1
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Stawski W, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA, Anderson HL. Crystallographic evidence for global aromaticity in the di-anion and tetra-anion of a cyclophane hydrocarbon. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14109-14114. [PMID: 38098717 PMCID: PMC10718070 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[24]Paracyclophanetetraene is a classic example of a macrocyclic hydrocarbon that becomes globally aromatic on reduction to the di-anion, and switches to globally anti-aromatic in the tetra-anion. This redox activity makes it promising as an electrode material for batteries. Here, we report the solid-state structures of the di- and tetra-anions of this cyclophane, in several coordination environments. The changes in bond length on reduction yield insights into the global aromaticity of the di-anion (26π electrons), and anti-aromaticity of the tetra-anion (28π electrons), that were previously deduced from NMR spectra of species generated in situ. The experimental geometries of the aromatic di-anion and anti-aromatic tetra-anion from X-ray crystallographic data match well with gas-phase calculated structures, and reproduce the low symmetry expected in the anti-aromatic ring. Comparison of coordinated and naked anions confirms that metal coordination has little effect on the bond lengths. The UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra show a sharp intense peak at 878 nm for the di-anion, whereas the tetra-anion gives a broad spectrum typical of an anti-aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Stawski
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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2
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Si C, Wang T, Gupta AK, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Siegel JS, Zysman‐Colman E. Room-Temperature Multiple Phosphorescence from Functionalized Corannulenes: Temperature Sensing and Afterglow Organic Light-Emitting Diode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309718. [PMID: 37656606 PMCID: PMC10953377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene-derived materials have been extensively explored in energy storage and solar cells, however, are rarely documented as emitters in light-emitting sensors and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), due to low exciton utilization. Here, we report a family of multi-donor and acceptor (multi-D-A) motifs, TCzPhCor, TDMACPhCor, and TPXZPhCor, using corannulene as the acceptor and carbazole (Cz), 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dimethylacridine (DMAC), and phenoxazine (PXZ) as the donor, respectively. By decorating corannulene with different donors, multiple phosphorescence is realized. Theoretical and photophysical investigations reveal that TCzPhCor shows room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from the lowest-lying T1 ; however, for TDMACPhCor, dual RTP originating from a higher-lying T1 (T1 H ) and a lower-lying T1 (T1 L ) can be observed, while for TPXZPhCor, T1 H -dominated RTP occurs resulting from a stabilized high-energy T1 geometry. Benefiting from the high-temperature sensitivity of TPXZPhCor, high color-resolution temperature sensing is achieved. Besides, due to degenerate S1 and T1 H states of TPXZPhCor, the first corannulene-based solution-processed afterglow OLEDs is investigated. The afterglow OLED with TPXZPhCor shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) and a luminance (Lmax ) of 3.3 % and 5167 cd m-2 , respectively, which is one of the most efficient afterglow RTP OLEDs reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Tao Wang
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Institute of Organic ChemistryAlbert Ludwig University of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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3
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Brieger L, Schrimpf T, Scheel R, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. Towards Substrate-Reagent Interaction of Lochmann-Schlosser Bases in THF: Bridging THF Hides Potential Reaction Site of a Chiral Superbase. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202660. [PMID: 36098179 PMCID: PMC10092790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metalation of N,N-dimethylaminomethylferrocene in THF by the superbasic mixture of n BuLi/KOt Bu proceeds readily at low temperatures to afford a bimetallic Li2 K2 aggregate containing ferrocenyl anions and tert-butoxide. Starting from an enantiomerically enriched ortho-lithiated aminomethylferrocene, an enantiomerically pure superbase can be prepared. The molecular compound exhibits superbasic behavior deprotonating N,N-dimethylbenzylamine in the α-position and is also capable of deprotonating toluene. Quantum chemical calculations provide insight into the role of the bridging THF molecule to the possible substrate-reagent interaction. In addition, a benzylpotassium alkoxide adduct gives a closer look into the corresponding reaction site of the Lochmann-Schlosser base that is reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tobias Schrimpf
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scheel
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Hepel M, Petrukhina MA, Samuilov V. High Power-Density WO3-x–Grafted Corannulene-Modified Graphene Nanostructures for Micro-Supercapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Nitrogen-doped molecular bowls as electron donors in photoinduced electron transfer reactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2180-2188. [PMID: 36133447 PMCID: PMC9418722 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the chemistry of curved π-conjugated molecules has experienced a sharp rise. The inclusion of a heteroatom in the carbon network significantly affects its semiconducting properties. In this work, we computationally study the photoinduced electron transfer in a series of C60 fullerene complexes with experimentally established nitrogen-doped molecular bowls. Our results demonstrate that introducing nitrogen into pentagonal rings of the bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules and extending the π-conjugation can modulate their electron-transfer properties. Among the studied complexes, the hub-NCor⊃C60 complex exhibits the most desirable combination of ultrafast charge separation and slow charge recombination, suggesting its potential use in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
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6
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reversible structural rearrangement of π-expanded cyclooctatetraene upon two-fold reduction with alkali metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3206-3209. [PMID: 35174826 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a π-expanded COT derivative, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene (1), with lithium or sodium metals in the presence of secondary ligands affords a new doubly-reduced product (1TR2-). The X-ray diffraction study revealed a reductive core rearrangement accompanied by the formation of a single C-C bond and severe twist of the central tetraphenylene core. The reversibility of two-electron reduction and core transformation is further confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. .,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. .,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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7
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl-Shaped Pentagon- and Heptagon-Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14998-15005. [PMID: 33831270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bowl-shaped nitrogen-doped nanographene composed of a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core substituted with six arene rings circularly bonded with one another has been prepared via a concise synthetic strategy encompassing the multicomponent tetraarylpyrrolopyrrole (TAPP) synthesis, the Scholl reaction, and intramolecular direct arylation. This synthesis represents the first case of programmed sequential intramolecular direct arylation reactions utilizing the different reactivity of C-Br and C-Cl bonds. The target compound contains two central pentagons confined between two adjacent heptagons-the inverse Stone-Thrower-Wales topology. The presence of both five- and seven-membered rings in the final structure is responsible for interesting properties such as a perpendicularly aligned dipole moment, absorption and fluorescence in the orange-red region, weak emission originating from the charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band, and a high lying HOMO. In the solid state slipped convex-to-convex π-π stacking dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl‐Shaped Pentagon‐ and Heptagon‐Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π-Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra-Anion through Internal Li + Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3510-3514. [PMID: 33108043 PMCID: PMC7898929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a π-expanded polycyclic framework comprising a cyclooctatetraene moiety, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene, with lithium metal readily affords the corresponding tetra-anion instead of the expected aromatic dianion. As revealed by X-ray crystallography, the highly contorted tetra-anion is stabilized by coordination of two internally bound Li+ , while two external cations remain solvent separated. The variable-temperature 7 Li NMR spectra in THF confirm the presence of three types of Li+ ions and clearly differentiate internal binding, consistent with the crystal structure. Density-functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of the highly charged tetra-reduced carbanion is stabilized through Li+ coordination under the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
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10
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π‐Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra‐Anion through Internal Li
+
Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Organic Chemistry I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
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11
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Solel E, Pappo D, Reany O, Mejuch T, Gershoni-Poranne R, Botoshansky M, Stanger A, Keinan E. Flat corannulene: when a transition state becomes a stable molecule. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13015-13025. [PMID: 34094486 PMCID: PMC8163244 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04566g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flat corannulene has been considered so far only as a transition state of the bowl-to-bowl inversion process. This study was driven by the prediction that substituents with strong steric repulsion could destabilize the bowl-shaped conformation of this molecule to such an extent that the highly unstable planar geometry would become an isolable molecule. To examine the substituents' effect on the corannulene bowl depth, optimized structures for the highly-congested decakis(t-butylsulfido)corannulene were calculated. The computations, performed with both the M06-2X/def2-TZVP and the B3LYP/def2-TZVP methods (the latter with and without Grimme's D3 dispersion correction), predict that this molecule can achieve two minimum structures: a flat carbon framework and a bowl-shaped structure, which are very close in energy. This rather unusual compound was easily synthesized from decachlorocorannulene under mild reaction conditions, and X-ray crystallographic studies gave similar results to the theoretical predictions. This compound crystallized in two different polymorphs, one exhibiting a completely flat corannulene core and the other having a bowl-shaped conformation. The first flat metal-free corannulene derivative was predicted by computations and achieved by synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrath Solel
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Doron Pappo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Avinoam Adam Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808 Ra'anana 4353701 Israel
| | - Tom Mejuch
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Mark Botoshansky
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Amnon Stanger
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Ehud Keinan
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
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12
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Alkan M, Rogachev AY. Coupling of two curved polyaromatic radical-anions: stabilization of dimers by counterions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6716-6726. [PMID: 32163075 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive theoretical investigation of both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities was performed for dimeric dianionic systems (C20H10)22- and (C28H14)22-, neutralized by two alkali metal cations. The influence of the counterions was of primary interest. The impact of the additional/spectator ligand(s) was elucidated by considering adducts with four molecules of diglyme or two molecules of 18-crown-6 ether. Importantly, both types of systems - in the form of contact-ion pair (CIP) and solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) - were considered. The SSIP set was augmented by the adduct, in which the dimeric dianionic species were neutralized with purely organic cations N(CH3)4+ and P(CH3)4+. Detailed analysis of the bonding revealed that the presence of the counterions made these systems thermodynamically stable. This finding is in sharp contrast with results obtained for isolated (PAH)22- systems, which were previously found to be thermodynamically unstable, but kinetically persistent. The introduction of the alkali metal cations to the system significantly increases the ionic term (ΔEelstat), whereas the repulsive ΔEPauli one was found to be substantially reduced. Considering that the orbital component (ΔEorb) exhibited only a moderate decrease and the preparation energy (ΔEprep) showed no changes, the above-mentioned changes in ΔEelstat and ΔEPauli provided a clear explanation for the increase of the thermodynamic stability of the target species. Importantly, a clear correlation between the size of the alkali metal cation and stability of the target dimeric product was established. Thermodynamic stability of the system rises with a decrease in the size of M+ due to enlargement of the ΔEorb. Evaluated energy barriers (as spin-crossing points between singlet and triplet energy surfaces) were found to be equal to +15.85 kcal mol-1 and +18.5 kcal mol-1 for [(Cs+)2{(C20H10)22-}] and [(Cs+)2{(C28H14)22-}], respectively, which is substantially higher than those calculated for isolated (PAH)22- systems (+10.00 kcal mol-1 for (C20H10)22- and +12.35 kcal mol-1 for (C28H14)22-). Thus, this study identified the presence of counterions as the key factor, which have a dramatic influence on the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the aimed dianionic dimeric systems, which are formed by two curved polyaromatic monoanion-radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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13
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Theoretical investigation of the record 7Li-NMR chemical shift in new sandwich-like aggregates of corannulene. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-2549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Rogachev AY, Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Dimerization of indenocorannulene radicals: imposing stability through increasing strain and curvature. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-electron reduction of bowl-shaped indenocorannulene affords a new stable dimeric dianion, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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15
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Rogachev AY, Alkan M, Li J, Liu S, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Mono-reduced Corannulene: To Couple and Not to Couple in One Crystal. Chemistry 2019; 25:14140-14147. [PMID: 31390107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One-electron reduction of corannulene, C20 H10 , with Li metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of [{Li+ (diglyme)2 }4 (C20 H10 .- )2 (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This hybrid product contains two corannulene monoanion-radicals along with a dianionic dimer, crystallized with four Li+ ions wrapped by diglyme molecules. The dimeric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- anion provides the first crystallographically confirmed example of spontaneous radical dimerization for C20 H10 .- . The C-C bond length between the two C20 H10 .- bowls of 1.588(5) Å is consistent with the single σ-bond character of the linker. The trans-disposition of two bowls in the centrosymmetric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- dimer is observed with the torsion angle around the central C-C bond of 180°. Comprehensive theoretical analysis of formation/decomposition processes of the dimeric dianion has been carried out in order to evaluate the nature of bonding and energetics of the C20 H10 .- coupling. It is found that such σ-bonded dimers are thermodynamically unstable due to large preparation energy and repulsive Pauli component of the bonding, but kinetically persistent due to a high energy barrier provided by the existing spin-crossing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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16
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Zhou Z, Wang X, Wei Z, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Charging OBO-Fused Double [5]Helicene with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14969-14973. [PMID: 31430019 PMCID: PMC6916263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of OBO-fused double[5]helicene with Group 1 metals (Na and K) has been investigated for the first time. Two doubly-reduced products have been isolated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a solvent-separated ion triplet (SSIT) with Na+ ions and a contact-ion pair (CIP) with K+ ion. As the key structural outcome, the X-ray crystallographic analysis discloses the consequences of adding two electrons to the double helicene core in the SSIT without metal binding and reveals the preferential binding site in the CIP with K+ counterions. In both products, an increase in the twisting of the double helicene core upon charging was observed. The negative charge localization at the central core has been identified by theoretical calculations, which are in full agreement with X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic results. Notably, it was confirmed that the two-electron reduction of OBO-fused double[5]helicene is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
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17
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Uresk A, O'Neil NJ, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Heavy alkaline earth π-complexes with doubly-reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of variable sizes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Zhou Z, Wang X, Wei Z, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Charging OBO‐Fused Double [5]Helicene with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
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19
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tokimaru Y, Ito S, Nozaki K, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Reduction of Azapentabenzocorannulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yuki Tokimaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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20
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tokimaru Y, Ito S, Nozaki K, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Reduction of Azapentabenzocorannulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12107-12111. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yuki Tokimaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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21
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Robertson SD, Uzelac M, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Synergistic Effects in Polar Main Group Organometallic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8332-8405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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22
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Fujimori S, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N. A Mixed‐Anion System Consisting of a Germyl Anion and Anions Delocalized on Conjugated Carbon Ring Skeletons. Chemistry 2019; 25:6284-6289. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fujimori
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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23
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Abstract
A convex-bound sumanenyl hafnocene complex was selectively synthesized, and the catalytic activity of sumanenyl metallocenes was demonstrated in the carboalumination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Shun Katoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
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24
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Wang S, Shang J, Yan C, Wang W, Yuan C, Zhang HL, Shao X. Trichalcogenasumanenes containing various chalcogen atoms: synthesis, structure, properties, and chemical reactivity. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichalcogenasumanenes containing two kinds of chalcogen are synthesized. The majority chalcogen governs the optical properties and the heavier chalcogen governs the chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jihai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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25
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Petrukhina MA. From corannulene to larger carbon bowls: are they better for multiple metal encapsulation? Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5125-5130. [PMID: 30838355 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of size, charge and symmetry of carbon π-bowls on their supramolecular assembly and metal ion intercalation trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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26
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Höfler D, Goddard R, Lingnau JB, Nöthling N, List B. A Purely Organic Tricarbanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8326-8329. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Höfler
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Julia B. Lingnau
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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27
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Höfler D, Goddard R, Lingnau JB, Nöthling N, List B. Ein rein organisches Tricarbanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Höfler
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Julia B. Lingnau
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
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28
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Record Alkali Metal Intercalation by Highly Charged Corannulene. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1541-1549. [PMID: 29874040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for advanced energy storage technologies demands the development of new functional materials. Novel carbon-rich and carbon-based materials of different structural topologies attract significant attention in this regard. Attractive systems include a unique class of bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that map onto fullerene surfaces and are thus often referred to as fullerene fragments, buckybowls, or π-bowls. Importantly, carbon bowls are able to acquire multiple electrons in stepwise reduction reactions producing sets of successively reduced carbanions. The resulting negatively charged π-bowls exhibit unique supramolecular assembly and metal intercalation patterns that only recently have begun to be uncovered. First, we have resolved the long-standing mystery behind the supramolecular structure formed by a highly reduced fullerene fragment called corannulene (C20H104-) with multiple lithium ions, using X-ray crystallography coupled with NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. This work provided a new paradigm for lithium ion intercalation between the curved carbon π-surfaces and facilitated understanding of the lithium ion storage mechanism in carbonaceous matrices. Next, we have initiated a new research direction, an investigation of the mixed alkali metal reduction reactions using bowl-shaped corannulene as a remarkable multielectron reservoir and unique ligand with open convex and concave π-surfaces. As a result, we have revealed the cooperative effect of lithium with heavier Group 1 metals in reduction and self-assembly processes of corannulene. Moreover, we have discovered a new class of organometallic supramolecules having heterometallic cores with high nuclearity and charge such as Li3M36+ and LiM56+ (M = K, Rb, and Cs) sandwiched between two tetrareduced corannulene decks. The resulting triple-decker supramolecular assemblies, fully characterized by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods, were found to exhibit a record ability of the highly charged corannulene π-surfaces to be fully engaged in intercalation of multiple metal ions. Based on this unique ability, curved π-ligands with extended carbon frameworks are expected to show remarkable potential for alkali metal storage compared to flat polycyclic arenes. Notably, a previously unseen mode of internal lithium binding revealed in the heterobimetallic sandwiches is accompanied by unprecedented negative shifts (up to -25 ppm) in 7Li NMR spectra. Based on in-depth analysis of NMR data, augmented by DFT calculations, we have rationalized the observed experimental trends and proposed the mechanism of stepwise alkali metal substitution reactions. Furthermore, we have correlated the origin of the record 7Li NMR shifts with unique electronic structures of these novel supramolecular aggregates. Herein we present comprehensive analysis of unusual structural and electronic features of remarkable heterometallic self-assemblies formed by tetrareduced corannulene, using a wealth of our recent experimental and computational results. This work uncovers unique potential of highly negatively charged bowl-shaped π-ligands for new supramolecular chemistry and materials chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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29
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Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Alkan M, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Site-Directed Dimerization of Bowl-Shaped Radical Anions to Form a σ-Bonded Dibenzocorannulene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6171-6175. [PMID: 29504700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Designed site-directed dimerization of the monoanion radicals of a π-bowl in the solid state is reported. Dibenzo[a,g]corannulene (C28 H14 ) was selected based on the asymmetry of the charge/spin localization in the C28 H14.- anion. Controlled one-electron reduction of C28 H14 with Cs metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of a new dimer, [{Cs+ (diglyme)}2 (C28 H14 -C28 H14 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study performed in a broad range of temperatures. The C-C bond length between two C28 H14.- bowls (1.560(8) Å) measured at -143 °C does not significantly change upon heating of the crystal to +67 °C. The single σ-bond character of the C-C linker is confirmed by calculations. The trans-disposition of two bowls in 1 is observed with the torsion angles around the central C-C bond of 172.3(5)° and 173.5(5)°. A systematic theoretical evaluation of dimerization pathways of C28 H14.- radicals confirmed that the trans-isomer found in 1 is energetically favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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30
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Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Alkan M, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Site‐Directed Dimerization of Bowl‐Shaped Radical Anions to Form a σ‐Bonded Dibenzocorannulene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Alexander V. Zabula
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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31
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Zhou Z, Spisak SN, Xu Q, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Marcaccio M, Petrukhina MA. Fusing a Planar Group to a π-Bowl: Electronic and Molecular Structure, Aromaticity and Solid-State Packing of Naphthocorannulene and its Anions. Chemistry 2018; 24:3455-3463. [PMID: 29328530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and electronic structure, reduction electron transfer and coordination abilities of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) having a planar naphtho-group fused to the corannulene bowl have been investigated for the first time using a combination of theoretical and experimental tools. A direct comparison of naphtho[2,3-a]corannulene (C28 H14 , 1) with parent corannulene (C20 H10 , 2) revealed the effect of framework topology change on electronic properties and aromaticity of 1. The presence of two reduction steps for 1 was predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. Two reversible one-electron reduction processes with the formal reduction potentials at -2.30 and -2.77 V versus Fc+/0 were detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, demonstrating accessibility of the corresponding mono- and dianionic states of 1. The products of the singly and doubly reduced napththocorannulene were prepared using chemical reduction with Group 1 metals and isolated as sodium and rubidium salts. Their X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of "naked" mono- and dianions crystallized as solvent-separated ion products with one or two sodium cations as [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ][C28 H14- ] and [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ]2 [C28 H142- ] (3⋅THF and 4⋅THF, respectively). The dianion of 1 was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with two rubidium countercations, [{Rb+ (18-crown-6)}2 (C28 H142- )] (5⋅THF). The structural consequences of adding one and two electrons to the carbon framework of 1 are compared for 3, 4 and 5. Changes in aromaticity and charge distribution stemming from the stepwise electron acquisition are discussed based on DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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32
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Wang S, Li X, Hou X, Sun Y, Shao X. Tritellurasumanene: ultrasound assisted one-pot synthesis and extended valence adducts with bromine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:14486-14489. [PMID: 27904895 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tritellurasumanene is synthesized from a triphenylene skeleton via ultrasound assisted one-pot reaction. This compound adopts a flat conjugated system and displays TeTe (3.83 Å) interactions in the solid state. Its optical properties and chemical reactivity are quite different from those of its trithia- and triselena-analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xuexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yantao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
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33
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Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Crown Ether Assisted Convex Cesium Binding to a Sumanenyl Bowl. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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34
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Keshri SK, Kumar S, Mandal K, Mukhopadhyay P. Ambient Water-Stable Dianionic Electron Donors: Intramolecular Noncovalent Conduits Assist Charge Delocalization. Chemistry 2017; 23:11802-11809. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Keshri
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab; School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab; School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Kalyanashis Mandal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab; School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab; School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
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35
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Rice AM, Fellows WB, Dolgopolova EA, Greytak AB, Vannucci AK, Smith MD, Karakalos SG, Krause JA, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Shustova NB. Hierarchical Corannulene-Based Materials: Energy Transfer and Solid-State Photophysics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4525-4529. [PMID: 28332256 PMCID: PMC5396291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of a donor-acceptor corannulene-containing hybrid material with rapid ligand-to-ligand energy transfer (ET). Additionally, we provide the first time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) data for any corannulene-based compounds in the solid state. Comprehensive analysis of PL data in combination with theoretical calculations of donor-acceptor exciton coupling was employed to estimate ET rate and efficiency in the prepared material. The ligand-to-ligand ET rate calculated using two models is comparable with that observed in fullerene-containing materials, which are generally considered for molecular electronics development. Thus, the presented studies not only demonstrate the possibility of merging the intrinsic properties of π-bowls, specifically corannulene derivatives, with the versatility of crystalline hybrid scaffolds, but could also foreshadow the engineering of a novel class of hierarchical corannulene-based hybrid materials for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - W Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ekaterina A Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Aaron K Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Stavros G Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing, Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | | | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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36
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Rice AM, Fellows WB, Dolgopolova EA, Greytak AB, Vannucci AK, Smith MD, Karakalos SG, Krause JA, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Shustova NB. Hierarchical Corannulene‐Based Materials: Energy Transfer and Solid‐State Photophysics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - W. Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Stavros G. Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing Swearingen Engineering Center Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | | | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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37
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Spisak SN, Rogachev AY, Zabula AV, Filatov AS, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Tuning the separation and coupling of corannulene trianion-radicals through sizable alkali metal belts. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3137-3145. [PMID: 28507689 PMCID: PMC5413885 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Downsizing of alkali metal belts sandwiched between triply-reduced corannulene decks allows for the fine-tune separation and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals.
The first heterobimetallic sandwich-type aggregate formed by bowl-shaped corannulene trianion-radicals, C20H10˙3–, has been synthesized using mixed-metal reduction of C20H10. The product was crystallographically characterized to reveal the self-assembly of [Cs+//(C20H103–)/4K+/(C20H103–)//Cs+], in which two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four potassium ions (the K···K separations are 4.212(4) and 5.185(4) Å), with the exterior concave bowl cavities being selectively filled by one cesium ion each. In order to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this novel mixed-metal organometallic self-assembly, an in-depth theoretical investigation has been carried out. Specifically, the influence of internal metal binding on the geometry and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals is investigated for Group 1 metals. This study reveals that replacement of the sandwiched potassium ions with larger (Cs) and smaller (Li) ions allows variation of the size of the encapsulated metal belts, and thus enables tuning of the coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , CRPP , UPR 8641 , F-33600 , Pessac , France.,Univ. Bordeaux , CRPP , UPR 8641 , F-33600 , Pessac , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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38
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2582-2587. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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39
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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40
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Hou X, Zhu Y, Qin Y, Chen L, Li X, Zhang HL, Xu W, Zhu D, Shao X. Tris(S,S-dioxide)-trithiasumanene: strong fluorescence and cocrystal with 1,2,6,7,10,11-hexabutoxytriphenylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1546-1549. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trithiasumanene was regioselectively transformed into tris(S,S-dioxide)-trithiasumanene, which displays strong fluorescence and forms a chiral cocrystal with HBT, showing a yellow emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yunke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100180
- China
| | - Lichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xuexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100180
- China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100180
- China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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41
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Amaya T. Chemistry of Bowl-shaped π-Conjugated Molecule Sumanene. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Amaya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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42
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Xu Q, Petrukhina MA, Rogachev AY. Stepwise deprotonation of sumanene: electronic structures, energetics and aromaticity alterations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21575-21583. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stepwise deprotonation of sumanene resulted in complete delocalization of electron density as well as aromatization of 5-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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43
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Mixing Li and Cs in the reduction of corannulene for the assembly of a cesium-capped sandwich with a hexanuclear heterometallic core. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5625-5630. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the first Li/Cs organometallic self-assembly, the tetrareduced corannulene decks are angled up to keep the highly-charged (Li3Cs3)6+ unit in between, with two external Cs+ ions capping the sandwich from outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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44
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Sedykh AE, Gordeev EG, Pentsak EO, Ananikov VP. Shielding the chemical reactivity using graphene layers for controlling the surface properties of carbon materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4608-16. [PMID: 26796642 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene can efficiently shield chemical interactions and gradually decrease the binding to reactive defect areas. In the present study, we have used the observed graphene shielding effect to control the reactivity patterns on the carbon surface. The experimental findings show that a surface coating with a tiny carbon layer of 1-2 nm thickness is sufficient to shield the defect-mediated reactivity and create a surface with uniform binding ability. The shielding effect was directly observed using a combination of microscopy techniques and evaluated with computational modeling. The theoretical calculations indicate that a few graphene layers can drastically reduce the binding energy of the metal centers to the surface defects by 40-50 kcal mol(-1). The construction of large carbon areas with controlled surface reactivity is extremely difficult, which is a key limitation in many practical applications. Indeed, the developed approach provides a flexible and simple tool to change the reactivity patterns on large surface areas within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Sedykh
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E O Pentsak
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - V P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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45
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Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Papaianina O, Amsharov K, Rybalchenko AV, Goryunkov AA, Petrukhina MA. From Corannulene to Indacenopicene: Effect of Carbon Framework Topology on Aromaticity and Reduction Limits. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Rybalchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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46
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Fellows WB, Rice AM, Williams DE, Dolgopolova EA, Vannucci AK, Pellechia PJ, Smith MD, Krause JA, Shustova NB. Redox-Active Corannulene Buckybowls in a Crystalline Hybrid Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:2195-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Derek E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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47
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Fellows WB, Rice AM, Williams DE, Dolgopolova EA, Vannucci AK, Pellechia PJ, Smith MD, Krause JA, Shustova NB. Redox-Active Corannulene Buckybowls in a Crystalline Hybrid Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Derek E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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48
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Supramolecular trap for a transient corannulene trianion. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1954-1961. [PMID: 29899919 PMCID: PMC5966907 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first structural characterization of the transient triply-reduced state of corannulene (C20H10) is accomplished. The X-ray crystallographic study reveals that the C20H10˙3- trianions, generated by corannulene reduction with metallic cesium, form a novel type of supramolecular sandwich-type assembly, [Cs+//(C20H103-)/4Cs+/(C20H103-)//Cs+]. In the product, two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four cesium ions with the external concave bowl cavities being filled by one cesium ion each. The structural investigation is augmented by in-depth theoretical calculations to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this unique organometallic self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , Pessac , F-33600 , France.,Université de Bordeaux , Pessac , F-33600 , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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49
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, O’Neil NJ, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Convex and Concave Encapsulation of Multiple Potassium Ions by Sumanenyl Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9768-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Natalie J. O’Neil
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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Dubceac C, Filatov AS, Zabula AV, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Functionalized corannulene carbocations: a structural overview. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26224357 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A detailed structural overview of a family of bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic carbocations of the type [C20 H10 R](+) with different R functionalities tethered to the interior surface of corannulene (C20 H10 ) is provided. Changing the identity of the surface-bound groups through alkyl chains spanning from one to four carbon atoms and incorporating a different degree of halogenation has led to the fine tuning of the bowl structures and properties. The deformation of the corannulene core upon functionalization has been revealed based on X-ray crystallographic analysis and compared for the series of cations with R=CH3 , CH2 Cl, CHCl2 , CCl3 , CH2 CH3 , CH2 CH2 Cl, and CH2 CH2 Br. The resulting carbocations have been isolated with several metal-based counterions, varying in size and coordinating abilities ([AlCl4 ](-) , [AlBr4 ](-) , [(SnCl)(GaCl4 )2 ](-) , and [Al(OC(CF3 )3 )4 ](-) ). A variety of aggregation patterns in the solid state has been revealed based on different intermolecular interactions ranging from cation-anion to π-π stacking and to halogen⋅⋅⋅π interactions. For the [C20 H10 CH2 Cl](+) ion crystallized with several different counterions, the conformation of the R group attached to the central five-membered ring of corannulene moiety was found to depend on the solid-state environment defined by the identity of anions. Solution NMR and UV/Vis investigations have been used to complement the X-ray diffraction studies for this series of corannulene-based cations and to demonstrate their different association patterns with the solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dubceac
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 (USA), Fax: (+1) 518-442-3462
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 (USA), Fax: (+1) 518-442-3462
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 (USA)
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 (USA), Fax: (+1) 518-442-3462.
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