1
|
Wu L, Ge X, Tang SY, Zhou S. Methane Activation by the Heteronuclear Cluster [TiAlO 4] +: Direct Hydrogen Abstraction by a Nonradical Oxygen. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11730-11735. [PMID: 34851125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of [TiAlO4]+ with methane have been explored by using FT-ICR mass spectrometry complemented by quantum chemical calculations. Interestingly, the [TiAlO4]+ ions can activate two methane molecules continuously. Moreover, in contrast to the previous reports on gas-phase methane activation by metal oxide clusters, in which hydrogen-atom transfer and/or proton-coupled electron transfer prevail, a hydride transfer process dominates the [TiAlO4]+/CH4 system. The associated electronic origins have been discussed, and such a terminal metal-oxo active center as addressed in the [TiAlO4]+ cluster has proven to be promising in the construction of efficient catalysts concerning methane conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ya Tang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Wang M, Ding YQ, Zhao CY, Ma JB. Consecutive methane activation mediated by single metal boride cluster anions NbB 4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12592-12599. [PMID: 34047332 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of all C-H bonds in two methane molecules by gas-phase cluster ions at room temperature is a challenging task. Herein, mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations have been used to identify one single metal boride cluster anions NbB4- that can activate eight C-H bonds in two methane molecules and release one H2 molecule each time under thermal collision conditions. In these consecutive reactions, the loaded Nb atoms and the support B4 units play different roles but act synergistically to activate CH4, which is responsible for the interesting reactivity of NbB4-. Moreover, there are some mechanistic differences in these two reactions, including the mechanisms for the first C-H bond activation steps, dihydrogen desorption sites, and major electron donors. This study shows that non-noble metal boride species are reactive enough to facilitate thermal C-H bond cleavages, and boron-based materials may be one kind of potential support material facilitating surface hydrogen transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Chong-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li XN, Jiang LX, Liu QY, Ren Y, Wei GP. Hydrogen-assisted C-C coupling on reaction of CuC3H−Cluster anion with CO. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2006094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gong-ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mou LH, Li ZY, Liu QY, He SG. Size-Dependent Association of Cobalt Deuteride Cluster Anions Co 3D n- (n = 0-4) with Dinitrogen. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1956-1963. [PMID: 31236780 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen (N2) activation by metal hydride species is of fundamental interest and practical importance while the role of hydrogen in N2 activation is not well studied. Herein, the structures of Co3Dn- (n = 0-4) clusters and their reactions with N2 have been studied by using a combined experimental and computational approach. The mass spectrometry experiments identified that the Co3Dn- (n = 2-4) clusters could adsorb N2 while the Co3Dn- (n = 0 and 1) clusters were inert. The photoelectron imaging spectroscopy indicated that the electron detachment energies of Co3D2-4- are smaller than those of Co3D0,1-, which characterized that it is easier to transfer electrons from Co3D2-4- than from Co3D0,1- to activate N2. The density functional theory calculations generally supported the experimental observations. Further analysis revealed that the H atoms in the Co3Hn- (n = 2-4) clusters generally result in higher energies of the Co 3d orbitals in comparison with the Co3Hn- (n = 0 and 1) systems. By forming chemical bonds with H atoms, the Co atoms of Co3H2-4- are less negatively charged with respect to the naked Co3- system, which leads to higher N2 binding energies of Co3H2-4N2- than that of Co3N2-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang LX, Li XN, Li ZY, Li HF, He SG. H2 dissociation by Au1-doped closed-shell titanium oxide cluster anions. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1805107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hai-fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwarz H, Shaik S, Li J. Electronic Effects on Room-Temperature, Gas-Phase C-H Bond Activations by Cluster Oxides and Metal Carbides: The Methane Challenge. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17201-17212. [PMID: 29112810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses a story of one molecule (methane), a few metal-oxide cationic clusters (MOCCs), dopants, metal-carbide cations, oriented-electric fields (OEFs), and a dizzying mechanistic landscape of methane activation! One mechanism is hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which occurs whenever the MOCC possesses a localized oxyl radical (M-O•). Whenever the radical is delocalized, e.g., in [MgO]n•+ the HAT barrier increases due to the penalty of radical localization. Adding a dopant (Ga2O3) to [MgO]2•+ localizes the radical and HAT transpires. Whenever the radical is located on the metal centers as in [Al2O2]•+ the mechanism crosses over to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), wherein the positive Al center acts as a Lewis acid that coordinates the methane molecule, while one of the bridging oxygen atoms abstracts a proton, and the negatively charged CH3 moiety relocates to the metal fragment. We provide a diagnostic plot of barriers vs reactants' distortion energies, which allows the chemist to distinguish HAT from PCET. Thus, doping of [MgO]2•+ by Al2O3 enables HAT and PCET to compete. Similarly, [ZnO]•+ activates methane by PCET generating many products. Adding a CH3CN ligand to form [(CH3CN)ZnO]•+ leads to a single HAT product. The CH3CN dipole acts as an OEF that switches off PCET. [MC]+ cations (M = Au, Cu) act by different mechanisms, dictated by the M+-C bond covalence. For example, Cu+, which bonds the carbon atom mostly electrostatically, performs coupling of C to methane to yield ethylene, in a single almost barrier-free step, with an unprecedented atomic choreography catalyzed by the OEF of Cu+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Firouzbakht M, Zhou S, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Kaupp M, Schwarz H. Metal-Dependent Strengthening and Weakening of M−H and M−C Bonds by an Oxo Ligand: Thermal Gas-Phase Activation of Methane by [OMH]+
and [MH]+
(M=Mo, Ti). Chemistry 2017; 23:12346-12352. [PMID: 28548213 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Firouzbakht
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Ursachen der unterschiedlichen Reaktivität von [AlCeO
x
]
+
(
x=
2
–
4) gegenüber Methan in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffgehalt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 VR China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. On the Origin of the Remarkably Variable Reactivities of [AlCeO
x
]+
(x=
2-
4) towards Methane as a Function of Oxygen Content. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:413-416. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li YK, Yuan Z, Zhao YX, Zhao C, Liu QY, Chen H, He SG. Thermal Methane Conversion to Syngas Mediated by Rh 1-Doped Aluminum Oxide Cluster Cations RhAl 3O 4<sup/>. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12854-12860. [PMID: 27604817 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation generated RhAl3O4+ heteronuclear metal oxide cluster cations have been mass-selected using a quadrupole mass filter and reacted with CH4 or CD4 in a linear ion trap reactor under thermal collision conditions. The reactions have been characterized by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and quantum chemistry calculations. The RhAl3O4+ cluster can activate four C-H bonds of a methane molecule and convert methane to syngas, an important intermediate product in methane conversion to value-added chemicals. The Rh atom is the active site for activation of the C-H bonds of methane. The high electron-withdrawing capability of Rh atom is the driving force to promote the conversion of methane to syngas. The polarity of Rh oxidation state is changed from positive to negative after the reaction. This study has provided the first example of methane conversion to syngas by heteronuclear metal oxide clusters under thermal collision conditions. Furthermore, the molecular level origin has been revealed for the condensed-phase experimental observation that trace amounts of Rh can promote the participation of lattice oxygen of chemically very inert support (Al2O3) to oxidize methane to carbon monoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun X, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Efficient Room-Temperature Methane Activation by the Closed-Shell, Metal-Free Cluster [OSiOH]+
: A Novel Mechanistic Variant. Chemistry 2016; 22:14257-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Firouzbakht M, Rijs NJ, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Kaupp M, Schwarz H. On the Activation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide by [HTaO](+) and [TaOH](+) in the Gas Phase: A Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:10581-9. [PMID: 27356217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The thermal reactions of [Ta,O,H](+) with methane and carbon dioxide have been investigated experimentally and theoretically by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and density functional theory calculations. Although the activation of methane proceeds by liberation of H2 , the activation of CO2 gives rise to the formation of [OTa(OH)](+) under the elimination of CO. Computational studies of the reactions of methane and carbon dioxide with the two isomers of [Ta,O,H](+) , namely, [HTaO](+) and [Ta(OH)](+) , have been performed to elucidate mechanistic aspects and to explain characteristic reaction patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Firouzbakht
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole J Rijs
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schwarz H, González-Navarrete P, Li J, Schlangen M, Sun X, Weiske T, Zhou S. Unexpected Mechanistic Variants in the Thermal Gas-Phase Activation of Methane. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Spinabhängige, thermische Aktivierung von Methan durch den geschlossenschaligen Cluster [TaO3
]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 V.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Spin-Selective Thermal Activation of Methane by Closed-Shell [TaO3
]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7257-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermal Activation of Methane by [HfO].+and [XHfO]+(X=F, Cl, Br, I) and the Origin of a Remarkable Ligand Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7685-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermische Aktivierung von Methan durch [HfO].+und [XHfO]+(X=F, Cl, Br, I): ein außergewöhnlicher Ligandeneffekt und dessen Ursache. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 VR China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Differences and Commonalities in the Gas-Phase Reactions of Closed-Shell Metal Dioxide Clusters [MO2]+(M=V, Nb, and Ta) with Methane. Chemistry 2016; 22:7225-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao YX, Li XN, Yuan Z, Liu QY, Shi Q, He SG. Methane activation by gold-doped titanium oxide cluster anions with closed-shell electronic structures. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4730-4735. [PMID: 30155123 PMCID: PMC6016522 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00539j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of closed-shell gas phase cluster anions AuTi3O7- and AuTi3O8- with methane under thermal collision conditions was studied by mass spectrometric experiments and quantum chemical calculations. Methane activation was observed with the formation of AuCH3 in both cases, while the formation of formaldehyde was also identified in the reaction system of AuTi3O8-. The cooperative effect of the separated Au+ and O2- ions on the clusters induces the cleavage of the first C-H bond of methane. Further activation of the second C-H bond by a peroxide ion O22- leads to the formation of formaldehyde. This study shows that closed-shell species on metal oxides can be reactive enough to facilitate thermal H-CH3 bond cleavage and the subsequent conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma JB, Xu LL, Liu QY, He SG. Activation of Methane and Ethane as Mediated by the Triatomic Anion HNbN−: Electronic Structure Similarity with a Pt Atom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bi Ma
- The Institute for Chemical Physics; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science; School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- The Institute for Chemical Physics; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science; School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National laboratory for Moulecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National laboratory for Moulecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma JB, Xu LL, Liu QY, He SG. Activation of Methane and Ethane as Mediated by the Triatomic Anion HNbN−: Electronic Structure Similarity with a Pt Atom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4947-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bi Ma
- The Institute for Chemical Physics; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science; School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- The Institute for Chemical Physics; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science; School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National laboratory for Moulecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National laboratory for Moulecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rijs NJ, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Penetrating the Elusive Mechanism of Copper-Mediated Fluoromethylation in the Presence of Oxygen through the Gas-Phase Reactivity of Well-Defined [LCuO](+) Complexes with Fluoromethanes (CH(4-n)Fn, n = 1-3). J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3125-35. [PMID: 26859159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) isomer separation was exploited to react the particularly well-defined ionic species [LCuO](+) (L = 1,10-phenanthroline) with the neutral fluoromethane substrates CH(4-n)Fn (n = 1-3) in the gas phase. Experimentally, the monofluoromethane substrate (n = 1) undergoes both hydrogen-atom transfer, forming the copper hydroxide complex [LCuOH](•+) and concomitantly a CH2F(•) radical, and oxygen-atom transfer, yielding the observable ionic product [LCu](+) plus the neutral oxidized substrate [C,H3,O,F]. DFT calculations reveal that the mechanism for both product channels relies on the initial C-H bond activation of the substrate. Compared to nonfluorinated methane, the addition of fluorine to the substrate assists the reactivity through a lowering of the C-H bond energy and reaction preorganization (through noncovalent interaction in the encounter complex). A two-state reactivity scenario is mandatory for the oxidation, which competitively results in the unusual fluoromethanol product, CH2FOH, or the decomposed products, CH2O and HF, with the latter channel being kinetically disfavored. Difluoromethane (n = 2) is predicted to undergo the analogous reactions at room temperature, although the reactions are less favored than those of monofluoromethane. The reaction of trifluoromethane (n = 3, fluoroform) through C-H activation is kinetically hindered under ambient conditions but might be expected to occur in the condensed phase upon heating or with further lowering of reaction barriers through templation with counterions, such as potassium. Overall, formation of CH(3-n)Fn(•) and CH(3-n)FnOH occurs under relatively gentle energetic conditions, which sheds light on their potential as reactive intermediates in fluoromethylation reactions mediated by copper in the presence of oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Rijs
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li YK, Li ZY, Zhao YX, Liu QY, Meng JH, He SG. Activation and Transformation of Ethane by Au2
VO3
+
Clusters with Closed-Shell Electronic Structures. Chemistry 2015; 22:1825-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jing-Heng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Wu XN, Zhou S, Tang S, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Deutlich unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Wasserstoffatomabstraktion aus Methan und Wasser durch den heteronuklearen Oxidcluster [Ga2MgO4].+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Li J, Wu XN, Zhou S, Tang S, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Distinct Mechanistic Differences in the Hydrogen-Atom Transfer from Methane and Water by the Heteronuclear Oxide Cluster [Ga2MgO4].+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12298-302. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Tang SY, Rijs NJ, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Ligand-Controlled CO2Activation Mediated by Cationic Titanium Hydride Complexes, [LTiH]+(L=Cp2, O). Chemistry 2015; 21:8483-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Mayer P, Halvachizadeh J, Mungham A. The dehydrogenation of alcohols and hydrocarbons by atomic metal anions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:487-495. [PMID: 26307730 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of anionic metal-carbonyl systems toward hydrocarbons, alcohols and a variety of other classes of molecules is well established in the literature. In this study we explored the reactions of atomic metal anions M(-), notably K(-), Cs(-), Co(-), Fe(-), Cu(-) and Ag(-), with alcohols, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. All of the metal anions deprotonated the alcohols and alkynes. Also observed were the subsequent reactions of the resulting organic anions. Fe(-) and Cu(-) consistently displayed mono- and bis-dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols, and alkanes, alkenes and alkynes to form MH(-) and MH(2)(-). Mechanisms for the dehydrogenation reactions are proposed and substantiated with isotopically-labelled reagents and thermochemical arguments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mayer
- Chemistry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | | | - Alex Mungham
- Chemistry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwarz H. How and Why Do Cluster Size, Charge State, and Ligands Affect the Course of Metal-Mediated Gas-Phase Activation of Methane? Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Zhao YX, Li ZY, Yuan Z, Li XN, He SG. Thermal Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde Promoted by Single Platinum Atoms in PtAl2O4−Cluster Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Zhao YX, Li ZY, Yuan Z, Li XN, He SG. Thermal Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde Promoted by Single Platinum Atoms in PtAl2O4−Cluster Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9482-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
32
|
Baltrusaitis J, de Graaf C, Broer R, Patterson EV. H2S-mediated thermal and photochemical methane activation. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3960-70. [PMID: 24150813 PMCID: PMC3880144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable, low-temperature methods for natural gas activation are critical in addressing current and foreseeable energy and hydrocarbon feedstock needs. Large portions of natural gas resources are still too expensive to process due to their high content of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) mixed with methane, deemed altogether as sub-quality or "sour" gas. We propose a unique method of activation to form a mixture of sulfur-containing hydrocarbon intermediates, CH3SH and CH3SCH3 , and an energy carrier such as H2. For this purpose, we investigated the H2S-mediated methane activation to form a reactive CH3SH species by means of direct photolysis of sub-quality natural gas. Photoexcitation of hydrogen sulfide in the CH4 + H2S complex resulted in a barrierless relaxation by a conical intersection to form a ground-state CH3SH + H2 complex. The resulting CH3SH could further be coupled over acidic catalysts to form higher hydrocarbons, and the resulting H2 used as a fuel. This process is very different from conventional thermal or radical-based processes and can be driven photolytically at low temperatures, with enhanced control over the conditions currently used in industrial oxidative natural gas activation. Finally, the proposed process is CO2 neutral, as opposed to the current industrial steam methane reforming (SMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Baltrusaitis
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Meander 225, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede (The Netherlands); Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242 (USA).
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kretschmer R, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermal Activation of Ammonia by Transition-Metal Hydroxide Cations. Chempluschem 2013; 78:952-958. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Shul'pin GB. C–H functionalization: thoroughly tuning ligands at a metal ion, a chemist can greatly enhance catalyst's activity and selectivity. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12794-818. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|