1
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Shen P, Jiao S, Zhuang Z, Dong X, Song S, Li J, Tang BZ, Zhao Z. Switchable Dual Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Through-Space Conjugated Chiral Foldamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407605. [PMID: 38698703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic materials with switchable dual circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are highly desired because they can not only directly radiate tunable circularly polarized light themselves but also induce CPL for guests by providing chiral environment in self-assembled structures or serving as the hosts for energy transfer systems. However, most organic molecules only exhibit single CPL and it remains challenging to develop organic molecules with dual CPL. Herein, novel through-space conjugated chiral foldamers are constructed by attaching two biphenyl arms to the 9,10-positions of phenanthrene, and switchable dual CPL with opposite signs at different emission wavelengths are successfully realized in the foldamers containing high-polarizability substitutes (cyano, methylthio and methylsulfonyl). The combined experimental and computational results demonstrate that the intramolecular through-space conjugation has significant contributions to stabilizing the folded conformations. Upon photoexcitation in high-polar solvents, strong interactions between the biphenyl arms substituted with cyano, methylthio or methylsulfonyl and the polar environment induce conformation transformation for the foldamers, resulting in two transformable secondary structures of opposite chirality, accounting for the dual CPL with opposite signs. These findings highlight the important influence of the secondary structures on chiroptical property of the foldamers and pave a new avenue towards efficient and tunable dual CPL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Shen
- South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, CHINA
| | - Shaoshao Jiao
- South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, CHINA
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, CHINA
| | - Xiaobing Dong
- South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, CHINA
| | - Shaoxin Song
- South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, CHINA
| | - Jinshi Li
- South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, CHINA
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen, School of Sciecne and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zujin Zhao
- South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381#, Tianhe, 510640, Guangzhou, CHINA
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2
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Xu D, Li J, Liu L, Tang H. Boosting the Optical Trapping of a Single Virus by Quantum Dots Tagging Increases Virus Polarizability and Trap Stiffness. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:55174-55182. [PMID: 37966372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers use the momentum of photons to capture and manipulate particles in a noncontact way. Although related techniques have been widely used in biology and materials, research on viruses is still relatively limited. It is hard to optically trap viruses because trap stiffness is rather low and the size of viruses is too small. Here, we used an optical tweezers system coupled with a laser confocal fluorescence imaging system, which allows individual viruses to be imaged and trapped in real time and analyzed using multiple parameters in the culture medium. We show that a single virus tagged by quantum dots (QDs) can increase the real part of polarizability, further increasing gradient force and trap stiffness. With this method, we not only can trap and manipulate viruses in real time but also can analyze their interactions with other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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3
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Becker J, Peters JS, Crooks I, Helmi S, Synakewicz M, Schuler B, Kukura P. A Quantitative Description for Optical Mass Measurement of Single Biomolecules. ACS Photonics 2023; 10:2699-2710. [PMID: 37602293 PMCID: PMC10436351 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Label-free detection of single biomolecules in solution has been achieved using a variety of experimental approaches over the past decade. Yet, our understanding of the magnitude of the optical contrast and its relationship with the underlying atomic structure as well as the achievable measurement sensitivity and precision remain poorly defined. Here, we use a Fourier optics approach combined with an atomic structure-based molecular polarizability model to simulate mass photometry experiments from first principles. We find excellent agreement between several key experimentally determined parameters such as optical contrast-to-mass conversion, achievable mass accuracy, and molecular shape and orientation dependence. This allows us to determine detection sensitivity and measurement precision mostly independent of the optical detection approach chosen, resulting in a general framework for light-based single-molecule detection and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Becker
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Jack S. Peters
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Ivor Crooks
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Seham Helmi
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Marie Synakewicz
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kukura
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
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4
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Guo S, Huang X, Situ Y, Huang Q, Guan K, Huang J, Wang W, Bai X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Qiao Z. Interpretable Machine-Learning and Big Data Mining to Predict Gas Diffusivity in Metal-Organic Frameworks. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2301461. [PMID: 37166040 PMCID: PMC10375163 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For gas separation and catalysis by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), gas diffusion has a substantial impact on the process' overall rate, so it is necessary to determine the molecular diffusion behavior within the MOFs. In this study, an interpretable machine learing (ML) model, light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), is trained to predict the molecular diffusivity and selectivity of 9 gases (Kr, Xe, CH4 , N2 , H2 S, O2 , CO2 , H2 , and He). For these 9 gases, LGBM displays high accuracy (average R2 = 0.962) and superior extrapolation for the diffusivity of C2 H6 . And this model calculation is five orders of magnitude faster than molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Subsequently, using the trained LGBM model, an interactive desktop application is developed that can help researchers quickly and accurately calculate the diffusion of molecules in porous crystal materials. Finally, the authors find the difference in the molecular polarizability (ΔPol) is the key factor governing the diffusion selectivity by combining the trained LGBM model with the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP). By the calculation of interpretable ML, the optimal MOFs are selected for separating binary gas mixtures and CO2 methanation. This work provides a new direction for exploring the structure-property relationships of MOFs and realizing the rapid calculation of molecular diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yizhen Situ
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiuhong Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kexin Guan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zili Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yufang Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint Institute of Guangzhou University & Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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5
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Cassingham M, Goh YG, McClure ET, Hodgkins TL, Zhang W, Liang M, Dawlaty JM, Djurovich PI, Haiges R, Halasyamani PS, Savory CN, Thompson ME, Melot BC. Polarizable Anionic Sublattices Can Screen Molecular Dipoles in Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic-Organic Hybrids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18006-18011. [PMID: 36987567 PMCID: PMC10103049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth and photophysical characterization of two polar hybrid lead halide phases, methylenedianiline lead iodide and bromide, (MDA)Pb2I6 and (MDA)Pb2Br6, respectively. The phases crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group Fdd2, which produces a highly oriented molecular dipole moment that gives rise to second harmonic generation (SHG) upon excitation at 1064 nm. While both compositions are isostructural, the size dependence of the SHG signal suggests that the bromide exhibits a stronger phase-matching response whereas the iodide exhibits a significantly weaker non-phase-matching signal. Similarly, fluorescence from (MDA)Pb2Br6 is observed around 630 nm below 75 K whereas only very weak luminescence from (MDA)Pb2I6 can be seen. We attribute the contrasting optical properties to differences in the character of the halide sublattice and postulate that the increased polarizability of the iodide ions acts to screen the local dipole moment, effectively reducing the local electric field in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan
A. Cassingham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yang G. Goh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eric T. McClure
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Taylor L. Hodgkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jahan M. Dawlaty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - P. Shiv Halasyamani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Christopher N. Savory
- Department
of Chemistry and Thomas Young Centre, University
College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Brent C. Melot
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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6
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Díaz-Curiel J, Biosca B, Arévalo-Lomas L, Miguel MJ. A Different Processing of Time-Domain Induced Polarisation: Application for Investigating the Marine Intrusion in a Coastal Aquifer in the SE Iberian Peninsula. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:708. [PMID: 36679505 PMCID: PMC9866768 DOI: 10.3390/s23020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the developments regarding the time-domain induced polarisation method as a supporting tool for resistivity soundings during investigations of coastal detrital aquifers that are salinized by marine intrusion. The interpretation of resistivity measurements in such aquifers, which have variable hydrochemistry and lithology, involves uncertainties owing to the presence of low-resistivity lithologies, such as clays. To reduce these uncertainties, the use of other geophysical parameters is necessary; hence, this study focuses on induced polarisation since it can be measured simultaneously with resistivity. In detail, we propose the determination of induced polarisation using 1D techniques while developing a different algorithm for processing the induced polarisation data. The aim is to extend the results of this phenomenon, using, instead of chargeability, the concepts of polarisability and decay time, which are extracted from the decay curve, given that they represent more intrinsic properties of the various analyzed subsurface media. Results were obtained by applying this methodology to a Quaternary aquifer of the Costa del Sol in the SE Iberian Peninsula (in the province of Almería) during two different campaigns, one in mid-autumn and one late winter (i.e., in October and February, respectively) are presented. The results reveal the position of the saline front during each campaign while reflecting the seasonal movement of the marine intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Díaz-Curiel
- Department of Energy and Fuels, School of Mines and Energy, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Biosca
- Department of Energy and Fuels, School of Mines and Energy, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Arévalo-Lomas
- Department of Energy and Fuels, School of Mines and Energy, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Miguel
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación España, Paseo de la Castellana 162, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Chołuj M, Lipkowski P, Bartkowiak W. HeH + under Spatial Confinement. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248997. [PMID: 36558130 PMCID: PMC9787572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of spatial confinement on the bond length as well as dipole moment, polarizability and (hyper)polarizabilities of HeH+ ion was analyzed. The effect of spatial confinement was modelled by cylindrically symmetric harmonic oscillator potential, that can be used to mimic high pressure conditions. Based on the conducted research it was found that the spatial confinement significantly affects the investigated properties. Increasing the confinement strength leads to a substantial decrease of their values. This work may be of particular interest for astrochemistry as HeH+ is believed to be the first compound to form in the Universe.
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8
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Acar M, Tatini D, Ninham BW, Rossi F, Marchettini N, Lo Nostro P. The Lyotropic Nature of Halates: An Experimental Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238519. [PMID: 36500616 PMCID: PMC9739596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unlike halides, where the kosmotropicity decreases from fluoride to iodide, the kosmotropic nature of halates apparently increases from chlorate to iodate, in spite of the lowering in the static ionic polarizability. In this paper, we present an experimental study that confirms the results of previous simulations. The lyotropic nature of aqueous solutions of sodium halates, i.e., NaClO3, NaBrO3, and NaIO3, is investigated through density, conductivity, viscosity, and refractive index measurements as a function of temperature and salt concentration. From the experimental data, we evaluate the activity coefficients and the salt polarizability and assess the anions' nature in terms of kosmotropicity/chaotropicity. The results clearly indicate that iodate behaves as a kosmotrope, while chlorate is a chaotrope, and bromate shows an intermediate nature. This experimental study confirms that, in the case of halates XO3-, the kosmotropic-chaotropic ranking reverses with respect to halides. We also discuss and revisit the role of the anion's polarizability in the interpretation of Hofmeister phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Acar
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Duccio Tatini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Barry W. Ninham
- Materials Physics (Formerly Department of Applied Mathematics), Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- School of Science, University of New South Wales, Northcott Drive, Campbell, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nadia Marchettini
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-4573010
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Batool F, Irfan A, Al-Hussain SA, Al-Farraj ES, Iqbal S, Akbar J, Noreen S, Akhtar T, Iqbal T, Zaki MEA. Development of Ion Character Property Relationship (IC-PR) for Removal of 13-Metal Ions by Employing a Novel Green Adsorbent Aerva javanica. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238213. [PMID: 36500307 PMCID: PMC9741335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel Aerva javanica absorbent was applied for the removal of thirteen selected metal ions from a distilled water solution of each metal by the batch adsorption method. The optimization remediation parameters of the metal ions for the batch adsorption approach were developed, which were the initial concentrations (60 ppm), contact time (60 min) and pH (7). The basic properties of metal ion affected the adsorption results; therefore, 21 properties of metal ions were selected, which are called "descriptors". The most significant descriptors were selected that were vital for the adsorption results, such as covalent index, polarizability and ion charge. The developed model equation by the descriptors provided more than 80% accuracy in the predicted results. Furthermore, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were also applied on the results. Constants of the Freundlich and Langmuir models were also used for model generation, and the results revealed the importance of a covalent index for the removal phenomenon of metal ions. The current study provided a suitable Ion Character Property Relationship (IC-PR) for the removal of metal ions, and future predictions can be achieved on the proposed adsorbent with significant accuracy. The ecofriendly and cost effective Aerva javanica absorbent in the batch experimental model of the current study predicted that this novel absorbent can be used for the removal of a wide spectrum of heavy metal ions from different sources of waste waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.E.A.Z.); Tel.: +9-234-4747-4109 (F.B.)
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida S. Al-Farraj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Jauharabad Campus, Lahore 41200, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Taslim Akhtar
- Govt. Associate College for Women, Mandi Bahauddine 50400, Pakistan
| | - Tunzeel Iqbal
- The Rawalpindi Women University Rawalpindi, Rawalpinfi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.E.A.Z.); Tel.: +9-234-4747-4109 (F.B.)
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10
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Ghosh S, Banerjee-Ghosh K, Levy D, Scheerer D, Riven I, Shin J, Gray HB, Naaman R, Haran G. Control of protein activity by photoinduced spin polarized charge reorganization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204735119. [PMID: 35994638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204735119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable electric fields are present within living cells, and the role of bioelectricity has been well established at the organismal level. Yet much remains to be learned about electric-field effects on protein function. Here, we use phototriggered charge injection from a site-specifically attached ruthenium photosensitizer to directly demonstrate the effect of dynamic charge redistribution within a protein. We find that binding of an antibody to phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is increased twofold under illumination. Remarkably, illumination is found to suppress the enzymatic activity of PGK by a factor as large as three. These responses are sensitive to the photosensitizer position on the protein. Surprisingly, left (but not right) circularly polarized light elicits these responses, indicating that the electrons involved in the observed dynamics are spin polarized, due to spin filtration by protein chiral structures. Our results directly establish the contribution of electrical polarization as an allosteric signal within proteins. Future experiments with phototriggered charge injection will allow delineation of charge rearrangement pathways within proteins and will further depict their effects on protein function.
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11
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Post N, Bender F, Josse F, Yaz EE, Ricco AJ. Identification and Quantitation of Aqueous Single- and Multianalyte Solutions of the Isomers Ethylbenzene, m-, p-, and o-Xylene Using a Single Specifically Tailored Sensor Coating and Estimation Theory-Based Signal Processing. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2379-2386. [PMID: 35894870 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The isomer-specific detection and quantitation of m-, p-, and o-xylene and ethylbenzene, dissolved singly and as mixtures in aqueous solutions at concentrations from 100 to 1200 ppb by volume, is reported for a specifically designed polymer-plasticizer coating on a shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) device. The polystyrene-ditridecyl phthalate-blend coating was designed utilizing Hansen solubility parameters and considering the dipole moment and polarizability of the analytical targets and coating components to optimize the affinity of the sensor coating for the four chemical isomers. The two key coating sorption properties, sensitivity and response time constant, are determined by the (slightly different) dipole moments and polarizabilities of the four target analytes: as analyte dipole moment decreases, coating sensitivity increases; as analyte polarizability decreases, coating response time lengthens. Using the measured sensitivities and time constants for the targets, sensor signals were processed with exponentially weighted recursive-least-squares estimation (EW-RLSE) to identify (with near 100% accuracy) and quantify (with ± 5-7% accuracy) the isomers. This impressive performance was achieved by combining the specifically tailored, high-sensitivity coating and an SH-SAW platform (yielding a detection limit of 5 ppb for the analytes) and using the EW-RLS estimator, which estimates unknown parameters accurately even in the presence of measurement noise and for analytes with only minor differences in response. Identification of the xylene isomers is important for applications including environmental monitoring and chemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Post
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Florian Bender
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Fabien Josse
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Edwin E Yaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Antonio J Ricco
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4075, United States
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12
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Comin M, Fratini S, Blase X, D'Avino G. Doping-Induced Dielectric Catastrophe Prompts Free-Carrier Release in Organic Semiconductors. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2105376. [PMID: 34647372 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The control over material properties attainable through molecular doping is essential to many technological applications of organic semiconductors, such as organic light-emitting diodes or thermoelectrics. These excitonic semiconductors typically reach the degenerate limit only at impurity concentrations of 5-10%, a phenomenon that has been put in relation with the strong Coulomb binding between charge carriers and ionized dopants, and whose comprehension remained elusive so far. This study proposes a general mechanism for the release of carriers at finite doping in terms of collective screening phenomena. A multiscale model for the dielectric properties of doped organic semiconductor is set up by combining first principles and microelectrostatic calculations. The results predict a large nonlinear enhancement of the dielectric constant (tenfold at 8% load) as the system approaches a dielectric instability (catastrophe) upon increasing doping. This can be attributed to the presence of highly polarizable host-dopant complexes, plus a nontrivial leading contribution from dipolar interactions in the disordered and heterogeneous system. The enhanced screening in the material drastically reduces the (free) energy barriers for electron-hole separation, rationalizing the possibility for thermal charge release. The proposed mechanism is consistent with conductivity data and sets the basis for achieving higher conductivities at lower doping loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Comin
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - Simone Fratini
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - Xavier Blase
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - Gabriele D'Avino
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38042, France
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13
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Lynch CI, Klesse G, Rao S, Tucker SJ, Sansom MSP. Water Nanoconfined in a Hydrophobic Pore: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Transmembrane Protein 175 and the Influence of Water Models. ACS Nano 2021; 15:19098-19108. [PMID: 34784172 PMCID: PMC7612143 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Water molecules within biological ion channels are in a nanoconfined environment and therefore exhibit behaviors which differ from that of bulk water. Here, we investigate the phenomenon of hydrophobic gating, the process by which a nanopore may spontaneously dewet to form a "vapor lock" if the pore is sufficiently hydrophobic and/or narrow. This occurs without steric occlusion of the pore. Using molecular dynamics simulations with both rigid fixed-charge and polarizable (AMOEBA) force fields, we investigate this wetting/dewetting behavior in the transmembrane protein 175 ion channel. We examine how a range of rigid fixed-charge and polarizable water models affect wetting/dewetting in both the wild-type structure and in mutants chosen to cover a range of nanopore radii and pore-lining hydrophobicities. Crucially, we find that the rigid fixed-charge water models lead to similar wetting/dewetting behaviors, but that the polarizable water model resulted in an increased wettability of the hydrophobic gating region of the pore. This has significant implications for molecular simulations of nanoconfined water, as it implies that polarizability may need to be included if we are to gain detailed mechanistic insights into wetting/dewetting processes. These findings are of importance for the design of functionalized biomimetic nanopores (e.g., sensing or desalination) as well as for furthering our understanding of the mechanistic processes underlying biological ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte I. Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3QU
| | - Gianni Klesse
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3PU
| | - Shanlin Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3QU
| | - Stephen J. Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3PU
| | - Mark S. P. Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3QU
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14
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Alarfaji SS, Hussain S, Al-Sehemi AG, Muhammad S, Khan IU, Rabbani F, Gilani MA, Ullah H. Synthesis, characterization, and computational study of copper bipyridine complex [Cu (C 18H 24N 2) (NO 3) 2] to explore its functional properties. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 77:241-251. [PMID: 34856089 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, copper (II) complex of 4, 4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine [Cu (C18H24N2) (NO3)2], 1 is investigated through its synthesis and characterization using elemental analysis technique, infra-red spectroscopy, and single-crystal analysis. The compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P212121. The copper atom in the mononuclear complex is hexa coordinated through two nitrogen and four oxygen atoms from bipyridine ligand and nitrate ligands. The thermal analysis depicts the stability of the entitled compound up to 170 °C, and the decomposition takes place in different steps between 170 and 1000 °C. Furthermore, quantum chemical techniques are used to study optoelectronic, nonlinear optical, and therapeutic bioactivity. The values of isotropic and anisotropic linear polarizabilities of compound 1 are calculated as 41.65 × 10-24 and 23.02 × 10-24 esu, respectively. Likewise, the static hyperpolarizability is calculated as 47.92 × 10-36 esu using M06 functional compared with para-nitroaniline (p-NA) and found several times larger than p-NA. Furthermore, the antiviral potential of compound 1 is studied using molecular docking technique where intermolecular interactions are checked between the entitled compound and two crucial proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Our investigation indicated that compound 1 interacts more vigorously to spike protein than main protease (MPro) due to its better binding energy of -9.60 kcal/mol compared with -9.10 kcal/mol of MPro. Our current study anticipated that the above-entitled coordination complexes could be potential candidates for optoelectronic properties and their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh S Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali 42200, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rabbani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan
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15
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Li L, Zhang J, Yang C, Huang L, Zhang J, Bai J, Redshaw C, Feng X, Cao C, Huo N, Li J, Tang BZ. Stimuli-Responsive Materials from Ferrocene-Based Organic Small Molecule for Wearable Sensors. Small 2021; 17:e2103125. [PMID: 34612010 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive crystals capable of energy conversion have emerged as promising materials for smart sensors, actuators, wearable devices, and robotics. Here, a novel ferrocene-based organic molecule crystal (Fc-Cz) that possesses anisotropic piezoelectric, optical, and mechanical properties is reported. It is demonstrated that the new crystal Fc-Cz can be used as an ultrasensitive piezoelectric material in fabricating strain sensors. The flexible sensor made of crystal Fc-Cz can detect small strains/deformations and motions with a fast response speed. Analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) indicates that an external pressure can affect the dipole moment by changing the molecular configuration of the asymmetric single crystal Fc-Cz in the crystalline state, leading to a change of polarity, and thereby an enhanced dielectric constant. This work demonstrates a new artificial organic small molecule for high-performance tactile sensors, indicating its great potential for developing low-cost flexible wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Le Huang
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Xing Feng
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Cao
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nengjie Huo
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P.R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Hight-Huf N, Nagar Y, Levi A, Pagaduan JN, Datar A, Katsumata R, Emrick T, Ramasubramaniam A, Naveh D, Barnes MD. Polarization-Driven Asymmetric Electronic Response of Monolayer Graphene to Polymer Zwitterions Probed from Both Sides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:47945-47953. [PMID: 34607423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the nature of graphene surface doping by zwitterionic polymers and the implications of weak in-plane and strong through-plane screening using a novel sample geometry that allows direct access to either the graphene or the polymer side of a graphene/polymer interface. Using both Kelvin probe and electrostatic force microscopies, we observed a significant upshift in the Fermi level in graphene of ∼260 meV that was dominated by a change in polarizability rather than pure charge transfer with the organic overlayer. This physical picture is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which describe a redistribution of charge in graphene in response to the dipoles of the adsorbed zwitterionic moieties, analogous to a local DC Stark effect. Strong metallic-like screening of the adsorbed dipoles was observed by employing an inverted geometry, an effect identified by DFT to arise from a strongly asymmetric redistribution of charge confined to the side of graphene proximal to the zwitterion dipoles. Transport measurements confirm n-type doping with no significant impact on carrier mobility, thus demonstrating a route to desirable electronic properties in devices that combine graphene with lithographically patterned polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hight-Huf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yehiel Nagar
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Adi Levi
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - James Nicolas Pagaduan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Avdhoot Datar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Reika Katsumata
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ashwin Ramasubramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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17
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Wang S, Luo Z, Liang J, Peng S, Hu J, He J, Li Q. Nanoscale mapping of electric polarizability in a heterogeneous dielectric material with surface irregularities. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:505711. [PMID: 34525468 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac26ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale mapping of electric polarizability in a heterogeneous dielectric material with surface irregularities is of scientific and technical significance, but remains challenging. Here, we present an approach based on intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) in conjunction with finite element computation for precise and high-resolution mapping of polarizability in dielectric materials. Instead of using electrostatic force in conventional quantitative EFM approaches, the force gradient is acquired to achieve an unprecedented spatial resolution. In the meantime, the finite element model is applied to eliminate the interference from the heterogeneity and surface irregularity of the sample. This approach directly reveals the high polarization ability of the amorphous region in a ferroelectric, semi-crystalline polymer with significant surface roughness, i.e. poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene), in which the result is consistent with the predicted data in the latest research. This work presenting a quantitative approach to nanoscale mapping of electric polarizability with unprecedented spatial resolution may help to reveal the complex property-structure correlation in heterogeneous dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
With the expanding commercial availability of gas-phase separation systems that incorporate gas-phase mobility, there is a concurrent rise in efforts to cast the gas-phase mobility coefficient in terms of an ion-neutral collision cross-section (CCS). The motivating factors for this trend are varied, but many aim to complement experimental results with computationally generated CCS values from in silico structural approximations. Unfortunately, the current paradigm for relating experimental mobility results to computationally derived structures relies upon empirical approaches, including a myriad of variables that do not realistically bound the comparison. In this Critical Insight, we advocate for the development of a self-consistent experimental and computational framework that uses laboratory results to constrain the scope of the modeling effort. This paper aims to prompt discussion, challenge assumptions, and promote the development of more efficient, accurate computational techniques within the gas-phase ion measurement community. Specifically, we postulate whether experimental deviations from Langevin's polarization limit (Kpol) are suitable to estimate the relative contributions of hard-sphere collisions and long-range interactions within CCS values. Not surprisingly, different molecule classes exhibit different trends in the K/Kpol ratio when normalized for reduced mass, and the most common IMS calibrants (e.g., tune mix, polyalanine, tetraalkylammonium salts) follow different polarizability trends than many of the analytes probed in the literature. Succinctly, if gas-phase ion structure is largely invariant based upon the colliding neutral and newly developed experimental efforts can quantitatively capture ion polarizability, then modeling efforts describing a target analyte must be self-consistent as the collision neutral is changed in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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19
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Deepa P, Thirumeignanam D. Understanding the impact of anticancer halogenated inhibitors and various functional groups (X = Cl, F, CF 3, CH 3, NH 2, OH, H) of casein kinase 2 (CK2). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:5036-5052. [PMID: 33375908 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1866075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Main focus of study is to understand potency of halogen (X = Br) atom that exists in tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) derivatives of crystal CK2 ligand along with hinge region amino acids (VAL45, PHE113, GLU114, VAL116, ASN118) through interaction energy analysis. In turn to attain profound insight on nature of stabilization of core CK2 ligands: 1ZOE-L1, 1ZOG-L2, 1ZOH-L3, 2OXX-L4, 2OXY-L5, 3KXG-L6, 3KXH-L7 -L7 and 3KXM-L8, having four bromine atoms, we attempted to mutate all bromine (X = Br) atoms by various functional groups (X = Cl, F, CF3, CH3, NH2, OH, H) and binding strength along with amino acids was calculated. Most stable ligands exist in mutated NH2 functional groups: 1ZOG-L2, 1ZOH-L3, 2OXX-L4, 3KXM-L8 having interaction energy as -5.21, -14.87, -6.69 and -11.72 kcal/mol respectively, revealing strong binding strength. Second most stable mutated Cl functional group ligands also play a major role in 1ZOH-L3, 2OXX-L4 and 3KXM-L8 having interaction energy as -6.89, -5.37, and -10.48 kcal/mol respectively. Overall, this study will pave way for crystal growth and medicinal chemist to have cleared perceptive about structural properties of CK2 halogenated ligands with new insight on CK2 mutated functional group ligands. Further, it insists us to reuse existing CK2 crystal ligand with more preferable suggested binding contacts in course of new functional groups that lead to anticancer affinity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Deepa
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Duraisamy Thirumeignanam
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli, India
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Mousavi M, Oldham D, Fini EH. Using Fundamental Material Properties to Predict the Moisture Susceptibility of the Asphalt Binder: Polarizability and a Moisture-Induced Shear-Thinning Index. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:7399-7407. [PMID: 35019483 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many biomodifiers have recently been introduced to the asphalt industry to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures, rejuvenate aged asphalt, and/or partially replace asphalt binder. It is critical to screen these biomodifiers for their susceptibility to moisture damage before they are used in construction. This study develops a computational approach and a laboratory technique to predict the moisture susceptibility of modifiers used in asphalt binder mixtures. The computational approach uses the "polarizability" factor, which is one of the conceptual descriptors in density functional theory. Polarizability is indicative of the formation of instantaneous dipoles that are oriented in the applied field. A lower polarizability indicates a lower propensity of the chemical species to interact with other species in their chemical environment. The laboratory method defines a moisture-induced shear-thinning index. Moisture-induced shear-thinning measures the loss of interfacial bonds between the asphalt binder and siliceous surfaces due to water exposure. Both proposed indicators are used to evaluate and compare biomodifiers from four sources: waste vegetable oil, swine manure, algae, and a co-liquefied blend of swine manure and algae. In a comparative study, waste vegetable oil with a high content of long-chain alkanes and fatty acids showed the highest polarizability and the highest moisture-induced shear-thinning index, indicating the highest susceptibility to moisture damage. In contrast, the chemical composition of the biomodifier produced from the co-liquefaction of swine manure and algae showed the lowest polarizability and the lowest moisture-induced shear-thinning index, indicating the highest resistance to moisture damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mousavi
- Arizona State University, 660 S. College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Daniel Oldham
- Arizona State University, 660 S. College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Elham H Fini
- Arizona State University, 660 S. College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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Stavrou K, Franca LG, Monkman AP. Photophysics of TADF Guest-Host Systems: Introducing the Idea of Hosting Potential. ACS Appl Electron Mater 2020; 2:2868-2881. [PMID: 32984822 PMCID: PMC7513578 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.0c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) donor-acceptor (D-A) molecule, DMAC-TRZ, is used as a TADF emitter "probe" to distinguish the environmental effects of a range of solid-state host materials in guest-host systems. Using the guest's photophysical behavior in solution as a benchmark, a comprehensive study using a variety of typical TADF organic light-emitting diode hosts with different characteristics provides a clearer understanding of guest-host interactions and what affects emitter performance in solid state. We investigate which are the key host characteristics that directly affect charge-transfer (CT) state energy and singlet triplet energy gaps. Using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, we use the CT state energy distribution obtained from the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the emission band and correlate this with other photophysical properties such as the apparent dynamic red shift of CT emission on-set to estimate the disorder-induced heterogeneity of D-A dihedral angles and singlet triplet gaps. Further, the delayed emission stabilization energy value and time-dependent CT band fwhm are shown to be related to a combination of host's rigidity, emitter molecule packing, and the energy difference between guest and host lowest energy triplet states. Concentration dependence studies show that emitter dimerization/aggregation can improve as well as reduce emission efficiency depending on the characteristics of the host. Two similar host materials, mCPCN and mCBPCN, with optimum host characteristics show completely different behaviors, and their hosting potential is extensively explored. We demonstrate that type I and type III TADF emitters behave differently in the same host and that the materials with intrinsic small ΔE ST have the smallest disorder-induced CT energy and reverse intersystem crossing rate dispersion. We also present an optimized method to define the actual triplet energy of a guest-host system, a crucial parameter in understanding the overall mechanism of the TADF efficiency of the system.
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22
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Erickson ME, Ngongang M, Rasulev B. A Refractive Index Study of a Diverse Set of Polymeric Materials by QSPR with Quantum-Chemical and Additive Descriptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173772. [PMID: 32825028 PMCID: PMC7503810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the activities and properties of materials via in silico methods has been shown to be a cost- and time-effective way of aiding chemists in synthesizing materials with desired properties. Refractive index (n) is one of the most important defining characteristics of an optical material. Presented in this work is a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model that was developed to predict the refractive index for a diverse set of polymers. A number of models were created, where a four-variable model showed the best predictive performance with R2 = 0.904 and Q2LOO = 0.897. The robustness and predictability of the best model was validated using the leave-one-out technique, external set and y-scrambling methods. The predictive ability of the model was confirmed with the external set, showing the R2ext = 0.880. For the refractive index, the ionization potential, polarizability, 2D and 3D geometrical descriptors were the most influential properties. The developed model was transparent and mechanistically explainable and can be used in the prediction of the refractive index for new and untested polymers.
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23
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Ali A, Ashraf MA, Minhas QA, Naqvi QA, Baqir MA, Choudhury PK. On the Core-Shell Nanoparticle in Fractional Dimensional Space. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2400. [PMID: 32456035 PMCID: PMC7288031 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of core-shell nanoparticles has been greatly exciting in biomedical applications, as this remains of prime importance in targeted drug delivery, sensing, etc. In the present work, the polarizability and scattering features of nanoparticles comprised of nano-sized dielectric/metallic core-shell structures were investigated in the fractional dimensional (FD) space, which essentially relates to the confinement of charged particles. For this purpose, three different kinds of metals-namely aluminum, gold and silver-were considered to form the shell, having a common silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticle as the core. It is noteworthy that the use of noble metal-SiO2 mediums interface remains ideal to realize surface plasmon resonance. The core-shell nanoparticles were considered to have dimensions smaller than the operating wavelength. Under such conditions, the analyses of polarizability and the scattering and absorption cross-sections, and also, the extinction coefficients were taken up under Rayleigh scattering mechanism, emphasizing the effects of a varying FD parameter. Apart from these, the tuning of resonance peaks and the magnitude of surface plasmons due to FD space parameter were also analyzed. It was found that the increase of FD space parameter generally results in blue-shifts in the resonance peaks. Apart from this, the usage of gold and silver shells brings in fairly large shifts in the peak positions of wavelengths, which allows them to be more suitable for a biosensing purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ali
- Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (Q.A.M.); (Q.A.N.)
| | - M. A. Ashraf
- Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (Q.A.M.); (Q.A.N.)
| | - Q. A. Minhas
- Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (Q.A.M.); (Q.A.N.)
| | - Q. A. Naqvi
- Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (Q.A.M.); (Q.A.N.)
| | - M. A. Baqir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sahiwal Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 57000, Pakistan;
| | - P. K. Choudhury
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
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Maggard PA, Cheng X, Deng S, Whangbo MH. Physical Properties of Molecules and Condensed Materials Governed by Onsite Repulsion, Spin-Orbit Coupling and Polarizability of Their Constituent Atoms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040867. [PMID: 32079082 PMCID: PMC7070676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The onsite repulsion, spin-orbit coupling and polarizability of elements and their ions play important roles in controlling the physical properties of molecules and condensed materials. In celebration of the 150th birthday of the periodic table this year, we briefly review how these parameters affect the physical properties and are interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Maggard
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (S.D.); (M.-H.W.); Tel.: +1-919-515-3610 (P.A.M.); +86-0591-6317-3252 (S.D.); +1-919-515-3464 (M.-H.W.)
| | - Xiyue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Shuiquan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (S.D.); (M.-H.W.); Tel.: +1-919-515-3610 (P.A.M.); +86-0591-6317-3252 (S.D.); +1-919-515-3464 (M.-H.W.)
| | - Myung-Hwan Whangbo
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (S.D.); (M.-H.W.); Tel.: +1-919-515-3610 (P.A.M.); +86-0591-6317-3252 (S.D.); +1-919-515-3464 (M.-H.W.)
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25
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Otipka P, Vlček J. Shape Dependent EMA Model of Nanostructured Anisotropic Materials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1380. [PMID: 31561581 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nanostructures containing nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes have attracted significant attention in the development of nano-biosensors. Especially, plasmonic properties of such materials are advantageously exploited for the detection of biological and chemical substances. Since these media exhibit optical anisotropy, a valid homogenization procedure must be able to describe appropriately the relationship between the geometry of the inclusions and the nature of local field modes. We present a model approach for extension of the effective medium approximation (EMA) and its application to anisotropic nanostructures. The proposed model is based on a “strong-couple-dipole” (SCD) method including a volume-integral correction term in a Green tensor that enables to obtain more accurate representation of polarizability tensor. Derived depolarization factors for discs and bi-cone particles are compared with the early known shapes (spheroids, cylinders) and applied to nanostructures composed of the Fe or Au nanodots in polyacrylate.
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26
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Abstract
Using a novel method developed to quantify the polarizability of photoluminescent nanoparticles in water, we present experimental observations of the extraordinary polarizability exhibited by nanoparticles of commensurate size with the Debye screening length, confirming previously reported theory. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are ideal model nanoparticles to demonstrate this assay, due to their tunable size and bright photoluminescence. This assay is based upon microfluidic chambers with microelectrodes that generate trapping potentials that are weaker than thermal energy. By comparing the local electric field strength and variations in QD concentration, their polarizability was computed and found to agree with estimates based upon the hydrodynamic diameter found using light scattering. Strikingly, the polarizability of the nanoparticles increased 30-fold in low salt conditions compared to high salt conditions due to the increased thickness of the Debye layer relative to the particle radius. In addition to providing evidence that corroborates theoretical work studying direct solutions to the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, these observations provide an explanation for the previously observed conductivity dependence of biomolecule polarizability. As the polarizability of nanoparticles is of high importance to the electrically directed assembly of particles, as well as their interactions with other materials in complex environments, we anticipate that these results will be highly relevant to ongoing efforts in materials by design and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Margaret Chern
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Allison M. Dennis
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Keith A. Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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27
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Gil-Guerrero S, Otero N, Queizán M, Mandado Alonso M. Potential Application of h-BNC Structures in SERS and SEHRS Spectroscopies: A Theoretical Perspective. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1896. [PMID: 31010075 DOI: 10.3390/s19081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the electronic and optical properties of hybrid boron-nitrogen-carbon structures (h-BNCs) with embedded graphene nanodisks are investigated. Their molecular affinity is explored using pyridine as model system and comparing the results with the corresponding isolated graphene nanodisks. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis of the electronic excited states was performed in the complexes in order to characterize possible surface and charge transfer resonances in the UV region. Static and dynamic (hyper)polarizabilities were calculated with coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham theory (CPKS) and the linear and nonlinear optical responses of the complexes were analyzed in detail using laser excitation wavelengths available for (Hyper)Raman experiments and near-to-resonance excitation wavelengths. Enhancement factors around 103 and 108 were found for the polarizability and first order hyperpolarizability, respectively. The quantum chemical simulations performed in this work point out that nanographenes embedded within hybrid h-BNC structures may serve as good platforms for enhancing the (Hyper)Raman activity of organic molecules immobilized on their surfaces and for being employed as substrates in surface enhanced (Hyper)Raman scattering (SERS and SEHRS). Besides the better selectivity and improved signal-to-noise ratio of pristine graphene with respect to metallic surfaces, the confinement of the optical response in these hybrid h-BNC systems leads to strong localized surface resonances in the UV region. Matching these resonances with laser excitation wavelengths would solve the problem of the small enhancement factors reported in Raman experiments using pristine graphene. This may be achieved by tuning the size/shape of the embedded nanographene structure.
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Abstract
For more than 150 years, the structure of the periodic system of the chemical elements has intensively motivated research in different areas of chemistry and physics. However, there is still no unified picture of what a periodic system is. Herein, based on the relations of order and similarity, we report a formal mathematical structure for the periodic system, which corresponds to an ordered hypergraph. It is shown that the current periodic system of chemical elements is an instance of the general structure. The definition is used to devise a tailored periodic system of polarizability of single covalent bonds, where order relationships are quantified within subsets of similar bonds and among these classes. The generalized periodic system allows envisioning periodic systems in other disciplines of science and humanities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Leal
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guillermo Restrepo
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Verzhbitskiy I, Vella D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Eda G. Suppressed Out-of-Plane Polarizability of Free Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2. ACS Nano 2019; 13:3218-3224. [PMID: 30768242 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer semiconductors are atomically thin quantum wells with strong confinement of electrons in a two-dimensional (2D) plane. Here, we experimentally study the out-of-plane polarizability of excitons in hBN-encapsulated monolayer WSe2 in strong electric fields of up to 1.6 V/nm (16 MV/cm). We monitor free exciton photoluminescence peaks with increasing electric fields at a constant carrier density, carefully compensating for unintentional photodoping in our double-gated device at 4 K. We show that the Stark shift is smaller than 0.4 meV despite the large electric fields applied, yielding an upper limit of polarizability α z to be ∼10-11 Dm/V. Such a small polarizability, which is nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the previously reported value for MoS2, indicates strong atomic confinement of electrons in this 2D system and highlights the unusual robustness of free excitons against surface potential fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Verzhbitskiy
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117551 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Daniele Vella
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117551 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Material Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Material Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117551 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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30
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Abstract
The principles and techniques of primary refractive-index gas thermometry (RIGT) are reviewed. Absolute primary RIGT using microwave measurements of helium-filled quasispherical resonators has been implemented at the temperatures of the triple points of neon, oxygen, argon and water, with relative standard uncertainties ranging from 9.1 × 10-6 to 3.5 × 10-5. Researchers are now also using argon-filled cylindrical microwave resonators for RIGT near ambient temperature, with relative standard uncertainties between 3.8 × 10-5 and 4.6 × 10-5, and conducting relative RIGT measurements on isobars at low temperatures. RIGT at optical frequencies is progressing, and has been used to perform a Boltzmann constant measurement at room temperature with a relative standard uncertainty of 1.2 × 10-5. Uncertainty budgets from implementations of absolute primary microwave RIGT, relative primary microwave RIGT and absolute primary optical RIGT are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Gaiser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bo Gao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniele Madonna Ripa
- Applied Metrology and Engineering Division, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Michael R Moldover
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8360, United States of America
| | - Laurent Pitre
- Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie LNE-Cnam (LCM), 93210 La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Robin J Underwood
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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31
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Pellicer-Alborch K, Angersbach A, Neubauer P, Junne S. Electrooptical Determination of Polarizability for On-Line Viability and Vitality Quantification of Lactobacillus plantarum Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:188. [PMID: 30564571 PMCID: PMC6289024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid assessment of cell viability is crucial for process optimization, e.g., during media selection, determination of optimal environmental growth conditions and for quality control. In the present study, the cells' electric anisotropy of polarizability (AP) as well as the mean cell length in Lactobacillus plantarum batch and fed-batch fermentations were monitored with electrooptical measurements coupled to fully automated sample preparation. It was examined, whether this measurement can be related to the cells' metabolic activity, and thus represents a suitable process analytical technology. It is demonstrated that the AP is an early indicator to distinguish between suitable and unsuitable growth conditions in case of a poor energy regeneration or cell membrane defects in L. plantarum batch and fed-batch cultivations. It was shown that the applied method allowed the monitoring of physiological and morphological changes of cells in various growth phases in response to a low pH-value, substrate concentration changes, temperature alterations, exposure to air and nutrient limitation. An optimal range for growth in batch mode was achieved, if the AP remained above 25·10−28 F·m2 and the mean cell length at ~2.5 μm. It was further investigated, in which way the AP develops after freeze-drying of samples, which were taken in different cultivation phases. It was found that the AP increased most rapidly in resuspended samples from the retardation and late stationary phases, while samples from the early stationary phase recovered slowly. Electrooptical measurements provide valuable information about the physiologic and morphologic state of L. plantarum cells, e.g., when applied as starter cultures or as probiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Pellicer-Alborch
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Junne
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Baghbanzadeh M, Pieters PF, Yuan L, Collison D, Whitesides GM. The Rate of Charge Tunneling in EGaIn Junctions Is Not Sensitive to Halogen Substituents at the Self-Assembled Monolayer//Ga 2O 3 Interface. ACS Nano 2018; 12:10221-10230. [PMID: 30226988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes experiments that are designed to test the influence of terminal groups incorporating carbon-halogen bonds on the current density (by hole tunneling) across self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based junctions of the form MTS/S(CH2)9NHCOCH nX3- n//Ga2O3/EGaIn (where M = Ag and Au and X = CH3, F, Cl, Br, I). Within the limits of statistical significance, these rates of tunneling are insensitive to the nature of the terminal group at the interface between the SAM and the Ga2O3. The results are relevant to the origin of an apparent inconsistency in the literature concerning the influence of halogen atoms at the SAM//electrode interface on the tunneling current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Priscilla F Pieters
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Darrell Collison
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology , Harvard University 29 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering , 60 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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33
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Lousada CM, Johansson AJ, Korzhavyi PA. Adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide, Hydrosulfide and Sulfide at Cu(110) - Polarizability and Cooperativity Effects. First Stages of Formation of a Sulfide Layer. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2159-2168. [PMID: 29797487 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the surface site preference for single adsorbates, the interactions between adsorbates, how these interactions affect surface site specificity in adsorption and perturb the electronic states of surfaces is important for rationalizing the structure of interfaces and the growth of surface products. Herein, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we investigated the adsorption of H2 S, HS and, S onto Cu(110). The surface site specificity observed for single adsorbates can be largely affected by the presence of other adsorbates, especially S that can affect the adsorption of other species even at distances of 13 Å. The large supercell employed with a surface periodicity of (6×6) allowed us to safely use the Helmholtz method for the determination of the dipole of the surface-adsorbate complex at low adsorbate coverages. We found that the surface perturbation induced by S can be explained by the charge transfer model, H2 S leads to a perturbation of the surface that arises mostly from Pauli exclusion effects, whereas HS shows a mix of charge transfer and Pauli exclusion effects. These effects have a large contribution to the long range adsorbate-adsorbate interactions observed. Further support for the long range adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are the values of the adsorption energies of adsorbate pairs that are larger than the sum of the adsorption energies of the single adsorbates that constitute the pair. This happens even for large distances and thus goes beyond the H-bond contribution for the H-bond capable adsorbate pairs. Exploiting this knowledge we investigated two models for describing the first stages of growth of a layer of S-atoms at the surface: the formation of islands versus the formation of more homogeneous surface distributions of S-atoms. We found that for coverages lower than 0.5 ML the S-atoms prefer to cluster as islands that evolve to stripes along the [1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>‾</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> 0] direction with increasing coverage. At 0.5 ML a homogeneous distribution of S-atoms becomes more stable than the formation of stripes. For the coverage equivalent to 1 ML, the formation of two half-monolayers of S-atoms that disrupt the Cu-Cu bonds between the first and second layer is more favorable than the formation of 1 ML homogeneous coverage of S-atoms. Here the S-Cu bond distances and geometries are reminiscent of pyrite, covellite, and to some extent chalcocite. The small energy difference of ≈0.1 eV that exists between this structure and the formation of 1 ML suggests that in a real system at finite temperature both structures may coexist leading to a structure with even lower symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio M Lousada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Johannes Johansson
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Evenemangsgatan 13, Box 3091, 169 03, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pavel A Korzhavyi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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López‐Andarias J, Bauzá A, Sakai N, Frontera A, Matile S. Remote Control of Anion-π Catalysis on Fullerene-Centered Catalytic Triads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10883-10887. [PMID: 29806724 PMCID: PMC6120490 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and evaluation of catalytic triads composed of a central C60 fullerene with an amine base on one side and polarizability enhancers on the other side are reported. According to an enolate addition benchmark reaction, fullerene-fullerene-amine triads display the highest selectivity in anion-π catalysis observed so far, whereas NDI-fullerene-amine triads are not much better than fullerene-amine controls (NDI=naphthalenediimide). These large differences in activity are in conflict with the small differences in intrinsic π acidity, that is, LUMO energy levels and π holes on the central fullerene. However, they are in agreement with the high polarizability of fullerene-fullerene-amine triads. Activation and deactivation of the fullerene-centered triads by intercalators and computational data on anion binding further indicate that for functional relevance, intrinsic π acidity is less important than induced π acidity, that is, the size of the oriented macrodipole of polarizable π systems that emerges only in response to the interaction with anions and anionic transition states. The resulting transformation is thus self-induced, the anionic intermediates and transition states create their own anion-π catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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35
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Gautam B, Klump E, Yi X, Constantinou I, Shewmon N, Salehi A, Lo CK, Zheng Z, Brédas JL, Gundogdu K, Reynolds JR, So F. Increased Exciton Delocalization of Polymer upon Blending with Fullerene. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1801392. [PMID: 29893011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between donor and acceptor in a polymer solar cell play a crucial role in exciton dissociation and charge photogeneration. While the importance of charge transfer (CT) excitons for free carrier generation is intensively studied, the effect of blending on the nature of the polymer excitons in relation to the blend nanomorphology remains largely unexplored. In this work, electroabsorption (EA) spectroscopy is used to study the excited-state polarizability of polymer excitons in several polymer:fullerene blend systems, and it is found that excited-state polarizability of polymer excitons in the blends is a strong function of blend nanomorphology. The increase in excited-state polarizability with decreased domain size indicates that intermixing of states at the interface between the donor polymers and fullerene increases the exciton delocalization, resulting in an increase in exciton dissociation efficiency. This conclusion is further supported by transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, along with the results from time-dependent density functional theory calculations. These findings indicate that polymer excited-state polarizability is a key parameter for efficient free carrier generation and should be considered in the design and development of high-performance polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoj Gautam
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Erik Klump
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xueping Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Iordania Constantinou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Nathan Shewmon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Amin Salehi
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chi Kin Lo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zilong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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36
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Guan Z, Li HW, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Lo MF, Tsang SW, Lee CS. Evidence on Enhanced Exciton Polarizability in Donor/Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:7256-7262. [PMID: 29405053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using electroabsorption spectroscopy, we explore the polarizability of Frenkel excitons in both pristine donor and D/A blend films. We observe for the first time that the polarizability of excitonic states in pristine donors can be dramatically increased by adding an n-type acceptor. By investigating the dielectric effect in different organic semiconductor systems, we find that the polarizability of Frenkel excitons has direct correlation with the measured dielectric constant of the bulk heterojunction thin films. Our results disclose the difference in the nature of Frenkel excitons in pristine donor and D/A blend systems, revealing an important role of excitonic states in charge separation process of organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Wa Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fai Lo
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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Pazmino Betancourt BA, Florczyk SJ, Simon M, Juba D, Douglas JF, Keyrouz W, Bajcsy P, Lee C, Simon CG. Effect of the scaffold microenvironment on cell polarizability and capacitance determined by probabilistic computations. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:025012. [PMID: 29072579 PMCID: PMC5815922 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In living systems, it is frequently stated that form follows function by virtue of evolutionary pressures on organism development, but in the study of how functions emerge at the cellular level, function often follows form. We study this chicken versus egg problem of emergent structure-property relationships in living systems in the context of primary human bone marrow stromal cells cultured in a variety of microenvironments that have been shown to cause distinct patterns of cell function and differentiation. Through analysis of a publicly available catalog of three-dimensional (3D) cell shape data, we introduce a family of metrics to characterize the 'form' of the cell populations that emerge from a variety of diverse microenvironments. In particular, measures of form are considered that are expected to have direct significance for cell function, signaling and metabolic activity: dimensionality, polarizability and capacitance. Dimensionality was assessed by an intrinsic measure of cell shape obtained from the polarizability tensor. This tensor defines ellipsoids for arbitrary cell shapes and the thinnest dimension of these ellipsoids, P 1, defines a reference minimal scale for cells cultured in a 3D microenvironment. Polarizability governs the electric field generated by a cell, and determines the cell's ability to detect electric fields. Capacitance controls the shape dependence of the rate at which diffusing molecules contact the surface of the cell, and this has great significance for inter-cellular signaling. These results invite new approaches for designing scaffolds which explicitly direct cell dimensionality, polarizability and capacitance to guide the emergence of new cell functions derived from the acquired form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A. Pazmino Betancourt
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen J. Florczyk
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12760 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Mylene Simon
- Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Derek Juba
- Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Walid Keyrouz
- Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Peter Bajcsy
- Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Christopher Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carl G. Simon
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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38
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Abstract
The electronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of octaphyrin derivatives were studied by employing the DFT/TDFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of the theory. Thiophene, phenyl, methyl and cyano moieties were substituted on the molecular framework of octaphyrin core, in order to observe the change in optoelectronic and nonlinear response of these systems. The frontier molecular orbital studies and values of electron affinity reveals that the studied compounds are stable against the oxygen and moisture present in air. The calculated ionization energies, adiabatic electron affinity and reorganization energy values indicate that octaphyrin derivatives can be employed as effective n-type material for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). This character shows an enhancement with the introduction of an electron withdrawing group in the octaphyrin framework. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability values of octaphyrin derivatives demonstrate that they are good candidates for NLO devices. The nonlinear response of these systems shows enhancement on the introduction of electron donating groups on octaphyrin moiety. However, these claims needs further experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Irfan H Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Kupwara, India
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Maekawa S, Moorthi K, Shigeta Y. Refractive indices of organo-metallic and -metalloid compounds: A long-range corrected DFT study. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2759-2769. [PMID: 27709623 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Refractive indices of metal- and metalloid-containing compounds are systematically evaluated using the Lorentz-Lorenz equation with polarizabilities obtained via density functional theory (DFT). Among exchange-correlation functionals studied, the long-range corrected (LC) fuctionals yield the lowest errors for the polarizabilities of gaseous compounds and refractive indices of liquids. The LC-DFT predicts very well the wavelength dependence of refractive indices. A scheme for computing Abbe numbers of organometallic and organometaloid compounds is proposed and a refractive index - Abbe number plot for 80 compounds is constructed. The compounds containing heavier metals tend to have higher refractive index and lower Abbe number, but several outliers, among them Te(CH3 )2 , Ni(PF3 )4 , Sb(C2 F3 )3 , Hg(C2 F3 )2 , are found. For Hg(C2 F3 )2 , also the effect of intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom on polarizability is investigated. The absolute relative error in polarizability decreases from 5.7% for monomer model to 1.7% when a dimer model (derived from the available experimental crystal data) is employed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Maekawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.,R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc, Sodegaura, 299-0265, Japan
| | | | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.,Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
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40
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Pike DH, Nanda V. Empirical estimation of local dielectric constants: Toward atomistic design of collagen mimetic peptides. Biopolymers 2016; 104:360-70. [PMID: 25784456 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in modeling protein energetics is the treatment of solvent interactions. This is particularly important in the case of peptides, where much of the molecule is highly exposed to solvent due to its small size. In this study, we develop an empirical method for estimating the local dielectric constant based on an additive model of atomic polarizabilities. Calculated values match reported apparent dielectric constants for a series of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease mutants. Calculated constants are used to determine screening effects on Coulombic interactions and to determine solvation contributions based on a modified Generalized Born model. These terms are incorporated into the protein modeling platform protCAD, and benchmarked on a data set of collagen mimetic peptides for which experimentally determined stabilities are available. Computing local dielectric constants using atomistic protein models and the assumption of additive atomic polarizabilities is a rapid and potentially useful method for improving electrostatics and solvation calculations that can be applied in the computational design of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
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41
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Nowak D, Morrison W, Wickramasinghe HK, Jahng J, Potma E, Wan L, Ruiz R, Albrecht TR, Schmidt K, Frommer J, Sanders DP, Park S. Nanoscale chemical imaging by photoinduced force microscopy. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501571. [PMID: 27051870 PMCID: PMC4820382 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Correlating spatial chemical information with the morphology of closely packed nanostructures remains a challenge for the scientific community. For example, supramolecular self-assembly, which provides a powerful and low-cost way to create nanoscale patterns and engineered nanostructures, is not easily interrogated in real space via existing nondestructive techniques based on optics or electrons. A novel scanning probe technique called infrared photoinduced force microscopy (IR PiFM) directly measures the photoinduced polarizability of the sample in the near field by detecting the time-integrated force between the tip and the sample. By imaging at multiple IR wavelengths corresponding to absorption peaks of different chemical species, PiFM has demonstrated the ability to spatially map nm-scale patterns of the individual chemical components of two different types of self-assembled block copolymer films. With chemical-specific nanometer-scale imaging, PiFM provides a powerful new analytical method for deepening our understanding of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Nowak
- Molecular Vista Inc., 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, CA 95119, USA
| | - William Morrison
- Molecular Vista Inc., 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, CA 95119, USA
| | - H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Junghoon Jahng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Eric Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lei Wan
- HGST San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, USA
| | - Ricardo Ruiz
- HGST San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, USA
| | - Thomas R. Albrecht
- HGST San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, USA
| | - Kristin Schmidt
- IBM Research–Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Jane Frommer
- IBM Research–Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | | | - Sung Park
- Molecular Vista Inc., 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, CA 95119, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Im P, Kang DG, Kim DY, Choi YJ, Yoon WJ, Lee MH, Lee IH, Lee CR, Jeong KU. Flexible and Patterned Thin Film Polarizer: Photopolymerization of Perylene-based Lyotropic Chromonic Reactive Mesogens. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:762-771. [PMID: 26616135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A perylene-based reactive mesogen (DAPDI) forming a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC) phase was newly designed and synthesized for the fabrication of macroscopically oriented and patterned thin film polarizer (TFP) on the flexible polymer substrates. The anisotropic optical property and molecular self-assembly of DAPDI were investigated by the combination of microscopic, scattering and spectroscopic techniques. The main driving forces of molecular self-assembly were the face-to-face π-π intermolecular interaction among aromatic cores and the nanophase separation between hydrophilic ionic groups and hydrophobic aromatic cores. Degree of polarization for the macroscopically oriented and photopolymerized DAPDI TFP was estimated to be 99.81% at the λmax = 491 nm. After mechanically shearing the DAPDI LCLC aqueous solution on the flexible polymer substrates, we successfully fabricated the patterned DAPDI TFP by etching the unpolymerized regions selectively blocked by a photomask during the photopolymerization process. Chemical and mechanical stabilities were confirmed by the solvent and pencil hardness tests, and its surface morphology was further investigated by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and three-dimensional surface nanoprofiler. The flexible and patterned DAPDI TFP with robust chemical and mechanical stabilities can be a stepping stone for the advanced flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun Im
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Dong-Gue Kang
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yoon
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Myong-Hoon Lee
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Cheul-Ro Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
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43
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Abstract
This report describes development of an in silico, expert rule-based method for the classification of chemicals into irritants or non-irritants to eye, as defined by the Draize test. This method was developed to screen data-poor cosmetic ingredient chemicals for eye irritancy potential, which is based upon exclusion rules of five physicochemical properties - molecular weight (MW), hydrophobicity (log P), number of hydrogen bond donors (HBD), number of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and polarizability (Pol). These rules were developed using the ADMET Predictor software and a dataset of 917 eye irritant chemicals. The dataset was divided into 826 (90%) chemicals used for training set and 91 (10%) chemicals used for external validation set (every 10th chemical sorted by molecular weight). The sensitivity of these rules for the training and validation sets was 72.3% and 71.4%, respectively. These rules were also validated for their specificity using an external validation set of 2011 non-irritant chemicals to the eye. The specificity for this validation set was revealed as 77.3%. This method facilitates rapid screening and prioritization of data poor chemicals that are unlikely to be tested for eye irritancy in the Draize test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Verma
- a Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , US Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740 , USA
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44
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Artamonov M, Seideman T. Time-Dependent, Optically Controlled Dielectric Function. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:320-325. [PMID: 26261940 DOI: 10.1021/jz502334z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We suggest optical modulation of the dielectric function of a molecular monolayer adsorbed on a metal surface as a potential means of controlling plasmon resonance phenomena. The dielectric function is altered using a laser pulse of moderate intensity and linear polarization to align the constituent molecules. After the pulse, the monolayer returns to its initial state. Time-dependent, optically controlled dielectric function is illustrated by molecular dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Artamonov
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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45
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Leonov A, Ksenzov D, Benediktovitch A, Feranchuk I, Pietsch U. Time dependence of X-ray polarizability of a crystal induced by an intense femtosecond X-ray pulse. IUCrJ 2014; 1:402-17. [PMID: 25485121 PMCID: PMC4224459 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514018156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The time evolution of the electron density and the resulting time dependence of Fourier components of the X-ray polarizability of a crystal irradiated by highly intense femtosecond pulses of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) is investigated theoretically on the basis of rate equations for bound electrons and the Boltzmann equation for the kinetics of the unbound electron gas. The photoionization, Auger process, electron-impact ionization, electron-electron scattering and three-body recombination have been implemented in the system of rate equations. An algorithm for the numerical solution of the rate equations was simplified by incorporating analytical expressions for the cross sections of all the electron configurations in ions within the framework of the effective charge model. Using this approach, the time dependence of the inner shell populations during the time of XFEL pulse propagation through the crystal was evaluated for photon energies between 4 and 12 keV and a pulse width of 40 fs considering a flux of 10(12) photons pulse(-1) (focusing on a spot size of ∼1 µm). This flux corresponds to a fluence ranging between 0.8 and 2.4 mJ µm(-2). The time evolution of the X-ray polarizability caused by the change of the atomic scattering factor during the pulse propagation is numerically analyzed for the case of a silicon crystal. The time-integrated polarizability drops dramatically if the fluence of the X-ray pulse exceeds 1.6 mJ µm(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Leonov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, Minsk, Belarus
| | - D. Ksenzov
- Festkörperphysik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Walter-Flex-Straße 3, Siegen, Germany
| | - A. Benediktovitch
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, Minsk, Belarus
| | - I. Feranchuk
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, Minsk, Belarus
| | - U. Pietsch
- Festkörperphysik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Walter-Flex-Straße 3, Siegen, Germany
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46
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Gossenberger F, Roman T, Forster-Tonigold K, Groß A. Change of the work function of platinum electrodes induced by halide adsorption. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:152-61. [PMID: 24605280 PMCID: PMC3943700 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The properties of a halogen-covered platinum(111) surface have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT), because halides are often present at electrochemical electrode/electrolyte interfaces. We focused in particular on the halogen-induced work function change as a function of the coverage of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. For electronegative adsorbates, an adsorption-induced increase of the work function is usually expected, yet we find a decrease of the work function for Cl, Br and I, which is most prominent at a coverage of approximately 0.25 ML. This coverage-dependent behavior can be explained by assuming a combination of charge transfer and polarization effects on the adsorbate layer. The results are contrasted to the adsorption of fluorine on calcium, a system in which a decrease in the work function is also observed despite a large charge transfer to the halogen adatom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanglaw Roman
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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47
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Roos G, Wellens A, Touaibia M, Yamakawa N, Geerlings P, Roy R, Wyns L, Bouckaert J. Validation of Reactivity Descriptors to Assess the Aromatic Stacking within the Tyrosine Gate of FimH. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1085-90. [PMID: 24900609 DOI: 10.1021/ml400269v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of the FimH adhesin, a protein almost universally present at the extremity of type-1 fimbriae expressed by Escherichia coli, have been abundantly in the spotlight as alternative treatments of urinary tract infections. The antagonists function as bacterial antiadhesives through highly specific α-d-mannose binding in a charged and polar pocket at the tip of the FimH lectin domain and by the stacking of alkyl or aromatic moieties substituted on the mannose with two tyrosine residues (Tyr48 and Tyr137) at the entrance of the mannose-binding pocket. Using high-resolution crystal data, interaction energies are calculated for the different observed aromatic stacking modes between the tyrosines and the antagonist. The dispersion component of the interaction energy correlates with the observed electron density. The quantum chemical reactivity descriptors local hardness and polarizability were successfully validated as prediction tools for ligand affinity in the tyrosine gate of FimH and therefore have potential for rapid drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department
of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Unité
de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576
du CNRS, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | | | - René Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | | | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité
de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576
du CNRS, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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48
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Abstract
Simulations are carried out for the ice/vapor and ice/liquid interfaces using models for water which include intermolecular charge transfer, as well as polarizability. The models transfer a small amount of charge for each hydrogen bond formed, as indicated from electronic structure calculations, from the molecule that accepts the hydrogen bond to the molecule that donates the hydrogen bond. Depending on distance from the interface, molecules can, on average, have more of one type (donor or acceptor) than the other. The asymmetric local environment leads to net charge transfer at the interface, with layers of molecules with small net charges. Molecules at the ice side of the interface tend to be positively charged, while molecules at the vapor or liquid side tend to be negatively charged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
| | - Steven W Rick
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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49
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Abstract
The effects of water confined in regions between self-assembling entities is relevant to numerous contexts such as macromolecular association, protein folding, protein-ligand association, and nanomaterials self-assembly. Thus assessing the impact of confined water, and the ability of current modeling techniques to capture the salient features of confined water is important and timely. We present molecular dynamics simulation results investigating the effect of confined water on qualitative features of potentials of mean force describing the free energetics of self-assembly of large planar hydrophobic plates. We consider several common explicit water models including the TIP3P, TIP4P, SPC/E, TIP4P-FQ, and SWM4-NDP, the latter two being polarizable models. Examination of the free energies for filling and unfilling the volume confined between the two plates (both in the context of average number of confined water molecules and "depth" of occupancy) suggests TIP4P-FQ water molecules generally occupy the confined volume at separation distances larger than observed for other models under the same conditions. The connection between this tendency of TIP4P-FQ water and the lack of a pronounced barrier in the potential of mean force for plate-plate association in TIP4P-FQ water is explored by artificially, but systematically, populating the confined volume with TIP4P-FQ water at low plate-plate separation distances. When the critical separation distance [denoting the crossover from an unoccupied (dry) confined interior to a filled (wet) interior] for TIP4P-FQ is reduced by 0.5 Å using this approach, a barrier is observed; we rationalize this effect based on increased resistant forces introduced by confined water molecules at these low separations. We also consider the dynamics of water molecules in the confined region between the hydrophobes. We find that the TIP4P-FQ water model exhibits nonbulklike dynamics, with enhanced lateral diffusion relative to bulk. This is consistent with the reduced intermolecular water-water interaction indicated by a decreased molecular dipole moment in the interplate region. Analysis of velocity autocorrelation functions and associated power spectra indicate that the interplate region for TIP4P-FQ at a plate separation of 14.4 Å approaches characteristics of the pure water liquid-vapor interface. This is in stark contrast to the other water models (including the polarizable SWM4-NDP model).
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50
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Baldenebro-López J, Castorena-González J, Flores-Holguín N, Almaral-Sánchez J, Glossman-Mitnik D. Density functional theory (DFT) study of triphenylamine-based dyes for their use as sensitizers in molecular photovoltaics. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4418-32. [PMID: 22605987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we studied three dyes which are proposed for potential photovoltaic applications and named Dye7, Dye7-2t and Dye7-3t. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) was utilized, using the M05-2X hybrid meta-GGA functional and the 6–31+G(d,p) basis set. This level of calculation was used to find the optimized molecular structure and to predict the main molecular vibrations, the absorption and emission spectra, the molecular orbitals energies, dipole moment, isotropic polarizability and the chemical reactivity parameters that arise from Conceptual DFT. Also, the pKa values were calculated with the semi-empirical PM6 method.
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