1
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Jiao R, Liu N, Zong Z, Ke XS. A Triply Linked Copper(III) Dicarbacorrole Dimer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401240. [PMID: 38632105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A triply linked dicarbacorrole dimer (7) was synthesized from a new meso-meso singly linked dicarbacorrole dimer precursor (6) via an oxidative fusion reaction by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). Single crystal X-ray structure of 7 adopts a flat conformation with a length as ca. 15.946 Å and a width as 6.903 Å, which can be regarded as a short carbaporphyrinoid tape. Two coordinated Cu ions keeps the +3 oxidation state in 7, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This is in sharp contrast to the Osuka's triply linked tetrapyrrolic corrole dimers, where the inner 3NH form is not stable and thus can only act as a divalent ligand. Due to the non-aromatic nature of dicarbacorrole macrocycle, the largely decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and red-shifted absorption of 7 are best ascribed to the strong electronic interaction between two dipyrromethene-type chromophores. To our knowledge, this is the first fully fused carbaporphyrinoid dimer with β-β, meso-meso, β-β triply linkages prepared to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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2
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Reis MJA, Nogueira AT, Eulálio A, Moura NMM, Rodrigues J, Ivanou D, Abreu PE, Correia MRP, Neves MGPMS, Pereira AMVM, Mendes A. C-N linked donor type porphyrin derivatives: unrevealed hole-transporting materials for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14762-14773. [PMID: 37548588 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A new series of Zn(II) and Cu(II)-based porphyrin complexes 5a and 5b doubly functionalised with carbazole units were developed to be used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These complexes were obtained via a nucleophilic substitution reaction mediated by PhI(OAc)2/NaAuCl4·2H2O, or using C-N transition metal-assisted coupling. The hole extraction capability of 5a and 5b was assessed using cyclic voltammetry; this study confirmed the better alignment of the Zn(II) complex 5a with the perovskite valence band level, compared to the Cu(II) complex 5b. The optimised geometry and molecular orbitals of both complexes also corroborate the higher potential of 5a as a HTM. Photoluminescence characterisation showed that the presence of 5a and 5b as HTMs on the perovskite surface resulted in the quenching of the emission, matching the hole transfer phenomenon. The photovoltaic performance was evaluated and compared with those of reference cells made with the standard HTM spiro-OMeTAD. The optimised 5-based devices showed improvements in all photovoltaic characteristics; their open circuit voltage (Voc) reached close to 1 V and short-circuit current density (Jsc) values were 13.79 and 9.14 mA cm-2 for 5a and 5b, respectively, disclosing the effect of the metallic centre. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.01% was attained for 5a, which is 65% of the PCE generated by using the spiro-OMeTAD reference. This study demonstrates that C-N linked donor-type porphyrin derivatives are promising novel HTMs for developing efficient and reproducible PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani J A Reis
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana T Nogueira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulálio
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dzmitry Ivanou
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo E Abreu
- University of Coimbra, Centro de Química de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana M V M Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Carvalho MA, Merahi K, Haumesser J, Pereira AMVM, Parizel N, Weiss J, Orio M, Maurel V, Ruhlmann L, Choua S, Ruppert R. Syntheses and Electrochemical and EPR Studies of Porphyrins Functionalized with Bulky Aromatic Amine Donors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114405. [PMID: 37298881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of nickel(II) porphyrins bearing one or two bulky nitrogen donors at the meso positions were prepared by using Ullmann methodology or more classical Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions to create the new C-N bonds. For several new compounds, single crystals were obtained, and the X-ray structures were solved. The electrochemical data of these compounds are reported. For a few representative examples, spectroelectrochemical measurements were used to clarify the electron exchange process. In addition, a detailed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study was performed to estimate the extent of delocalization of the generated radical cations. In particular, electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy (ENDOR) was used to determine the coupling constants. DFT calculations were conducted to corroborate the EPR spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ambre Carvalho
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Khalissa Merahi
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Haumesser
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nathalie Parizel
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Campus of St Jérôme, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Maurel
- SyMMES, UMR 5819 CEA Grenoble/CNRS/Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Ruppert
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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4
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Wang J, Yu C, Hao E, Jiao L. Conformationally restricted and ring-fused aza-BODIPYs as promising near infrared absorbing and emitting dyes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Ishizuka T, Kojima T. Recent Development of π-Expanded Porphyrin Derivatives by Peripheral Ring Fusion. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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6
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Li C, Wang Y, Wu S, Zhuang W, Huang Z, Zhou L, Li Y, Chen M, You J. Direct [4 + 2] Cycloaddition to Isoquinoline-Fused Porphyrins for Near-Infrared Photodynamic Anticancer Agents. Org Lett 2022; 24:175-180. [PMID: 34889619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of efficient porphyrin-based photosensitizers with intense near-infrared (NIR) absorption is in high demand for photodynamic therapy (PDT) but remains a challenging task. Herein we show the construction of a type of isoquinoline-fused porphyrins 3 and 4 with an impressive NIR-absorbing capacity. In light of the extraordinary singlet oxygen generation capabilities of 3 upon NIR irradiation, the representative nanoparticles (3a-NPs) assembled show excellent tumoricidal behavior with good biocompatibility in the phototherapeutic window (650-850 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yinchan Wang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhuang
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Linsen Zhou
- Institute of Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, P. R. China
| | - Yinggang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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7
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Miyagawa K, Hisaki I, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Redox-induced reversible [2 + 2] cycloaddition of an etheno-fused diporphyrin. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5224-5229. [PMID: 34168775 PMCID: PMC8179634 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00438g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
3,5-Ethenoporphyrin is a π-extended porphyrin containing a fused ethene unit between the meso- and β-positions, exhibiting unique contribution of macrocyclic antiaromaticity. We have recently reported that its analogue, etheno-fused diporphyrin, underwent thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition to furnish X-shaped cyclobutane-linked tetraporphyrins. Here we demonstrate that the cyclobutane-ring formation is dynamically redox-active. Namely, the tetraporphyrin underwent two-step four-electron oxidation to afford two etheno-fused diporphyrin dications. The reduction of the resulting dication regenerated the cyclobutane-linked tetraporphyrin. The dication was sufficiently stable to allow its isolation under ambient conditions. The structure of the dication has been confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Importantly, the simultaneous double C-C bond cleavage in the cyclopropane ring in the tetraporphyrin is exceptional among dynamic redox (dyrex) systems to achieve large structural changes, thus offering new insights for the design of novel redox-active functional organic materials for electrochromic dyes, organic batteries, and organic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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8
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Urbańska K, Farinone M, Pawlicki M. Changes in porphyrin’s conjugation based on synthetic and post-synthetic modifications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Porphyrins or more broadly defined porphyrinoids are the structures where the extended π-cloud can be significantly modified by several factors. The broad range of introduced structural motifs has shown a possibility of modification of conjugation by a controlled synthetic approach, leading to expected optical or magnetic behaviour, and also by post-synthetic modifications (i.e. redox or protonation/deprotonation), Both approaches lead to noticeab changes in observed properties but also open a potential for further utilization. Thus, this already constituted big family of macrocyclic structures with specific highly extended π-delocalization shows a significant contribution in several fields from fundamental studies, leading to understanding behaviour of skeletons like that with a substantial influence on biological studies and material science. The presented material focuses on the most significant examples of modifications of porphyrinoids skeleton leading to drastic changes in optical response and magnetic properties. Through the presentation, the focus will be placed on the changes leading to the most red-shifted transition as the parameter indicating extending the π-delocalization. Significantly different magnetic character will be also discussed based on the switching between aromatic/antiaromatic character assigned to macrocyclic structures that will be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urbańska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marco Farinone
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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9
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Martin MM, Oleszak C, Hampel F, Jux N. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation Reactions with Tetraarylporphyrins. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry II Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuernberg Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph Oleszak
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry II Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuernberg Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry II Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuernberg Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry II Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuernberg Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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10
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Lungerich D, Hitzenberger JF, Ruppel M, Döpper T, Witt M, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Görling A, Jux N, Drewello T. Gas-Phase Transformation of Fluorinated Benzoporphyrins to Porphyrin-Embedded Conical Nanocarbons. Chemistry 2020; 26:12180-12187. [PMID: 32578918 PMCID: PMC7540561 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Geodesic nitrogen-containing graphene fragments are interesting candidates for various material applications, but the available synthetic protocols, which need to overcome intrinsic strain energy during the formation of the bowl-shaped skeletons, are often incompatible with heteroatom-embedded structures. Through this mass spectrometry-based gas-phase study, we show by means of collision-induced dissociation experiments and supported by density functional theory calculations, the first evidence for the formation of a porphyrin-embedded conical nanocarbon. The influences of metalation and functionalization of the used tetrabenzoporphyrins have been investigated, which revealed different cyclization efficiencies, different ionization possibilities, and a variation of the dissociation pathway. Our results suggest a stepwise process for HF elimination from the fjord region, which supports a selective pathway towards bent nitrogen-containing graphene fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakob Felix Hitzenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Liu SY, Fukuoka T, Fukui N, Shin JY, Shinokubo H. Reactions of Antiaromatic Norcorrole Ni(II) Complex with Carbenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4400-4403. [PMID: 32392417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Norcorrole is a ring-contracted porphyrinoid, exhibiting distinct antiaromaticity. Herein, we report the reactions of meso-dimesitylnorcorrole Ni(II) complex with two types of carbenes: dichlorocarbene and an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The reaction with in-situ-generated dichlorocarbene resulted in the double insertion of two chloromethine units to provide a mixture of 5,15-dichloroporphyrin and chlorinated isopyricorroles. The nucleophilic NHC attacked the 3-position of the norcorrole core and the subsequent proton transfer furnished a nonconjugated macrocycle incorporating a diazafulvene segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takaki Fukuoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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13
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Lewtak JP, Koszarna B, Charyton MK, Gryko DT. Extending a porphyrin chromophore via fusion with naphthalene. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of meso-substituted porphyrins bearing electron-rich aromatics was the focus of investigation. The formation of C–C bond at [Formula: see text]-position for macrocycles bearing dimethoxynaphthalene moiety was achieved. It was established that Fe(ClO[Formula: see text]O induced only single cyclodehydrogenation whereas Fe(OTf)[Formula: see text] had the ability to remove four hydrogens and four electrons forming doubly-fused porphyrin. Both Fe(ClO[Formula: see text]O and Fe(OTf)[Formula: see text] were confirmed superior to FeCl[Formula: see text] as they ensured efficient oxidation process without concomitant chlorination of the products. We have proven that the trans-A[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text]-porphyrin with two indole moieties do not form any stable products under such reaction conditions. The single fusion with dimethoxynaphthalene moiety has a comparable effect on absorption spectra [Formula: see text]. the Q-band of Ni-complexes is shifted to 650 nm. The Ni-porphyrin fused with two naphthalene units had bathochromically shifted Q-bands to 733 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Lewtak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Central University of Technology, Free State, Dept. of Life Sciences, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek K. Charyton
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Abstract
Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs), substituted by two different chromophores in an ortho arrangement, were synthesized for the first time and investigated towards their photophysical properties. Rylene-diimide dyes, in particular naphthalene-diimides (NDIs) and perylene-diimides (PDIs), were attached to the HBC as the first, and porphyrins as the second chromophore. Therefore, porphyrin-NDI-HPB as well as porphyrin-PDI-HPB precursors were accessed and converted into the respective HBC derivatives applying oxidative Scholl conditions. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy showed interesting photophysical behavior such as energy transfer processes. Particularly, the porphyrin-PDI-HBC displays pronounced absorption features between 330–650 nm, which cover a wide range of the visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Dusold
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Bousfiha A, Dimé AKD, Mankou-Makaya A, Echaubard J, Berthelot M, Cattey H, Romieu A, Roger J, Devillers CH. Regioselective C-H amination of free base porphyrins via electrogenerated pyridinium-porphyrins and stabilization of easily oxidized amino-porphyrins by protonation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:884-887. [PMID: 31850408 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07351e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four free base aminoporphyrins were synthesized in two steps via regioselective anodic nucleophilic substitution with pyridine followed by ring opening of the electrogenerated pyridinium with piperidine. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the unstable 2-aminotetraphenylporphyrin was solved. Protonation of this latter compound leads to the stable diiminium porphyrin salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Bousfiha
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France.
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16
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Farinone M, Cybińska J, Pawlicki M. BODIPY-amino acid conjugates – tuning the optical response with a meso-heteroatom. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a heteroatom at the meso-position of BODIPY significantly influences the π-cloud of the main chromophore, modifying the final optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Farinone
- Wydział Chemii
- Uniwersytet Wrocławski
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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17
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Hampel F, Langer J, Ronson TK, Jux N. Multiple-Porphyrin Functionalized Hexabenzocoronenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:15083-15090. [PMID: 31429504 PMCID: PMC6899994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin-hexabenzocoronene architectures serve as good model compounds to study light-harvesting systems. Herein, the synthesis of porphyrin functionalized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs), in which one or more porphyrins are covalently linked to a central HBC core, is presented. A series of hexaphenylbenzenes (HPBs) was prepared and reacted under oxidative coupling conditions. The transformation to the respective HBC derivatives worked well with mono- and tri-porphyrin-substituted HPBs. However, if more porphyrins are attached to the HPB core, Scholl oxidations are hampered or completely suppressed. Hence, a change of the synthetic strategy was necessary to first preform the HBC core, followed by the introduction of the porphyrins. All products were fully characterized, including, if possible, single-crystal XRD. UV/Vis absorption spectra of porphyrin-HBCs showed, depending on the number of porphyrins as well as with respect to the substitution pattern, variations in their spectral features with strong distortions of the porphyrins' B-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
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18
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Li C, Zhu L, Liang W, Su R, Yin J, Hu Y, Lan Y, Wu D, You J. An unusual [4 + 2] fusion strategy to forge meso-N/ O-heteroarene-fused (quinoidal) porphyrins with intense near-infrared Q-bands. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7274-7280. [PMID: 31588297 PMCID: PMC6686728 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of meso-N/O-heteroarene-fused (quinoidal) porphyrins was established via rhodium-catalyzed β-C–H activation/annulation of quinoidal porphyrins with alkynes.
Here we present a divergent synthesis of brand-new types of meso-N/O-heteroarene-fused (quinoidal) porphyrins through Rh-catalyzed β-C–H activation/annulation of 5,15-dioxoporphyrins and dioxime derivatives with alkynes, in which the synthetic disconnections are difficult to access through the commonly used intramolecular cyclization strategy. Using the O-methyl oxime as a traceless oxidizing directing group, the meso-N-embedded pyridine-fused anti-quinoidal porphyrin 3 and pyridinium-fused cation 4 are formed with controllable chemoselectivity and complete anti-selectivity. Replacing the exocyclic oxime with a carbonyl group delivers the pyran-fused porphyrin 5, achieving structural conversion from a quinoidal conformation to a stable porphyrin macrocycle. Further oxidation of the expanded dimer 5ea gives the oxonium 6, which exhibits intense near-infrared (NIR) Q-bands up to 1300 nm. Theoretical studies demonstrate that the incorporation of a heteroatom at the meso-position enables more effective π-extension, resulting in a 22π aromatic (vs. 18π aromatic) character of pyran-fused porphyrins (syn/anti-5aa). Compared with the commercially available methylene blue (MB), syn-5al exhibits a better ability (ΦΔ = 0.61) to sensitize singlet oxygen (1O2) when irradiated with a 680 nm laser beam, and has potential as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer in the body's therapeutic window (650–900 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Rongchuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
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19
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Kato K, Osuka A. meta
‐ and
para
‐Phenylenediamine‐Fused Porphyrin Dimers: Synthesis and Magnetic Interactions of Their Dication Diradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8546-8550. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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20
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Kato K, Osuka A. meta
‐ and
para
‐Phenylenediamine‐Fused Porphyrin Dimers: Synthesis and Magnetic Interactions of Their Dication Diradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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21
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Hirai M, Tanaka N, Sakai M, Yamaguchi S. Structurally Constrained Boron-, Nitrogen-, Silicon-, and Phosphorus-Centered Polycyclic π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8291-8331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hirai
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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22
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Ueta K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Synthesis of Meso-Diarylaminocorroles via S NAr Reactions. Molecules 2019; 24:E642. [PMID: 30759763 PMCID: PMC6384549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A corrole is a tetrapyrrolic macrocycle known as a ring-contracted porphyrinoid. Despite the progress of the synthetic chemistry of meso-aryl-substituted corroles since the early 2000s, meso-heteroatom-substituted corroles have been scarcely reported. Herein we report that the SNAr-type substitution reaction of a meso-chlorocorrole silver complex with diphenylamine or carbazole in the presence of NaH as a base produced meso-aminocorroles. The structures, ultraviolet⁻visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), and emission spectra of these meso-aminocorroles were discussed. Furthermore, the oxidation reaction of a meso-diphenylaminocorrole was examined, which resulted in the formation of 10,10-diethoxyisocorrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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23
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Fujita H, Jing H, Krayer M, Allu S, Veeraraghavaiah G, Wu Z, Jiang J, Diers JR, Magdaong NCM, Mandal AK, Roy A, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Annulated bacteriochlorins for near-infrared photophysical studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorins with phenaleno or benzo annulation absorb at 913 or 1033 nm and exhibit excited-state lifetimes of 150 or 7 ps, suggesting applications in photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Fujita
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Haoyu Jing
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | - Amit K. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Energy
- Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | | | | | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
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24
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Farinone M, Cybińska J, Pawlicki M. A controlled blue-shift in meso-nitrogen aryl fused DIPY and BODIPY skeletons. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An aryl-amine attached to the meso-position of the BODIPY skeleton quenches the fluorescence. The observed edge fusion creates a new heterocyclic subunit simultaneously increasing the efficiency of emission. The quantitative deprotonation of meso NH functionality leads to absorbance blue shift and increased emission quantum yield showing potential for formation of BODIPY based changeable chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Farinone
- Wydział Chemii
- Uniwersytet Wrocławski
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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25
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Shukla J, Ajayakumar MR, Mukhopadhyay P. Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling at the Naphthalenediimide Core: Access to Dendritic, Panchromatic NIR Absorbers with Exceptionally Low Band Gap. Org Lett 2018; 20:7864-7868. [PMID: 30499673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first successful Buchwald-Hartwig reaction at the naphthalenediimide core is reported, leading to the coupling of diverse secondary aromatic amines including dendritic donors. The G1-dendrimer-based donor exhibit blackish color, providing access to black absorbing systems. λonset values up to 1070 nm was achieved, which is the maximum from a single NDI scaffold. These dyes also manifest multielectron reservoir properties. A total of eight-redox states with a band gap of ∼0.95 eV was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
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26
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Wei H, Feng R, Fang Y, Wang L, Chen C, Zhang L, Cui H, Wang X. The Diradical-Dication Strategy for BODIPY- and Porphyrin-Based Dyes with Near-Infrared Absorption Maxima from 1070 to 2040 nm. Chemistry 2018; 24:19341-19347. [PMID: 30285312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four stable boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)- and porphyrin-based bis-arylamine diradical dications were synthesized by two-electron oxidation of their neutral molecules. The two BODIPY-based dications have open-shell singlet ground states. UV/Vis absorption spectra of all four dications showed large redshifts in the NIR region compared to their neutral precursors with absorption maxima at 1274 and 1068 nm for the two BODIPY-based dications and 1746 and 2037 nm for the two porphyrin-based dications. Thus, two new types of NIR dyes with longer wavelengths are provided by the diradical-dication strategy, which can be applied for the generation of other NIR dyes with a range of different chromophores and auxochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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27
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Fujimoto K, Shimizu D, Osuka A. Porphyrin‐Stabilized Nitrenium Dication. Chemistry 2018; 25:521-525. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
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29
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Chaudhri N, Grover N, Sankar M. Nickel-Induced Skeletal Rearrangement of Free Base trans-Chlorins into Monofused Ni II-Porphyrins: Synthesis, Structural, Spectral, and Electrochemical Redox Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11349-11360. [PMID: 30179467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several ruffled β-to- ortho-phenyl monofused metalloporphyrins (MIIMFPs) with 1,3-indanedione functionality have been synthesized by oxidative fusion of free base trans-chlorins via nickel insertion followed by the skeletal rearrangement of macrocycle. The synthesized monofused porphyrins exhibited red-shifted electronic spectral features as compared to precursor, trans-chlorins or structurally related unfused porphyrins (mono/tri-β-substituted porphyrins) due to extended π-conjugation and nonplanar conformation of the macrocyclic core. Four of the synthesized porphyrins were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Ring fusion resulted in twisted macrocyclic conformation, and the twist angles (the angle between 24-atom core and fused part) were found to be in the range of 20.97° to 27.97°. NiMFP(IND)Ph2 (3b) exhibited modestly ruffled conformation of the macrocyclic core which was further confirmed by higher Δ24 (0.362 Å) and ΔCβ (0.279 Å) values. Free base monofused porphyrins have shown upfield shifted (Δδ = 0.27-0.29 ppm) inner core NHs as compared to precursors ( trans-chlorins), whereas much downfield shifted (Δδ = 0.9 ppm) as compared to H2TPP. Electron-rich Ni(II) complexes, that is, NiMFP(IND)R2 (where R = H and Ph) (1b and 3b), exhibited metal centered oxidation (NiII/NiIII) due to extended π-conjugation of macrocyclic core and electron-donating β-substituents. Facile synthesis with good yields (60-90%), unexpected nickel-induced oxidative fusion, and selective conversion of trans-chlorins into monofused NiII-porphyrins are the significant features of the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
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30
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Fukui N, Osuka A. Singly and Doubly Sulfone-Inserted Porphyrin Arch-Tape Dimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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31
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Kise K, Hong Y, Fukui N, Shimizu D, Kim D, Osuka A. Diarylamine-Fused Subporphyrins: Proof of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Mechanism. Chemistry 2018; 24:8306-8310. [PMID: 29667245 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diarylamine-fused subporphyrins 1 a and 1 b were synthesized from β,β-diiodo-meso-chloro subporphyrin 2 through a one-pot procedure involving nucleophilic aromatic substitution and SRN 1-type intramolecular fusion reaction as the first example of meso-nitrogen-embedded subporphyrin. While non-fused counterparts 3 b and 4 b display effective fluorescence quenching due to twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) in CH2 Cl2 at room temperature, 1 b emits fluorescence with ΦF =0.18 under the same conditions, because conformational twisting is not allowed due to the fused structure. In addition, the oxidative titration with tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate gave cation radical 7 for 1 a and cation radical and dication for 1 b. Actually, cation radical 7 was isolated through separation over silica gel column but was found to slowly decompose in concentrated solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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32
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Sheng W, Wu Y, Yu C, Bobadova-Parvanova P, Hao E, Jiao L. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and the Deep Near-Infrared Absorption/Emission of Bright AzaBODIPY-Based Organic Fluorophores. Org Lett 2018; 20:2620-2623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanle Sheng
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yayang Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Petia Bobadova-Parvanova
- Department of Chemistry, Rockhurst University, 1100 Rockhurst Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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33
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Khandagale SB, Pilania M, Arun V, Kumar D. Metal-catalyzed direct heteroarylation of C-H (meso) bonds in porphyrins: facile synthesis and photophysical properties of novel meso-heteroaromatic appended porphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2097-2104. [PMID: 29511768 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of heteroaromatic appended porphyrins using the Pd/Cu-catalyzed C-C coupling of meso-bromoporphyrins with various five- and six-membered heteroaromatic azoles has been successfully developed. The prepared heteroaromatic porphyrins 7a-lNi were found to exhibit slightly red-shifted (∼5-10 nm) Soret and Q bands. The developed reaction conditions are useful for the preparation of diversely substituted heteroaromatic porphyrins (A3B- and A2B2-types).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh B Khandagale
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Meenakshi Pilania
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - V Arun
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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34
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Fukui N, Fujimoto K, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Embedding heteroatoms: an effective approach to create porphyrin-based functional materials. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:13322-13341. [PMID: 28875206 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of planarized heteroatom(s) onto the porphyrin periphery is an effective approach to create porphyrin-based functional materials. In the last three decades, such an "embedding heteroatom" strategy has been actively explored in order to realize attractive electronic, optical, and electrochemical properties. This review aims to cover a variety of synthetic methodologies that have been developed for the construction of heteroatom-embedded porphyrins. Moreover, we also summarize their structure-property relationships as well as possible applications in various research fields including artificial photosynthesis, molecular engineering, organic electronics, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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35
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Shimizu D, Osuka A. Porphyrinoids as a platform of stable radicals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1408-1423. [PMID: 29675188 PMCID: PMC5892410 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-innocent ligand nature of porphyrins was observed for compound I in enzymatic cycles of cytochrome P450. Such porphyrin radicals were first regarded as reactive intermediates in catabolism, but recent studies have revealed that porphyrinoids, including porphyrins, ring-contracted porphyrins, and ring-expanded porphyrins, display excellent radical-stabilizing abilities to the extent that radicals can be handled like usual closed-shell organic molecules. This review surveys four types of stable porphyrinoid radical and covers their synthetic methods and properties such as excellent redox properties, NIR absorption, and magnetic properties. The radical-stabilizing abilities of porphyrinoids stem from their unique macrocyclic conjugated systems with high electronic and structural flexibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
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36
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Kojima T. Substituent Effects at the β-Positions of the Nonfused Pyrroles in a Quadruply Fused Porphyrin on the Structure and Optical and Electrochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1106-1115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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37
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. NH Tautomerism of a Quadruply Fused Porphyrin: Rigid Fused Structure Delays the Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:316-327. [PMID: 29224345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein NH tautomerism of a freebase derivative of a quadruply fused porphyrin (H2QFP-Mes, 3), which has one mesityl group at one of the β-positions of the nonfused pyrroles to lower the structural symmetry, allowing us to observe the NH tautomerism with 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compound 3 was revealed to have the two inner NH protons on the two nonfused pyrroles, and the NH tautomerism of 3 was evidenced by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments in various deuterated solvents. The VT-NMR studies revealed that the activation barrier for the NH tautomerism of 3 was larger than that of tetraphenylporphyrin. The positive activation entropy (ΔS‡ = 89 J mol-1 K-1), determined for the NH tautomerism, can be explained by dissociation of the π-π stacked dimer structure of 3 in the ground state, as evidenced by the crystal structure and NMR measurements. On the basis of the kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations, the stability of intermediates in the NH tautomerism of 3 and the transition states have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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38
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Cui J, Sheng W, Wu Q, Yu C, Hao E, Bobadova-Parvanova P, Storer M, Asiri AM, Marwani HM, Jiao L. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Near-Infrared [b]Phenanthrene-Fused BF 2 Azadipyrromethenes. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2486-2493. [PMID: 28730703 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new class of phenanthrene-fused BF2 azadipyrromethene (azaBODIPY) dyes have been synthesized through a tandem Suzuki reaction and oxidative ring-fusion reaction, or a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H activation reaction. These phenanthrene-fused azaBODIPY dyes are highly photostable and display markedly redshifted absorption (up to λ=771 nm) and emission bands (λ≈800 nm) in the near-infrared region. DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that, upon annulation, more pronounced stabilization of the LUMO is the origin of the bathochromic shift of the absorption and high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuen Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Wanle Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P.R. China
| | | | - Marie Storer
- Department of Chemistry, Rockhurst University, 1100 Rockhurst Rd, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P.R. China
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39
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Fujimoto K, Kasuga Y, Fukui N, Osuka A. Diphenylphosphine-Oxide-Fused and Diphenylphosphine-Fused Porphyrins: Synthesis, Tunable Electronic Properties, and Formation of Cofacial Dimers. Chemistry 2017; 23:6741-6745. [PMID: 28397373 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylphosphine-oxide-fused NiII porphyrin 8 was synthesized from 3,5,7-trichloroporphyrin 5 via a reaction sequence of nucleophilic aromatic substitution with lithium diphenylphosphide, oxidation with H2 O2 , and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. Reduction of 8 with HSiCl3 gave diphenylphosphine-fused NiII porphyrin 9. The embedded P=O and P moieties serve as a strong electron-accepting and electron-donating group to perturb the optical and electrochemical properties of the NiII porphyrin. NiII porphyrin 9 is diamagnetic with a low-spin NiII center in solution but becomes paramagnetic with a five-coordinated NiII center with high-spin (S=1) state in the solid state. Diphenylphosphine-oxide-fused ZnII porphyrin 10 was also synthesized and shown to form a face-to-face dimer with mutual O-Zn bonds in the crystal and in nonpolar and moderately polar solvents. The dimerization of 10 in CDCl3 has been revealed to be an entropy-driven process with a large entropy gain (ΔSD =207 J K-1 mol-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko Kasuga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Yamamoto Y, Nogi K, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Base-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrodechlorination of Aryl Chlorides with Pinacol Borane. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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41
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Haines BE, Kawakami T, Kuwata K, Murakami K, Itami K, Musaev DG. Cu-Catalyzed aromatic C-H imidation with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide: mechanistic details and predictive models. Chem Sci 2017; 8:988-1001. [PMID: 28451236 PMCID: PMC5354063 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The LCuBr-catalyzed C-H imidation of arenes by N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), previously reported by us, utilizes an inexpensive catalyst and is applicable to a broad scope of complex arenes. The computational and experimental study reported here shows that the mechanism of the reaction is comprised of two parts: (1) generation of the active dinuclear CuII-CuII catalyst; and (2) the catalytic cycle for the C-H bond imidation of arenes. Computations show that the LCuIBr complex used in experiments is not an active catalyst. Instead, upon reacting with NFSI it converts to an active dinuclear CuII-CuII catalyst that is detected using HRMS techniques. The catalytic cycle starting from the CuII-CuII dinuclear complex proceeds via (a) one-electron oxidation of the active catalyst by NFSI to generate an imidyl radical and dinuclear CuII-CuIII intermediate, (b) turnover-limiting single-electron-transfer (SET1) from the arene to the imidyl radical, (c) fast C-N bond formation with an imidyl anion and an aryl radical cation, (d) reduction of the CuII-CuIII dinuclear intermediate by the aryl radical to regenerate the active catalyst and produce an aryl-cation intermediate, and (e) deprotonation and rearomatization of the arene ring to form the imidated product. The calculated KIE for the turnover-limiting SET1 step reproduces its experimentally observed value. A simple predictive tool was developed and experimentally validated to determine the regiochemical outcome for a given substrate. We demonstrated that the pre-reaction LCuX complexes, where X = Cl, Br and I, show a similar reactivity pattern as these complexes convert to the same catalytically active dinuclear CuII-CuII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Haines
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation , Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | - Takahiro Kawakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan .
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation , Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
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42
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Acid–Base Properties of a Freebase Form of a Quadruply Ring-Fused Porphyrin—Stepwise Protonation Induced by Rigid Ring-Fused Structure. J Org Chem 2016; 82:322-330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku,
Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku,
Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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43
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Hurej K, Stawski W, Latos-Grażyński L, Pawlicki M. meso-N-Pyrrole as a Versatile Substituent Influencing the Optical Properties of Porphyrin. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3329-3333. [PMID: 27727507 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A meso-N-pyrrole porphyrin converts into a π-extended porphyrin forming an indolizine-3-one motif. The indolizine-3-one frame opens a lactam subunit preserving a six-membered, heterocyclic structure fused with the main macrocycle. The optical properties of formed derivatives follow the structural modifications giving the absorbance and emission eventually modulated by the NH-centered modifications of the fused unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hurej
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Stawski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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44
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Fukui N, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. meso-meso-Linked Diarylamine-Fused Porphyrin Dimers. Chemistry 2016; 22:18476-18483. [PMID: 27859737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A meso-meso-linked diphenylamine-fused porphyrin dimer and its methoxy-substituted analogue were synthesized from a meso-meso-linked porphyrin dimer by a reaction sequence involving Ir-catalyzed β-selective borylation, iodination, meso-chlorination, and SN Ar reactions with diarylamines followed by electron-transfer-mediated intramolecular double C-H/C-I coupling. While these dimers commonly display characteristic split Soret bands and small oxidation potentials, they produced different products upon oxidation with tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate. Namely, the diphenylamine-fused porphyrin dimer was converted into a dicationic closed-shell quinonoidal dimer, while the methoxy-substituted dimer gave a meso-meso, β-β doubly linked porphyrin dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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45
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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46
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Gao K, Fukui N, Jung SII, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Pictet-Spengler Synthesis of Quinoline-Fused Porphyrins and Phenanthroline-Fused Diporphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Seok II Jung
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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47
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Gao K, Fukui N, Jung SII, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Pictet-Spengler Synthesis of Quinoline-Fused Porphyrins and Phenanthroline-Fused Diporphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13038-13042. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Seok II Jung
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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48
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Fukui N, Cha W, Shimizu D, Oh J, Furukawa K, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Highly planar diarylamine-fused porphyrins and their remarkably stable radical cations. Chem Sci 2016; 8:189-199. [PMID: 28451165 PMCID: PMC5308406 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative fusion of a meso-phenoxazino Ni(ii) porphyrin at high temperature gave a doubly phenoxazine-fused porphyrin as a highly planar diarylamine-fused porphyrin. One-electron oxidation of the corresponding β,β-dichlorinated compound gave a remarkably stable radical cation.
Oxidative fusion reactions of meso-phenoxazino Ni(ii) porphyrin were found to be temperature dependent, giving rise to either a doubly phenylene-fused product at room temperature or a singly phenoxazine-fused product at 70 °C. The latter was further oxidized to a doubly phenoxazine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin, which was subsequently converted to the corresponding free base porphyrin and Zn(ii) porphyrin. Compared to previously reported diphenylamine-fused porphyrins that displayed a molecular twist, doubly phenoxazine-fused porphyrins exhibited distinctly different properties owing to their highly planar structures, such as larger fluorescence quantum yields, formation of an offset face-to-face dimer both in solution and the solid state, and the generation of a mixed-valence π-radical cation dimer upon electrochemical oxidation. One-electron oxidation of the phenoxazine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin with Magic Blue gave the corresponding radical cation, which was certainly stable and could be isolated by separation over a silica gel column but slowly chlorinated at the reactive β-positions in the solid state. This finding led to us to examine β,β′-dichlorinated phenoxazine-fused and diphenylamine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrins, which, upon treatment with Magic Blue, provided remarkably stable radical cations to an unprecedented level. It is actually possible to purify these radical cations by silica gel chromatography, and they can be stored for over 6 months without any sign of deterioration. Moreover, they exhibited no degradation even after the CH2Cl2 solution was washed with water. However, subtle structural differences (planar versus partly twisted) led to different crystal packing structures and solid-state magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis , Niigata University , Nishi-ku , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan .
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
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49
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Fukui N, Lee SK, Kato K, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Lee S, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Regioselective phenylene-fusion reactions of Ni(ii)-porphyrins controlled by an electron-withdrawing meso-substituent. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4059-4066. [PMID: 30155049 PMCID: PMC6013929 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04748j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of 10,15,20-triaryl Ni(ii)-porphyrins bearing an electron-withdrawing substituent at the 5-position with DDQ and FeCl3 gave 10,12- and 18,20-doubly phenylene-fused Ni(ii)-porphyrins regioselectively. A doubly phenylene-fused meso-chloro porphyrin thus prepared was reductively coupled to give a meso-meso linked dimer, which was further converted to a quadruply phenylene-fused meso-meso, β-β, β-β triply linked Zn(ii)-diporphyrin via inner-metal exchange followed by oxidation with DDQ and Sc(OTf)3. As compared to the usual meso-meso, β-β, β-β triply linked Zn(ii)-diporphyrin, this π-extended porphyrin dyad exhibits a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap and a larger two-photon absorption cross-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Seung-Kyu Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
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50
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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