1
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Boyle BT, Dow NW, Kelly CB, Bryan MC, MacMillan DWC. Unlocking carbene reactivity by metallaphotoredox α-elimination. Nature 2024; 631:789-795. [PMID: 38843825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to tame high-energy intermediates is important for synthetic chemistry, enabling the construction of complex molecules and propelling advances in the field of synthesis. Along these lines, carbenes and carbenoid intermediates are particularly attractive, but often unknown, high-energy intermediates1,2. Classical methods to access metal carbene intermediates exploit two-electron chemistry to form the carbon-metal bond. However, these methods are usually prohibitive because of reagent safety concerns, limiting their broad implementation in synthesis3-6. Mechanistically, an alternative approach to carbene intermediates that could circumvent these pitfalls would involve two single-electron steps: radical addition to metal to forge the initial carbon-metal bond followed by redox-promoted α-elimination to yield the desired metal carbene intermediate. Here we realize this strategy through a metallaphotoredox platform that exploits iron carbene reactivity using readily available chemical feedstocks as radical sources and α-elimination from six classes of previously underexploited leaving groups. These discoveries permit cyclopropanation and σ-bond insertion into N-H, S-H and P-H bonds from abundant and bench-stable carboxylic acids, amino acids and alcohols, thereby providing a general solution to the challenge of carbene-mediated chemical diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Boyle
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marian C Bryan
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
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2
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Liu K, Cheng SJ, Luo G, Ye ZS. Synthesis of 1-Substituted Cyclopropylamines via Formal Tertiary C sp3-H Amination of Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:9309-9314. [PMID: 34779210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel and facile approach to synthesis of 1-substituted cyclopropylamines via phosphine-catalyzed formal tertiary Csp3-H amination of cyclopropanes was described. The indoles, pyrroles, imidazoles, uracils, 2-pyridone, pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, and phthalimide had been proven as good aminating partners. The present protocol features transition-metal-free, excellent regioselectivity, high-atom-economy, and mild reaction conditions and a broad range of substrates. The practicability of this protocol can also be demonstrated with late-stage modification of bioactive molecules, scaled up reaction, and divergent derivatization. Notably, the method has been used in the formal synthesis of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) inhibitor. The mechanistic aspects were elucidated by both experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie Cheng
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shi Ye
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hosseini SJ, Emamian S, Hassani H, Hamzehzadeh ND. Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of
Arylmethylidenemalononitriles by 2,6-Dimethylquinoline: A Molecular Electron Density
Theory Study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Amiri A, Emamian S, Hosseini SJ, Ali‐Asgari S. Stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins through ammonium ylides: A molecular electron density theory study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Amiri
- Chemistry DepartmentIslamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Shahrood Iran
| | - Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry DepartmentIslamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Shahrood Iran
| | | | - Safa Ali‐Asgari
- Chemistry DepartmentIslamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Shahrood Iran
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5
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Abstract
Cyclopropanes, one of the most important strained rings, have gained much attention for more than a century because of their interesting and unique reactivity. They not only exist in many natural products, but have also been widely used in the fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials science as versatile building blocks. Based on the sustainable development in this area, this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of cyclopropanes classified by the type of catalytic system, including regio-, diastereo-, and enantio-selective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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6
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Ernouf G, Brayer JL, Folléas B, Demoute JP, Meyer C, Cossy J. [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Cyclopropenylcarbinyl Cyanates: Access to Alkylidene(aminocyclopropane) Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 24:15104-15111. [PMID: 30021051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropenylcarbinyl cyanates, generated in situ by dehydration of the corresponding carbamates, underwent an efficient and stereoselective [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement leading to the corresponding alkylidene(isocyanatocyclopropanes), which could be converted into various alkylidene(aminocyclopropane) derivatives in a one-pot manner. This transformation complements the repertoire of sigmatropic rearrangements involving cyclopropenylcarbinol derivatives and in particular, the previously reported Overman rearrangement of cyclopropenylcarbinyl trichloroacetimidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ernouf
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Biology, and Innovation (CBI) ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR 8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Benoît Folléas
- Diverchim, 6 rue du Noyer, ZAC du Moulin, 95734, Roissy CDG, France
| | | | - Christophe Meyer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Biology, and Innovation (CBI) ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR 8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Biology, and Innovation (CBI) ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR 8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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7
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Abstract
Cyclopropanes have gained much attention by virtue of their interesting structure and unique reactivity. This review discusses the recent advances in the synthesis of cyclopropanes, and some of the related applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
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8
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Cyr P, Côté-Raiche A, Bronner SM. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Tertiary Aminocyclopropanes. Org Lett 2016; 18:6448-6451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cyr
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexandre Côté-Raiche
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sarah M. Bronner
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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9
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Kamimura A, Moriyama T, Ito Y, Kawamoto T, Uno H. Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclic Nitrocyclopropanes from Primary Nitro Compounds and Stereoselective Formation of Tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furans via Ring Expansion/Cyclization Reaction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4664-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kamimura
- Department
of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takaaki Moriyama
- Department
of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Department
of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamoto
- Department
of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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10
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González MJ, González J, López LA, Vicente R. Zinc-Catalyzed Alkene Cyclopropanation through Zinc Vinyl Carbenoids Generated from Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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González MJ, González J, López LA, Vicente R. Zinc-Catalyzed Alkene Cyclopropanation through Zinc Vinyl Carbenoids Generated from Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12139-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Foster RW, Benhamou L, Porter MJ, Bučar DK, Hailes HC, Tame CJ, Sheppard TD. Irreversible endo-selective diels-alder reactions of substituted alkoxyfurans: a general synthesis of endo-cantharimides. Chemistry 2015; 21:6107-14. [PMID: 25756502 PMCID: PMC4406157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The [4+2] cycloaddition of 3-alkoxyfurans with N-substituted maleimides provides the first general route for preparing endo-cantharimides. Unlike the corresponding reaction with 3H furans, the reaction can tolerate a broad range of 2-substitued furans including alkyl, aromatic, and heteroaromatic groups. The cycloaddition products were converted into a range of cantharimide products with promising lead-like properties for medicinal chemistry programs. Furthermore, the electron-rich furans are shown to react with a variety of alternative dienophiles to generate 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives under mild conditions. DFT calculations have been performed to rationalize the activation effect of the 3-alkoxy group on a furan Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Foster
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
| | - Laure Benhamou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
| | - Michael J Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
| | - Christopher J Tame
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY (UK)
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
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13
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Dhankher P, Benhamou L, Sheppard TD. Rapid assembly of functionalised spirocyclic indolines by palladium-catalysed dearomatising diallylation of indoles with allyl acetate. Chemistry 2014; 20:13375-81. [PMID: 25171550 PMCID: PMC4304291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the application of allyl acetate to the palladium-catalysed dearomatising diallylation of indoles. The reaction can be carried out by using a readily available palladium catalyst at room temperature, and can be applied to a wide range of substituted indoles to provide access to the corresponding 3,3-diallylindolinines. These compounds are versatile synthetic intermediates that readily undergo Ugi reactions or proline-catalysed asymmetric Mannich reactions. Alternatively, acylation of the 3,3-diallylindolinines with an acid chloride or a chloroformate, followed by treatment with aluminium chloride, enables 2,3-diallylindoles to be prepared. By using ring-closing metathesis, functionalised spirocyclic indoline scaffolds can be accessed from the Ugi products, and a dihydrocarbazole can be prepared from the corresponding 2,3-diallylindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Persis Dhankher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
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14
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Marques MV, Sá MM. Lithium Chloride-Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanecarboxamides from γ,δ-Epoxy Malonates through a Domino Cyclopropanation/Lactonization/Aminolysis Process. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4650-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500712t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo V. Marques
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa
Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus M. Sá
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa
Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
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15
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Sakae R, Matsuda N, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (Borylmethyl)cyclopropylamines by Copper-Catalyzed Aminoboration of Methylenecyclopropanes. Org Lett 2014; 16:1228-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakae
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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