1
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Fan D, Du J, Dang J, Wang C, Mo Y. The strength and selectivity of perfluorinated nano-hoops and buckybowls for anion binding and the nature of anion-π interactions. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:138-148. [PMID: 35147229 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated cycloparaphenylenes (F-[n]CPP, n = 5-8), boron nitride nanohoop (F-[5]BNNH), and buckybowls (F-BBs) were proposed as anion receptors via anion-π interactions with halide anions (Cl- , Br- and I- ), and remarkable binding strengths up to -294.8 kJ/mol were computationally verified. The energy decomposition approach based on the block-localized wavefunction method, which combines the computational efficiency of molecular orbital theory and the chemical intuition of ab initio valence bond theory, was applied to the above anion-π complexes, in order to elucidate the nature and selectivity of these interactions. The overall attraction is mainly governed by the frozen energy component, in which the electrostatic interaction is included. Remarkable binding strengths with F-[n]CPPs can be attributed to the accumulated anion-π interactions between the anion and each conjugated ring on the hoop, while for F-BBs, additional stability results from the curved frameworks, which distribute electron densities unequally on π-faces. Interestingly, the strongest host was proved to be the F-[5]BNNH, which exhibits the most significant anisotropy of the electrostatic potential surface due to the difference in the electronegativities of nitrogen and boron. The selectivity of each host for anions was explored and the importance of the often-overlooked Pauli exchange repulsion was illustrated. Chloride anion turns out to be the most favorable anion for all receptors, due to the smallest ionic radius and the weakest destabilizing Pauli exchange repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fan
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingshuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Wang Y, Wu H, Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Stern CL, Schatz GC, Stoddart JF. Color-Tunable Upconversion-Emission Switch Based on Cocrystal-to-Cocrystal Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1855-1865. [PMID: 36642916 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystal engineering, involving the assembly of two or more components into a highly ordered solid-state superstructure, has emerged as a popular strategy for tuning the photophysical properties of crystalline materials. The reversible co-assembly and disassembly of multicomponent cocrystals and their reciprocal transformation in the solid state remain challenging objectives. Herein, we report a color-tunable upconversion-emission switch based on the interconversion between two cocrystals. One red- and one yellow-emissive cocrystal, composed of an electron-deficient naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycle and different electron donors, have been obtained. The red- and yellow-emissive cocrystals undergo reversible transformations on exchanging the electron donors. Benefiting from intermolecular charge transfer interactions, the two cocrystals display superior two-photon excited upconversion emission. Accompanying the interconversion of the two cocrystals, their luminescent color changes between red and yellow, forming a dual-color upconversion-emission switch. This research provides a rare yet critical example involving precise control of cocrystal-to-cocrystal transformation and affords a reference for fabricating color-tunable nonlinear optical materials in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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3
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Wang L, Liu YL, Wang MS. Effects of Atypical Hydrogen Bonds and π-π Interactions on Nonlinear Optical Properties: Dimers of Triangular Structures Based on Perylene, Naphthalene, and Pyromellitic Diimides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:357-366. [PMID: 36524998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have become important materials in the field of high-speed optical devices due to the changes in light absorption and refraction caused by the photoelectric field. Compounds tend to exist as aggregates rather than single molecules, so intermolecular interactions are crucial to the nature of aggregates. Therefore, to study the effects of intermolecular interactions on nonlinear optical properties, we use a dimer simplified model and adopt the methods of controlling variables, which are the different intermolecular interactions resulting from the different stacking patterns of dimers based on the same monomer structures (2PMDI-1NDI and 2NDI-1PDI). It is found that compared with dimers involving π-π interactions, dimers involving C-H···O interactions have shorter intermolecular distances, larger intermolecular interaction energies, and smaller highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gaps. Moreover, the C-H···O interactions are more conducive to the intermolecular charge transfers and more beneficial for increasing the nonlinear optical response values of aggregates with respect to π-π interactions. This work provides an important basis for the influence of intermolecular interactions on nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai264025, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai264025, Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai264025, Shandong, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai264025, Shandong, China
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4
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Prusinowska N, Szymkowiak J, Kwit M. Unravelling Structural Dynamics, Supramolecular Behavior, and Chiroptical Properties of Enantiomerically Pure Macrocyclic Tertiary Ureas and Thioureas. J Org Chem 2023; 88:285-299. [PMID: 36480555 PMCID: PMC9830626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of urea or thiourea functionality to the macrocycle skeleton represents an alternative way to control conformational dynamics of chiral, polyamines of a figure-shaped periodical structure. Formally highly symmetrical, these macrocycles may adapt diverse conformations, depending on the nature of an amide linker and on a substitution pattern within the aromatic units. The type of heteroatom X in the N-C(═X)-N units present in each vertex of the macrocycle core constitutes the main factor determining the chiroptical properties. In contrast to the urea-containing derivatives, the electronic circular dichroism of thioureas is controlled by the chiral neighborhood closest to the chromophore. The dynamically induced exciton couplet is observed when the biphenyl chromophores are present in the macrocycle core. In the solid state, the seemingly disordered molecules may create ordered networks stabilized by intermolecular S···halogen, H···halogen, and S···H interactions. The presence of two bromine substituents in each aromatic unit in thiourea-derived trianglamine gives rise to a self-sorting phenomenon in the crystal. In solution, this particular macrocycle exists as a dynamic equimolar mixture of two conformational diastereoisomers, differing in the spatial (clockwise and counter clockwise) arrangement of the C-Br bonds. In the crystal lattice, macrocycles of a given handedness assemble into homohelical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry University
of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznan, Poland,E-mail:
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5
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Tominaga M, Nanbara S, Hyodo T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K. Orientation of carbonyl groups in inclusion crystals formed from ketones with aromatic diimide-based macrocycles. CrystEngComm 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion crystals were formed from ketones with aromatic diimide-based macrocycles possessing adamantane units, where the oxygen atoms of guests interacted with the electron-deficient π-surfaces of the aromatic diimides through CO⋯π contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Tominaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Sakito Nanbara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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6
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Chakraborty D, Mukherjee PS. Recent trends in organic cage synthesis: push towards water-soluble organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5558-5573. [PMID: 35420101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on organic cages has blossomed over the past few years into a mature field of study which can contribute to solving some of the challenging problems. In this review we aim to showcase the recent trends in synthesis of organic cages including a brief discussion on their use in catalysis, gas sorption, host-guest chemistry and energy transfer. Among the organic cages, water-soluble analogues are a special class of compounds which have gained renewed attention in recent times. Due to their advantage of being compatible with water, such cages have the potential of showing biomimetic activities and can find use in drug delivery and also as hosts for catalysis in aqueous medium. Hence, the synthetic strategies for the formation of water-soluble organic cages shall be discussed along with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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7
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane‐based anion–π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R J Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Athanasios D Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
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8
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Wang L, Liu YL, Li QJ, Chen SH, He D, Wang MS. Assembling of Perylene, Naphthalene, and Pyromellitic Diimide-Based Materials and Their Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:870-878. [PMID: 35112861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
π-conjugated aromatic diimides with chemical stability, heat resistance, and redox activity have attracted more attention due to their excellent fluorescence quantum yield in solution. The planar perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives generally have aggregation-induced emission quenching in the solid state, while the cyclic trimers based on pyromellitic diimides (PMDIs), naphthalene diimides (NDIs), and PDIs can increase the fluorescence quantum yield in the solid state and have large two-photon absorption cross section, which can be used as excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Therefore, this paper will study the effects of multiple assembly modes of the three monomers on the NLO responses of materials. It was found that the assembly modes of 2PMDI-1NDI and 2NDI-1PDI exhibit larger third-order NLO response (γ) values, which was due to the larger conjugate surface of PDI effectively reducing the energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO. Compared with other assembly methods, 2PMDI-1NDI and 2NDI-1PDI were conducive to causing redshifts (150 nm) in the absorption spectrum. Therefore, the larger conjugate surface of PDI and the assembly mode of the isosceles triangle were more favorable for intramolecular charge transfer, thus improving its NLO properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Quan-Jiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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9
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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10
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Janiak A, Gajewy J, Szymkowiak J, Gierczyk B, Kwit M. Specific Noncovalent Association of Truncated exo-Functionalized Triangular Homochiral Isotrianglimines through Head-to-Head, Tail-to-Tail, and Honeycomb Supramolecular Motifs. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2356-2366. [PMID: 35029991 PMCID: PMC8902749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral isotrianglimines were synthesized by the [3 + 3] cyclocondensation of (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with C5-substituted isophthalaldehyde derivatives. The substituent's steric and electronic demands and the guest molecules' nature have affected the conformation of individual macrocycles and their propensity to form supramolecular architectures. In the crystal, the formation of a honeycomb-like packing arrangement of the simplest isotrianglimine was promoted by the presence of toluene or para-xylene molecules. A less symmetrical solvent molecule might force this arrangement to change. Polar substituents present in the macrocycle skeleton have enforced the self-association of isotrianglimines in the form of tail-to-tail dimers. These dimers could be further arranged in higher-order structures of the head-to-head type, which were held together by the solvent molecules. Non-associating isotrianglimine formed a container that accommodated acetonitrile molecules in its cavity. The calculated dimerization energies have indicated a strong preference for the formation of tail-to-tail dimers over those of the capsule type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gajewy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Błażej Gierczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
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11
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Shi Q, Wang X, Liu B, Qiao P, Li J, Wang L. Macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks: the state of the art and progress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12379-12405. [PMID: 34726202 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules play the central role in host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. The highly structural symmetry of macrocyclic host molecules can meet people's pursuit of aesthetics in molecular design, and generally means a balance of design, synthesis, properties and applications. For macrocyclic host molecules with highly symmetrical structures, building blocks, which could be described as repeat units as well, are the most fundamental elements for molecular design. The structural features and recognition ability of macrocyclic host molecules are determined by the building blocks and their connection patterns. Using different building blocks, different macrocyclic host molecules could be designed and synthesized. With decades of developments of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, diverse macrocyclic host molecules with different building blocks have been designed and synthesized. Aromatic building blocks are a big family among the various building blocks used in constructing macrocyclic host molecules. In this feature article, the recent developments of macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panyu Qiao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Thomas JA, Zubi A, Alnafisah HA, Turega S, Marques I, Gomes JRB, Félix V. Being positive is not everything - experimental and computational studies on the selectivity of a self-assembled, multiple redox-state, receptor that binds anions with up to picomolar affinities. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202102465. [PMID: 34755915 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the self-assembled trinuclear ruthenium bowl 1 3+ , that displays three other accessible oxidation states, with oxo-anions is investigated. Using a combination of NMR and electrochemical experimental data, estimates of the binding affinities of 1 4+ , 1 5+ , and 1 6+ for both halide and oxo-anions were derived. This analysis revealed that, across the range of oxidation states of the host, both high anion binding affinities (>10 9 M -1 for specific guests bound to 1 6+ ) and high selectivities (a range of >10 7 M -1 ) were observed. As the crystal structure of binding of the hexafluorophosphate anion revealed that the host has two potential binding sites (named the α and β pockets), the host-guest properties of both putative binding sites of the bowl, in all of its four oxidation states, were investigated through detailed quantum-based computational studies. These studies revealed that, due to the interplay of electrostatically assisted hydrogen-bonding and anion-π interactions, binding to the α pocket is generally preferred, except for the case of the relatively large and lipophilic hexafluorophosphate anionic guest and the host in the highest oxidation states, where the β pocket becomes relatively favourable. This analysis confirms that host-guest interactions involving structurally complex supramolecular architectures are driven by a combination of non-covalent interactions and, even in the case of charged binding pairs, electrostatics alone cannot accurately define these recognition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Antony Thomas
- University of Sheffiled, Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, S3 7HF, Sheffield, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ahmed Zubi
- The University of Sheffield, Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Simon Turega
- Sheffield Hallam University, Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Igor Marques
- University of Aveiro CICECO: Universidade de Aveiro CICECO, Chemistry, PORTUGAL
| | - José R B Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Materiais Cerâmicos e Compósitos: Universidade de Aveiro CICECO, Chemistry, PORTUGAL
| | - Vítor Félix
- University of Aveiro CICECO: Universidade de Aveiro CICECO, Chemistry, PORTUGAL
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13
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Single-crystal structure of two-dimensional organic framework based on donor-acceptor interactions with charge-transfer effect. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Abstract
ConspectusMacrocycles have had a profound influence on the establishment of supramolecular chemistry because of their abundant molecular recognition and self-assembly characteristics. The design of new macrocyclic receptors that can be tailored by synthesis to display new and exotic properties is an important research objective for chemists and materials scientists. Rigid macrocycles with π-conjugated aromatic units, in contrast with flexible ones, tend to possess large interior and exterior π-surfaces in addition to persistent shapes. These features not only endow these macrocycles with a wide range of host-guest properties but also render them ideal building blocks for constructing a diverse variety of supramolecular architectures. The incorporation of π-conjugated units into macrocycles also imbues them with a wealth of optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, resulting in their broad application in materials science and molecular nanotechnology.Recently, we have designed and synthesized a new class of macrocycles, namely, molecular triangles, which have rigid structures with triangular geometries. They consist of three chiral trans-1,2-cyclohexano apexes and three aromatic tetracarboxylic diimide linkers, such as pyromellitic diimide, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide. Benefiting from the availability of facile synthetic protocols, the geometries and properties of these rigid molecular triangles can be altered at will. By combining these tetracarboxylic diimide linkers, we have been able to synthesize both molecular equilateral and isosceles triangles. During the past few years, we have conducted research in a systematic manner on the structural features and self-assembly characteristics of these molecular triangles. The following points are worthy of note regarding these molecular triangles: (i) They possess shape-persistent inner cavities of a highly electron-deficient nature. These features endow them with the ability to complex with anions and electron-rich molecules, forming supramolecular nanotubes and two-dimensional tilings. (ii) Those with intrinsic chirality are able to self-assemble into solid-state nonhelical or single-handed helical superstructures, inducing selective chirality transfer from the macrocycles to their crystalline supramolecular assemblies. (iii) The triangular arrangement of aromatic tetracarboxylic diimide linkers contributes to through-space electron delocalization encompassing the entire macrocycle, conferring exotic electronic and spin properties. To date, the family of molecular triangles has exhibited a range of physicochemical properties, such as anion recognition, chiral assembly, supramolecular gelation, energy storage, solid-state luminescence, and nonlinear optical response.In this Account, we summarize our recent progress in research into these molecular triangles. We present an overview of their design and synthesis, as well as a general summary of their structural features. Thereafter, we discuss state-of-the-art developments in relation to their molecular recognition properties and their assembly characteristics. In addition, we highlight the potential applications of these molecular triangles and their complexes with a range of solvents and electron-rich molecules. Finally, we speculate on further structural modifications and application-oriented explorations based on this class of molecular triangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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15
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Li L, Yin YJ, Hei JP, Wan XJ, Li ML, Cui Y. Molecular Engineering of Aromatic Imides for Organic Secondary Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005752. [PMID: 33544971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic imides are a class of attractive organic materials with inherently electroactive groups and large π electron-deficient scaffolds, which hold potential as electrode materials for organic secondary batteries (OSBs). However, the undecorated aromatic imides are usually plagued by low capacity, high solubility in electrolyte, and poor electronic/ionic conductivity. Molecular engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to address unsatisfying characteristics of the aromatic imides, thereby expanding their scope for applications in OSBs. In this review, the recent research progress in modulation of the capacity, dissolution, and electronic/ionic conductivity of aromatic imides for organic lithium batteries, organic sodium batteries, and redox flow batteries are summarized. In addition, the challenge and prospective of aromatic imides in organic secondary battery applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Yan-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Jin-Pei Hei
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Xin-Jun Wan
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Ming-Ling Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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16
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Fang S, Li E, Zhu D, Wu G, Zhang Q, Lin C, Huang F, Li H. A water-soluble naphthalenediimide-containing hexacationic cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6074-6077. [PMID: 34036999 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble cage containing three naphthalenediimide (NDI) units was synthesized in a one-pot manner without chromatographic purification, during which six irreversible C-N bonds formed simultaneously via an SN2 reaction. The cage was observed to be capable of accommodating a variety π-electron rich guests in a peripheral manner in water. However, for linear guests including I3- and I2, the cage is able to form an inclusion complex. Besides, in the solid state, the cage can absorb vapor of I2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Errui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Dingsheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Qinhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Chuhao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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17
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Mizuno A, Shuku Y, Suizu R, Tsuchiizu M, Awaga K. 3D supramolecular chiral crystal structures of radical anion salts of (−)-NDI-Δ and possible magnetic phase diagrams. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chiral crystals of radical anion salts of a triangular chiral electron acceptor, (−)-naphthalene diimide (NDI)-Δ, were electrochemically grown in propylene carbonate electrolyte solutions in the presence of cyclic multidentate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asato Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS)
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shuku
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS)
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Rie Suizu
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS)
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | | | - Kunio Awaga
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS)
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
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18
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Zhang G, Xue N, Gu W, Yang X, Lv A, Zheng Y, Zhang L. Regiocontrolled dimerization of asymmetric diazaheptacene derivatives toward X-shaped porous semiconductors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11235-11243. [PMID: 34094364 PMCID: PMC8162510 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03744c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformationally rigid X-shaped PAHs are attracting interest due to their self-assembly into unique networks and as models to study through-space exciton and charge delocalization in one single molecule. We report here the synthesis of X-shaped PAHs by dimerization of diazaheptacene diimides. The diimide groups are employed to effectively direct the self-assembly into antiparallel dimer aggregates, which assist the compounds to undergo a regiocontrolled [4 + 4] dimerization, leading to an X-shaped conformation bearing electron-poor and -rich subunits. The resulting PAHs are found to pack in 2D layers with large open channels and infinite π⋯π arrays. Furthermore, these highly crystalline porous materials serve as electron-transporting materials in OFETs due to the long-range π-stacked arrays in the layers. This work presents a potentially generalizable strategy, which may provide a unique class of porous semiconductors for organic devices, taking advantage of their open channels. The synthesis of conformationally rigid X-shaped PAHs by regiocontrolled cyclodimerization of diazaheptacene diimides is presented. The resulting porous materials exhibit enhanced semiconducting behaviors with large open channels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xingzhou Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Aifeng Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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19
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Wang Y, Wu H, Li P, Chen S, Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Zhang L, Cai K, Chen H, Chen XY, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Ratner MA, Schatz GC, Stoddart JF. Two-photon excited deep-red and near-infrared emissive organic co-crystals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4633. [PMID: 32934231 PMCID: PMC7493989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon excited near-infrared fluorescence materials have garnered considerable attention because of their superior optical penetration, higher spatial resolution, and lower optical scattering compared with other optical materials. Herein, a convenient and efficient supramolecular approach is used to synthesize a two-photon excited near-infrared emissive co-crystalline material. A naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycle and coronene form selectively two co-crystals. The triangle-shaped co-crystal emits deep-red fluorescence, while the quadrangle-shaped co-crystal displays deep-red and near-infrared emission centered on 668 nm, which represents a 162 nm red-shift compared with its precursors. Benefiting from intermolecular charge transfer interactions, the two co-crystals possess higher calculated two-photon absorption cross-sections than those of their individual constituents. Their two-photon absorption bands reach into the NIR-II region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The quadrangle-shaped co-crystal constitutes a unique material that exhibits two-photon absorption and near-infrared emission simultaneously. This co-crystallization strategy holds considerable promise for the future design and synthesis of more advanced optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Penghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.
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20
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Türel T, Valiyaveettil S. A Naphthalene Diimide Based Macrocycle Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups: An Electron-Deficient Host for Aromatic Carboxylate Derivatives. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1430-1437. [PMID: 32633091 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimide (NDI) compounds are widely used as electron acceptors in various applications. Herein, we combine NDI with quaternary ammonium groups for the synthesis of a highly electron-deficient linear compound 2 and macrocycle 3. The complexation studies of the water-soluble macrocycle 3 with aromatic di- and tetra- carboxylate anions in water were done using absorption, emission, 1 H NMR and NOESY spectroscopic titrations. The NDI incorporated macrocycle 3 showed high binding affinities towards linear aromatic tetracarboxylate anions owing to the size and charge complementarity of the host-guest complex. Macrocycle 3 binds tetracarboxylate anion much better than dicarboxylate anions. Furthermore, the macrocycle 3 is solvated differently in acetonitrile and in water or dimethyl sulfoxide, which induces changes in conformation and photophysical properties. Such electron-deficient optically active macrocycles are useful for developing useful sensor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tankut Türel
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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21
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Kiel GR, Bay KL, Samkian AE, Schuster NJ, Lin JB, Handford RC, Nuckolls C, Houk KN, Tilley TD. Expanded Helicenes as Synthons for Chiral Macrocyclic Nanocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11084-11091. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R. Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katherine L. Bay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Adrian E. Samkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Janice B. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rex C. Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Pham AT, Matile S. Peptide Stapling with Anion-π Catalysts. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1562-1566. [PMID: 32311232 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) that are bridged with short peptides. Reminiscent of peptide stapling technologies, the macrocycles are conveniently accessible by a chromogenic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of two bromides in the NDI core with two thiols from cysteine sidechains. The dimension of core-bridged NDIs matches that of one turn of an α helix. NDI-stapled peptides exist as two, often separable atropisomers. Introduction of tertiary amine bases in amino-acid sidechains above the π-acidic NDI surface affords operational anion-π catalysts. According to an enolate chemistry benchmark reaction, anion-π catalysis next to peptides occurs with record chemoselectivity but weak enantioselectivity. Catalytic activity drops with increasing distance of the amine base to the NDI surface, looser homocysteine bridges, mismatched, shortened and elongated α-helix turns, and acyclic peptide controls. Elongation of isolated turns into short α helices significantly increases activity. This increase is consistent with remote control of anion-π catalysis from the α-helix macrodipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Pham
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Shukla J, Singh VP, Mukhopadhyay P. Molecular and Supramolecular Multiredox Systems. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:304-324. [PMID: 32154051 PMCID: PMC7050954 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of molecular and supramolecular multiredox systems have been summarized. These systems are of great importance as they can be employed in the next generation of materials for energy storage, energy transport, and solar fuel production. Nature provides guiding pathways and insights to judiciously incorporate and tune the various molecular and supramolecular design aspects that result in the formation of complex and efficient systems. In this review, we have classified molecular multiredox systems into organic and organic-inorganic hybrid systems. The organic multiredox systems are further classified into multielectron acceptors, multielectron donors and ambipolar molecules. Synthetic chemists have integrated different electron donating and electron withdrawing groups to realize these complex molecular systems. Further, we have reviewed supramolecular multiredox systems, redox-active host-guest recognition, including mechanically interlocked systems. Finally, the review provides a discussion on the diverse applications, e. g. in artificial photosynthesis, water splitting, dynamic random access memory, etc. that can be realized from these artificial molecular or supramolecular multiredox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
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24
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Kiel GR, Bergman HM, Tilley TD. Site-selective [2 + 2 + n] cycloadditions for rapid, scalable access to alkynylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3028-3035. [PMID: 34122806 PMCID: PMC8157499 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are attractive synthetic building blocks for more complex conjugated nanocarbons, but their use for this purpose requires appreciable quantities of a PAH with reactive functional groups. Despite tremendous recent advances, most synthetic methods cannot satisfy these demands. Here we present a general and scalable [2 + 2 + n] (n = 1 or 2) cycloaddition strategy to access PAHs that are decorated with synthetically versatile alkynyl groups and its application to seven structurally diverse PAH ring systems (thirteen new alkynylated PAHs in total). The critical discovery is the site-selectivity of an Ir-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition, which preferentially cyclizes tethered diyne units with preservation of other (peripheral) alkynyl groups. The potential for generalization of the site-selectivity to other [2 + 2 + n] reactions is demonstrated by identification of a Cp2Zr-mediated [2 + 2 + 1]/metallacycle transfer sequence for synthesis of an alkynylated, selenophene-annulated PAH. The new PAHs are excellent synthons for macrocyclic conjugated nanocarbons. As a proof of concept, four were subjected to alkyne metathesis catalysis to afford large, PAH-containing arylene ethylene macrocycles, which possess a range of cavity sizes reaching well into the nanometer regime. Notably, these high-yielding macrocyclizations establish that synthetically convenient pentynyl groups can be effective for metathesis since the 4-octyne byproduct is sequestered by 5 Å MS. Most importantly, this work is a demonstration of how site-selective reactions can be harnessed to rapidly build up structural complexity in a practical, scalable fashion. An orthogonal [2 + 2 + n] cycloaddition/alkyne metathesis reaction sequence enables streamlined access to conjugated macrocyclic nanocarbons.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
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25
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Nagurniak GR, Piotrowski MJ, Muñoz-Castro À, Cascaldi JBS, Parreira RLT, Caramori GF. What is the driving force behind molecular triangles and their guests? A quantum chemical perspective about host–guest interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19213-19222. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The physical nature of host–guest interactions occurring between molecular triangles and linear anions was explored using DFT calculations combined with energy decomposition analyses, nuclear independent chemical shift, and non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio R. Nagurniak
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Campus Blumenau
- Blumenau
- Brazil
| | - Maurício J. Piotrowski
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Campus Universitário Capão do Leão
- CEP 96160-000 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Àlvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Lab. de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Llano Subercaceaux 2801
- San Miguel
- Chile
| | | | | | - Giovanni F. Caramori
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Campus Universitário Trindade
- 88040-900 Florianópolis
- Brazil
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26
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Caramori GF, Østrøm I, Ortolan AO, Nagurniak GR, Besen VM, Muñoz-Castro A, Orenha RP, Parreira RLT, Galembeck SE. The usefulness of energy decomposition schemes to rationalize host–guest interactions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17457-17471. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The findings reported here reveal the robustness and practical application of EDA-NOCV in rationalizing molecular recognition situations in host–guest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina Østrøm
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Vitor M. Besen
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Renato P. Orenha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade de Franca
- Franca
- Brazil
| | - Renato L. T. Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade de Franca
- Franca
- Brazil
| | - Sérgio E. Galembeck
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
- Universidade de São Paulo
- Ribeirão Preto
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27
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28
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Shukla J, Mukhopadhyay P. Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides and their Redox Properties. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
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29
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Luo J, Zhu J, Tuo DH, Yuan Q, Wang L, Wang XB, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Macrocycle-Directed Construction of Tetrahedral Anion-π Receptors for Nesting Anions with Complementary Geometry. Chemistry 2019; 25:13275-13279. [PMID: 31398268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the emerging anion-π interactions in a highly cooperative manner through sophisticated host design represents a very challenging task. In this work, unprecedented tetrahedral anion-π receptors have been successfully constructed for complementary accommodation of tetrahedral and relevant anions. The synthesis was achieved by a macrocycle-directed approach by using large macrocycle precursors bearing four reactive sites, which enabled a kinetic-favored pathway and afforded the otherwise inaccessible tetrahedral cages in considerable yields. Crystal structure suggested that the tetrahedral cages have an enclosed three-dimensional cavity surrounded by four electron-deficient triazine faces in a tetrahedral array. The complementary accommodation of a series of tetrahedral and relevant anions including BF4 - , ClO4 - , H2 PO4 - , HSO4 - , SO4 2- and PF6 - was revealed by ESI-MS and DFT calculations. Crystal structures of ClO4 - and PF6 - complexes showed that the anion was nicely encapsulated within the tetrahedral cavity with up to quadruple cooperative anion-π interactions by an excellent shape and size match. The strong anion-π binding was further confirmed by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - De-Hui Tuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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30
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Jiao T, Cai K, Nelson JN, Jiao Y, Qiu Y, Wu G, Zhou J, Cheng C, Shen D, Feng Y, Liu Z, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF, Li H. Stabilizing the Naphthalenediimide Radical within a Tetracationic Cyclophane. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16915-16922. [PMID: 31533428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic radicals are of importance in developing smart materials that have paramagnetic and/or near-infrared optical properties. Their practical applications, however, are limited by the labile nature of the radicals. Here, we demonstrate that by using a tetracationic cyclophane, namely, cyclobis(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bispyridine-p-phenylene) (ExBox4+), to encapsulate a naphthalenediimide (NDI) guest, the redox properties of NDI can be modulated. In organic solvents such as MeCN or DMF, ExBox4+ is able to provide the surrounding Coulombic attraction to the NDI•- radical anion and therefore enhance its stability toward oxidation. In water, NDI•- is prone to dimerization, forming its (NDI•-)2 dimer. Under UV-light irradiation, the (NDI•-)2 dimer is observed to disproportionate and yield the dianionic NDI2-. ExBox4+ is able to encapsulate the NDI•- radical anion and prevent its dimerization, and as a consequence, the radical anion is protected from further reduction in a noncovalent manner. We believe that our strategy of modulating the redox properties of NDI by either host-guest recognition or mechanical interlocking can aid and abet the development of radical-based materials, which could be employed in pursuit of applications in many areas, such as transporting spin and charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jordan N Nelson
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science , Westlake University , 18 Shilongshan Road , Hangzhou 310024 , P. R. China
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China.,School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
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31
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Beldjoudi Y, Narayanan A, Roy I, Pearson TJ, Cetin MM, Nguyen MT, Krzyaniak MD, Alsubaie FM, Wasielewski MR, Stupp SI, Stoddart JF. Supramolecular Tessellations by a Rigid Naphthalene Diimide Triangle. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17783-17795. [PMID: 31526001 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwin Narayanan
- Department of Medicine and Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nanosystems, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Medicine and Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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32
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Zeng H, Liu P, Feng G, Huang F. π-Metalated [15]Paracyclophanes: Synthesis and Binding to Oxo-Anions via Anion−π Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16501-16511. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiren Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Tuo DH, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Benzene Triimide Cage as a Selective Container of Azide. Org Lett 2019; 21:7158-7162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Hui Tuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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34
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Feng X, Liao P, Jiang J, Shi J, Ke Z, Zhang J. Perylene Diimide Based Imine Cages for Inclusion of Aromatic Guest Molecules and Visible‐Light Photocatalysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Peisen Liao
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jingxing Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianying Shi
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
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35
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Mizuno A, Shuku Y, Awaga K. Recent Developments in Molecular Spin Gyroid Research. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asato Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shuku
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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36
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Lv L, Roberts J, Xiao C, Jia Z, Jiang W, Zhang G, Risko C, Zhang L. Triperyleno[3,3,3]propellane triimides: achieving a new generation of quasi- D 3h symmetric nanostructures in organic electronics. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4951-4958. [PMID: 31183043 PMCID: PMC6529848 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00849g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid three-dimensional (3D) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular 3D nanographenes, have garnered interest due to their potential use in semiconductor applications and as models to study through-bond and through-space electronic interactions. Herein we report the development of a novel 3D-symmetric rylene imide building block, triperyleno[3,3,3]propellane triimides (6), that possesses three perylene monoimide subunits fused on a propellane. This building block shows several promising characteristics, including high solubility, large π-surfaces, electron-accepting capabilities, and a variety of reactive sites. Further, the building block is compatible with different reactions to readily yield quasi-D 3h symmetric nanostructures (9, 11, and 13) of varied chemistries. For the 3D nanostructures we observed red-shift absorption maxima and amplification of the absorption coefficients when compared to the individual subunits, indicating intramolecular electronic coupling among the subunits. In addition, the microplates of 9 exhibit comparable mobilities in different directions in the range of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, despite the rather limited intermolecular overlap of the π-conjugated moieties. These findings demonstrate that these quasi-D 3h symmetric rylene imides have potential as 3D nanostructures for a range of materials applications, including in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China .
| | - Josiah Roberts
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhenmei Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China .
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China .
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China .
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37
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Kumar S, Shukla J, Mandal K, Kumar Y, Prakash R, Ram P, Mukhopadhyay P. Doubly zwitterionic, di-reduced, highly electron-rich, air-stable naphthalenediimides: redox-switchable islands of aromatic-antiaromatic states. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6482-6493. [PMID: 31341600 PMCID: PMC6611073 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00962k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The di-reduced state of the naphthalene moiety and its congeners have long captivated chemists as it is elusive to stabilize these intrinsically reactive electron-rich π-systems and for their emergent multifaceted properties. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of two-electron (2e-) reduced, highly electron-rich naphthalenediimides (NDIs). A doubly zwitterionic structure is observed for the first time in a naphthalene moiety and validated by single crystal X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. The synthesis avoids hazardous reducing agents and offers an easy, high-yielding route to bench-stable di-reduced NDIs. Notably, we realized high negative first oxidation potentials of up to -0.730 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in these systems, which establish these systems to be one of the strongest ambient stable electron donors. The study also provides the first insights into the NMR spectra of the di-reduced systems revealing a large decrease in diatropicity of the naphthalene ring compared to its 2e- oxidized form. The NICS, NICS-XY global ring current, gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) and AICD ring current density calculations revealed switching of the antiaromatic and aromatic states at the naphthalene and the imide rings, respectively, in the di-reduced system compared to the 2e- oxidized form. Notably, the substituents at the phosphonium groups significantly tune the antiaromatic-aromatic states and donor ability, and bestow an array of colors to the di-reduced systems by virtue of intramolecular through-space communication with the NDI scaffold. Computational studies showed intramolecular noncovalent interactions to provide additional stability to these unprecedented doubly zwitterionic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Kalyanashis Mandal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Dehi 110067 , India
| | - Panch Ram
- School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Dehi 110067 , India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
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38
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Wang XY, Zhu J, Wang QQ, Ao YF, Wang DX. Anion−π-Directed Self-Assembly between Di- and Trisulfonates and a Rigid Molecular Cage with Three Electron-Deficient V-Clefts. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5980-5987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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39
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Wang Z, Li Y, Liu P, Qi Q, Zhang F, Lu G, Zhao X, Huang X. Few layer covalent organic frameworks with graphene sheets as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5330-5335. [PMID: 30843565 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00088g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted increasing interest for their use as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by virtue of their microporous crystalline structures and robust networks. However, the tightly stacked bulk COFs and their intrinsic low conductivity inevitably result in an inefficient utilization of redox-active sites so as to lower the electrochemical performance. Herein, we proposed a general strategy to improve the energy storage capability of polyimide (PI)-COF based cathode materials, which included the decrease of their stacked layer numbers to a few layers via a mechanical milling method for the efficient utilization of redox-active sites and the incorporation of few-layer COF sheets with chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to increase the charge transfer. The excellent electrochemical performance of the composite few-layer PI-COFs with rGO cathodes indicated that reducing the layer number of COFs and incorporating rGO may pave the way for the successful development of COF-based organic electrodes for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Li B, Wang B, Huang X, Dai L, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C. Terphen[
n
]arenes and Quaterphen[
n
]arenes (
n
=3–6): One‐Pot Synthesis, Self‐Assembly into Supramolecular Gels, and Iodine Capture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3885-3889. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Xiayang Huang
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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41
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Combes S, Tran KT, Ayhan MM, Karoui H, Rockenbauer A, Tonetto A, Monnier V, Charles L, Rosas R, Viel S, Siri D, Tordo P, Clair S, Wang R, Bardelang D, Ouari O. Triangular Regulation of Cucurbit[8]uril 1:1 Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5897-5907. [PMID: 30808163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triangular shapes have inspired scientists over time and are common in nature, such as the flower petals of oxalis triangularis, the triangular faces of tetrahedrite crystals, and the icosahedron faces of virus capsids. Supramolecular chemistry has enabled the construction of triangular assemblies, many of which possess functional features. Among these structures, cucurbiturils have been used to build supramolecular triangles, and we recently reported paramagnetic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) triangles, but the reasons for their formation remain unclear. Several parameters have now been identified to explain their formation. At first sight, the radical nature of the guest was of prime importance in obtaining the triangles, and we focused on extending this concept to biradicals to get supramolecular hexaradicals. Two sodium ions were systematically observed by ESI-MS in trimer structures, and the presence of Na+ triggered or strengthened the triangulation of CB[8]/guest 1:1 complexes in solution. X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling have allowed the proposal of two plausible sites of residence for the two sodium cations. We then found that a diamagnetic guest with an H-bond acceptor function is equally good at forming CB[8] triangles. Hence, a guest molecule containing a ketone function has been precisely triangulated thanks to CB[8] and sodium cations as determined by DOSY-NMR and DLS. A binding constant for the triangulation of 1:1 to 3:3 complexes is proposed. This concept has finally been extended to the triangulation of ditopic guests toward network formation by the reticulation of CB[8] triangles using dinitroxide biradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Combes
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Aix Marseille Univ, UM105 , 13009 Marseille , France
| | | | - Mehmet Menaf Ayhan
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France.,Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , P.K.141 , 41400 Gebze , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box. 286, 1519 Budapest , Hungary.,Department of Physics , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alain Tonetto
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), PRATIM , F-13397 Marseille , France
| | - Valérie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole , Marseille , France
| | | | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole , Marseille , France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France.,Institut Universitaire de France , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France
| | - Paul Tordo
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France
| | - Sylvain Clair
- Aix Marseille Univ, University of Toulon , CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille , France
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau , China
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42
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Kumar S, Malik V, Shukla J, Kumar Y, Bansal D, Chatterjee R, Mukhopadhyay P. Ionic Assembly, Anion–π, Magnetic, and Electronic Attributes of Ambient Stable Naphthalenediimide Radical Ions. Chemistry 2019; 25:4740-4750. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Vikas Malik
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Ratnamala Chatterjee
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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43
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Kodama T, Miyazaki S, Kubo T. Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Triperyleno[3.3.3]Propellanes: Towards Two-Dimensional Electronic Structures. Chempluschem 2019; 84:599-602. [PMID: 31944028 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Threefold symmetric triperyleno[3.3.3]propellanes (TPRPs), which are composed of three perylene units peri-fused on [3.3.3]proppellane, have been synthesized and their electronic properties characterized. Unsubstituted TPRP assembles into two-dimensional honeycomb-like networks. TPRP displays a bathochromic-shifted absorption band in its absorption spectrum and shows well-separated one-electron redox waves in a cyclic voltammogram, due to a homoconjugative interaction between perylene moieties. A radical cation species of tert-butyl substituted TPRP shows spin delocalization over the whole of the molecule, which is derived from effective overlap of HOMOs among three perylene moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 1-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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44
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Li B, Wang B, Huang X, Dai L, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C. Terphen[
n
]arenes and Quaterphen[
n
]arenes (
n
=3–6): One‐Pot Synthesis, Self‐Assembly into Supramolecular Gels, and Iodine Capture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Xiayang Huang
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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45
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Ng AWH, Au‐Yeung HY. Molecular Links and Knots from Naphthalenediimide: A Balance of Weak Interactions. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1602-1612. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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46
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Mohan Nalluri SK, Zhou J, Cheng T, Liu Z, Nguyen MT, Chen T, Patel HA, Krzyaniak MD, Goddard WA, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Discrete Dimers of Redox-Active and Fluorescent Perylene Diimide-Based Rigid Isosceles Triangles in the Solid State. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1290-1303. [PMID: 30537816 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of rigid covalent chiroptical organic materials, with multiple, readily available redox states, which exhibit high photoluminescence, is of particular importance in relation to both organic electronics and photonics. The chemically stable, thermally robust, and redox-active perylene diimide (PDI) fluorophores have received ever-increasing attention owing to their excellent fluorescence quantum yields in solution. Planar PDI derivatives, however, generally suffer from aggregation-caused emission quenching in the solid state. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of two chiral isosceles triangles, wherein one PDI fluorophore and two pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) or naphthalene diimide (NDI) units are arranged in a rigid cyclic triangular geometry. The optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of the rigid isosceles triangles are fully characterized by a combination of optical spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry, and computational modeling techniques. Single-crystal XRD analysis shows that both isosceles triangles form discrete, nearly cofacial PDI-PDI π-dimers in the solid state. While the triangles exhibit fluorescence quantum yields of almost unity in solution, the dimers in the solid state exhibit very weak-yet at least an order of magnitude higher-excimer fluorescence yield in comparison with the almost completely quenched fluorescence of a reference PDI. The triangle containing both NDI and PDI subunits shows superior intramolecular energy transfer from the lowest excited singlet state of the NDI to that of the PDI subunit. Cyclic voltammetry suggests that both isosceles triangles exhibit multiple, easily accessible, and reversible redox states. Applications beckon in arenas related to molecular optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Krishna Mohan Nalluri
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Tao Cheng
- Materials and Process Simulation Center , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science , Westlake University , 18 Shilongshan Road , Hangzhou 310024 , China
| | - Minh T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Hasmukh A Patel
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District , Tianjin 300072 , China.,School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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47
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Luo J, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Diversity-Oriented Construction and Interconversion of Multicavity Supermacrocycles for Cooperative Anion-π Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15827-15831. [PMID: 30295403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
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48
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Luo J, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Diversity-Oriented Construction and Interconversion of Multicavity Supermacrocycles for Cooperative Anion-π Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
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49
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López‐Andarias J, Bauzá A, Sakai N, Frontera A, Matile S. Remote Control of Anion-π Catalysis on Fullerene-Centered Catalytic Triads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10883-10887. [PMID: 29806724 PMCID: PMC6120490 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and evaluation of catalytic triads composed of a central C60 fullerene with an amine base on one side and polarizability enhancers on the other side are reported. According to an enolate addition benchmark reaction, fullerene-fullerene-amine triads display the highest selectivity in anion-π catalysis observed so far, whereas NDI-fullerene-amine triads are not much better than fullerene-amine controls (NDI=naphthalenediimide). These large differences in activity are in conflict with the small differences in intrinsic π acidity, that is, LUMO energy levels and π holes on the central fullerene. However, they are in agreement with the high polarizability of fullerene-fullerene-amine triads. Activation and deactivation of the fullerene-centered triads by intercalators and computational data on anion binding further indicate that for functional relevance, intrinsic π acidity is less important than induced π acidity, that is, the size of the oriented macrodipole of polarizable π systems that emerges only in response to the interaction with anions and anionic transition states. The resulting transformation is thus self-induced, the anionic intermediates and transition states create their own anion-π catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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50
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Wu J, Mu AU, Li B, Wang C, Fang L, Yang Y. Desymmetrized Leaning Pillar[6]arene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC) College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Anthony U. Mu
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843-3255 USA
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843-3255 USA
| | - Ying‐Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC) College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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