1
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Bari MA, Elsherbeni SA, Maqbool T, Latham DE, Gushlow EB, Harper EJ, Morrill LC. Iron-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols with Isopropanol. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14571-14576. [PMID: 39320102 PMCID: PMC11459429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an iron-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of allylic alcohols. The operationally simple protocol employs a well-defined bench stable (cyclopentadienone)iron(0) carbonyl complex as a precatalyst in combination with K2CO3 (4 mol %) and isopropanol as the hydrogen donor. A diverse range of allylic alcohols undergo transfer hydrogenation to form the corresponding alcohols in good yields (33 examples, ≤83% isolated yield). The scope and limitations of the method have been investigated, and experiments that shed light on the reaction mechanism have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Bari
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Salma A. Elsherbeni
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Daniel E. Latham
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Edward B. Gushlow
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Harper
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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2
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Sila N, Dürrmann A, Weber B, Heinemann FW, Irrgang T, Kempe R. A Selective Iron(I) Hydrogenation Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26877-26883. [PMID: 39308226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Iron is the most abundant transition metal of the Earth's crust, and the understanding of its function in key technologies, such as catalysis, is highly important. We report here on an iron(I) hydrogenation catalyst. Our catalyst activates hydrogen via heterolytic bond cleavage, forms a monohydride, and hydrogenates polar double bonds via a bimetallic pathway (potassium-assisted hydride transfer). The mechanism observed seems to exclude oxidative addition and reductive elimination pathways, permitting the tolerance of numerous hydrogenation-sensitive functional groups, as demonstrated for the hydrogenation of C═O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Sila
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Catalyst Design, Sustainable Chemistry Center, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Dürrmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Irrgang
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Catalyst Design, Sustainable Chemistry Center, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Catalyst Design, Sustainable Chemistry Center, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Manisha M, Kumari S, Sharma D, Negi L, Joshi RK. Iron-Catalyzed Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Using H 2O as a Surrogate of Hydrogen. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11983-11993. [PMID: 39155442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable and highly economical iron-catalyzed chemoselective reduction of C═C of α,β-unsaturated ketones has been established under mild reaction protocols. Water is used as a green and abundant surrogate of hydrogen and is scarcely used in organic synthetic transformations as a source of hydrogen. The developed protocol offers a broad spectrum for chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones. Moreover, the method was found to be highly effective for aryl and ferrocenyl α,β-unsaturated ketones consisting of one or two double bonds and with multiple functionalities. Moreover, the present method avoids prolonged reaction time, provides a wide range of substrates with excellent yield, and circumvents the tedious chromatographic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Manisha
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lalit Negi
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raj K Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Wang XG, Ajisafe MP, Fayad E, Katouah HA, Qin HL. A protocol for hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols in aqueous media at room temperature in high yields and purity. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5325-5332. [PMID: 38874178 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones using the RANEY® nickel catalyst was successfully applied for the synthesis of alcohol compounds without additional column chromatographic purification. This synthetic strategy features a wide range of substrates, excellent atom economy, high chemical discrimination and the use of a ligand-free catalytic system. Reactions were performed at room temperature in water providing alcohols in high yields and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ge Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Monday Peter Ajisafe
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi A Katouah
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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5
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Shirayama K, Jin X, Nozaki K. Selective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes under Syngas Using CeO 2-Supported Au Nanoparticle Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14086-14094. [PMID: 38634713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes to alcohols is of importance in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a reusable CeO2-supported Au nanoparticle catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of aldehydes using syngas as the hydrogen source for which CO in syngas works as a site blocker to prevent side reactions. In particular, the hydrogenation of aldehydes with an easily reducible alkene, alkyne, or halogen moiety under syngas gave the corresponding alcohols with high selectivity, while the hydrogenation under pure hydrogen resulted in overreduction or dehalogenation. Of particular interest is that CO works as a site blocker but does not affect the hydrogenation rate significantly. A potential application of the present catalyst system was demonstrated by the conversion of terminal alkenes to alcohols via a one-pot hydroformylation/hydrogenation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shirayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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6
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Werley BK, Hou X, Bertonazzi EP, Chianese A, Funk TW. Substituent Effects and Mechanistic Insights on the Catalytic Activities of (Tetraarylcyclopentadienone)iron Carbonyl Compounds in Transfer Hydrogenations and Dehydrogenations. Organometallics 2023; 42:3053-3065. [PMID: 38028505 PMCID: PMC10647929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
(Cyclopentadienone)iron carbonyl compounds are catalytically active in carbonyl/imine reductions, alcohol oxidations, and borrowing hydrogen reactions, but the effect of cyclopentadienone electronics on their activity is not well established. A series of (tetraarylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds with varied electron densities on the cyclopentadienone were prepared, and their activities in transfer hydrogenations and dehydrogenations were explored. Additionally, mechanistic studies, including kinetic isotope effect experiments and modifications to substrate electronics, were undertaken to gain insights into catalyst resting states and turnover-limiting steps of these reactions. As the cyclopentadienone electron density increased, both the transfer hydrogenation and dehydrogenation rates increased. A catalytically relevant, trimethylamine-ligated iron compound was isolated and characterized and was observed in solution under both transfer hydrogenation and dehydrogenation conditions. Importantly, it was catalytically active in both reactions. Kinetic isotope effect data and initial rates in transfer hydrogenation reactions with 4'-substituted acetophenones provided evidence that hydrogen transfer from the catalyst to the carbonyl substrate occurred during the turnover-limiting step, and NMR spectroscopy supports the trimethylamine adduct as an off-cycle resting state and the (hydroxycyclopentadienyl)iron hydride as an on-cycle resting state. In transfer dehydrogenations of alcohols, the use of electronically modified benzylic alcohols provided evidence that the turnover-limiting step involves the transfer of hydrogen from the alcohol substrate to the catalyst. The trimethylamine-ligated compound was proposed as the primary catalyst resting state in dehydrogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn K. Werley
- Department
of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Evan P. Bertonazzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Anthony Chianese
- Department
of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Timothy W. Funk
- Department
of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
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7
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Yang W, Filonenko GA, Pidko EA. Performance of homogeneous catalysts viewed in dynamics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1757-1768. [PMID: 36683401 PMCID: PMC9910057 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective assessment of catalytic performance is the foundation for the rational design and development of new catalysts with superior performance. The ubiquitous screening/optimization studies use reaction yields as the sole performance metric in an approach that often neglects the complexity of the catalytic system and intrinsic reactivities of the catalysts. Using an example of hydrogenation catalysis, we examine the transient behavior of catalysts that are often encountered in activation, deactivation and catalytic turnover processes. Each of these processes and the reaction environment in which they take place are gradually shown to determine the real-time catalyst speciation and the resulting kinetics of the overall catalytic reaction. As a result, the catalyst performance becomes a complex and time-dependent metric defined by multiple descriptors apart from the reaction yield. This behaviour is not limited to hydrogenation catalysis and affects various catalytic transformations. In this feature article, we discuss these catalytically relevant descriptors in an attempt to arrive at a comprehensive depiction of catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Georgy A. Filonenko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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8
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Bütikofer A, Chen P. Cyclopentadienone Iron Complex-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones: An Operando Spectrometric Study Using Pressurized Sample Infusion-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Bütikofer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8049, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8049, Switzerland
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9
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Gimferrer M, Joly N, Escayola S, Viñas E, Gaillard S, Solà M, Renaud JL, Salvador P, Poater A. Knölker Iron Catalysts for Hydrogenation Revisited: A Nonspectator Solvent and Fine-Tuning. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Eduard Viñas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Zhang M, Wang T, Zhang M, Wang Q, Wang L, Zhang X, Li G. Tunable Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde by Capped Pt/Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Tengda Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qingfa Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guozhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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11
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Iridium-catalyzed chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated ketones to saturated ketones in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Gholap SS, Dakhil AA, Chakraborty P, Li H, Dutta I, Das PK, Huang KW. Efficient and chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes catalyzed by well-defined PN 3-pincer manganese(II) catalyst precursors: an application in furfural conversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11815-11818. [PMID: 34693946 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined and air-stable PN3-pincer manganese(II) complexes were synthesized and used for the hydrogenation of aldehydes into alcohols under mild conditions using MeOH as a solvent. This protocol is applicable for a wide range of aldehydes containing various functional groups. Importantly, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, including ynals, are hydrogenated with the CC double bond/CC triple bond intact. Our methodology was demonstrated for the conversion of biomass derived feedstocks such as furfural and 5-formylfurfural to furfuryl alcohol and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfuryl alcohol respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Suryabhan Gholap
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Al Dakhil
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432-5701, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Huaifeng Li
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Indranil Dutta
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pradip K Das
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Blanco CO, Llovera L, Herrera A, Dorta R, Agrifoglio G, Venuti D, Landaeta VR, Pastrán J. Ruthenium (II) complexes with C- and C-symmetric bis-(+)-camphopyrazole ligands and their evaluation in catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Akter M, Anbarasan P. (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes: Synthesis, Mechanism and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1703-1724. [PMID: 33999506 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(Cyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl complexes are catalytically active, inexpensive, easily accessible and air-stable that are extensively studied as an active pre-catalyst in homogeneous catalysis. Its versatile catalytic activity arises exclusively due to the presence of a non-innocent ligand, which can trigger its unique redox properties effectively. These complexes have been employed widely in (transfer)hydrogenation (e. g., reduction of polar multiple bonds, Oppenauer-type oxidation of alcohols), C-C and C-N bond formation (e. g., reductive aminations, α-alkylation of ketones) and other synthetic transformations. In this review, we discuss the remarkable advancement of its various synthetic applications along with synthesis and mechanistic studies, until February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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15
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Wang R, Yue Y, Qi J, Liu S, Song A, Zhuo S, Xing LB. Ambient-pressure highly active hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes catalyzed by a metal-ligand bifunctional iridium catalyst under base-free conditions in water. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Coufourier S, Ndiaye D, Gaillard QG, Bettoni L, Joly N, Mbaye MD, Poater A, Gaillard S, Renaud JL. Iron-catalyzed chemoselective hydride transfer reactions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Dai H, Li W, Krause JA, Guan H. Experimental Evidence of syn H–N–Fe–H Configurational Requirement for Iron-Based Bifunctional Hydrogenation Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6521-6535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Hairong Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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18
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Han B, Zhang M, Jiao H, Ma H, Wang J, Zhang Y. Ligand-enabled and magnesium-activated hydrogenation with earth-abundant cobalt catalysts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39934-39939. [PMID: 35494102 PMCID: PMC9044643 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07266h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-selective hydrogenation of PAHs and olefins through a Mg preactivated diketimine/CoBr2 or diketimine–Co complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Jiao
- Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Ma
- Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
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19
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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20
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Xue Q, Wu R, Wang D, Zhu M, Zuo W. Effectiveness and Mechanism of the Ene(amido) Group in Activating Iron for the Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Huo S, Wang Q, Zuo W. An iron variant of the Noyori hydrogenation catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7959-7967. [PMID: 32497166 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a new iron catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. This type of iron catalyst combines the structural characteristics of the Noyori hydrogenation catalyst (an axially chiral 2,2'-bis(phosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl fragment and the metal-ligand bifunctional motif) and an ene(amido) group that can activate the iron center. After activation by 8 equivalents of potassium tert-butoxide, (SA,RP,SS)-7a and (SA,RP,SS)-7b are active but nonenantioselective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes at room temperature in isopropanol. A maximum turnover number of 14480 was observed for (SA,RP,SS)-7a in the reduction of acetophenone. The right combination of the stereochemistry of the axially chiral 2,2'-bis(phosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl group and the carbon-centered chiral amine-imine moiety in (SA,RP,RR)-7b' afforded an enantioselective catalyst for the preparation of chiral alcohols with moderate to good yields and a broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfei Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of materials science and engineering, Donghua University, China.
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22
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Nath I, Chakraborty J, Zhang G, Chen C, Chaemchuen S, Park J, Zhuiykov S, Han T, Verpoort F. Understanding the roles of variable Pd(II)/Pd(0) ratio supported on conjugated poly-azobenzene network: From characteristic alteration in properties to their cooperation towards visible-light-induced selective hydrogenation. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Pignataro L, Gennari C. Recent Catalytic Applications of (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi 19-20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi 19-20133 Milan Italy
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24
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Tang Y, Meador RIL, Malinchak CT, Harrison EE, McCaskey KA, Hempel MC, Funk TW. (Cyclopentadienone)iron-Catalyzed Transfer Dehydrogenation of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Diols to Lactones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1823-1834. [PMID: 31880449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Air-stable iron carbonyl compounds bearing cyclopentadienone ligands with varying substitution were explored as catalysts in dehydrogenative diol lactonization reactions using acetone as both the solvent and hydrogen acceptor. Two catalysts with trimethylsilyl groups in the 2- and 5-positions, [2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(CH2)4(η4-C4C═O)]Fe(CO)3 (1) and [2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(CH2)3(η4-C4C═O)]Fe(CO)3 (2), were found to be the most active, with 2 being the most selective in the lactonization of diols containing both primary and secondary alcohols. Lactones containing five-, six-, and seven-membered rings were successfully synthesized, and no over-oxidations to carboxylic acids were detected. The lactonization of unsymmetrical diols containing two primary alcohols occurred with catalyst 1, but selectivity was low based on alcohol electronics and modest based on alcohol sterics. Evidence for a transfer dehydrogenation mechanism was found, and insight into the origin of selectivity in the lactonization of 1°/2° diols was obtained. Additionally, spectroscopic evidence for a trimethylamine-ligated iron species formed in solution during the reaction was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
| | - Rowan I L Meador
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
| | - Casina T Malinchak
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
| | - Emily E Harrison
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
| | - Kimberly A McCaskey
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
| | - Melanie C Hempel
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
| | - Timothy W Funk
- Department of Chemistry , Gettysburg College , Gettysburg , Pennsylvania 17325 , United States
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25
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Duan YN, Du X, Cui Z, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Yang T, Wen J, Zhang X. Homogeneous Hydrogenation with a Cobalt/Tetraphosphine Catalyst: A Superior Hydride Donor for Polar Double Bonds and N-Heteroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20424-20433. [PMID: 31791120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of catalysts based on earth abundant metals in place of noble metals is becoming a central topic of catalysis. We herein report a cobalt/tetraphosphine complex-catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation of polar unsaturated compounds using an air- and moisture-stable and scalable precatalyst. By activation with potassium hydroxide, this cobalt system shows both high efficiency (up to 24 000 TON and 12 000 h-1 TOF) and excellent chemoselectivities with various aldehydes, ketones, imines, and even N-heteroarenes. The preference for 1,2-reduction over 1,4-reduction makes this method an efficient way to prepare allylic alcohols and amines. Meanwhile, efficient hydrogenation of the challenging N-heteroarenes is also furnished with excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies and control experiments demonstrated that a CoIH complex functions as a strong hydride donor in the catalytic cycle. Each cobalt intermediate on the catalytic cycle was characterized, and a plausible outer-sphere mechanism was proposed. Noteworthy, external inorganic base plays multiple roles in this reaction and functions in almost every step of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Duan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xiaoyong Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhikai Cui
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yiqun Zeng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Tilong Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jialin Wen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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26
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Wang Y, Zhu L, Shao Z, Li G, Lan Y, Liu Q. Unmasking the Ligand Effect in Manganese-Catalyzed Hydrogenation: Mechanistic Insight and Catalytic Application. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17337-17349. [PMID: 31633346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions have attracted broad interest since the first report in 2016. Among the reported catalytic systems, Mn catalysts supported by tridentate PNP- and NNP-pincer ligands have most commonly been used. For example, a number of PNP-Mn pincer catalysts have been reported for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, aldimines, ketones, nitriles, and esters. Furthermore, various NNP-Mn pincer catalysts have been shown to be active in the hydrogenation of less-reactive substrates such as amides, carbonates, carbamates, and urea derivations. These observations indicated that Mn catalysts supported by NNP-pincer ligands exhibit higher reactivity in hydrogenation reactions than their PNP counterparts. Such a ligand effect in Mn-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions has yet to be confirmed. Herein, we investigated the origin and applicability of this ligand effect. A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations showed that NNP-pincer ligands on the Mn complexes were more electron-rich and less sterically hindered than their PNP counterparts, leading to higher reactivity in a series of Mn-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions. Inspired by the ligand effect on Mn-catalyzed hydrogenations, we developed the first Mn-catalyzed hydrogenation of N-heterocycles. Specifically, NNP-Mn pincer catalysts hydrogenated a series of N-heterocycles (32 examples) with up to 99% yields, and the corresponding PNP-Mn pincer catalysts afforded low reactivity under the same conditions. This verified that such a ligand effect is generally applicable in hydrogenation reactions of both carbonyl and noncarbonyl substrates based on Mn catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Zhihui Shao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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28
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Asymmetric ruthenium tricarbonyl cyclopentadienone complexes; synthesis and application to asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Emayavaramban B, Chakraborty P, Sundararaju B. Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Amines with Carboxylic Acids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3089-3093. [PMID: 30418691 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct reductive alkylation of amines with carboxylic acid is carried out by using an inexpensive, air-stable cobalt/triphos catalytic system with molecular hydrogen as the reductant. This efficient synthetic method proceeds through reduction and condensation, followed by reduction of the in situ-generated imine into the amine in a green catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Emayavaramban
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208 016, India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208 016, India
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208 016, India
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30
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Lator A, Gaillard QG, Mérel DS, Lohier JF, Gaillard S, Poater A, Renaud JL. Room-Temperature Chemoselective Reductive Alkylation of Amines Catalyzed by a Well-Defined Iron(II) Complex Using Hydrogen. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6813-6829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lator
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Delphine S. Mérel
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-François Lohier
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
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31
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Yang C, Bai S, Feng Y, Huang X. An On‐Demand, Selective Hydrogenation Catalysis over Pt−Fe Nanocatalysts under Ambient Condition. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Shuxing Bai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu P.R. China
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32
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Chiral (cyclopentadienone)iron complexes with a stereogenic plane as pre-catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of polar double bonds. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Shvydkiy NV, Vyhivskyi O, Nelyubina YV, Perekalin DS. Design of Manganese Phenol Pi‐complexes as Shvo‐type Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Shvydkiy
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Oleksandr Vyhivskyi
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University 1/3 Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Perekalin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova 119991 Moscow Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 36 Stremyannyi pereulok 117997 Moscow Russia
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34
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Widegren MB, Clarke ML. Towards practical earth abundant reduction catalysis: design of improved catalysts for manganese catalysed hydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01601e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rational design using kinetic studies has led to a 3-fold-increase in the reaction-rates compared to an already-promising lead catalyst for the reduction of ketones and esters.
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35
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Espinal-Viguri M, Neale SE, Coles NT, Macgregor SA, Webster RL. Room Temperature Iron-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation and Regioselective Deuteration of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:572-582. [PMID: 30518206 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An iron catalyst has been developed for the transfer hydrogenation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Using a well-defined β-diketiminate iron(II) precatalyst, a sacrificial amine and a borane, even simple, unactivated alkenes such as 1-hexene undergo hydrogenation within 1 h at room temperature. Tuning the reagent stoichiometry allows for semi- and complete hydrogenation of terminal alkynes. It is also possible to hydrogenate aminoalkenes and aminoalkynes without poisoning the catalyst through competitive amine ligation. Furthermore, by exploiting the separate protic and hydridic nature of the reagents, it is possible to regioselectively prepare monoisotopically labeled products. DFT calculations define a mechanism for the transfer hydrogenation of propene with nBuNH2 and HBpin that involves the initial formation of an iron(II)-hydride active species, 1,2-insertion of propene, and rate-limiting protonolysis of the resultant alkyl by the amine N-H bond. This mechanism is fully consistent with the selective deuteration studies, although the calculations also highlight alkene hydroboration and amine-borane dehydrocoupling as competitive processes. This was resolved by reassessing the nature of the active transfer hydrogenation agent: experimentally, a gel is observed in catalysis, and calculations suggest this can be formulated as an oligomeric species comprising H-bonded amine-borane adducts. Gel formation serves to reduce the effective concentrations of free HBpin and nBuNH2 and so disfavors both hydroboration and dehydrocoupling while allowing alkene migratory insertion (and hence transfer hydrogenation) to dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Espinal-Viguri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L Webster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wei
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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37
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Garhwal S, Maji B, Semwal S, Choudhury J. Ambient-Pressure and Base-Free Aldehyde Hydrogenation Catalyst Supported by a Bifunctional Abnormal NHC Ligand. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Garhwal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Babulal Maji
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Shrivats Semwal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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38
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Cettolin M, Bai X, Lübken D, Gatti M, Facchini SV, Piarulli U, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Improving C=N Bond Reductions with (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes: Scope and Limitations. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cettolin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 ‐ Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Xishan Bai
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 ‐ Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Dennis Lübken
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 ‐ Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 ‐ Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Sofia Vailati Facchini
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Via Valleggio, 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Via Valleggio, 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 ‐ Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 ‐ Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy
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39
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Wang Y, Ren S, Zhang W, Xue B, Qi X, Sun H, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. Syntheses of hydrido selenophenolato iron(II) complexes and their catalytic application in hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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40
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Bai S, Bu L, Shao Q, Zhu X, Huang X. Multicomponent Pt-Based Zigzag Nanowires as Selectivity Controllers for Selective Hydrogenation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8384-8387. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxing Bai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lingzheng Bu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Testing & Analysis Center, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
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41
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Petricci E, Santillo N, Castagnolo D, Cini E, Taddei M. Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Aldehydes in Isopropyl Alcohol/Water Media as Hydrogen Sources. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petricci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Niccolò Santillo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences; King's College London; 150 Stamford Street SE1 9NH London UK
| | - Elena Cini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
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42
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Glatz M, Stöger B, Himmelbauer D, Veiros LF, Kirchner K. Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes under Mild, Base-Free Conditions: Manganese Outperforms Rhenium. ACS Catal 2018; 8:4009-4016. [PMID: 29755828 PMCID: PMC5939901 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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Several
hydride Mn(I) and Re(I) PNP pincer complexes were applied
as catalysts for the homogeneous chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes.
Among these, [Mn(PNP-iPr)(CO)2(H)] was
found to be one of the most efficient base metal catalysts for this
process and represents a rare example which permits the selective
hydrogenation of aldehydes in the presence of ketones and other reducible
functionalities, such as C=C double bonds, esters, or nitriles.
The reaction proceeds at room temperature under base-free conditions
with catalyst loadings between 0.1 and 0.05 mol% and a hydrogen pressure
of 50 bar (reaching TONs of up to 2000). A mechanism which involves
an outer-sphere hydride transfer and reversible PNP ligand deprotonation/protonation
is proposed. Analogous isoelectronic and isostructural Re(I) complexes
were only poorly active.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais No. 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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43
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Funk TW, Mahoney AR, Sponenburg RA, Zimmerman KP, Kim DK, Harrison EE. Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of (3,4-Diphenylcyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Compounds in Transfer Hydrogenations and Dehydrogenations. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Andrew R. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Sponenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Kathryn P. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Daniel K. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Emily E. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
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44
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Lator A, Gaillard S, Poater A, Renaud JL. Iron-Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Chemistry 2018; 24:5770-5774. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lator
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN; CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN; CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament de Química; Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC); Universitat de Girona; Campus de Montilivi 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN; CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
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45
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Verma S, Baig RBN, Nadagouda MN, Varma RS. Oxidative C-H activation of amines using protuberant lychee-like goethite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2024. [PMID: 29386553 PMCID: PMC5792549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Goethite with protuberant lychee morphology has been synthesized that accomplishes C-H activation of N-methylanilines to generate α-aminonitriles; the catalyst takes oxygen from air and uses it as a co-oxidant in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Verma
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P. O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - R B Nasir Baig
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P. O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Water Systems Division, Water Resources Recovery Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Water Systems Division, Water Resources Recovery Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA.
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46
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Ge H, Chen X, Yang X. A mechanistic study and computational prediction of iron, cobalt and manganese cyclopentadienone complexes for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12422-12425. [PMID: 27606377 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of cobalt and manganese cyclopentadienone complexes are proposed and examined computationally as promising catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid with total free energies as low as 20.0 kcal mol-1 in aqueous solution. Density functional theory study of the newly designed cobalt and manganese complexes and experimentally reported iron cyclopentadienone complexes reveals a stepwise hydride transfer mechanism with a water or a methanol molecule assisted proton transfer for the cleavage of H2 as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Wang R, Tang Y, Xu M, Meng C, Li F. Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Isopropanol under Neutral Conditions Catalyzed by a Metal–Ligand Bifunctional Catalyst [Cp*Ir(2,2′-bpyO)(H2O)]. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2274-2281. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawen Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Song J, Xue Z, Xie C, Wu H, Liu S, Zhang L, Han B. Porous, Naturally Derived Hafnium Phytate for the Highly Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes with Other Reducible Moieties. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Chao Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
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49
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Christie F, Zanotti-Gerosa A, Grainger D. Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Aldehydes using Triphos Ruthenium Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Christie
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; EaStCHEM; St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Damian Grainger
- Johnson Matthey; 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0FP UK
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50
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Brünig J, Csendes Z, Weber S, Gorgas N, Bittner RW, Limbeck A, Bica K, Hoffmann H, Kirchner K. Chemoselective Supported Ionic-Liquid-Phase (SILP) Aldehyde Hydrogenation Catalyzed by an Fe(II) PNP Pincer Complex. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brünig
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zita Csendes
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Gorgas
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland W. Bittner
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Bica
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Hoffmann
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Technologies
and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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