1
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García-Padilla E, Maseras F, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed 1,6-Enyne Single-Cleavage Rearrangements: The Complete Picture. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:312-320. [PMID: 37810414 PMCID: PMC10557124 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
We identify the factors that rule the selectivity in single-cleavage skeletal rearrangements promoted by gold(I) catalysts. We find that stereoconvergence is enabled by a rotational equilibrium when electron-rich substituents are used. The anomalous Z-selective skeletal rearrangement is found to be due to electronic factors, whereas endo-selectivity depends on both steric and electronic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Padilla
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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2
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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the cycloisomerization of N-propargylcarboxamide catalyzed by NHC-Au-X in green solvents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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π-Alkene/alkyne and carbene complexes of gold(I) stabilized by chelating ligands. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Milián A, García-García P, Pérez-Redondo A, Sanz R, Vaquero JJ, Fernández-Rodríguez MA. Selective Synthesis of Phenanthrenes and Dihydrophenanthrenes via Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Biphenyl Embedded Trienynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:8464-8469. [PMID: 32969663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Readily available o'-alkenyl-o-alkynylbiaryls, a particular type of 1,7-enynes, undergo a selective cycloisomerization reaction in the presence of a gold(I) catalyst to give interesting phenanthrene and dihydrophenanthrene derivatives in high yields. The solvent used provokes a switch in the evolution of the gold intermediate and plays a key role in the reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Milián
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Quı́mica "Andrés M. del Rı́o" (IQAR). Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS). Campus Cientı́fico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Quı́mica "Andrés M. del Rı́o" (IQAR). Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS). Campus Cientı́fico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Quı́mica "Andrés M. del Rı́o" (IQAR). Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS). Campus Cientı́fico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Quı́mica "Andrés M. del Rı́o" (IQAR). Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS). Campus Cientı́fico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Fernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Quı́mica "Andrés M. del Rı́o" (IQAR). Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS). Campus Cientı́fico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Abstract
Three- and four-membered rings, widespread motifs in nature and medicinal chemistry, have fascinated chemists ever since their discovery. However, due to energetic considerations, small rings are often difficult to assemble. In this regard, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to construct these highly strained carbocycles. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of all the major advances and discoveries made in the gold-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes, cyclopropenes, cyclobutanes, cyclobutenes, and their corresponding heterocyclic or heterosubstituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcı A-Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Four carbon ring systems are frequently present in natural products with remarkable biological activities such as terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The development of new strategies for the assembly of these structures in a rapid and efficient manner has attracted the interest of synthetic chemists for a long time. The current research is focused mainly on the development of synthetic methods that can be performed under mild reaction conditions with a high tolerance to functional groups. In recent years, gold complexes have turned into excellent candidates for this aim, owing to their high reactivity, and are thus capable of promoting a wide range of transformations under mild conditions. Their remarkable efficiency has been thoroughly demonstrated in the synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple starting materials. This review summarizes the main synthetic strategies described for gold-catalyzed four-carbon ring formation, as well as their application in the synthesis of natural products.
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7
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Li T, Rong W, Zhang T, Li J. Mechanism and Origins of Product Selectivity of Au‐Catalyzed Coupling Benzisoxazoles with Ynamides: A Computational Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 P. R. China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 P. R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 P. R. China
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8
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Virumbrales C, Suárez‐Pantiga S, Marín‐Luna M, Silva López C, Sanz R. Unlocking the 5‐
exo
Pathway with the Au
I
‐Catalyzed Alkoxycyclization of 1,3‐Dien‐5‐ynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:8443-8451. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Virumbrales
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez‐Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Marta Marín‐Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and CITACAAgri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da AugaUniversidade de Vigo 32004 Ourense Spain
- Current address: Departamento de Química OrgánicaRegional Campus of International Excellence „Campus Mare Nostrum“Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and CITACAAgri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da AugaUniversidade de Vigo 32004 Ourense Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
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9
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Vanjari R, Dutta S, Prabagar B, Gandon V, Sahoo AK. Ring Expansion and 1,2‐Migration Cascade of Benzisoxazoles with Ynamides: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4828-4836. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwer Vanjari
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana 500046 India
| | - Shubham Dutta
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana 500046 India
| | - B. Prabagar
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana 500046 India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)CNRS UMR 8182Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM)CNRS UMR 9168Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex France
| | - Akhila K. Sahoo
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana 500046 India
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10
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Gold(I)-catalyzed [4 + 1]/[4 + 3] annulations of diazo esters with hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines: Theoretical study of mechanism and regioselectivity. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Tskhovrebov AG, Lingnau JB, Fürstner A. Gold Difluorocarbenoid Complexes: Spectroscopic and Chemical Profiling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia B. Lingnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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12
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Tskhovrebov AG, Lingnau JB, Fürstner A. Gold Difluorocarbenoid Complexes: Spectroscopic and Chemical Profiling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8834-8838. [PMID: 30998295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold carbenes of the general type [LAu=CR2 ]+ are sufficiently long-lived for spectroscopic inspection only if the substituents compensate for the largely missing stabilization of the carbene center by the [LAu]+ fragment. π-Donation by two fluorine substituents (R=F) is insufficient; rather, difluorocarbene complexes are so deprived in electron density that they sequester even "weakly coordinating" anions such as triflate or triflimide. This particular bonding situation translates into unmistakable carbenium ion chemistry upon reaction with stilbene as a model substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia B Lingnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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13
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Mato M, García‐Morales C, Echavarren AM. Generation of Gold(I) Carbenes by Retro‐Buchner Reaction: From Cyclopropanes to Natural Products Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cristina García‐Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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14
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Ma B, Liu L, Zhang J. Gold-Catalyzed Site-Selective C−H Bond Functionalization with Diazo Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
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15
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Ren YY, Chen M, Li K, Zhu SF. Gold-Catalyzed Formal C-C Bond Insertion Reaction of 2-Aryl-2-diazoesters with 1,3-Diketones. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2606-2610. [PMID: 29959823 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed formal C-C bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with monocarbonyl compounds is well established, but the related reaction of 1,3-diketones instead gives C-H bond insertion products. Herein, we report a protocol for a gold-catalyzed formal C-C bond insertion reaction of 2-aryl-2-diazoesters with 1,3-diketones, which provides efficient access to polycarbonyl compounds with an all-carbon quaternary center. The aryl ester moiety plays a crucial role in the unusual chemoselectivity, and the addition of a Brønsted acid to the reaction mixture improves the yield of the C-C bond insertion product. A reaction mechanism involving cyclopropanation of a gold carbenoid with an enolate and ring-opening of the resulting donor-acceptor-type cyclopropane intermediate is proposed. This mechanism differs from that of the traditional Lewis-acid-catalyzed C-C bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with monocarbonyl compounds, which involves a rearrangement of a zwitterion intermediate as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
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16
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Gold(I)-Catalysis for the Synthesis of Terpenoids: From Intramolecular Cascades to Intermolecular Cycloadditions. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Miao M, Xu H, Jin M, Chen Z, Xu J, Ren H. 1,2-Gold Carbene Transfer Empowers Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans. Org Lett 2018; 20:3096-3100. [PMID: 29733215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed cascade cycloisomerization/ring-opening reaction of allenyl ketones bearing a cyclopropyl moiety with a wide variety of alcohols or ketones is developed. This reaction involves an unprecedented 1,2-gold carbene transfer to provide regioselective and modular access to tri- or tetrasubstituted furans in moderate to high yields and with broad substrate tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Mengchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Ren
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
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18
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Bai YB, Luo Z, Wang Y, Gao JM, Zhang L. Au-Catalyzed Intermolecular [2+2] Cycloadditions between Chloroalkynes and Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5860-5865. [PMID: 29618202 PMCID: PMC6488029 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The [2+2] cycloaddition is a versatile strategy for the synthesis of strained cyclobutenes of high synthetic value. In this study, two efficient intermolecular [2+2] cycloadditions between two different types of chloroalkynes and unactivated alkene are realized with gold catalysis. Of significance is that the reaction works with challenging monosubstituted unactivated alkenes, which is unprecedented in gold catalysis and scarcely documented in other metal-catalyzed/promoted reactions; moreover, the reaction exhibits excellent regioselectivities, which are much better than those reported in literature. With 1,2-disubstituted unactivated alkenes, the reaction is largely stereospecific. The cyclobutene products can be prepared in nearly gram scale and readily undergo further reactions including various cross-coupling reactions using the C(sp2)-Cl and/or C(sp2)-SPh bond, which in turn substantially broaden the scope of accessible cyclobutenes and enhance the synthetic utility of this bimolecular reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zaigang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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19
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Halliday CJV, Lynam JM. Gold-alkynyls in catalysis: alkyne activation, gold cumulenes and nuclearity. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:12611-26. [PMID: 27415145 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of cationic gold(i) species in the activation of substrates containing C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C bonds has become a valuable tool for synthetic chemists. Despite the seemingly simple label of 'alkyne activation', numerous patterns of reactivity and product structure are observed in systems employing related substrates and catalysts. The complications of mechanistic determination are compounded as the number of implicated gold(i) centres involved in catalysis increases and debate about the bonding in proposed intermediates clouds the number and importance of potential reaction pathways. This perspective aims to illustrate some of the principles underpinning gold-alkynyl interactions whilst highlighting some of the contentious areas in the field and offering some insight into other, often ignored, mechanistic possibilities based on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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20
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Ferrer S, Echavarren AM. Role of σ,π-Digold(I) Alkyne Complexes in Reactions of Enynes. Organometallics 2017; 37:781-786. [PMID: 29551852 PMCID: PMC5850095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gold(I)
acetylide and σ,π-digold(I) alkyne complexes
derived from one prototypical 1,6-enyne and from 7-ethynyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene
have been prepared and structurally characterized. Their possible
role in gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations has been studied by
experiment and by DFT calculations. Gold(I) acetylides are totally
unproductive complexes in the absence of Brønsted acids. Similarly,
no cyclizations were observed by heating σ,π-digold(I)
alkyne digold(I) at least up to 130 °C. Theoretical studies provide
a rationale for the much lower reactivity of digold species in reactions
of enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ferrer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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21
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Fürstner A. Gold-Katalyse für die Heterocyclenchemie: eine repräsentative Fallstudie zu Naturstoffen der Pyron-Reihe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Deutschland
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22
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Fürstner A. Gold Catalysis for Heterocyclic Chemistry: A Representative Case Study on Pyrone Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:4215-4233. [PMID: 28862364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
2-Pyrones and 4-pyrones are common structural motifs in bioactive natural products. However, traditional methods for their synthesis, which try to emulate the biosynthetic pathway of cyclization of a 1,3,5-tricarbonyl precursor, are often harsh and, therefore, not particularly suitable for applications to polyfunctionalized and/or sensitive target compounds. π-Acid catalysis, in contrast, has proved to be better for a systematic exploration of the pyrone estate. To this end, alkynes are used as stable ketone surrogates, which can be activated under exceedingly mild conditions due to the pronounced carbophilicity of [LAu]+ fragments (L=two electron donor ligand); attack of a tethered ester carbonyl group onto the transient alkyne-gold complex then forges the pyrone ring in a fully regiocontrolled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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23
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de Orbe ME, Amenós L, Kirillova MS, Wang Y, López-Carrillo V, Maseras F, Echavarren AM. Cyclobutene vs 1,3-Diene Formation in the Gold-Catalyzed Reaction of Alkynes with Alkenes: The Complete Mechanistic Picture. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10302-10311. [PMID: 28700226 PMCID: PMC5543397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular gold(I)-catalyzed reaction between arylalkynes and alkenes leads to cyclobutenes by a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which takes place stepwise, first by formation of cyclopropyl gold(I) carbenes, followed by a ring expansion. However, 1,3-butadienes are also formed in the case of ortho-substituted arylalkynes by a metathesis-type process. The corresponding reaction of alkenes with aryl-1,3-butadiynes, ethynylogous to arylalkynes, leads exclusively to cyclobutenes. A comprehensive mechanism for the gold(I)-catalyzed reaction of alkynes with alkenes is proposed on the basis of density functional theory calculations, which shows that the two pathways leading to cyclobutenes or dienes are very close in energy. The key intermediates are cyclopropyl gold(I) carbenes, which have been independently generated by retro-Buchner reaction from stereodefined 1a,7b-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena de Orbe
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Amenós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mariia S Kirillova
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica López-Carrillo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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24
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Synthesis and structures of gold and copper carbene intermediates in catalytic amination of alkynes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14625. [PMID: 28262737 PMCID: PMC5343500 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal carbenes are often proposed as reactive intermediates in the late transition metal-catalysed transformations of alkynes. Owing to their high reactivity, however, isolation and structural characterization of metal carbene intermediates in these transformations has remained unknown. Herein, we report the isolation of two acyclic gold and copper carbene intermediates in either Au(I)- or Cu(I)-catalysed cyclization of N-alkynyl formamidines through five-exo-dig cyclization. X-ray diffraction, 13C NMR spectra data and computational analyses provide evidence for the formation of a gold carbene intermediate with a carbocation-like electronic character. Using the intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) approach, we also evaluate the π-stabilizing effects of organic substituents at the carbene carbon atom in the gold carbene intermediate. Another rare six-membered copper carbene complex is also obtained through 6-endo-dig cyclization. These metal carbenes have proven reactive toward oxidation. The metal-promoted cyclization of N-alkynyl formamidine provides a facile approach to synthesize metal carbene species. Metal carbenes are typically highly reactive and unstable species, proposed as intermediates in numerous catalytic processes. Here the authors report the isolation and characterization of gold and copper carbene intermediates involved in catalytic cyclization reactions.
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25
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Kim N, Brooner REM, Widenhoefer RA. Unexpected Skeletal Rearrangement in the Gold(I)/Silver(I)-Catalyzed Conversion of 7-Aryl-1,6-enynes to Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-enes via Hidden Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rachel E. M. Brooner
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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26
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Hu Y, Bai M, Yang Y, Zhou Q. Metal-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization in natural product total synthesis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enyne cycloisomerization has become a powerful and attractive strategy for the construction of cyclic compounds, thus possessing great potential for applications in total synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P.R. China
| | - Miao Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P.R. China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P.R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
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27
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Fourmy K, El Louz M, Mallet-Ladeira S, Daran JC, Dechy-Cabaret O, Gouygou M. Platinum-catalysed intermolecular addition of carbonyl compounds to 1,6-enynes: investigation of a new reaction pathway. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13294-9. [PMID: 27363301 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel intermolecular addition of aldehydes to 1,6-enynes via a Pt-carbene intermediate provides the diastereoselective formation of valuable tricyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Fourmy
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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28
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Jaroschik F, Simonneau A, Lemière G, Cariou K, Agenet N, Amouri H, Aubert C, Goddard JP, Lesage D, Malacria M, Gimbert Y, Gandon V, Fensterbank L. Assessing Ligand and Counterion Effects in the Noble Metal Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of 1,6-Allenynes: a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jaroschik
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Lemière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Agenet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hani Amouri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Aubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Max Malacria
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, DCM (UMR 5250), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay,
CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment
420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and
CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
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29
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Sanguramath RA, Townsend NS, Russell CA. A simple Ag(I)-enyne cation. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Harris RJ, Widenhoefer RA. Gold carbenes, gold-stabilized carbocations, and cationic intermediates relevant to gold-catalysed enyne cycloaddition. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4533-51. [PMID: 27146712 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic gold complexes in which gold is bound to a formally divalent carbon atom, typically formulated as gold carbenes or α-metallocarbenium ions, have been widely invoked in a range of gold-catalyzed transformations, most notably in the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,n-enynes. Although the existence of gold carbene complexes as intermediates in gold-catalyzed transformations is supported by a wealth of indirect experimental data and by computation, until recently no examples of cationic gold carbenes/α-metallocarbenium ions had been synthesized nor had any cationic intermediates generated via gold-catalyzed enyne cycloaddition been directly observed. Largely for this reason, there has been considerable debate regarding the electronic structure of these cationic complexes, in particular the relative contributions of the carbene (LAu(+)[double bond, length as m-dash]CR2) and α-metallocarbenium (LAu-CR2(+)) forms, which is intimately related to the extent of d → p backbonding from gold to the C1 carbon atom. However, over the past ∼ seven years, a number of cationic gold carbene complexes have been synthesized in solution and generated in the gas phase and cationic intermediates have been directly observed in the gold-catalyzed cycloaddition of enynes. Together, these advances provide insight into the nature and electronic structure of gold carbene/α-metallocarbenium complexes and the cationic intermediates generated via gold-catalyzed enyne cycloaddition. Herein we review recent advances in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Harris
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0346, USA.
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31
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Trinchillo M, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L, Biasiolo L, Busico V, D’Amora A, D’Amore L, Del Zotto A, Tarantelli F, Tuzi A, Zuccaccia D. Extensive Experimental and Computational Study of Counterion Effect in the Reaction Mechanism of NHC-Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trinchillo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Biasiolo
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela D’Amora
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Amore
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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32
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Bender CF, Brown TJ, Widenhoefer RA. Mechanism of the Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of 4-Pentenylamines. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Bender
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Timothy J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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33
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Stathakis CI, Gkizis PL, Zografos AL. Metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization as a powerful tool in the synthesis of complex sesquiterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1093-117. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions can be regarded as “artificial sesquiterpenoid cyclase” tools in modern organic synthesis, and their progress is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandros L. Zografos
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Thessaloniki
- Greece
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34
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Hansmann MM, Melen RL, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Wadepohl H, Stephan DW, Hashmi ASK. Cyclopropanation/Carboboration Reactions of Enynes with B(C6F5)3. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15469-77. [PMID: 26580316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric reaction of B(C6F5)3 with 1,6-enynes is shown to proceed via initial cyclopropanation and formal 1,1-carboboration. Depending on the substitution on the alkene moiety, subsequent ring-opening of the cyclopropane affords either cyclopentane or cyclohexane derivatives in which the C6F5 and B(C6F5)2 adopt a 1,4-positioning. Mechanistically, this transformation involves π-activation of the alkyne moiety, which triggers cyclopropanation, followed by carboboration. Both the cyclopropanation and subsequent ring-opening are shown to be stereospecific. Both cyclopropanation and 1,4-carboborated products were employed as Lewis acid components in frustrated Lewis pair activation of H2 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU) , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Werlé C, Goddard R, Fürstner A. The First Crystal Structure of a Reactive Dirhodium Carbene Complex and a Versatile Method for the Preparation of Gold Carbenes by Rhodium-to-Gold Transmetalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15452-6. [PMID: 26534892 PMCID: PMC4832834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The dirhodium carbene derived from bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)diazomethane and [Rh(tpa)4]⋅CH2Cl2 (tpa=triphenylacetate) was characterized by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, as well as by X‐ray diffraction. The isolated complex exhibits prototypical rhodium carbene reactivity in that it cyclopropanates 4‐methoxystyrene at low temperature. Experimental structural information on this important type of reactive intermediate is extremely scarce and thus serves as a reference point for mechanistic discussions of rhodium catalysis in general. Moreover, dirhodium carbenes are shown to undergo remarkably facile carbene transfer on treatment with [LAuNTf2] (L=phosphine). This formal transmetalation opens a valuable new entry into gold carbene complexes that cannot easily be made otherwise; three fully characterized representatives illustrate this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany).
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36
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Werlé C, Goddard R, Fürstner A. The First Crystal Structure of a Reactive Dirhodium Carbene Complex and a Versatile Method for the Preparation of Gold Carbenes by Rhodium-to-Gold Transmetalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Ocello R, De Nisi A, Jia M, Yang QQ, Monari M, Giacinto P, Bottoni A, Miscione GP, Bandini M. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Dearomative [2+2]-Cycloaddition of Indoles with Activated Allenes: A Combined Experimental-Computational Study. Chemistry 2015; 21:18445-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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38
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Dorel R, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Activation of Alkynes for the Construction of Molecular Complexity. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9028-72. [PMID: 25844920 PMCID: PMC4580024 DOI: 10.1021/cr500691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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39
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Wei F, Song C, Ma Y, Zhou L, Tung CH, Xu Z. Gold carbene chemistry from diazo compounds. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Dorel R, Echavarren AM. Gold-Catalyzed Reactions via Cyclopropyl Gold Carbene-like Intermediates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7321-32. [PMID: 26061916 PMCID: PMC4531321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cycloisomerizations of 1,n-enynes catalyzed by gold(I) proceed via electrophilic species with a highly distorted cyclopropyl gold(I) carbene-like structure, which can react with different nucleophiles to form a wide variety of products by attack at the cyclopropane or the carbene carbons. Particularly important are reactions in which the gold(I) carbene reacts with alkenes to form cyclopropanes either intra- or intermolecularly. In the absence of nucleophiles, 1,n-enynes lead to a variety of cycloisomerized products including those resulting from skeletal rearrangements. Reactions proceeding through cyclopropyl gold(I) carbene-like intermediates are ideally suited for the bioinspired synthesis of terpenoid natural products by the selective activation of the alkyne in highly functionalized enynes or polyenynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research
of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research
of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Abstract
By reviewing the recent progress on the elucidation of the structure of gold carbenes and the definitions of metal carbenes and carbenoids, we recommend to use the term gold carbene to describe gold carbene-like intermediates, regardless of whether the carbene or carbocation extreme resonance dominates. Gold carbenes, because of the weak metal-to-carbene π-back-donation and their strongly electrophilic reactivity, could be classified into the broader family of Fischer carbenes, although their behavior and properties are very specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
| | - Michael E Muratore
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliC/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
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42
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Biasiolo L, Del Zotto A, Zuccaccia D. Toward Optimizing the Performance of Homogeneous L-Au-X Catalysts through Appropriate Matching of the Ligand (L) and Counterion (X–). Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasiolo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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43
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Robertson BD, Brooner REM, Widenhoefer RA. Tandem Gold/Silver-Catalyzed Cycloaddition/Hydroarylation of 7-Aryl-1,6-enynes to Form 6,6-Diarylbicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes. Chemistry 2015; 21:5714-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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44
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Kocsis LS, Kagalwala HN, Mutto S, Godugu B, Bernhard S, Tantillo DJ, Brummond KM. Mechanistic Insight into the Dehydro-Diels–Alder Reaction of Styrene–Ynes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11686-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Kocsis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
| | - Husain N. Kagalwala
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sharlene Mutto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kay M. Brummond
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
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45
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiang Jia
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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47
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Xu G, Zhu C, Gu W, Li J, Sun J. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Diazo Cross-Coupling: A Selective and Ligand-Controlled Denitrogenation/Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Xu G, Zhu C, Gu W, Li J, Sun J. Gold(I)-catalyzed diazo cross-coupling: a selective and ligand-controlled denitrogenation/cyclization cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:883-7. [PMID: 25385462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented gold-catalyzed ligand-controlled cross-coupling of diazo compounds by sequential selective denitrogenation and cyclization affords N-substituted pyrazoles in a position-switchable mode. This novel transformation features selective decomposition of one diazo moiety and simultaneous preservation of the other one from two substrates. Notably, the choice of the ancillary ligand to the gold complex plays a pivotal role on the chemo- and regioselectivity of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China)
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49
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Joost M, Estévez L, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Enhanced π-Backdonation from Gold(I): Isolation of Original Carbonyl and Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Joost M, Estévez L, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Enhanced π-backdonation from gold(I): isolation of original carbonyl and carbene complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14512-6. [PMID: 25359485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific electronic properties of bent o-carborane diphosphine gold(I) fragments were exploited to obtain the first classical carbonyl complex of gold [(DPCb)AuCO](+) (ν(CO)=2143 cm(-1) ) and the diphenylcarbene complex [(DPCb)Au(CPh2 )](+) , which is stabilized by the gold fragment rather than the carbene substituents. These two complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic means. The [(DPCb)Au](+) fragment plays a major role in their stability, as substantiated by DFT calculations. The bending induced by the diphosphine ligand substantially enhances π-backdonation and thereby allows the isolation of carbonyl and carbene complexes featuring significant π-bond character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Joost
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 (France)
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