proteins: high binding affinity, superior binding selectivity, and extreme catalytic performance. Dissecting the different effects contributing to the proteins' properties is severely limited owing to its complex nature. Molecular recognition in water is also involved in other appreciated areas such as self-assembly, drug discovery, and supramolecular catalysis. The development of all these research areas entails a deep understanding of the molecular recognition events occurring in aqueous media. In this review, we cover the past three decades of molecular recognition studies of neutral and charged, polar and nonpolar organic substrates and ions using selected artificial receptors soluble in water. We briefly discuss the intermolecular forces involved in the reversible binding of the substrates, as well as the hydrophobic and Hofmeister effects operating in aqueous solution. We examine, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the design and development of effective water-soluble synthetic receptors based on cyclic, oligo-cyclic, and concave-shaped architectures. We also include selected examples of self-assembled water-soluble synthetic receptors. The catalytic performance of some of the presented receptors is also described. The latter process also deals with molecular recognition and energetic stabilization, but instead of binding ground-state species, the targets become elusive counterparts: transition states and other high-energy intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Escobar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Percástegui E, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Design and Applications of Water-Soluble Coordination Cages. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13480-13544. [PMID: 33238092 PMCID: PMC7760102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of the aqueous space within a cell is necessary for life. In similar fashion to the nanometer-scale compartments in living systems, synthetic water-soluble coordination cages (WSCCs) can isolate guest molecules and host chemical transformations. Such cages thus show promise in biological, medical, environmental, and industrial domains. This review highlights examples of three-dimensional synthetic WSCCs, offering perspectives so as to enhance their design and applications. Strategies are presented that address key challenges for the preparation of coordination cages that are soluble and stable in water. The peculiarities of guest binding in aqueous media are examined, highlighting amplified binding in water, changing guest properties, and the recognition of specific molecular targets. The properties of WSCC hosts associated with biomedical applications, and their use as vessels to carry out chemical reactions in water, are also presented. These examples sketch a blueprint for the preparation of new metal-organic containers for use in aqueous solution, as well as guidelines for the engineering of new applications in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo
G. Percástegui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Instituto
de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaUniversidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
- Centro
Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Toluca, 50200 Estado de México, México
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
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12
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Takezawa H, Tabuchi R, Sunohara H, Fujita M. Confinement of Water-Soluble Cationic Substrates in a Cationic Molecular Cage by Capping the Portals with Tripodal Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17919-17922. [PMID: 33044074 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a cationic coordination cage to encapsulate molecular guests is enhanced by non-covalent capping of the cage portals with tripodal anions. The capped cage provides new cation binding sites at the portals, which enable accommodation of cationic substrates within the cationic cage. In addition, non-covalent capping allows neutral guests in the cage to be exchanged for cationic ones on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tabuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Haruka Sunohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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13
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Du K, Zemerov SD, Hurtado Parra S, Kikkawa JM, Dmochowski IJ. Paramagnetic Organocobalt Capsule Revealing Xenon Host-Guest Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13831-13844. [PMID: 32207611 PMCID: PMC7672707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated Xe binding in a previously reported paramagnetic metal-organic tetrahedral capsule, [Co4L6]4-, where L2- = 4,4'-bis[(2-pyridinylmethylene)amino][1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonate. The Xe-inclusion complex, [XeCo4L6]4-, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy to be the dominant species in aqueous solution saturated with Xe gas. The measured Xe dissociation rate in [XeCo4L6]4-, koff = 4.45(5) × 102 s-1, was at least 40 times greater than that in the analogous [XeFe4L6]4- complex, highlighting the capability of metal-ligand interactions to tune the capsule size and guest permeability. The rapid exchange of 129Xe nuclei in [XeCo4L6]4- produced significant hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) NMR signal at 298 K, detected at a concentration of [XeCo4L6]4- as low as 100 pM, with presaturation at -89 ppm, which was referenced to solvated 129Xe in H2O. The saturation offset was highly temperature-dependent with a slope of -0.41(3) ppm/K, which is attributed to hyperfine interactions between the encapsulated 129Xe nucleus and electron spins on the four CoII centers. As such, [XeCo4L6]4- represents the first example of a paramagnetic hyper-CEST (paraHYPERCEST) sensor. Remarkably, the hyper-CEST 129Xe NMR resonance for [XeCo4L6]4- (δ = -89 ppm) was shifted 105 ppm upfield from the diamagnetic analogue [XeFe4L6]4- (δ = +16 ppm). The Xe inclusion complex was further characterized in the crystal structure of (C(NH2)3)4[Xe0.7Co4L6]·75 H2O (1). Hydrogen bonding between capsule-linker sulfonate groups and exogenous guanidinium cations, (C(NH2)3)+, stabilized capsule-capsule interactions in the solid state and also assisted in trapping a Xe atom (∼42 Å3) in the large (135 Å3) cavity of 1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed the presence of four noninteracting, magnetically anisotropic high-spin CoII centers in 1. Furthermore, [Co4L6]4- was found to be stable toward aggregation and oxidation, and the CEST performance of [XeCo4L6]4- was unaffected by biological macromolecules in H2O. These results recommend metal-organic capsules for fundamental investigations of Xe host-guest chemistry as well as applications with highly sensitive 129Xe-based sensors.
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14
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Du K, Zemerov SD, Carroll PJ, Dmochowski IJ. Paramagnetic Shifts and Guest Exchange Kinetics in Co nFe 4-n Metal-Organic Capsules. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12758-12767. [PMID: 32851844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic resonance properties and exchange kinetics of guest molecules in a series of hetero-bimetallic capsules, [ConFe4-nL6]4- (n = 1-3), where L2- = 4,4'-bis[(2-pyridinylmethylene)amino]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonate. H bond networks between capsule sulfonates and guanidinium cations promote the crystallization of [ConFe4-nL6]4-. The following four isostructural crystals are reported: two guest-free forms, (C(NH2)3)4[Co1.8Fe2.2L6]·69H2O (1) and (C(NH2)3)4[Co2.7Fe1.3L6]·73H2O (2), and two Xe- and CFCl3-encapsulated forms, (C(NH2)3)4[(Xe)0.8Co1.8Fe2.2L6]·69H2O (3) and (C(NH2)3)4[(CFCl3)Co2.0Fe2.0L6]·73H2O (4), respectively. Structural analyses reveal that Xe induces negligible structural changes in 3, while the angles between neighboring phenyl groups expand by ca. 3° to accommodate the much larger guest, CFCl3, in 4. These guest-encapsulated [ConFe4-nL6]4- molecules reveal 129Xe and 19F chemical shift changes of ca. -22 and -10 ppm at 298 K, respectively, per substitution of low-spin FeII by high-spin CoII. Likewise, the temperature dependence of the 129Xe and 19F NMR resonances increases by 0.1 and 0.06 ppm/K, respectively, with each additional paramagnetic CoII center. The optimal temperature for hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) with [ConFe4-nL6]4- capsules was found to be inversely proportional to the number of CoII centers, n, which is consistent with the Xe chemical exchange accelerating as the portals expand. The systematic study was facilitated by the tunability of the [M4L6]4- capsules, further highlighting these metal-organic systems for developing responsive sensors with highly shifted 129Xe resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Serge D Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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15
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Akine S, Sakata Y. Control of Guest Binding Kinetics in Macrocycles and Molecular Cages. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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16
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Guest Exchange Mechanisms in Mono‐Metallic Pd
II
/Pt
II
‐Cages Based on a Tetra‐Pyridyl Calix[4]pyrrole Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Escobar L, Escudero‐Adán EC, Ballester P. Guest Exchange Mechanisms in Mono‐Metallic Pd
II
/Pt
II
‐Cages Based on a Tetra‐Pyridyl Calix[4]pyrrole Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16105-16109. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Escobar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Eduardo C. Escudero‐Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- School of Science, Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- School of Science, Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Jingfang Pei
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- School of Science, Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- School of Science, Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Shangshang Wang
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- School of Science, Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science, Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
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19
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Akine S, Miyashita M, Nabeshima T. A Closed Metallomolecular Cage that can Open its Aperture by Disulfide Exchange. Chemistry 2019; 25:1432-1435. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI); Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Masato Miyashita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
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20
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He Y, Yuan L, Chen G, Zhang L, Zhang J. Coordination Assembly of the Water‐Soluble Ti
4
(embonate)
6
Cages with Mn
2+
Ions. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Lv‐Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
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21
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He YP, Yuan LB, Chen GH, Lin QP, Wang F, Zhang L, Zhang J. Water-Soluble and Ultrastable Ti4L6 Tetrahedron with Coordination Assembly Function. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16845-16851. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lv-Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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22
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Synthesis, structural characterization and photoluminescent properties of 2D multilayer Cu + coordination polymers via C H⋯π and π⋯π interactions. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Mondal P, Rath SP. A Tunable Cyclic Container: Guest-Induced Conformational Switching, Efficient Guest Exchange, and Selective Isolation of C70
from a Fullerene Mixture. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1824-1835. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
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24
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Mosquera J, Szyszko B, Ho SKY, Nitschke JR. Sequence-selective encapsulation and protection of long peptides by a self-assembled Fe II8L 6 cubic cage. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14882. [PMID: 28358028 PMCID: PMC5379102 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly offers a general strategy for the preparation of large, hollow high-symmetry structures. Although biological capsules, such as virus capsids, are capable of selectively recognizing complex cargoes, synthetic encapsulants have lacked the capability to specifically bind large and complex biomolecules. Here we describe a cubic host obtained from the self-assembly of FeII and a zinc-porphyrin-containing ligand. This cubic cage is flexible and compatible with aqueous media. Its selectivity of encapsulation is driven by the coordination of guest functional groups to the zinc porphyrins. This new host thus specifically encapsulates guests incorporating imidazole and thiazole moieties, including drugs and peptides. Once encapsulated, the reactivity of a peptide is dramatically altered: encapsulated peptides are protected from trypsin hydrolysis, whereas physicochemically similar peptides that do not bind are cleaved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sarah K. Y. Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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25
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Akine S, Miyashita M, Nabeshima T. A Metallo-molecular Cage That Can Close the Apertures with Coordination Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4631-4634. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Miyashita
- Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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26
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Rizzuto FJ, Wu WY, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Peripheral Templation Generates an M(II) 6 L4 Guest-Binding Capsule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7958-62. [PMID: 27095669 PMCID: PMC4999047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo‐octahedral MII6L4 capsules result from the subcomponent self‐assembly of 2‐formylphenanthroline, threefold‐symmetric triamines, and octahedral metal ions. Whereas neutral tetrahedral guests and most of the anions investigated were observed to bind within the central cavity, tetraphenylborate anions bound on the outside, with one phenyl ring pointing into the cavity. This binding configuration is promoted by the complementary arrangement of the phenyl rings of the intercalated guest between the phenanthroline units of the host. The peripherally bound, rapidly exchanging tetraphenylborate anions were found to template an otherwise inaccessible capsular structure in a manner usually associated with slow‐exchanging, centrally bound agents. Once formed, this cage was able to bind guests in its central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Rizzuto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Wen-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, P.R. China)
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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27
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28
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Wu K, Li K, Hou YJ, Pan M, Zhang LY, Chen L, Su CY. Homochiral D4-symmetric metal-organic cages from stereogenic Ru(II) metalloligands for effective enantioseparation of atropisomeric molecules. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10487. [PMID: 26839048 PMCID: PMC4742817 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Absolute chiral environments are rare in regular polyhedral and prismatic architectures, but are achievable from self-assembly of metal–organic cages/containers (MOCs), which endow us with a promising ability to imitate natural organization systems to accomplish stereochemical recognition, catalysis and separation. Here we report a general assembly approach to homochiral MOCs with robust chemical viability suitable for various practical applications. A stepwise process for assembly of enantiopure ΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔ- and ΛΛΛΛΛΛΛΛ-Pd6(RuL3)8 MOCs is accomplished by pre-resolution of the Δ/Λ-Ru-metalloligand precursors. The obtained Pd–Ru bimetallic MOCs feature in large D4-symmetric chiral space imposed by the predetermined Ru(II)-octahedral stereoconfigurations, which are substitutionally inert, stable, water-soluble and are capable of encapsulating a dozen guests per cage. Chiral resolution tests reveal diverse host–guest stereoselectivity towards different chiral molecules, which demonstrate enantioseparation ability for atropisomeric compounds with C2 symmetry. NMR studies indicate a distinctive resolution process depending on guest exchange dynamics, which is differentiable between host–guest diastereomers. Homochiral molecular capsules offer potential applications in chiral separation and stereospecific catalysis. Here, by pre-resolution of Δ/Λ-metalloligand precursors, the authors are able to assemble enantiopure supramolecular cages capable of stereoselective host-guest behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kang Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ya-Jun Hou
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lu-Yin Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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29
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Synthesis, structure, characterization and luminescent properties of copper(I) complexes based on bis-diimine bridging ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Foster JA, Parker RM, Belenguer AM, Kishi N, Sutton S, Abell C, Nitschke JR. Differentially Addressable Cavities within Metal–Organic Cage-Cross-Linked Polymeric Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9722-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Foster
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Belenguer
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Norifumi Kishi
- Chemical
Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Sam Sutton
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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31
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Ferguson A, Staniland RW, Fitchett CM, Squire MA, Williamson BE, Kruger PE. Variation of guest selectivity within [Fe4L4](8+) tetrahedral cages through subtle modification of the face-capping ligand. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:14550-3. [PMID: 25178679 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the host-guest behaviour of two isoelectronic [Fe4L4](8+) tetrahedral cages that differ only in the nature of their face-capping ligand and possess either triazine (L1) or benzene (L2) cores. Crystallography reveals these hosts to be flexible and adaptable, while NMR spectroscopy shows them to be selective and discriminating in their host-guest behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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32
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Cook TR, Stang PJ. Recent Developments in the Preparation and Chemistry of Metallacycles and Metallacages via Coordination. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7001-45. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 359 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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33
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Huang TH, Zhang MH. Novel copper(I) complexes with extended π⋯π interactions: Synthesis, structure, characterization and spectroscopic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Cookson NJ, Henkelis JJ, Ansell RJ, Fishwick CWG, Hardie MJ, Fisher J. Encapsulation of sodium alkyl sulfates by the cyclotriveratrylene-based, [Pd6L8]12+ stella octangula cage. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5657-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00237g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR studies have revealed that a [Pd6L8]12+ stella octangula cage can act as host to two molecules of alkyl sulfate; with chain lengths of 8–14 carbons.
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35
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Huang TH, Zhang MH. Syntheses, Structures, Characterisation, and Spectroscopic Properties of CuI and AgI Complexes with Extended C–H···π and π···π Interactions. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the ligands N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzene-1,4-diamine (pmb) and N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (pmbb), the three compounds [Cu2(pmb) (PPh3)2(Cl)2] (1), [Cu2(pmbb)(CH3CN)2(PPh3)2](BF4)2·2DMF (2), and [Ag2(pmbb)(PPh3)2] (ClO4)2 (3) have been synthesised and characterised. Structural analysis reveals that all of these complexes contain 1D supramolecular arrays, with different variations in π-stacking patterns and intermolecular C–H···π interactions. Crystal structures of 1 and 2 contain 1D tape-like arrays formed by C–H···π and π···π interactions, and an ordered-layer-lattice of DMF and BF4– in 2 is located between the one-dimensional array. For 3, π-stacking interactions lead to the construction of 1D supramolecular arrays and a 2D network. The results indicate that C–H···π and π···π interactions play an important role in the construction of the supramolecular structure. In addition, the absorption peaks of complexes 1 and 3 in the solid state at room temperature show intraligand charge transfer and metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorptions. The optical and fluorescent properties of 2 were also studied in acetonitrile solution at room temperature.
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Hall GS, Emerson AJ, Turner DR. A non-platonic M 4L 4 complex constructed using heterotopic ligands. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual, chloride-capped M4L4 complex has been prepared using heterotopic ligands with carboxylate and dipyridyl coordinating sites.
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Liu G, Ju Z, Yuan D, Hong M. In Situ Construction of a Coordination Zirconocene Tetrahedron. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13815-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402428m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on
the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanfeng Ju
- State Key
Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on
the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key
Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on
the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key
Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on
the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, People’s Republic of China
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Ramsay WJ, Ronson TK, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Bidirectional Regulation of Halide Binding in a Heterometallic Supramolecular Cube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13439-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ramsay WJ, Ronson TK, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Bidirectional Regulation of Halide Binding in a Heterometallic Supramolecular Cube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Mallick A, Garai B, Díaz DD, Banerjee R. Hydrolytic Conversion of a Metal-Organic Polyhedron into a Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13755-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Mallick A, Garai B, Díaz DD, Banerjee R. Hydrolytic Conversion of a Metal-Organic Polyhedron into a Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Mahata K, Frischmann PD, Würthner F. Giant electroactive M4L6 tetrahedral host self-assembled with Fe(II) vertices and perylene bisimide dye edges. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15656-61. [PMID: 24059438 DOI: 10.1021/ja4083039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of octahedral Fe(II) ions and linear perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes with 2,2'-bipyridine groups covalently attached at the imide positions quantitatively yields an Fe4(PBI)6 tetrahedron by the directional bonding approach. With an edge length of 3.9 nm and estimated internal volume >950 Å(3), tetrahedron T is one of the largest M4L6 tetrahedra ever reported. Importantly, many of the desirable photo- and electroactive properties of the PBI ligands are transferred to the nanoscale metallosupramolecule. Tetrahedron T absorbs strongly across the visible spectrum out to 650 nm and exhibits a total of 7 highly reversible electrochemical oxidation and reduction waves spanning a 3.0 V range. This facile cycling of 34 electrons between +18 and -16 charged species is likely enabled due to the porous nature of the tetrahedron that allows the necessary counterions to freely flow in and out of the host. Host-guest encapsulation of C60 by T in acetonitrile was studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and ESI-MS, confirming that the tetrahedron is a suitable host for large, functional guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsuk Mahata
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Ronson TK, Zarra S, Black SP, Nitschke JR. Metal-organic container molecules through subcomponent self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2476-90. [PMID: 23289097 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A variety of different three-dimensional metal-organic container molecules have recently been prepared using subcomponent self-assembly, which relies upon metal template effects to generate complex structures from simple molecular precursors and metal salts. Many of these structures have well defined internal pockets, allowing guest species to be bound and the chemical reactivity of these guests to be modified. Such host molecules have potential applications ranging from the protection of sensitive chemical species to the separation and purification of substrates as diverse as gases, gold compounds, and fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K Ronson
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Smulders MMJ, Zarra S, Nitschke JR. Quantitative Understanding of Guest Binding Enables the Design of Complex Host–Guest Behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7039-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Zarra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
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Schouwey C, Scopelliti R, Severin K. An Imine-Based Molecular Cage with Distinct Binding Sites for Small and Large Alkali Metal Cations. Chemistry 2013; 19:6274-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tartaggia S, De Lucchi O, Gambaro A, Zangrando R, Fabris F, Scarso A. Chiral M3L2Self-Assembled Capsules through Metal Coordination of Enantiopure Ligating Benzocyclotrimers: NMR Spectroscopic and ESI Mass Spectrometric Investigation. Chemistry 2013; 19:5701-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Clegg JK, Cremers J, Hogben AJ, Breiner B, Smulders MMJ, Thoburn JD, Nitschke JR. A stimuli responsive system of self-assembled anion-binding Fe4L68+cages. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Samanta SK, Schmittel M. Guest encapsulation and coronene–C60 exchange in supramolecular zinc porphyrin tweezers, grids and prisms. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3108-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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49
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Stephenson A, Sykes D, Ward MD. Cu12 and Cd16 coordination cages and their Cu3 and Cd3 subcomponents, and the role of inter-ligand π-stacking in stabilising cage complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6756-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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