1
|
Martín J, Schörgenhumer J, Biedrzycki M, Nevado C. (P^N^C) Ligands to Stabilize Gold(III): A Straightforward Access to Hydroxo, Formate, and Hydride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8390-8396. [PMID: 38657169 PMCID: PMC11080065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of (P^N^C) pincer ligands capable of stabilizing elusive gold(III) species is reported here. Straightforward access to (P^N^C)gold(III) hydroxo, formate, and hydride complexes has been streamlined by first incorporating a cycloauration step devoid of toxic metals or harsh conditions. The resulting gold complexes exhibit remarkable stability in solution as well as in the solid state under ambient conditions, which enabled their characterization by X-ray diffraction analyses. Interestingly, the influence of the ligand allowed the preparation of gold(III)-hydrides using mild hydride donors such as H-Bpin, which contrasts with sensitive super hydrides or strong acids and cryogenic conditions employed in previous protocols. A detailed bonding characterization of these species is complemented by reactivity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schörgenhumer
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michał Biedrzycki
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hess KM, Leach IF, Wijtenhorst L, Lee H, Klein JEMN. Valence Tautomerism Induced Proton Coupled Electron Transfer:X-H Bond Oxidation with a Dinuclear Au(II) Hydroxide Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318916. [PMID: 38324462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of the dinuclear AuII hydroxide complex AuII 2(L)2(OH)2 (L=N,N'-bis (2,6-dimethyl) phenylformamidinate) and study its reactivity towards weak X-H bonds. Through the interplay of kinetic analysis and computational studies, we demonstrate that the oxidation of cyclohexadiene follows a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (cPCET) mechanism, a rare type of reactivity for Au complexes. We find that the Au-Au σ-bond undergoes polarization in the PCET event leading to an adjustment of oxidation levels for both Au centers prior to C(sp3)-H bond cleavage. We thus describe the oxidation event as a valence tautomerism-induced PCET where the basicity of one reduced Au-OH unit provides a proton acceptor and the second more oxidized Au center serves as an electron acceptor. The coordination of these events allows for unprecedented radical-type reactivity by a closed shell AuII complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher M Hess
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isaac F Leach
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijtenhorst
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hangyul Lee
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phearman AS, Ardon Y, Goldberg KI. Insertion of Molecular Oxygen into a Gold(III)-Hydride Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4045-4059. [PMID: 38290523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as an oxidant in chemical synthesis has significant environmental and economic benefits, and it is widely used as such in large-scale industrial processes. However, its adoption in highly selective homogeneous catalytic transformations, particularly to produce oxygenated organics, has been hindered by our limited understanding of the mechanisms by which O2 reacts with transition metals. Of particular relevance are the mechanisms of the reactions of oxygen with late transition metal hydrides as these metal centers are better poised to release oxygenated products. Homogeneous catalysis with gold complexes has markedly increased, and herein we report the synthesis and full characterization of a rare AuIII-H, supported by a diphosphine pincer ligand (tBuPCP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene). [(tBuPCP)AuIII-H]+ was found to cleanly react with molecular oxygen to yield a stable AuIII-OOH complex that was also fully characterized. Extensive kinetic studies on the reaction via variable temperature NMR spectroscopy have been completed, and the results are consistent with an autoaccelerating radical chain mechanism. The observed kinetic behavior exhibits similarities to that of previously reported PdII-H and PtIV-H reactions with O2 but is not fully consistent with any known O2 insertion mechanism. As such, this study contributes to the nascent fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of aerobic oxidation of late metal hydrides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Phearman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yotam Ardon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhoyare VW, Tathe AG, Gandon V, Patil NT. Unlocking the Chain-Walking Process in Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312786. [PMID: 37779346 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The successful realization of gold-catalyzed chain-walking reactions, facilitated by ligand-enabled Au(I)/Au(III) redox catalysis, has been reported for the first time. This breakthrough has led to the development of gold-catalyzed annulation reaction of alkenes with iodoarenes by leveraging the interplay of chain-walking and π-activation reactivity mode. The reaction mechanism has been elucidated through comprehensive experimental and computational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek W Bhoyare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462 066, Bhopal, India
| | - Akash G Tathe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462 066, Bhopal, India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Paris-Saclay University, bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 avenue des sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462 066, Bhopal, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mertens RT, Gukathasan S, Arojojoye AS, Olelewe C, Awuah SG. Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6612-6667. [PMID: 37071737 PMCID: PMC10317554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The gold drugs, gold sodium thiomalate (Myocrisin), aurothioglucose (Solganal), and the orally administered auranofin (Ridaura), are utilized in modern medicine for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis; however, new gold agents have been slow to enter the clinic. Repurposing of auranofin in different disease indications such as cancer, parasitic, and microbial infections in the clinic has provided impetus for the development of new gold complexes for biomedical applications based on unique mechanistic insights differentiated from auranofin. Various chemical methods for the preparation of physiologically stable gold complexes and associated mechanisms have been explored in biomedicine such as therapeutics or chemical probes. In this Review, we discuss the chemistry of next generation gold drugs, which encompasses oxidation states, geometry, ligands, coordination, and organometallic compounds for infectious diseases, cancer, inflammation, and as tools for chemical biology via gold-protein interactions. We will focus on the development of gold agents in biomedicine within the past decade. The Review provides readers with an accessible overview of the utility, development, and mechanism of action of gold-based small molecules to establish context and basis for the thriving resurgence of gold in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Adedamola S Arojojoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Engbers S, Klein JEMN. Understanding the Surprising Oxidation Chemistry of Au-OH Complexes. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200475. [PMID: 36104296 PMCID: PMC10091708 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Au is known to be fairly redox inactive (in catalysis) and bind oxygen adducts only quite weakly. It is thus rather surprising that stable Au-OH complexes can be synthesized and used as oxidants for both one- and two-electron oxidations. A charged AuIII -OH complex has been shown to cleave C-H and O-H bonds homolytically, resulting in a one-electron reduction of the metal center. Contrasting this, a neutral AuIII -OH complex performs oxygen atom transfer to phosphines, resulting in a two-electron reduction of the hydroxide proton to form a AuIII -H rather than causing a change in oxidation state of the metal. We explore the details of these two examples and draw comparisons to the more conventional reactivity exhibited by AuI -OH. Although the current scope of known Au-OH oxidation chemistry is still in its infancy, the current literature exemplifies the unique properties of Au chemistry and shows promise for future findings in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silène Engbers
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mehara J, Koovakattil Surendran A, van Wieringen T, Setia D, Foroutan-Nejad C, Straka M, Rulíšek L, Roithová J. Cationic Gold(II) Complexes: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201794. [PMID: 35946558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold(II) complexes are rare, and their application to the catalysis of chemical transformations is underexplored. The reason is their easy oxidation or reduction to more stable gold(III) or gold(I) complexes, respectively. We explored the thermodynamics of the formation of [AuII (L)(X)]+ complexes (L=ligand, X=halogen) from the corresponding gold(III) precursors and investigated their stability and spectral properties in the IR and visible range in the gas phase. The results show that the best ancillary ligands L for stabilizing gaseous [AuII (L)(X)]+ complexes are bidentate and tridentate ligands with nitrogen donor atoms. The electronic structure and spectral properties of the investigated gold(II) complexes were correlated with quantum chemical calculations. The results show that the molecular and electronic structure of the gold(II) complexes as well as their spectroscopic properties are very similar to those of analogous stable copper(II) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehara
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Adarsh Koovakattil Surendran
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Teun van Wieringen
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Deeksha Setia
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cadge JA, Gates PJ, Bower JF, Russell CA. Migratory Insertion of CO into a Au–C Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19719-19725. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Cadge
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Gates
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong J, Robinson JR, Gao ZH, Wang LS. Selective Semihydrogenation of Polarized Alkynes by a Gold Hydride Nanocluster. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12501-12509. [PMID: 35771170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydridic hydrogen in nanogold catalysts has long been postulated as an important intermediate in hydrogenation reactions, but it has not been directly observed. Here, we report the synthesis of a new undecagold cluster with a bidentate phosphine ligand. The chelating effects of the bidentate ligand result in a more symmetric Au11 core with two labile Cl- ligands that can exchange with BH4-, leading to a novel undecagold hydride cluster. The new hydride cluster is discovered to readily undergo hydroauration reaction with alkynes containing electron-withdrawing groups, forming key gold-alkenyl semihydrogenation intermediates, which can be efficiently and selectively converted to Z-alkenes under acidic conditions. All key reaction intermediates are isolated and characterized, providing atomic-level insights into the active sites and mechanisms of semihydrogenation reactions catalyzed by gold-based nanomaterials. The hydridic hydrogen in the undecagold cluster is found to be the key to prevent over hydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes. The current study provides fundamental insights into hydrogenation chemistry enabled by gold-based nanomaterials and may lead to the development of efficient catalysts for selective semihydrogenation or functionalization of alkynes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ze-Hua Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van Zyl WE, Liu CW. Interstitial hydrides in nanoclusters can reduce M(I) (M = Cu, Ag, Au) to M(0) and form stable superatoms. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104241. [PMID: 34936722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-nuclearity clusters resemble the closest model between the determination of atomically precise chemical species and the bulk metallic version thereof, and both impacts on a variety of applications, including catalysis, optics, sensors, and new energy sources. Our interest lies with the nanoclusters of the Group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) metals stabilized by dichalcogenido and hydrido ligands. Herein, we describe superatoms formed by the clusters and their relationship with precursor hydrido clusters. Specifically, our concept seeks to demonstrate a possible correlation that exist between hydrido clusters (and nanoalloys) and the formation of superatoms, with the loss of hydrides and typically with release of H 2 gas. These reactions appear to be internal self-redox reactions and require no additional reducing agent, but does seem to require a similar core structure. Knowledge of such processes could provide insight into how clusters grow and an understanding in bridging the atomically precise cluster - metal nanoparticle mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner E van Zyl
- University of Kwazulu-Natal, School of Chemistry and Physics, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- National Dong Hwa University, Department of Chemistry, 1, section 2, University drive, 974, Hualien, TAIWAN
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Portugués A, Bautista D, Gil‐Rubio J. Dinuclear Au(I), Au(II) and Au(III) Complexes with (CF 2 ) n Chains: Insights into The Role of Aurophilic Interactions in the Au(I) Oxidation. Chemistry 2021; 27:15815-15822. [PMID: 34490943 PMCID: PMC9291513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
New dinuclear Au(I), Au(II) and Au(III) complexes containing (CF2 )n bridging chains were obtained. Metallomacrocycles [Au2 {μ-(CF2 )4 }{μ-diphosphine}] show an uncommon figure-eight structure, the helicity inversion barrier of which is influenced by aurophilic interactions and steric constraints imposed by the diphosphine. Halogenation of LAu(CF2 )4 AuL (L=PPh3 , PMe3 , (dppf)1/2 , (binap)1/2 ) gave [Au(II)]2 species, some of which display unprecedented folded structures with Au-Au bonds. Aurophilic interactions facilitate this oxidation process by preorganizing the starting [Au(I)]2 complexes and lowering its redox potential. The obtained [Au(II)]2 complexes undergo thermal or photochemical elimination of R3 PAuX to give Au(III) perfluorinated auracycles. Evidence of a radical mechanism for these decomposition reactions was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Portugués
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| | - Delia Bautista
- ACTIUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| | - Juan Gil‐Rubio
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scoditti S, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. Computational Analysis of Photophysical Properties and Reactivity of a New Phototherapeutic Cyclometalated Au(III)-Hydride Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:15528-15535. [PMID: 34546592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gold(III) complexes have recently emerged as new versatile and efficacious metal containing anticancer agents. In an attempt to reconcile the specific affinity of such complexes for target sulfur containing biomolecules with their capability to strongly bind thiol-containing compounds widely distributed in non-tumoral cells, a new series of cyclometalated Au(III)-hydride complexes has been proposed as photoactivatable anticancer prodrugs. Here, the computational exploration of the photophysical properties and reactivity in dark and under light irradiation of the first member of the series, named 1 a, is reported. Complex 1 a low hydricity in dark together with facile hydride substitution leading to H2 elimination under excitation by visible light have been examined by means of DFT and TD-DFT computations. Both singlet and triplet excited states have been characterized, allowing the identification of the active species involved in photoactivation pathways leading to the controlled detachment of the hydride ligand. Also the viable two-photon activation at the ideal phototherapeutic window has been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Engbers S, Trifonova EA, Hess KM, Vries F, Klein JEMN. Synthesis of a Sterically Encumbered Pincer Au(III)−OH Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silène Engbers
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Evgeniya A. Trifonova
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kristopher M. Hess
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Vries
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jouhannet R, Dagorne S, Blanc A, de Frémont P. Chiral Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Potential Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:9218-9240. [PMID: 33780060 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 2000's, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to promote the cyclization of unsaturated substrates with excellent regioselectivity allowing the synthesis of elaborated organic scaffolds. An important goal to achieve in gold catalysis is the possibility to induce enantioselective transformations by the assistance of chiral complexes. Unfortunately, the linear geometry of coordination for gold usually encountered in complexes at the +1 oxidation states renders this goal very challenging. In consequence, the interest toward the synthesis of chiral gold(III) complexes is steadily growing. Indeed, the square planar geometry of the gold(III) cation appears more suitable to promote chiral induction. Beside catalysis, gold(III) complexes have also shown promising potential in the field of pharmacology. Herein, syntheses and applications of well-defined gold(III) complexes reported over the last fifteen years are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Jouhannet
- Equipe de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Equipe de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélien Blanc
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Equipe de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheung WM, Chong MC, Sung HHY, Cheng SC, Williams ID, Ko CC, Leung WH. Synthesis, structure and reactivity of iridium complexes containing a bis-cyclometalated tridentate C^N^C ligand. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8512-8523. [PMID: 34060573 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to synthesize cyclometalated iridium complexes containing a tridentate C^N^C ligand, transmetallation of [Hg(HC^N^C)Cl] (1) (H2C^N^C = 2,6-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyridine) with various organoiridium starting materials has been studied. The treatment of 1 with [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded a hexanuclear Ir4Hg2 complex, [Cl(κ2C,N-HC^N^C)(cod)IrHgIr(cod)Cl2]2 (2), which features Ir-Hg-Ir and Ir-Cl-Ir bridges. Refluxing 2 with sodium acetate in tetrahydrofuran (thf) resulted in cyclometalation of the bidentate HC^N^C ligand and formation of trinuclear [(C^N^C)(cod)IrHgIr(cod)Cl2] (3). On the other hand, refluxing [Ir(cod)Cl]2 with 1 and sodium acetate in thf yielded [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)(HgCl)] (4). Chlorination of 4 with PhICl2 gave [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)Cl]·HgCl2 (5·HgCl2) that reacted with tricyclohexylphosphine to yield Hg-free [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)Cl] (5). Chloride abstraction of 5 with silver(i) triflate (AgOTf) gave [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)(H2O)](OTf) (6) that can catalyze the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. Reaction of 1 and [Ir(CO)2Cl(py)] (py = pyridine) with sodium acetate in refluxing thf afforded [Ir(C^N^C)(HgCl)(py)(CO)] (7), in which the carbonyl ligand is coplanar with the C^N^C ligand. On the other hand, refluxing 1 with (PPh4)[Ir(CO)2Cl2] and sodium acetate in acetonitrile gave [Ir(C^N^C)(κ2C,N-HC^N^C)(CO)] (8), the carbonyl ligand of which is trans to the pyridyl ring of the bidentate HC^N^C ligand. Upon irradiation with UV light 8 in thf was isomerized to 8', in which the carbonyl is trans to a phenyl group of the bidentate HC^N^C ligand. The isomer pair 8 and 8' exhibited emission at 548 and 514 nm in EtOH/MeOH at 77 K with lifetime of 84.0 and 64.6 μs, respectively. Protonation of 8 with p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) afforded the bis(bidentate) tosylate complex [Ir(κ2C,N-HC^N^C)2(CO)(OTs)] (9) that could be reconverted to 8 upon treatment with sodium acetate. The electrochemistry of the Ir(C^N^C) complexes has been studied using cyclic voltammetry. Reaction of [Ir(PPh3)3Cl] with 1 and sodium acetate in refluxing thf led to isolation of the previously reported compound [Ir(κ2P,C-C6H4PPh2)2(PPh3)Cl] (10). The crystal structures of 2-5, 8, 8', 9 and 10 have been determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nguyen KT, Hiep Vuong V, Nguyen TN, Nguyen TT, Yamamoto T, Hoang NN. Unusual hydrogen implanted gold with lattice contraction at increased hydrogen content. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1560. [PMID: 33692353 PMCID: PMC7946955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental evidence for the contraction of volume of gold implanted with hydrogen at low doses is presented. The contraction of lattice upon the addition of other elements is very rare and extraordinary in the solid-state, not only for gold but also for many other solids. To explain the underlying physics, the pure kinetic theory of absorption is not adequate and the detailed interaction of hydrogen in the lattice needs to be clarified. Our analysis points to the importance of the formation of hydride bonds in a dynamic manner and explains why these bonds become weak at higher doses, leading to the inverse process of volume expansion frequently seen in metallic hydrogen containers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khac Thuan Nguyen
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology, VNU-University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Van Hiep Vuong
- Faculty of Physics, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - The Nghia Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Trong Tinh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Scientific Instrument, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tomoyuki Yamamoto
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Nam Nhat Hoang
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology, VNU-University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
- Advanced Institute of Engineering and Technology, VNU-University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reiersølmoen AC, Battaglia S, Orthaber A, Lindh R, Erdélyi M, Fiksdahl A. P, N-Chelated Gold(III) Complexes: Structure and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2847-2855. [PMID: 33169989 PMCID: PMC7927145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold(III) complexes are versatile catalysts offering a growing number of new synthetic transformations. Our current understanding of the mechanism of homogeneous gold(III) catalysis is, however, limited, with that of phosphorus-containing complexes being hitherto underexplored. The ease of phosphorus oxidation by gold(III) has so far hindered the use of phosphorus ligands in the context of gold(III) catalysis. We present a method for the generation of P,N-chelated gold(III) complexes that circumvents ligand oxidation and offers full counterion control, avoiding the unwanted formation of AuCl4-. On the basis of NMR spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and density functional theory analyses, we assess the mechanism of formation of the active catalyst and of gold(III)-mediated styrene cyclopropanation with propargyl ester and intramolecular alkoxycyclization of 1,6-enyne. P,N-chelated gold(III) complexes are demonstrated to be straightforward to generate and be catalytically active in synthetically useful transformations of complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Reiersølmoen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefano Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry-BMC Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-BMC Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry-BMC Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dhara D, Scheschkewitz D, Chandrasekhar V, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Reactivity of NHC/diphosphene-coordinated Au(I)-hydride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:809-812. [PMID: 33367425 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the reactivity of isolable Au(i)-hydride stabilized by an NHC-coordinated diphosphene towards substrates containing C-C and N-N multiple bonds (NHC = N-heterocyclcic carbene). Reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and azobenzene lead to a trans-addition of the Au(i)-H across the C-C triple bond and the N-N double bond, respectively. In contrast, the reaction with ethyl diazoacetate affords a gold(i)-hydrazonide as the 1,1-addition product to the terminal nitrogen atom. With phenyl acetylene, the corresponding Au(i)-alkynyl complex is obtained under the elimination of dihydrogen. Strikingly, diphosphene-containing Au(i)-hydride is more reactive - affording different products in some cases - than a related NHC-stabilized Au(i)-hydride without the mediating diphosphene moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India. and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Aksaray, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feuerstein W, Holzer C, Gui X, Neumeier L, Klopper W, Breher F. Synthesis of New Donor-Substituted Biphenyls: Pre-ligands for Highly Luminescent (C^C^D) Gold(III) Pincer Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:17156-17164. [PMID: 32735695 PMCID: PMC7821303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on new synthetic strategies for the preparation of pyridine and imidazole substituted 2,2'-dihalo biphenyls. These structures are pre-ligands suitable for the preparation of respective stannoles. The latter can successfully be transmetalated to K[AuCl4 ] forming non-palindromic [(C^C^D)AuIII ] pincer complexes featuring a lateral pyridine (D=N) or N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC, D=C') donor. The latter is the first report on a pincer complex with two formally anionic sp2 and one carbenic carbon donor. The [(C^C^D)AuIII ] complexes show intense phosphorescence in solution at room temperature. We discuss the developed multistep strategy and touch upon synthetic challenges. The prepared complexes have been fully characterized including X-ray diffraction analysis. The gold(III) complexes' photophysical properties have been investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations on the quasi-relativistic two-component TD-DFT and GW/Bethe-Salpeter level including spin-orbit coupling. Thus, we shed light on the electronic influence of the non-palindromic pincer ligand and reveal non-radiative relaxation pathways of the different ligands employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 176131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Lilly Neumeier
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rocchigiani L, Bochmann M. Recent Advances in Gold(III) Chemistry: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Role in Homogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8364-8451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG. Excimer and Exciplex Formation in Gold(I) Complexes Preconditioned by Aurophilic Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14748-14771. [PMID: 32022383 PMCID: PMC7496071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excimers and exciplexes are defined as assemblies of atoms or molecules A/A' where interatomic/intermolecular bonding appears only in excited states such as [A2 ]* (for excimers) and [AA']* (for exciplexes). Their formation has become widely known because of their role in gas-phase laser technologies, but their significance in general chemistry terms has been given little attention. Recent investigations in gold chemistry have opened up a new field of excimer and exciplex chemistry that relies largely on the preorganization of gold(I) compounds (electronic configuration AuI (5d10 )) through aurophilic contacts. In the corresponding excimers, a new type of Au⋅⋅⋅Au bonding arises, with bond energies and lengths approaching those of ground-state Au-Au bonds between metal atoms in the Au0 (5d10 6s1 ) and AuII (5d9 ) configurations. Excimer formation gives rise to a broad range of photophysical effects, for which some of the relaxation dynamics have recently been clarified. Excimers have also been shown to play an important role in photoredox binuclear gold catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of StellenboschPrivate Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ramamoorthy RK, Yildirim E, Barba E, Roblin P, Vargas JA, Lacroix LM, Rodriguez-Ruiz I, Decorse P, Petkov V, Teychené S, Viau G. The role of pre-nucleation clusters in the crystallization of gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16173-16188. [PMID: 32701100 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03486j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of metal nanoparticles by reduction in apolar solvents in the presence of long chain surfactants have proven to be extremely effective in the control of the particle size and shape. Nevertheless, the elucidation of the nucleation/growth mechanism is not straightforward because of the multiple roles played by surfactants. The nucleation stage, in particular, is very difficult to describe precisely and requires in situ and time-resolved techniques. Here, relying on in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD), we propose that ultra-small gold particles prepared by reduction of gold chloride in a solution of oleylamine (OY) in hexane with triisopropylsilane do not follow a classical nucleation process but result from pre-nucleation clusters (PNCs). These PNCs contain Au(iii) and Au(i) precursors; they are almost stable in size during the induction stage, as shown by SAXS, prior to undergoing a very fast shrinkage during the nucleation stage. The gold speciation as a function of time deduced from the XAS spectra has been analyzed through multi-step reaction pathways comprising both highly reactive species, involved in the nucleation and growth stages, and poorly reactive species acting as a reservoir for the reactive species. The duration of the induction period is related to the reactivity of the gold precursors, which is tuned by the coordination of OY to the gold complexes, while the nucleation stage was found to depend on the size and reactivity of the PNCs. The role of the PNCs in determining the final particle size and structure is also discussed in relation to previous studies. The multiple roles of OY, as the solubilizing agent of the gold salt, the ligand of the gold complexes determining both the size of the PNCs and the reactivity of the gold precursors, and finally the capping agent of the final gold particles as oleylammonium chloride, have been clearly established. This work opens new perspectives to synthesize metal NPs via metal-organic PNCs and to define new synthesis routes for nanoparticles that may present structure and morphologies different from those obtained by the classical nucleation routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Ramamoorthy
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France. and Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse, France. and Fédération de Recherche FERMaT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ezgi Yildirim
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Enguerrand Barba
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse, France.
| | - Jorge A Vargas
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA and Unidad Académica de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Calz. Solidaridad esq. Paseo de la Bufa s/n, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Lise-Marie Lacroix
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Isaac Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse, France.
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Université de Paris, ITODYS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valeri Petkov
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA
| | - Sébastien Teychené
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse, France.
| | - Guillaume Viau
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rocchigiani L, Klooster WT, Coles SJ, Hughes DL, Hrobárik P, Bochmann M. Hydride Transfer to Gold: Yes or No? Exploring the Unexpected Versatility of Au⋅⋅⋅H−M Bonding in Heterobimetallic Dihydrides. Chemistry 2020; 26:8267-8280. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ UK
| | - Wim T. Klooster
- National Crystallography ServiceSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National Crystallography ServiceSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ UK
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesComenius University 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG. Excimer‐ und Exciplex‐Bildung in durch aurophile Wechselwirkungen präkonditionierten Gold(I)‐ Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Südafrika
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luo H, Cao B, Chan ASC, Sun RW, Zou T. Cyclometalated Gold(III)‐Hydride Complexes Exhibit Visible Light‐Induced Thiol Reactivity and Act as Potent Photo‐Activated Anti‐Cancer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11046-11052. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education DivisionThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | | | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo H, Cao B, Chan ASC, Sun RW, Zou T. Cyclometalated Gold(III)‐Hydride Complexes Exhibit Visible Light‐Induced Thiol Reactivity and Act as Potent Photo‐Activated Anti‐Cancer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education DivisionThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | | | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feuerstein W, Breher F. Synthetic access to a phosphorescent non-palindromic pincer complex of palladium by a double oxidative addition – comproportionation sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12589-12592. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly phosphorescent non-palindromic (C^C^N) palladium complex may be prepared by means of a double oxidative addition – comproportionation sequence, which is a new approach for the synthesis of non-palindromic pincer complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Feuerstein
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Division Molecular Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Division Molecular Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maliszewska HK, Hughes DL, Muñoz MP. Allene-derived gold and platinum complexes: synthesis and first applications in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4034-4038. [PMID: 32134415 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis, full characterisation and first application in catalysis of novel Au(i), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) carbene-type complexes formed from bis(pyridyl)allenes. The catalytic activity of the new Au(i)-complexes in the cyclisation of 1,6-enynes, a benchmark reaction for new Au and Pt complexes, was comparable to Au(i)-state-of-the-art catalysts used in these reactions. Reactions with the new Au(iii)- and Pt(ii)-complexes occurred under milder conditions than those reported with AuCl3 and PtCl2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Maliszewska
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reactivity of 5-alkynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrroles with Au(III): Route to vinylgold(III) complexes, aurocycles by cyclisation of these complexes and ML complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Praveen C. Carbophilic activation of π-systems via gold coordination: Towards regioselective access of intermolecular addition products. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Yang J, Zhu Y, Tse AKW, Zhou X, Chen Y, Tse YC, Wong KMC, Ho CY. Synthesis and study of Au(iii)-indolizine derivatives: turn-on luminescence by photo-induced controlled release. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4471-4474. [PMID: 30839955 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The photo- and structural properties of a series of Au(iii) indolizine complexes were determined. Controlled release of halogenated indolizine derivatives from the corresponding Au(iii) complexes was achieved by photoinduced C-X bond formation, which provided turn-on luminescence with an increase in emission intensity of up to 67 times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rigoulet M, Massou S, Sosa Carrizo ED, Mallet-Ladeira S, Amgoune A, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Evidence for genuine hydrogen bonding in gold(I) complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:46-51. [PMID: 30567973 PMCID: PMC6320517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817194116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of gold to act as proton acceptor and participate in hydrogen bonding remains an open question. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of cationic gold(I) complexes featuring ditopic phosphine-ammonium (P,NH+) ligands. In addition to the presence of short Au∙∙∙H contacts in the solid state, the presence of Au∙∙∙H-N hydrogen bonds was inferred by NMR and IR spectroscopies. The bonding situation was extensively analyzed computationally. All features were consistent with the presence of three-center four-electron attractive interactions combining electrostatic and orbital components. The role of relativistic effects was examined, and the analysis is extended to other recently described gold(I) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Rigoulet
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université - CNRS No 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, Fédération de Recherche Université - CNRS No 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - E Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université - CNRS No 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, Fédération de Recherche Université - CNRS No 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université - CNRS No 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université - CNRS No 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université - CNRS No 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reactivity of the [Au(C^N^C)Cl] complex in the presence of H2O and N-, S- and Se-containing nucleophiles: a DFT study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:1283-1293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Rocchigiani L, Fernandez-Cestau J, Chambrier I, Hrobárik P, Bochmann M. Unlocking Structural Diversity in Gold(III) Hydrides: Unexpected Interplay of cis/ trans-Influence on Stability, Insertion Chemistry, and NMR Chemical Shifts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8287-8302. [PMID: 29860842 PMCID: PMC6047844 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new families of stable or at least spectroscopically observable gold(III) hydride complexes is reported, including anionic cis-hydrido chloride, hydrido aryl, and cis-dihydride complexes. Reactions between (C^C)AuCl(PR3) and LiHBEt3 afford the first examples of gold(III) phosphino hydrides (C^C)AuH(PR3) (R = Me, Ph, p-tolyl; C^C = 4,4'-di- tert-butylbiphenyl-2,2'-diyl). The X-ray structure of (C^C)AuH(PMe3) was determined. LiHBEt3 reacts with (C^C)AuCl(py) to give [(C^C)Au(H)Cl]-, whereas (C^C)AuH(PR3) undergoes phosphine displacement, generating the dihydride [(C^C)AuH2]-. Monohydrido complexes hydroaurate dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate to give Z-vinyls. (C^N^C)Au pincer complexes give the first examples of gold(III) bridging hydrides. Stability, reactivity and bonding characteristics of Au(III)-H complexes crucially depend on the interplay between cis and trans-influence. Remarkably, these new gold(III) hydrides extend the range of observed NMR hydride shifts from δ -8.5 to +7 ppm. Relativistic DFT calculations show that the origin of this wide chemical shift variability as a function of the ligands depends on the different ordering and energy gap between "shielding" Au(dπ)-based orbitals and "deshielding" σ(Au-H)-type MOs, which are mixed to some extent upon inclusion of spin-orbit (SO) coupling. The resulting 1H hydride shifts correlate linearly with the DFT optimized Au-H distances and Au-H bond covalency. The effect of cis ligands follows a nearly inverse ordering to that of trans ligands. This study appears to be the first systematic delineation of cis ligand influence on M-H NMR shifts and provides the experimental evidence for the dramatic change of the 1H hydride shifts, including the sign change, upon mutual cis and trans ligand alternation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Fernandez-Cestau
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ube H, Zhang Q, Shionoya M. A Carbon-Centered Hexagold(I) Cluster Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-003, Japan
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-003, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Serra J, Font P, Sosa Carrizo ED, Mallet-Ladeira S, Massou S, Parella T, Miqueu K, Amgoune A, Ribas X, Bourissou D. Cyclometalated gold(iii) complexes: noticeable differences between (N,C) and (P,C) ligands in migratory insertion. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3932-3940. [PMID: 29780525 PMCID: PMC5941201 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold(iii) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications.
Gold(iii) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications. But so far, very little is known about the factors controlling their reactivity and the very influence of the ancillary ligand. This article reports the first comprehensive study on this topic. The reactivity of a cationic (N,C) gold(iii) complex, namely 1A, towards ethylene has been thoroughly studied and compared with that of the related (P,C) complex 1C. A cationic gold(iii) complex 5A resulting from double insertion of ethylene was selectively obtained. Complex 5A was found to be remarkably stable. It was trapped with chloride and fully characterized. In marked contrast to that observed with 1C, no β-H elimination or linear-to-branched rearrangement of the alkyl chain occurred with 1A. The energy profile for the reactions of 1A with ethylene has been comprehensively investigated computationally, and the influence of the ancillary ligand has been precisely delineated. Because nitrogen is a weaker donor than carbon (and phosphorus), the (N,C) ligand is very electronically dissymmetric, much more than the (P,C) ligand. This makes the two reactive sites at gold quite different, which noticeably influences the competition between migratory insertion and β-H elimination, and actually changes the outcome of the olefin insertion at gold. This study provides valuable insight into the influence of ancillary ligands on gold(iii) reactivity, something critical to further develop Au(iii) and Au(i)/Au(iii) catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Serra
- QBIS-CAT Group , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , Girona , E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain .
| | - Pau Font
- QBIS-CAT Group , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , Girona , E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain .
| | - E Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) , Hélioparc , 2 Avenue du Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 09 , France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de RMN , Facultat de Ciències , Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona , Campus UAB , Bellaterra E-08193 , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) , Hélioparc , 2 Avenue du Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 09 , France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- CNRS , Université Paul Sabatier , Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France .
| | - Xavi Ribas
- QBIS-CAT Group , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , Girona , E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain .
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS , Université Paul Sabatier , Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France .
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Baya M, Pérez-Bitrián A, Martínez-Salvador S, Martín A, Casas JM, Menjón B, Orduna J. Gold(II) Trihalide Complexes from Organogold(III) Precursors. Chemistry 2018; 24:1514-1517. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Bitrián
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Salvador
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - José M. Casas
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pintus A, Bochmann M. Radical-initiated alkene hydroauration as a route to gold(iii) alkyls: an experimental and computational study. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2795-2803. [PMID: 35541449 PMCID: PMC9077454 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydroauration of functionalised 1-alkenes by the gold(iii) hydride (C^NOMe^C)AuH is initiated by organic radicals and proceeds via (C^N^C)Au(ii) radical intermediates following a bimolecular outer-sphere mechanism. The outcome of these reactions is determined by the stability of the gold-substituted radicals, and chemoselectivity correlates with the degree of spin delocalisation in the alkylgold radical intermediates. The reaction is sensitive to steric as well as electronic factors; disubstituted alkenes and alkenes that form unstable radicals give product mixtures or are unreactive. As DFT calculations show, the reactions agree well with the calculated reaction enthalpies and the standard free energy change for the reaction of the gold(ii) radical with the respective alkene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pintus
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK +44(0)-1603-592044
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK +44(0)-1603-592044
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Currie L, Rocchigiani L, Hughes DL, Bochmann M. Carbon–sulfur bond formation by reductive elimination of gold(iii) thiolates. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6333-6343. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiols were found to cleave Au–C bonds in (C^N^C)gold(iii) pincer complexes and to induce C–S reductive elimination reactions, to give aryl thioethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Currie
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Holmsen MSM, Nova A, Hylland K, Wragg DS, Øien-Ødegaard S, Heyn RH, Tilset M. Synthesis of a (N,C,C) Au(iii) pincer complex via Csp3–H bond activation: increasing catalyst robustness by rational catalyst design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11104-11107. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a (N,C,C) Au(iii) catalyst via Csp3–H bond activation has been achieved following a rational catalyst design approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainara Nova
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Knut Hylland
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - David S. Wragg
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | | | | | - Mats Tilset
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang R, Yang Y, Wang DS, Zhang L, Wang D. Where does Au coordinate to N-(2-pyridiyl)benzotriazole: gold-catalyzed chemoselective dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen reactions. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyridyltriazole gold(i) complexes proved to be an efficient precatalyst for the most challenging gold-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen reaction and dehydrogenation of alcohols and amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Yongchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | | | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nelson DJ, Nolan SP. Hydroxide complexes of the late transition metals: Organometallic chemistry and catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
44
|
Heinze K. Die Suche nach einkernigem Gold(II) und seine mögliche Rolle in Photokatalyse und Medizinalchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Heinze K. The Quest for Mononuclear Gold(II) and Its Potential Role in Photocatalysis and Drug Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16126-16134. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jerabek P, von der Esch B, Schmidbaur H, Schwerdtfeger P. Influence of Relativistic Effects on Bonding Modes in M(II) Dinuclear Complexes (M = Au, Ag, and Cu). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14624-14631. [PMID: 29135228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability and bonding in dinuclear group 11 metal complexes (M = Au, Ag, and Cu) in their +2 oxidation state has been investigated by quantum chemical methods. Two model complexes were selected as representatives of different bonding situations in the dinuclear M(II) complexes, a direct metal-metal bond between two ligand stabilized monomers and ligand-mediated bridged dimer system, making them interesting for a direct comparison and to study the influence of relativistic effects. Relativity substantially stabilizes the direct metal-metal bonded system obtaining the sequence in M-M bond stability Au > Ag > Cu. In the ligand-bridged structure, an asymmetric bonding situation is obtained for gold, resulting in two stronger/covalent and two weaker/ionic bonds per gold atom. Here we observe the opposite trend in stability Cu > Ag > Au. Our analysis nicely corroborates with what is known from experimental observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerabek
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beatriz von der Esch
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rocchigiani L, Fernandez‐Cestau J, Agonigi G, Chambrier I, Budzelaar PHM, Bochmann M. Gold(III) Alkyne Complexes: Bonding and Reaction Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13861-13865. [PMID: 28892244 PMCID: PMC5698712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of hitherto hypothetical AuIII π-alkyne complexes is reported. Bonding and stability depend strongly on the trans effect and steric factors. Bonding characteristics shed light on the reasons for the very different stabilities between the classical alkyne complexes of PtII and their drastically more reactive AuIII congeners. Lack of back-bonding facilitates alkyne slippage, which is energetically less costly for gold than for platinum and explains the propensity of gold to facilitate C-C bond formation. Cycloaddition followed by aryl migration and reductive deprotonation is presented as a new reaction sequence in gold chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Gabriele Agonigi
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rocchigiani L, Fernandez-Cestau J, Agonigi G, Chambrier I, Budzelaar PHM, Bochmann M. Gold(III) Alkyne Complexes: Bonding and Reaction Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Julio Fernandez-Cestau
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Gabriele Agonigi
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar R, Krieger JP, Gómez-Bengoa E, Fox T, Linden A, Nevado C. The First Gold(III) Formate: Evidence for β-Hydride Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12862-12865. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Universidad del Pais Vasco; Apdo 1072 CP-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kumar R, Krieger JP, Gómez-Bengoa E, Fox T, Linden A, Nevado C. The First Gold(III) Formate: Evidence for β-Hydride Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Universidad del Pais Vasco; Apdo 1072 CP-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|