1
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Meizyte G, Brown RH, Brewer EI, Watson PD, Mackenzie SR. A Combined Infrared and Computational Study of Gas-Phase Mixed-Ligand Rhodium Complexes: Rh(CO) n(N 2O) m+ ( n = 1-5, m = 1-4). J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9220-9228. [PMID: 37906705 PMCID: PMC10641848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mixed carbonyl and nitrous oxide complexes with Rh+ were studied by mass-selective infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in a molecular beam. The infrared spectra, recorded in the region of the CO and N2O N═N stretches, were assigned and interpreted with the aid of simulated spectra of low-energy structural isomers. Clear evidence of an inner coordination shell of four ligands is observed. The observed vibrational structure can be understood on the basis of local mode vibrations in the two ligands. However, there is also evidence of multiple low-lying isomers and cooperative binding effects between the two ligands. In particular, σ donation from directly coordinated nitrous oxide ligands drives more classical carbonyl bonding than has been observed in pure carbonyl complexes. The observed fragmentation branching ratios following resonant infrared absorption are explained by simple statistical and energetic arguments, providing a contrast with those of equivalent Au+ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meizyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QZ
| | - Rachael H. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QZ
| | - Edward I. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QZ
| | - Peter D. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QZ
| | - Stuart R. Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QZ
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2
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Martínez-Haya B, Avilés-Moreno JR, Gámez F, Martens J, Oomens J, Berden G. A Dynamic Proton Bond: MH +·H 2O ⇌ M·H 3O + Interconversion in Loosely Coordinated Environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1294-1300. [PMID: 36723385 PMCID: PMC9923742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of organic molecules with oxonium cations within their solvation shell may lead to the emergence of dynamic supramolecular structures with recurrently changing host-guest chemical identity. We illustrate this phenomenon in benchmark proton-bonded complexes of water with polyether macrocyles. Despite the smaller proton affinity of water versus the ether group, water in fact retains the proton in the form of H3O+, with increasing stability as the coordination number increases. Hindrance in many-fold coordination induces dynamic reversible (ether)·H3O+ ⇌ (etherH+)·H2O interconversion. We perform infrared action ion spectroscopy over a broad spectral range to expose the vibrational signatures of the loose proton bonding in these systems. Remarkably, characteristic bands for the two limiting proton bonding configurations are observed in the experimental vibrational spectra, superimposed onto diffuse bands associated with proton delocalization. These features cannot be described by static equilibrium structures but are accurately modeled within the framework of ab initio molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department
of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Gámez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Carr PJJ, Warneke J, Featherstone J, Jenne C, Loire E, Hopkins WS. The structure of proton-bound Triethylammonia (X = F, Cl) Clusters. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1595203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | | | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Estelle Loire
- CLIO/LCP Bat. 201, Porte 2, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Canada
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4
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De Vlugt IJS, Lecours MJ, Carr PJJ, Anwar A, Marta RA, Fillion E, Steinmetz V, Hopkins WS. Infrared-Driven Charge-Transfer in Transition Metal-Containing B12X122– (X = H, F) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7051-7061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J. S. De Vlugt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lecours
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patrick J. J. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ahdia Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rick A. Marta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Eric Fillion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- CLIO/LCP Bat. 201, Porte 2, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay 91405, Cedex, France
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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5
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Husch T, Freitag L, Reiher M. Calculation of Ligand Dissociation Energies in Large Transition-Metal Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2456-2468. [PMID: 29595973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The accurate calculation of ligand dissociation (or equivalently, ligand binding) energies is crucial for computational coordination chemistry. Despite its importance, obtaining accurate ab initio reference data is difficult, and density-functional methods of uncertain reliability are chosen for feasibility reasons. Here, we consider advanced coupled-cluster and multiconfigurational approaches to reinvestigate our WCCR10 set of 10 gas-phase ligand dissociation energies [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2014, 10, 3092]. We assess the potential multiconfigurational character of all molecules involved in these reactions with a multireference diagnostic [ Mol. Phys. 2017, 115, 2110] in order to determine where single-reference coupled-cluster approaches can be applied. For some reactions of the WCCR10 set, large deviations of density-functional results including semiclassical dispersion corrections from experimental reference data had been observed. This puzzling observation deserves special attention here, and we tackle the issue (i) by comparing to ab initio data that comprise dispersion effects on a rigorous first-principles footing and (ii) by a comparison of density-functional approaches that model dispersion interactions in various ways. For two reactions, species exhibiting nonnegligible static electron correlation were identified. These two reactions represent hard problems for electronic structure methods and also for multireference perturbation theories. However, most of the ligand dissociation reactions in WCCR10 do not exhibit static electron correlation effects, and hence, we may choose standard single-reference coupled-cluster approaches to compare with density-functional methods. For WCCR10, the Minnesota M06-L functional yielded the smallest mean absolute deviation of 13.2 kJ mol-1 out of all density functionals considered (PBE, BP86, BLYP, TPSS, M06-L, PBE0, B3LYP, TPSSh, and M06-2X) without additional dispersion corrections in comparison to the coupled-cluster results, and the PBE0-D3 functional produced the overall smallest mean absolute deviation of 4.3 kJ mol-1. The agreement of density-functional results with coupled-cluster data increases significantly upon inclusion of any type of dispersion correction. It is important to emphasize that different density-functional schemes available for this purpose perform equally well. The coupled-cluster dissociation energies, however, deviate from experimental results on average by 30.3 kJ mol-1. Possible reasons for these deviations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Husch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Leon Freitag
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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6
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Boles GC, Hightower RL, Coates RA, McNary CP, Berden G, Oomens J, Armentrout PB. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectra of Aspartic Acid Complexes with Zn2+ and Cd2+. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3836-3853. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia C. Boles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Randy L. Hightower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Coates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher P. McNary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7c, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7c, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Jašíková L, Roithová J. Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation Spectroscopy with Free-Electron Lasers: On the Road from Small Molecules to Biomolecules. Chemistry 2018; 24:3374-3390. [PMID: 29314303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy is commonly used to determine the structure of isolated, mass-selected ions in the gas phase. This method has been widely used since it became available at free-electron laser (FEL) user facilities. Thus, in this Minireview, we examine the use of IRMPD/FEL spectroscopy for investigating ions derived from small molecules, metal complexes, organometallic compounds and biorelevant ions. Furthermore, we outline new applications of IRMPD spectroscopy to study biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jašíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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8
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Carr PJJ, Lecours MJ, Burt MJ, Marta RA, Steinmetz V, Fillion E, Hopkins WS. Mode-Selective Laser Control of Palladium Catalyst Decomposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:157-162. [PMID: 29244504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that molecules behave ergodically during chemical reactions, that is, reactivities depend only on the total energy content and not on the initial state of the molecule. While there are a few examples of nonergodic behavior in small (usually electronically excited) species, to date there have been no reports of such behavior in larger covalently bound species composed of several tens of atoms. Here, we demonstrate vibrational mode-selective behavior in a series of palladium catalysts. When we excite solvent-tagged gas-phase Pd catalysts with an infrared laser that is tuned to be resonant with specific molecular vibrations, depending on which vibration we excite, we can select different reaction pathways. We also demonstrate that this behavior can be "turned off" via chemical substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J J Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael J Lecours
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael J Burt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rick A Marta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Laboratoire Chemie Physique, CLIO/LCP , Bâtiment 201, Campus Universitaire d'Orsay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Eric Fillion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Yue L, Li J, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Shaik S, Schwarz H. Steuerung der Produktverteilung und der Mechanismen der thermischen Aktivierung von Methan durch Ligandeneffekte und elektrische Felder. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 Volksrepublik China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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10
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Yue L, Li J, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Shaik S, Schwarz H. Control of Product Distribution and Mechanism by Ligation and Electric Field in the Thermal Activation of Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10219-10223. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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11
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Gao J, Bouwman J, Berden G, Oomens J. The Influence of Metal Ion Binding on the IR Spectra of Nitrogen-Containing PAHs. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7800-7809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juehan Gao
- Radboud
University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordy Bouwman
- Radboud
University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud
University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud
University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Čížková M, Pospíšil L, Klepetářová B, Koval D, Teplý F. Linquats: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Linear Extended Diquats. Chemistry 2016; 22:12154-9. [PMID: 27405657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report an innovative synthetic route to linear extended diquats (linquats). Our approach is short and efficient and features a highly modular reaction sequence based on two-fold quaternization followed by the key intramolecular [2+2+2] alkyne cycloaddition. The physico-chemical properties of four new linquats were characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallography, and electrochemistry complemented by information obtained from DFT calculations. Electron deficient N-heteroaromatic cations with linear extended diquat motif with high electron affinities have been recently recognized as attractive n-type semiconductors for chemical and biological sensing. Their advantageous redox properties such as very fast reversible electron transfers make the title compounds interesting for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Čížková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Koval
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Teplý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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13
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Nath NK, Severa L, Kunetskiy RA, Císařová I, Fulem M, Růžička K, Koval D, Kašička V, Teplý F, Naumov P. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transition in an Enantiopure [7]Helquat Salt: The First Observation of a Reversible Phase Transition in a Helicene-Like Compound. Chemistry 2015; 21:13508-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Gray A, Tsybizova A, Roithova J. Carboxylate-assisted C-H activation of phenylpyridines with copper, palladium and ruthenium: a mass spectrometry and DFT study. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5544-5553. [PMID: 29861892 PMCID: PMC5949854 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01729g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition state of metal carboxylate mediated C–H activation is associated with carbon–metal bond formation supported by electron-poor carboxylates.
The C–H activation of 2-phenylpyridine, catalyzed by copper(ii), palladium(ii) and ruthenium(ii) carboxylates, was studied in the gas phase. ESI-MS, infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations were combined to investigate the intermediate species in the reaction. Collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments and DFT calculations allowed estimation of the energy required for this C–H activation step and the subsequent acetic acid loss. Hammett plots constructed from the CID experiments using different copper carboxylates as catalysts revealed that the use of stronger acids accelerates the C–H activation step. The reasoning can be traced from the associated transition structures that suggest a concerted mechanism and the key effect of the carbon–metal bond pre-formation. Carboxylates derived from stronger acids make the metal atom more electrophilic and therefore shift the reaction towards the formation of C–H activated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gray
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 12843 Prague 2 , Czech Republic .
| | - A Tsybizova
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 12843 Prague 2 , Czech Republic .
| | - J Roithova
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 12843 Prague 2 , Czech Republic .
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15
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Škríba A, Schulz J, Roithová J. Monitoring of Reaction Intermediates in the Gas Phase: Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–C Coupling. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500933w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Škríba
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schulz
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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16
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Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Schütz M, Bouchet A, Piccirillo S, Steinmetz V, Dopfer O, Fornarini S. Cation-π interactions in protonated phenylalkylamines. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7130-8. [PMID: 25061749 DOI: 10.1021/jp505037n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalkylamines of the general formula C6H5(CH2)nNH2 (n = 1-4) have been delivered to the gas phase as protonated species using electrospray ionization. The ions thus formed have been assayed by IRMPD spectroscopy in two different spectroscopic domains, namely, the 600-1800 and the 3000-3500 cm(-1) regions using either an IR free electron laser or a tabletop OPO/OPA laser source. The interpretation of the experimental spectra is aided by density functional theory calculations of candidate species and vibrational frequency analyses. Protonated benzylamine presents a relatively straightforward instance of a single stable conformer, providing a trial case for the adopted approach. Turning to the higher homologues, C6H5(CH2)nNH3(+) (n = 2-4), more conformations become accessible. For each C6H5(CH2)nNH3(+) ion (n = 2-4), the most stable geometry is characterized by cation-π interactions between the positively charged ammonium group and the aromatic π-electronic system, permitted by the folding of the polymethylene chain. The IRMPD spectra of the sampled ions confirm the presence of the folded structures by comparison with the calculated IR spectra of the various possible conformers. An inspection of the NH stretching region is helpful in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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17
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Čížková M, Šaman D, Koval D, Kašička V, Klepetářová B, Císařová I, Teplý F. Modular Synthesis of Helicene-Like Compounds Based on the Imidazolium Motif. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Pospíšil L, Bednárová L, Štěpánek P, Slavíček P, Vávra J, Hromadová M, Dlouhá H, Tarábek J, Teplý F. Intense Chiroptical Switching in a Dicationic Helicene-Like Derivative: Exploration of a Viologen-Type Redox Manifold of a Non-Racemic Helquat. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10826-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500220j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Pospíšil
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vávra
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Dlouhá
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Teplý
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Chiu CC, Hung CC, Chen CL, Cheng PY. Ultrafast Time-Resolved Broadband Fluorescence Studies of the Benzene-Tetracyanoethylene Complex: Solvation, Vibrational Relaxation, and Charge Recombination Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9734-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404615u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chang Hung
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
| | - Po-Yuan Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
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20
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Vávra J, Severa L, Císařová I, Klepetářová B, Šaman D, Koval D, Kašička V, Teplý F. Search for Conglomerate in Set of [7]Helquat Salts: Multigram Resolution of Helicene–Viologen Hybrid by Preferential Crystallization. J Org Chem 2012; 78:1329-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301615k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vávra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Severa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43
Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Koval
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Teplý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo
n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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