1
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Rychikhina ED, Ivanova SS, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Silicon(IV) complexes of octaaryl-substituted porphyrazines and corrolazines: influence of macrocycle contraction on spectral-luminescence, acid-base, and redox properties. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6831-6840. [PMID: 37144418 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The template cyclomerization of the iminoimide derivatives (obtained by the treatment of diarylfumarodinitriles with NH3 in methanol containing catalytic amounts of dissolved Na) in the presence of SiCl4 in pyridine leads to silicon(IV) octaarylporphyrazine complexes ((HO)2SiPzAr8, Ar = Ph, tBuPh) as a main reaction product. In the case of phenyl-substituted derivative, the formation of a distinctive Si(IV) complex as a byproduct was observed, which according to mass-spectroscopy measurement contains the macrocycle with five diphenylpyrrolic units. The treatment of bishydroxy complexes with tripropylchlorosilane in the presence of magnesium in pyridine leads to the formation of axially siloxylated porphyrazines (Pr3SiO)2SiPzAr8, followed by the reductive contraction of the macrocycle and formation of the corresponding corrolazine complexes (Pr3SiO)SiCzAr8. It is shown that the addition of acid (trifluoroacetic acid, TFA) facilitates the detachment of one siloxy group in (Pr3SiO)2SiPzAr8 and is essential for its Pz → Cz transformation. In the presence of TFA, only one meso-nitrogen is protonated in the porphyrazine complexes (Pr3SiO)2SiPzAr8 (stability constant of the protonated form pKs1 = -0.45 for Ar = Ph; pKs1 = 0.68 for Ar = tBuPh), while two consequent protonation stages are observed for the more basic corrolazine complex (Pr3SiO)SiCzPh8 (pKs1 = 0.93, pKs2 = 0.45). Both types of Si(IV) complexes are poorly fluorescent (ΦF < 0.07). The porphyrazine complexes have low ability to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ < 0.15), whereas the corrolazine derivative (Pr3SiO)SiCzPh8 is a very efficient photosensitizer (ΦΔ = 0.76).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Rychikhina
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Svetlana S Ivanova
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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2
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Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Yin B, Osuka A, Song J. Expanded Azaporphyrins Consisting of Multiple BODIPY Units: Global Aromaticity and High Affinities Towards Alkali Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206899. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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3
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Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Yin B, Osuka A, Song J. Expanded Azaporphyrins Consisting of Multiple BODIPY Units: Global Aromaticity and High Affinities Towards Alkali Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Rao
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ling Xu
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianxin Song
- Hunan Normal University Chemistry Yue Lu Qu Lushan Road 36 410081 Changsha CHINA
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4
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Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Boreen MA, Mangel DN, Arnold J, Sessler JL. Porphyrinoid actinide complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3735-3758. [PMID: 35451437 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diverse coordination modes and electronic features of actinide complexes of porphyrins and related oligopyrrolic systems (referred to as "porpyrinoids") have been the subject of interest since the 1960s. Given their stability and accessibility, most work with actinides has focused on thorium and uranium. This trend is also seen in the case of porphyrinoid-based complexation studies. Nevertheless, the diversity of ligand environments provided by porphyrinoids has led to the stabilization of a number of unique complexes with the early actinides that are often without structural parallel within the broader coordination chemical lexicon. This review summarizes key examples of prophyrinoid actinide complexes reported to date, including the limited number of porphyrinoid systems involving transuranic elements. The emphasis will be on synthesis and structure; however, the electronic features and reactivity pattern of representative systems will be detailed as well. Coverage is through December of 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela I Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Michael A Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Daniel N Mangel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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5
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Li Z, Zhang L, Wu Q, Li H, Kang Z, Yu C, Hao E, Jiao L. Boron-Templated Synthesis of B(III)-Submonoazaporphyrins: The Hybrids of B(III)-Subporphyrins and B(III)-Subporphyrazines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6692-6697. [PMID: 35294839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new class of hybridized and core-contracted porphyrinoids, B(III)-submonoazaporphyrins, which may be viewed as the hybrids of B(III)-subporphyrins and B(III)-subporphyrazines, was reported. The versatile single-step synthesis was based on an efficient intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction on readily available α-amino-α'-bromotripyrromethenes, while boronic acids, trifluoroborate salts, or trimethoxyborate simultaneously acted as the template and provider of apical substituent. Those new hybrids, as robust and photostable compounds, were fully characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. They showed intense absorption and emission in the visible region, and their electrochemical properties and computational calculation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhengxin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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6
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Chan JYM, Okada Y, Kawata T, Kobayashi N, Ng DKP. Phenanthroline-Fused Phthalocyanine Analogues Having a Monovalent Corrole Inner Perimeter and 4nπ Nonaromatic Properties. Org Lett 2021; 23:5942-5946. [PMID: 34310155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 4,5-bis(4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)phthalonitrile with 2,9-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline in the presence of M(OAc)2 (M = Ni, Pd, Zn) afforded a series of phenanthroline-fused phthalocyanine analogues with a 16 π-electron skeleton. While the arrangement of elements along the inner perimeter of these macrocycles is the same as that of the hitherto reported trivalent corroles, they represent the first example of porphyrinoids possessing a monovalent corrole inner perimeter and nonaromatic characteristics as revealed by their spectroscopic data and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y M Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Yusuke Okada
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawata
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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7
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Dudkin SV, Kawata T, Belova SA, Okada Y, Kobayashi N. Synthesis of metal-free tetraazaisobacteriochlorin and via template condensation of phthalogenes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619502031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The indium(III) complexes of (4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-substituted tetraazaisobacteriochlorin (TAiBC) and tetraazachlorin (TAC) were synthesized by direct template condensation of bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)fumaronitrile and tetramethylsuccinonitrile using indium(III) ion as a matrix. The corresponding metal-free tetraazaisobacteriochlorin and tetraazachlorin were obtained by demetallation of their indium(III) complexes. These metal-free complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, mass-spectrometry, 1H and [Formula: see text]C{1H}NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis and MCD spectroscopy as well as DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Due to the low symmetry of the molecules, the NMR data were complex, but could be assigned by collecting 1D- and 2D NMR data and comparing with the results of quantum chemical calculations. From the position of the pyrrole proton signal (6.78 ppm), it was found that the diatropic current of TAiBC is much weaker than that of TAC, and plausibly the weakest among porphyrinoids so far reported. Absorption and MCD spectra were reasonably interpreted using the calculated absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semyon V. Dudkin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawata
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Svetlana A. Belova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yusuke Okada
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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8
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Fang L, Huang C, Shabir G, Liang J, Liu Z, Zhang H. Hyperbranching-Enhanced-Emission Effect Discovered in Hyperbranched Poly(4-(cyanomethyl)phenyl methacrylate). ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1605-1610. [PMID: 35619399 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To disclose the effect of architecture over fluorescence behaviors of polymers, linear and hyperbranched poly(4-(cyanomethyl)phenyl methacrylate)s (PCPMAs) were synthesized by using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Compared to linear PCPMAs with weakly AIE (AIE: aggregation-induced-emission) characteristics and small-molecule analogues of 4-(cyanomethyl)phenyl isobutyrate (CPB) with ACQ (ACQ: aggregation-caused-quenching) behaviors, hyperbranched PCPMA showed dramatically stronger fluorescence at both solution and solid states and more significant AIE characteristics, which were further enhanced by increasing the branching degree, indicating a significant hyperbranching-enhanced-emission effect (HEE). The HEE effect was attributed to the strong promotion of hyperbranched architecture over the formation of a nitrile group cluster with through-space conjugation (TSC). The HEE effect provided a promising methodology to construct efficient nontraditional fluorescent polymers without large-conjugated, rigid, and planar emitter groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiping Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chushu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Building, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road 22, Shantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Jinlun Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
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9
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Template-controlled on-surface synthesis of a lanthanide supernaphthalocyanine and its open-chain polycyanine counterpart. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5049. [PMID: 31695045 PMCID: PMC6834595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines possess unique optical and electronic properties and thus are widely used in (opto)electronic devices, coatings, photodynamic therapy, etc. Extension of their π-electron systems could produce molecular materials with red-shifted absorption for a broader range of applications. However, access to expanded phthalocyanine analogues with more than four isoindoline units is challenging due to the limited synthetic possibilities. Here, we report the controlled on-surface synthesis of a gadolinium-supernaphthalocyanine macrocycle and its open-chain counterpart poly(benzodiiminoisoindoline) on a silver surface from a naphthalene dicarbonitrile precursor. Their formation is controlled by the on-surface high-dilution principle and steered by different metal templates, i.e., gadolinium atoms and the bare silver surface, which also act as oligomerization catalysts. By using scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, the chemical structures along with the mechanical and electronic properties of these phthalocyanine analogues with extended π-conjugation are investigated in detail. Extending the π‐conjugation of phthalocyanine dyes, while synthetically challenging, has the potential to produce desirable new molecular materials. Here, the authors use a templated on‐surface approach to synthesize several extended phthalocyanine derivatives from the same building block, including a lanthanide superphthalocyanine and an open‐chain polycyanine.
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10
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Umetani M, Kim J, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. 5,20-Diheterohexaphyrins: metal-template-free synthesis and aromaticity switching. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10547-10550. [PMID: 31414678 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05580k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As the first example of expanded heteroporphyrins with heteroatoms at meso-positions, 5,20-dithiahexaphyrins and 5,20-diazahexaphyrins were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions of α,α'-dibromotripyrrin as the key step. While 5,20-dithiahexaphyrins are practically nonaromatic, 5,20-[28]diazahexaphyrins show weakly antiaromatic characters and can be cleanly converted into aromatic 5,20-[26]diazahexaphyrins upon oxidation with PbO2, demonstrating distinct aromaticity switching with maintenance of dumbbell-like conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Umetani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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11
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Zheng W, Zhao Y, Zhuang W, Wu J, Wang F, Li C, Zuo J. Phthalorubines: Fused‐Ring Compounds Synthesized from Phthalonitrile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15384-15389. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Hao Zhuang
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Jing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Fang‐Zhou Wang
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Hui Li
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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12
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Zheng W, Zhao Y, Zhuang W, Wu J, Wang F, Li C, Zuo J. Phthalorubines: Fused‐Ring Compounds Synthesized from Phthalonitrile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Hao Zhuang
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Jing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Fang‐Zhou Wang
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Hui Li
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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13
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Fernández-Ariza J, Urbani M, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Torres T. Panchromatic Photosensitizers Based on Push-Pull, Unsymmetrically Substituted Porphyrazines. Chemistry 2017; 24:2618-2625. [PMID: 29205575 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of five push-pull porphyrazines of A3 B type, in which unit B is an isoindole 4-carboxylic acid, has been prepared. The units A have been endowed with thioether, amine, ether and alkyl functions, either directly attached to the β-position of the pyrrolic units, or connected to the porphyrazine core through p-substituted phenyl groups. Attaching the electron-donor functions to the porphyrazine periphery produces strong perturbations in the electronic and redox properties of the dyes. Their HOMO and LUMO energies, estimated from the optical and redox data, as well as with DFT calculations, raise upon functionalization with amines, while the corresponding frontier orbital energetic levels lower upon functionalization with thioethers, p-methoxyphenyl or p-tert-butylphenyl groups. The effective interaction of peripheral substitution with the macrocycle produces chromophores with panchromatic absorption between 300 and 750-850 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Ariza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/ Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/ Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Afanasenko AM, Boyarskaya DV, Boyarskaya IA, Chulkova TG, Grigoriev YM, Kolesnikov IE, Avdontceva MS, Panikorovskii TL, Panin AI, Vereshchagin AN, Elinson MN. Structures and photophysical properties of 3,4-diaryl-1H-pyrrol-2,5-diimines and 2,3-diarylmaleimides. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Furuyama T, Kobayashi N. Azaporphyrin phosphorus(v) complexes: synthesis, structure, and modification of optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15596-15612. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azaporphyrinoids, such as phthalocyanines (Pcs), tetraazaporphyrins (TAPs), and tetrabenzotriazacorroles (TBCs), are some of the most well-known and successful artificial dyes and pigments in modern material chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kakuma-machi
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
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16
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Bolotaulo D, Metta-Magaña A, Fortier S. F-element metalated dipyrrins: synthesis and characterization of a family of uranyl bis(dipyrrinate) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3284-3294. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an improved, chromatography-free dipyrrin synthesis, a new family of actinide dipyrrinate complexes has been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duer Bolotaulo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
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17
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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18
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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19
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Joslin EE, Zaragoza JPT, Baglia RA, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. The Influence of Peripheral Substituent Modification on P(V), Mn(III), and Mn(V)(O) Corrolazines: X-ray Crystallography, Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties, and HAT and OAT Reactivities. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8646-60. [PMID: 27529361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of remote peripheral substitution on the physicochemical properties and reactivity of phosphorus and manganese corrolazine (Cz) complexes was examined. The substitution of p-MeO for p-t-Bu groups on the eight phenyl substituents of the β-carbon atoms of the Cz ring led to changes in UV-vis transitions and redox potentials for each of the complexes. The oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of the Mn(V)(O) complexes was also influenced by p-MeO substitution. The OAT reactivity of Mn(V)(O)(MeOP8Cz) (MeOP8Cz = octakis(p-methoxyphenyl)corrolazinato(3-)) with triarylphosphine (PAr3) substrates led to second-order rate constants from 10.2(5) to 3.1(2) × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). These rates of OAT are slower than those seen for Mn(V)(O)(TBP8Cz) (TBP8Cz = octakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)corrolazinato(3-)). A Hammett study involving para-substituted PAr3 substrates reveals a Hammett ρ-value for Mn(V)(O)(MeOP8Cz) that is more negative than that observed for Mn(V)(O)(TBP8Cz), consistent with a less electrophilic Mn center. The HAT reactivity of Mn(V)(O)(MeOP8Cz) with C-H substrates was examined and revealed second-order rate constants from 6.8(5) × 10(-5) to 1.70(2) × 10(-1) M(-1) s(-1). The rate constants varied with the C-H bond strength of the substrate. Slightly faster HAT rates with C-H substrates were observed with Mn(V)(O)(MeOP8Cz) compared to Mn(V)(O)(TBP8Cz), indicating that the basicity of the putative [Mn(IV)(O)](-) intermediate likely compensates for the more negative redox potential in the driving force for HAT. In addition, the complete, large-scale synthesis of the para-phenyl-substituted porphyrazines RP8PzH2 (R = p-tert-butylphenyl (TB), p-methoxyphenyl (MeO), and p-isopropylphenyl) and corrolazines RP8CzH3 (TBP8CzH3 and MeOP8CzH3) is presented. The crystal structures of the monoprotonated, metal-free corrolazine [(TBP8CzH3)(H)](+)[BArF](-), P(V)(OMe)2(MeOP8Cz), and Mn(III)(MeOP8Cz)(MeOH) are presented. This work provides the first insights into the influence of electronic substituent effects on the corrolazine periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Joslin
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jan Paulo T Zaragoza
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Regina A Baglia
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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20
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Ivanov DM, Gushchin PV, Novikov AS, Avdontceva MS, Zolotarev AA, Starova GL, Chen Y, Liu S, Chou P, Kukushkin VY. Platinum(II)‐Mediated Double Coupling of 2,3‐Diphenylmaleimidine with Nitrile Functionalities To Give Annulated Pentaazanonatetraenate (PANT) Systems. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Pavel V. Gushchin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Margarita S. Avdontceva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Andrey A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Galina L. Starova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~ptchou/
| | - Shih‐Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~ptchou/
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~ptchou/
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V. O. Bolshoi Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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21
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Furuyama T, Sato T, Kobayashi N. A Bottom-up Synthesis of Antiaromatic Expanded Phthalocyanines: Pentabenzotriazasmaragdyrins, i.e. Norcorroles of Superphthalocyanines. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13788-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takehito Sato
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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22
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Yoshida T, Furuyama T, Asai M, Kobayashi N. Fluorescence Enhancement of Tetraazaporphyrins by the Use of Bulky Substituent Effects. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Mitsuo Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
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23
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Synthesis and optical properties of tetraazaporphyrin phosphorus(V) complexes with electron-rich heteroatoms. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Tasso TT, Furuyama T, Kobayashi N. Dinitriles Bearing AIE-Active Moieties: Synthesis,E/ZIsomerization, and Fluorescence Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:4817-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Furuyama T, Kobayashi N. Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Azaporphyrin Phosphorus Complexes. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Wang Z, He C, Song W, Gao Y, Chen Z, Dong Y, Zhao C, Li Z, Wu Y. The effect of peripheral substituents attached to phthalocyanines on the third order nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide–zinc(ii)phthalocyanine hybrids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both kinds of GO–ZnPc hybrid materials exhibit transformation of the NLO response from SA to RSA, and the β value of GO–ZnPc(DG)4 is larger than that of GO–ZnPc(TD)4 because of the stronger electron-donating peripheral substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Chunying He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Weina Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yachen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yongli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Zongle Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
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27
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Ho IT, Zhang Z, Ishida M, Lynch VM, Cha WY, Sung YM, Kim D, Sessler JL. A Hybrid Macrocycle with a Pyridine Subunit Displays Aromatic Character upon Uranyl Cation Complexation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4281-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Ho
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th
Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th
Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Education
Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th
Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Mo Sung
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th
Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
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28
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Furuyama T, Yoshida T, Hashizume D, Kobayashi N. Phosphorus(v) tetraazaporphyrins: porphyrinoids showing an exceptionally strong CT band between the Soret and Q bands. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus(v) tetraazaporphyrins which absorb over the complete UV-visible region have been synthesized for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)
- Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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29
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Furuyama T, Satoh K, Kushiya T, Kobayashi N. Design, synthesis, and properties of phthalocyanine complexes with main-group elements showing main absorption and fluorescence beyond 1000 nm. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:765-76. [PMID: 24328229 DOI: 10.1021/ja411016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive description of the unique properties of newly developed phthalocyanines (Pcs) containing main-group elements that absorb and emit in the near-IR region. Group 16 (S, Se, and Te) elements and group 15 (P, As, and Sb) elements were used as peripheral and central (core) substituents. With the introduction of group 16 elements into free-base Pc, a red-shift of the Q-band was observed, as a result of the electron-donating ability of group 16 elements particularly at the α positions. An X-ray crystallographic analysis of α-ArS-, ArSe-, and ArTe-linked free-base Pcs was also successfully performed, and the relationship between structure and optical properties was clarified. When a group 15 element ion was introduced into the center of the Pc ring, the resulting Pcs showed a single Q-band peak beyond 1000 nm (up to 1056 nm in CH2Cl2). In particular, [(ArS)8PcP(OMe)2](+) and [(ArS)8PcAs(OMe)2](+) exhibited a distinct fluorescence in the 960-1400 nm region with moderate quantum yields. The atomic radius of the group 15 element is important for determining the Pc structure, so that this can be controlled by the choice of group 15 elements. Electrochemical data revealed, while MO calculations suggested, that the red-shift of the Q-band is attributable to a decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap due to significant and moderate stabilization of the LUMO and HOMO, respectively. The effect of peripheral substutuents and a central P(V) ion on the Q-band shift was independently predicted by MO calculations, while the magnitude of the total calculated shift was in good agreement with the experimental observations. The combination of spectral, electrochemical, and theoretical considerations revealed that all of the central group 15 elements, peripheral group 16 elements, and their positions are necessary to shift the Q-band beyond 1000 nm, indicating that the substitution effects of group 15 and 16 elements act synergistically. The Pcs having Q-bands beyond 1000 nm in this study also had stability under aerobic conditions comparative to that of CuPc, which is presently being widely used in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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