1
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Ippoliti FM, Wonilowicz LG, Adamson NJ, Darzi ER, Donaldson JS, Nasrallah DJ, Mehta MM, Kelleghan AV, Houk KN, Garg NK. Total Synthesis of Lissodendoric Acid A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406676. [PMID: 38695853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We describe a full account of our synthetic strategy leading to the first total synthesis of the manzamine alkaloid lissodendoric acid A . These efforts demonstrate that strained cyclic allenes are valuable synthetic building blocks and can be employed efficiently in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Ippoliti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55104, USA
| | - Laura G Wonilowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathan J Adamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Evan R Darzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- ElectraTect, Inc., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Joyann S Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia, 24153, USA
| | - Milauni M Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Small Molecule Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Andrew V Kelleghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Gilead Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Spence KA, Hoffmann M, Garg NK. Total Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidines Using Strained Azacyclic Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:5044-5048. [PMID: 37379230 PMCID: PMC10460089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a concise approach to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, wherein strained azacyclic alkynes are intercepted in Pd-catalyzed annulations. Two types of strained intermediates were evaluated: a functionalized piperidyne and a new strained intermediate, an indolizidyne. We show that each can be employed, ultimately allowing access to three natural products: tylophorine, tylocrebine, and isotylocrebine. These efforts demonstrate the successful merger of strained azacyclic alkyne chemistry with transition-metal catalysis for the construction of complex heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Spence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Marie Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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3
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Selective synthesis of iminodioxaspirononanes and diazaspirononanes using formic acid-activated Mn(III) oxidation of N1,N3-disubstitued malonamides with 1,1-diarylethenes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Tian X, Zhang X, Hou X, Ren W, Li X, Zhao F, Tao H, Wang Y. Formal [4+1] Cyclization of
ortho
‐ or
para
‐Quinone Methides with 3‐Chlorooxindoles: Synthesis of 3,2′‐Tetrahydrofuryl Spirooxindoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Tian
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM) Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM) Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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5
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Anthony S, Wonilowicz LG, McVeigh MS, Garg NK. Leveraging Fleeting Strained Intermediates to Access Complex Scaffolds. JACS AU 2021; 1:897-912. [PMID: 34337603 PMCID: PMC8317162 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arynes, strained cyclic alkynes, and strained cyclic allenes were validated as plausible intermediates in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite initially being considered mere scientific curiosities, these transient and highly reactive species have now become valuable synthetic building blocks. This Perspective highlights recent advances in the field that have allowed access to structural and stereochemical complexity, including recent breakthroughs in asymmetric catalysis.
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6
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Hohlman RM, Sherman DH. Recent advances in hapalindole-type cyanobacterial alkaloids: biosynthesis, synthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1567-1588. [PMID: 34032254 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1984 up to the end of 2020Hapalindoles, fischerindoles, ambiguines and welwitindolinones are all members of a class of indole alkaloid natural products that have been isolated from the Stigonematales order of cyanobacteria. These compounds possess a polycyclic ring system, unique functional groups and various stereo- and regiochemical isomers. Since their initial isolation in 1984, they have been explored as potential therapeutics due to their wide variety of biological activities. Although numerous groups have pursued total syntheses of these densely functionalized structures, hapalindole biosynthesis has only recently been unveiled. Several groups have uncovered a wide range of novel enzymes that catalyze formation and tailoring of the hapalindole-type metabolites. In this article, we provide an overview of these natural products, their biological activities, highlight general synthetic routes, and provide an extensive review on the surprising biosynthetic processes leading to these structurally diverse metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hohlman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David H Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Hohlman RM, Newmister SA, Sanders JN, Khatri Y, Li S, Keramati NR, Lowell AN, Houk KN, Sherman DH. Structural diversification of hapalindole and fischerindole natural products via cascade biocatalysis. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4670-4681. [PMID: 34354850 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hapalindoles and related compounds (ambiguines, fischerindoles, welwitindolinones) are a diverse class of indole alkaloid natural products. They are typically isolated from the Stigonemataceae order of cyanobacteria and possess a broad scope of biological activities. Recently the biosynthetic pathway for assembly of these metabolites has been elucidated. In order to generate the core ring system, L-tryptophan is converted into the cis-indole isonitrile subunit before being prenylated with geranyl pyrophosphate at the C-3 position. A class of cyclases (Stig) catalyzes a three-step process including a Cope rearrangement, 6-exo-trig cyclization and electrophilic aromatic substitution to create a polycyclic core. Formation of the initial alkaloid is followed by diverse late-stage tailoring reactions mediated by additional biosynthetic enzymes to give rise to the wide array of structural variations observed in this compound class. Herein, we demonstrate the versatility and utility of the Fam prenyltransferase and Stig cyclases toward core structural diversification of this family of indole alkaloids. Through synthesis of cis-indole isonitrile subunit derivatives, and aided by protein engineering and computational analysis, we have employed cascade biocatalysis to generate a range of derivatives, and gained insights into the basis for substrate flexibility in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob N. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David H. Sherman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2216, United States
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8
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Chen TY, Chen J, Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo Y, Chang WC. Current Understanding toward Isonitrile Group Biosynthesis and Mechanism. CHINESE J CHEM 2021; 39:463-472. [PMID: 34658601 PMCID: PMC8519408 DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isonitrile group has been identified in many natural products. Due to the broad reactivity of N≡C triple bond, these natural products have valuable pharmaceutical potentials. This review summarizes the current biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding enzymes that are responsible for isonitrile-containing natural product generation. Based on the strategies utilized, two fundamentally distinctive approaches are discussed. In addition, recent progress in elucidating isonitrile group formation mechanisms is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A
| | - Wei-chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
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9
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Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
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10
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Harada S, Kobayashi M, Kono M, Nemoto T. Site-Selective and Chemoselective C–H Functionalization for the Synthesis of Spiroaminals via a Silver-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mayu Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masato Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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11
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Min L, Hu YJ, Fan JH, Zhang W, Li CC. Synthetic applications of type II intramolecular cycloadditions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7015-7043. [PMID: 32869796 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type II intramolecular cycloadditions ([4+2], [4+3], [4+4] and [5+2]) have emerged recently as an efficient and powerful strategy for the construction of bridged ring systems. In general, type II cycloadditions provide access to a wide range of bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems with high regio- and diastereoselectivity in an easy and straightforward manner. In each section of this review, an overview of the corresponding type II cycloadditions is presented, which is followed by highlights of method development and synthetic applications in natural product synthesis. The goal of this review is to provide a survey of recent advances in the field covering literature up to 2020. The review will serve as a useful reference for organic chemists engaged in the total synthesis of natural products containing bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems and provide strong stimulus for invention and further advances in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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12
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John J, Omanakuttan VK, T. A, Suresh CH, Jones PG, Hopf H. Tandem α-Arylation/Cyclization of 4-Haloacetoacetates with Arynes: A Metal-Free Approach toward 4-Aryl-3-(2H)-furanones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5957-5964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jubi John
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishnu K. Omanakuttan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aneeja T.
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Hopf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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13
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Yoshida S. Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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14
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Hatakeyama S. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:191-209. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Hughes JM, Gleason JL. A bio-inspired cascade and a late-stage directed sp3 C H lithiation enables a concise total synthesis of (−)-virosaine A. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Gupta E, Kant R, Mohanan K. Decarbethoxylative Arylation Employing Arynes: A Metal-Free Pathway to Arylfluoroamides. Org Lett 2017; 19:6016-6019. [PMID: 29034681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, metal-free decarbethoxylative arylation protocol for the synthesis of α-aryl-α-fluoroamides from fluoromalonamates, under ambient reaction conditions using aryne as an electrophilic arylating agent, is reported. This decarbethoxylative arylation proceeds under mild conditions and provides a practical and effective entry to a wide range of α-aryl-α-fluoroacetamides. Interestingly, the use of the tert-butyl ester of fluoromalonamate prevented the otherwise rapid decarboxylation step, affording the arylated fluoromalonamate in moderate yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kishor Mohanan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi 110001, India
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17
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Reyes JR, Xu J, Kobayashi K, Bhat V, Rawal VH. Total Synthesis of (−)‐
N
‐Methylwelwitindolinone B Isothiocyanate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9962-9966. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius R. Reyes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Jiasu Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Vikram Bhat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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18
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Hughes JME, Gleason JL. A Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Virosaine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10830-10834. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - James L. Gleason
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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19
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Hughes JME, Gleason JL. A Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Virosaine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - James L. Gleason
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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20
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Reyes JR, Xu J, Kobayashi K, Bhat V, Rawal VH. Total Synthesis of (−)‐
N
‐Methylwelwitindolinone B Isothiocyanate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius R. Reyes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Jiasu Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Vikram Bhat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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21
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Darses B, Rodrigues R, Neuville L, Mazurais M, Dauban P. Transition metal-catalyzed iodine(iii)-mediated nitrene transfer reactions: efficient tools for challenging syntheses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:493-508. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The main synthetic applications of catalytic C(sp3)–H amination and alkene aziridination reactions are discussed in the context of natural product synthesis. The examples highlight that these synthetic methods now firmly belong in the organic chemist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Darses
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - R. Rodrigues
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - L. Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - M. Mazurais
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - P. Dauban
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
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22
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Hazelard D, Nocquet PA, Compain P. Catalytic C–H amination at its limits: challenges and solutions. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pushing C–H amination to its limits fosters innovative synthetic solutions and offers a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism and scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hazelard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO)
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS (UMR 7509)
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie
- Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2
| | - Pierre-Antoine Nocquet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO)
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS (UMR 7509)
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie
- Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO)
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS (UMR 7509)
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie
- Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2
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23
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Abstract
This review focuses on total syntheses of diterpenoids starting from carvone (1) since 2006 in the alphabetical order of compound names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiro Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, 2-Nocho, Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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24
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Medina JM, Jackl MK, Susick RB, Garg NK. Synthetic studies pertaining to the 2,3-pyridyne and 4,5-pyrimidyne. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Shah TK, Medina JM, Garg NK. Expanding the Strained Alkyne Toolbox: Generation and Utility of Oxygen-Containing Strained Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4948-54. [PMID: 26987257 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report synthetic methodology that permits access to two oxacyclic strained intermediates, the 4,5-benzofuranyne and the 3,4-oxacyclohexyne. In situ trapping of these intermediates affords an array of heterocyclic scaffolds by the formation of one or more new C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. Experimentally determined regioselectivities were consistent with predictions made using the distortion/interaction model and were also found to be greater compared to selectivities seen in the case of trapping experiments of the corresponding N-containing intermediates. These studies demonstrate the synthetic versatility of oxacyclic arynes and alkynes for the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles, while further expanding the scope of the distortion/interaction model. Moreover, these efforts underscore the value of harnessing strained heterocyclic intermediates as a unique approach to building polycyclic heteroatom-containing frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas K Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jose M Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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26
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Mailyan AK, Eickhoff JA, Minakova AS, Gu Z, Lu P, Zakarian A. Cutting-Edge and Time-Honored Strategies for Stereoselective Construction of C–N Bonds in Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4441-557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur K. Mailyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - John A. Eickhoff
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anastasiia S. Minakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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27
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Qiu Y, Gao S. Trends in applying C-H oxidation to the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:562-81. [PMID: 26847167 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2006 to 2015C-H functionalization remains one of the frontier challenges in organic chemistry and drives quite an active area of research. It has recently been applied in various novel strategies for the synthesis of natural products. It can dramatically increase synthetic efficiency when incorporated into retrosynthetic analyses of complex natural products, making it an essential part of current trends in organic synthesis. In this Review, we focus on selected case studies of recent applications of C-H oxidation methodologies in which the C-H bond has been exploited effectively to construct C-O and C-N bonds in natural product syntheses. Examples of syntheses representing different types of C-H oxidation are discussed to illustrate the potential of this approach and inspire future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyou Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
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28
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Reddy BVS, Reddy EP, Sridhar B, Rao YJ. Rhodium-catalyzed cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides for the synthesis of spiro[furo[2,3-a]xanthene-2,3′-indolin]-2′-one scaffolds. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05661j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rh(ii)-catalyzed cycloaddition of 3-diazooxindoles with 2-methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes has been developed to produce tetrahydro-3H,4H-spiro[furo[2,3-a]xanthene-2,3′-indolin]-2′-ones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Subba Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - E. Pravardhan Reddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - B. Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Y. Jayaprakash Rao
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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29
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Sun Y, Meng Z, Chen P, Zhang D, Baunach M, Hertweck C, Li A. A concise total synthesis of sespenine, a structurally unusual indole terpenoid from Streptomyces. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A ten-step (the longest linear sequence) total synthesis of sespenine was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Zhanchao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Pengxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Deliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Martin Baunach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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30
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Hager A, Vrielink N, Hager D, Lefranc J, Trauner D. Synthetic approaches towards alkaloids bearing α-tertiary amines. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 33:491-522. [PMID: 26621771 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids account for some of the most beautiful and biologically active natural products. Although they are usually classified along biosynthetic criteria, they can also be categorized according to certain structural motifs. Amongst these, the α-tertiary amine (ATA), i.e. a tetrasubstituted carbon atom surrounded by three carbons and one nitrogen, is particularly interesting. A limited number of methods have been described to access this functional group and fewer still are commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we review some approaches to asymmetrically access ATAs and provide an overview of alkaloid total syntheses where those have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hager
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 München, Germany.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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32
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Komine K, Nomura Y, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Total Synthesis of (-)-N-Methylwelwitindolinone C Isothiocyanate Based on a Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Enolate Coupling Strategy. Org Lett 2015. [PMID: 26214342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-N-methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate is described, which features the expeditious construction of a bicyclo[4.3.1]decane ring system by a palladium-catalyzed tandem enolate allylation/arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Komine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Susumi Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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33
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Picazo E, Houk KN, Garg NK. Computational predictions of substituted benzyne and indolyne regioselectivities. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3511-3514. [PMID: 26034336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A computational study using DFT methods was performed for an array of mono and disubstituted benzynes and indolynes. The inherent distortion present in the geometry-optimized structures predicts the regioselectivity of aryne trapping by nucleophiles or cycloaddition partners. These studies will serve to enable the further use of unsymmetrical arynes in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Picazo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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34
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Maimone TJ, Ishihara Y, Baran PS. Scalable Total Syntheses of (-)-Hapalindole U and (+)-Ambiguine H. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:3652-3665. [PMID: 25983347 PMCID: PMC4430130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Stigonemataceae family of cyanobacteria produces a class of biogenetically related indole natural products that include hapalindoles and ambiguines. In this full account, a practical route to the tetracyclic hapalindole family is presented by way of an eight-step, enantiospecific, protecting-group-free total synthesis of (-)-hapalindole U that features an oxidative indole-enolate coupling. With gram-scale access to hapalindole U, the first total synthesis of an ambiguine alkaloid, (+)-ambiguine H, was completed via an isonitrile-assisted prenylation of an indole followed by a photofragmentation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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35
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Nishino H, Kikue N, Takahashi T. Mn(III)-Based Oxidative Cyclization of N-Aryl-3-oxobutanamides. Facile Synthesis and Transformation of Substituted Oxindoles. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Ishikura M, Abe T, Choshi T, Hibino S. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1389-471. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the isolation, structure determination, total syntheses and biological activities of simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit, with literature coverage from 2012 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ishikura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-Tobetsu
- Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-Tobetsu
- Japan
| | - Tominari Choshi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Fukuyama University
- Fukuyama
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Hibino
- Graduate School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Fukuyama University
- Fukuyama
- Japan
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37
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Goetz AE, Shah TK, Garg NK. Pyridynes and indolynes as building blocks for functionalized heterocycles and natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:34-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06445c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article showcases the use of pyridynes and indolynes to construct functionalized heterocycles and complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Goetz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Tejas K. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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38
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Hillwig ML, Fuhrman HA, Ittiamornkul K, Sevco TJ, Kwak DH, Liu X. Identification and characterization of a welwitindolinone alkaloid biosynthetic gene cluster in the stigonematalean Cyanobacterium Hapalosiphon welwitschii. Chembiochem 2014; 15:665-9. [PMID: 24677572 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a 36 kb welwitindolinone (wel) biosynthetic gene cluster in Hapalosiphon welwitschii UTEX B1830 is reported. Characterization of the enzymes responsible for assembling the early biosynthetic intermediates geranyl pyrophosphate and 3-((Z)-2′-isocyanoethenyl)indole as well as a dedicated N-methyltransferase in the maturation of N-methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate solidified the link between the wel pathway and welwitindolinone biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of the ambiguine and welwitindolinone biosynthetic pathways in two different organisms provided insights into the origins of diverse structures within hapalindole-type molecules.
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39
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Weires N, Styduhar ED, Baker EL, Garg NK. Total synthesis of (-)-N-methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate via a chlorinative oxabicycle ring-opening strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14710-3. [PMID: 25275668 PMCID: PMC4206695 DOI: 10.1021/ja5087672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of N-methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate is reported. The route features several key steps, including a regio- and diastereoselective chlorinative oxabicycle ring-opening reaction to introduce the challenging alkyl chloride motif.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma L. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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40
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Abstract
Heterocyclic arynes have long been targeted as potential tools for the synthesis of substituted heterocycles. Recent advances have led to an improved understanding of the factors that determine regioselectivity in reactions of these strained intermediates and, in turn, the aryne distortion model. This paper highlights the use of this predictive model to enable the use of heterocyclic arynes, such as indolynes and pyridynes, in chemical synthesis.
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41
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Cleary L, Pitzen J, Brailsford JA, Shea KJ. Progress toward the total synthesis of N-methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate. Org Lett 2014; 16:4460-3. [PMID: 25124334 DOI: 10.1021/ol5020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Progress toward the welwitindolinone alkaloid N-methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate is reported. A key reaction to synthesize the [4.3.1] bicycle embedded in the core of the molecule is a furan type 2 intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction with a tetrasubstituted dienophile, which sets the two vicinal quaternary centers present in the natural product. The sterically encumbered cycloaddition precursor was synthesized using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction followed by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Finally, introduction of the secondary alkyl chloride was achieved by a regio- and diastereoselective opening of a [2.2.1] oxobicycloheptane functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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42
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Goetz AE, Silberstein AL, Corsello MA, Garg NK. Concise enantiospecific total synthesis of tubingensin A. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3036-9. [PMID: 24524351 PMCID: PMC3985696 DOI: 10.1021/ja501142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We report the enantiospecific total
synthesis of (+)-tubingensin
A. Our synthesis features an aryne cyclization to efficiently introduce
the vicinal quaternary stereocenters of the natural product and proceeds
in only nine steps (longest linear sequence) from known compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Goetz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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