1
|
Chiu CP, Chen YC. Laser Printer Printed Ion Sources for Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Volatiles and Semivolatiles. Anal Chem 2024; 96. [PMID: 39135288 PMCID: PMC11359382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated a facile method to fabricate ion sources using a laser printer for ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Toner spots printed by a printer can readily facilitate ionizing volatile and semivolatile compounds derived from solid or liquid samples for MS analysis. The experimental arrangement involved positioning the toner-printed paper near the inlet of a mass spectrometer, which was subjected to a high electric potential (e.g., -6 kV). Volatile or semivolatile compounds deriving from the sample positioned below the metal inlet of the mass spectrometer were promptly ionized upon activating the mass spectrometer. No direct electrical connection or voltage application was required on the paper substrate. An electric field was established between the toner spot on the paper and the inlet applied with a high voltage to induce the dielectric breakdown of the surrounding air and water molecules. Consequently, ionic species, including electrons and cationic radicals, were generated. Subsequent ion-molecule reactions facilitated the production of protons for ionizing analytes present in the gas phase proximal to the inlet of the mass spectrometer. Deprotonated analytes were detected in the resultant mass spectra when employing the method in negative ion mode. This methodology presents a straightforward approach for analyzing analytes in the gas phase under ambient conditions utilizing an exceptionally uncomplicated experimental setup. In addition, the developed method can be used to detect trace 2,4-dinitrophenol, an explosive, with a limit of detection as low as ∼30 pg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Pao Chiu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- International
College of Semiconductor Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen K, Wan Q, Wei S, Nie W, Zhou S, Chen S. Recent Advances in On-Line Mass Spectrometry Toolbox for Mechanistic Studies of Organic Electrochemical Reactions. Chemistry 2024:e202402215. [PMID: 39083258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical reactions are very complex and involve a variety of physicochemical processes. Accurate and systematic monitoring of intermediate process changes during the reaction is essential for understanding the mechanism of electrochemical reactions and is the basis for rational design of new electrochemical reactions. On-line electrochemical analysis based on mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important tool for studying electrochemical reactions. This technique is based on different ionization and sampling means and realizes on-line analysis of electrochemical reactions by establishing electrochemistry-MS (EC-MS) coupling devices. In particular, it provides key evidence for elucidating the reaction mechanism by capturing and identifying the reactive reaction intermediates. This review will categorize various EC-MS devices and the organic electrochemical reaction systems they study, highlighting the latest research progress in recent years. It will also analyze the properties of various devices and look forward to the future development of EC-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shiqi Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wenjin Nie
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shibo Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Suming Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rydberg M, Bruening ML, Manicke NE. Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry with On-Paper Electrokinetic Manipulations: Part-Per-Trillion Detection of Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water and Opioids in Urine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401729. [PMID: 38657037 PMCID: PMC11344455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We developed a simple, paper-based device that enables sensitive detection by mass spectrometry (MS) without solid phase extraction or other sample preparation. Using glass fiber filter papers within a 3D printed holder, the device employs electrokinetic manipulations to stack, separate, and desalt charged molecules on paper prior to spray into the MS. Due to counter-balanced electroosmotic flow and electrophoresis, charged analytes stack on the paper and desalting occurs in minutes. One end of the paper strip was cut into a sharp point and positioned near the inlet of a MS. The stacked analyte bands move toward the paper tip with the EOF where they are ionized by paper spray. The device was applied to analysis of PFAS in tap water with sub part-per-trillion detection limits in less than ten minutes with no sample pretreatment. Analysis of opioids in urine also occurs in minutes. The crucial parameters to enable stacking, separation, and MS ionization of both positively and negatively charged analytes were determined and optimized. Experimental and computational modeling studies confirm the electrokinetic stacking and analyte transport mechanisms. On-paper separations were carried out by stacking analyte bands at different locations depending on their electrophoretic mobility, achieving baseline separation in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rydberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan J, Ma W, Yu Y, Li Y, Nie Z. Recent advances in entirely hand-held ionization sources for mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2057-2063. [PMID: 37930374 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has been developing explosively since its first debut. The ionization process was hence able to be achieved under atmospheric pressure, facilitating on-site field analysis in a variety of areas, such as clinical diagnosis, metabolic phenotyping, and surface analysis. As part of the ambitious goal of making MS a general device that can be used in everyday life, lots of efforts have been paid to miniaturize the ionization source. This review discusses avant-garde sources that could be entirely hand-held without any accessories. The structure and applications of the devices are described in detail as well. They could be expediently used in real-time and on-site analysis, presenting a great future potential for the routinizing of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yile Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuze Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Bai J, Wang K, Guo Y. Carbon fiber paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
6
|
Wang X, Hebert DD, Runsewe DO, Pohlman GE, Hoffmann WD, Irvin JA. Electroactive Polymer-Based Spray Ionization for Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1840-1849. [PMID: 36149251 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically deposited electroactive polymer (EAP) films were investigated for their potential to enhance the performance of ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Several EAPs of varying hydrophobicity were evaluated, including the superhydrophobic polymer poly[3,4-(2-dodecylethylenedioxy)thiophene] (PEDOT-C12). The EAPs were electropolymerized onto indium tin oxide-coated glass, placed in front of the inlet of a mass spectrometer, and charged to 3.5-4.5 kV. Analyte solutions were then applied to the surface, initiating ionization events. Analytes including peptides and small molecule pharmaceuticals were studied in 0.1% formic acid in methanol/water ("spray solvent") as well as in synthetic biological fluid matrices, using both EAP spray ionization (EAPSI) and paper spray ionization (PSI). Each EAPSI analysis required as little as 0.1 μL of solution, and the resulting sprays were stable and reproducible. The sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were evaluated using bradykinin, cannabinol, and cannabidiol, which were prepared in pure solvents, artificial urine, and artificial saliva. The limits of detection and quantitation for EAPSI were improved relative to PSI by 1-2 orders of magnitude for analytes prepared in methanol/water and on the same order of magnitude as PSI for analytes prepared in artificial saliva and urine. This EAP-based spray ionization technique offers possibilities for rapid MS analysis with small sample sizes, high accuracy, and miniaturization of MS instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - David D Hebert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Damilola O Runsewe
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Gabriel E Pohlman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - William D Hoffmann
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Jennifer A Irvin
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao G, Chu F, Zhou J. A Novel Integrated APCI and MPT Ionization Technique as Online Sensor for Trace Pesticides Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1816. [PMID: 35270963 PMCID: PMC8914877 DOI: 10.3390/s22051816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The misuse of pesticides poses a tremendous threat to human health. Excessive pesticide residues have been shown to cause many diseases. Many sensor detection methods have been developed, but most of them suffer from problems such as slow detection speed or narrow detection range. So, the development of rapid, direct and sensitive means of detecting trace amounts of pesticide residues is always necessary. A novel online sensor technique was developed for direct analysis of pesticides in complex matrices with no sample pretreatment. The portable sensor ion source consists of an MPT (microwave plasma torch) with desolventizing capability and an APCI (atmosphere pressure chemical ionization), which provides abundant precursor ions and a strong electric field. The performance which improves the ionization efficiency and suppresses the background signal was verified by using pesticide standard solution and pesticide pear juice solution measurements with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantization (LOQ) of the method were measured by pear juice solutions that were obtained in the ranges of 0.034-0.79 μg/L and 0.14-1 μg/L. Quantitative curves were obtained ranging from 0.5 to 100 μg/L that showed excellent semi-quantitative ability with correlation coefficients of 0.985-0.997. The recoveries (%) of atrazine, imidacloprid, dimethoate, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, and dichlorvos were 96.6%, 112.7%, 88.1%, 85.5%, 89.2%, and 101.9% with the RSDs ranging from 5.89-14.87%, respectively. The results show that the method has excellent sensitivity and quantification capability for rapid and direct detection of trace pesticide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Fengjian Chu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Chen J, Meng L, He L, Liu H, Xiong C, Nie Z. Pocket-Size "MasSpec Pointer" for Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13326-13333. [PMID: 34569226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Current ambient ionization sources for mass spectrometry (MS) are typically connected to gas cylinders, high-voltage supply, injection pump, and other accessory equipment, which hinder the popularization of MS in the field of on-site detection. Here, we developed a wireless pocket-size "MasSpec Pointer" (weights 65 g) based on arc discharge powered by a 3.7 V polymer Li battery for ambient ionization MS. A high voltage of 5600 V and 20 kHz was generated from the boost coil to penetrate air and form a plasma. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the high-voltage pulses is 3.8%, leading to a stable discharge and a good quantification performance. A mini diaphragm pump was used to cool the plasma from ∼600 to ∼40 °C and to blow the plasma into a jet, which facilitates sampling. MasSpec Pointer can work well at both positive- and negative-ion modes without any modification and can quickly test gaseous, liquid, or solid samples. The limit of detection of this device for atrazine (an agrochemical) is lower than 0.1 ng/mL. MasSpec Pointer has shown its ability to pinpoint the double-bond location of fatty acid isomers without derivatization reagents or light illumination. Agrochemicals from the surface of an apple and daily chemicals from the surface of a finger were detected successfully using MasSpec Pointer coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer. We believe the "point-and-shoot" device coupled with mini-MS brings the hope for an age of detecting chemicals on-site by nonprofessionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuying He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Niu W, Wang W, Qi S, Tong L, Mu X, Chen Z, Li W, Tang B. h-FBN assisted negative ion paper spray for the sensitive detection of small molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6612-6615. [PMID: 34116566 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion mode paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) suffers from intense background noise and unstable MS signal. For the first time, we reported fluorinated boron nitride nanosheet (h-FBN) assisted negative ion PS-MS for the detection of a series of molecules. We demonstrated that the introduction of h-FBN can greatly improve the detection sensitivity and signal stability in the negative ion mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihua Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyun Qi
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Mu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo P, Min K, Luo W, Huang S, Yang Z, Ma M, Liu S, Fang Z, Chen B, Zuilhof H. Ionization of glycans from alkali metal salt-impregnated paper. Talanta 2021; 234:122674. [PMID: 34364474 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ambient ionization of glycans is simply and efficiently achieved by spraying from an alkali metal salt-impregnated paper surface. Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and ring glycans easily form abundant alkali metal adduct ions, and give simple and clean high-quality mass spectra. The enhancement is specific for glycans, compared to a wide variety of non-glycan compounds present in a matrix. In addition, molecular weight of unknown glycans can be further identified based on the ion mass difference of various alkali metal adduct ions from a certain compound when using a mixed salt-impregnated paper containing five cation salts. Successful determination of glycans and glycoconjugates in plant extracts, honey, blood and urine demonstrates the practicability of this approach to complicated matrices, especially biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703, WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ke Min
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Zhengfa Fang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703, WE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Basuri P, Jana SK, Mondal B, Ahuja T, Unni K, Islam MR, Das S, Chakrabarti J, Pradeep T. 2D-Molybdenum Disulfide-Derived Ion Source for Mass Spectrometry. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5023-5031. [PMID: 33587609 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generation of current or potential at nanostructures using appropriate stimuli is one of the futuristic methods of energy generation. We developed an ambient soft ionization method for mass spectrometry using 2D-MoS2, termed streaming ionization, which eliminates the use of traditional energy sources needed for ion formation. The ionic dissociation-induced electrokinetic effect at the liquid-solid interface is the reason for energy generation. We report the highest figure of merit of current generation of 1.3 A/m2 by flowing protic solvents at 22 μL/min over a 1 × 1 mm2 surface coated with 2D-MoS2, which is adequate to produce continuous ionization of an array of analytes, making mass spectrometry possible. Weakly bound ion clusters and uric acid in urine have been detected. Further, the methodology was used as a self-energized breath alcohol sensor capable of detecting 3% alcohol in the breath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sourav Kanti Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Tripti Ahuja
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Keerthana Unni
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Subhashree Das
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Jaydeb Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Freitas D, Chen X, Cheng H, Davis A, Fallon B, Yan X. Recent Advances of In-Source Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2021; 86:434-445. [PMID: 33689239 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyphenation of electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool to study redox processes. Approaches that can achieve this hyphenation include integrating chromatography/electrophoresis between electroinduced redox reactions and detection of products, coupling an EC flow cell to a mass spectrometer, and performing electrochemical reactions inside the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The first two approaches have been well reviewed elsewhere. This Minireview highlights the inherent electrochemical properties of many mass spectrometry ion sources and their roles in the coupling of electrochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis. Development of modified ion sources that allow the compatibility of electrochemistry with ionization processes is also surveyed. Applications of different in-source electrochemical devices are provided including intermediate capturing, bioanalytical studies, nanoparticle formation, electrosynthesis, and electrode imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Austin Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Blake Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Rodriguez ES, Innis PC, Paull B. Applications of nanomaterials in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Amador VS, Moreira JS, Augusti R, Orlando RM, Piccin E. Direct coupling of paper spray mass spectrometry and four-phase electroextraction sample preparation. Analyst 2021; 146:1057-1064. [PMID: 33331369 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01699c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel coupling between a four-phase electroextraction (EE) system and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) for the extraction, pre-concentration, and direct analysis of target compounds in different samples. The approach, EE-PS-MS, is based on the sorption of analytes directly on the tip of a triangular-shaped chromatographic paper, with subsequent prompt analysis by PS-MS. Thus, no off-line extraction step is required before the PS analysis, improving the protocol efficiency and reducing the analysis time. In addition to functioning as a porous material to absorb the target compounds, the chromatographic paper also served as the support for one of the aqueous phases of the optimized four-phase electroextraction system. Extraction conditions, such as the composition of the donor and organic phases, applied electric potential, and extraction time, were optimized. Three different applications, involving biofluid, food, and water quality analysis, were evaluated as a proof-of-concept. These applications involved the determination of (i) cocaine and lidocaine in saliva, (ii) malachite green in tap water, and (iii) bisphenol A (BPA) in red wine. When compared with direct PS-MS, the novel EE-PS-MS protocol improved the sensitivities by factors ranging from 14 to 110, depending on the analyte and the sample. The electroextraction procedures were performed on a laboratory-built 66-well plate, which offered the functionality of simultaneous sample handling and, most importantly, improved analytical throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Silva Amador
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aquino A, Mayrink Alves Pereira G, Dossi N, Piccin E, Augusti R. Reagent-Pencil and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Convenient Combination for Selective Analyses in Complex Matrixes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:281-288. [PMID: 33176096 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments on fieldable miniature mass spectrometers require efforts to produce easy-to-use and portable alternative tools to assist in point-of-care analysis. In this paper, the reagent-pencil (RP) technology, which has been used for solvent-free deposition of reagents in paper-based microfluidics, was combined with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS-MS). In this approach, named RP-PS-MS, the PS triangular piece of paper was written with the reagent pencil, consisting of mixtures of graphite and bentonite (used as a support) and a reactive compound, and allowed to react with a given analyte from a sample matrix selectively. We conducted typical applications as proof-of-principles to verify the methodology's general usefulness in detecting small organic molecules in distinct samples. Hence, various aldehydes (2-furaldehyde, valeraldehyde, and benzaldehyde) in spiked cachaça samples (an alcoholic drink produced from fermentation/distillation of sugarcane juice) were promptly detected using a reagent pencil doped with 4-aminophenol (the reactive compound). Similarly, we recognized typical ginsenosides and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in ginseng aqueous infusions and soybean oil samples, respectively, using lithium chloride as the reactive compound. The results indicate that the reagent-pencil methodology is compatible with PS-MS and provides an easy and fast way to detect target analytes in complex samples. The advantage over the usual solution-based deposition of reagents lies in the lack of preparation or carrying different specific solutions for special applications, which can simplify operation, especially in point-of-care analysis with fieldable mass spectrometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Aquino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mayrink Alves Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, I-33100, Italy
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jayasundara K, Li C, DeBastiani A, Sharif D, Li P, Valentine SJ. Physicochemical Property Correlations with Ionization Efficiency in Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization (cVSSI). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:84-94. [PMID: 32856909 PMCID: PMC8130659 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The relative contributions to ionization efficiency by three molecular chemical properties have been examined for field-free and field-enabled capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) using mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Ion intensities have been recorded for model compounds under each operational ionization mode as well as for aqueous and nonaqueous (methanol) solvent systems. Multiple regression analysis suggests that for field-free cVSSI, ion intensity is mostly associated with the log of the base dissociation constant (pKb) and proton affinity (PA) for both aqueous and methanol solutions. Comparatively, for field-enabled cVSSI using aqueous solutions, the dominant factor correlated with ion intensity is the log of the partition coefficient (log P). To a lesser degree, this is observed for methanol solutions as well. For ESI, pKb is the dominant factor associated with ion signal levels from methanol and aqueous solutions. These results are supported by studies conducted on two different mass spectrometers employing different cVSSI emitter tips. The relationship of ion intensity and pKb in ESI is supported by multiple studies; however, the shift to other chemical properties with the addition of cVSSI suggests the possibility that a different (or combinations of) ionization mechanism(s) may be operative for these ionization modes. These results are briefly considered in light of the different ESI mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Li
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: , and .
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beneito-Cambra M, Gilbert-López B, Moreno-González D, Bouza M, Franzke J, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Ambient (desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry methods for pesticide testing in food: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4831-4852. [PMID: 33000770 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry refers to the family of techniques that allows ions to be generated from condensed phase samples under ambient conditions and then, collected and analysed by mass spectrometry. One of their key advantages relies on their ability to allow the analysis of samples with minimal to no sample workup. This feature maps well to the requirements of food safety testing, in particular, those related to the fast determination of pesticide residues in foods. This review discusses the application of different ambient ionization methods for the qualitative and (semi)quantitative determination of pesticides in foods, with the focus on different specific methods used and their ionization mechanisms. More popular techniques used are those commercially available including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MS), direct analysis on real time (DART-MS), paper spray (PS-MS) and low-temperature plasma (LTP-MS). Several applications described with ambient MS have reported limits of quantitation approaching those of reference methods, typically based on LC-MS and generic sample extraction procedures. Some of them have been combined with portable mass spectrometers thus allowing "in situ" analysis. In addition, these techniques have the ability to map surfaces (ambient MS imaging) to unravel the distribution of agrochemicals on crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beneito-Cambra
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM-323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Song X, Chen H, Zare RN. Coulometry-assisted quantitation in spray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 56:e4628. [PMID: 33245185 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of target analyte in a mixture can be quantified by combining coulometric measurements with spray ionization mass spectrometry. A three-electrode system screen printed on the polymer support acts both as the coulometry platform for electrochemical oxidation and the sample loading tip for spray ionization. After loading a droplet of the analyte solution onto the tip, two steps were taken to implement quantitation. First, the electrochemical oxidation potential was optimized with cyclic voltammetry followed by coulometric measurements to calculate the amount of oxidized analyte under a constant low voltage within a fixed period of time (5 s). Then, a high voltage (+4.5 kV) was applied to the tip to trigger spray ionization for measuring the oxidation yield from the native analyte ion and its oxidized product ion intensities by mass spectrometry. The analyte's native concentration is quantified by dividing the oxidized product's concentration (based on Coulomb's law) and the oxidation yield (estimated from mass spectrometry [MS] assuming that the parent and oxidation product have nearly the same ionization efficiencies). The workflow has an advantage in being free of any standard for constructing the quantitation curve. Several model compounds (tyrosine, dopamine, and angiotensin II) were selected for method validation. It was demonstrated that this strategy was feasible with an accuracy of ~15% for a wide coverage of different species including endogenous metabolites and peptides. As an example of its possible practical use, it was initially employed to make a bilirubin assay in urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frey BS, Damon DE, Badu-Tawiah AK. Emerging trends in paper spray mass spectrometry: Microsampling, storage, direct analysis, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:336-370. [PMID: 31491055 PMCID: PMC7875099 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the sensitivity of chemical instrumentation have led to increased interest in the use of microsamples for translational and biomedical research. Paper substrates are by far the most widely used media for biofluid collection, and mass spectrometry is the preferred method of analysis of the resultant dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Although there have been a variety of review papers published on DBS, there has been no attempt to unify the century old DBS methodology with modern applications utilizing modified paper and paper-based microfluidics for sampling, storage, processing, and analysis. This critical review will discuss how mass spectrometry has expanded the utility of paper substrates from sample collection and storage, to direct complex mixture analysis to on-surface reaction monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Deidre E Damon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Díaz-Liñán MC, García-Valverde MT, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, López-Lorente AI. Paper-based sorptive phases for microextraction and sensing. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3074-3091. [PMID: 32930167 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simplification of the analytical procedures, including cost-effective materials and detectors, is a current research trend. In this context, paper has been identified as a useful material thanks to its low price and high availability in different compositions (office, filter, chromatographic). Its porosity, flexibility, and planar geometry permit the design of flow-through devices compatible with most instrumental techniques. This article provides a general overview of the potential of paper, as substrate, on the simplification of analytical chemistry methodologies. The design of paper-based sorptive phases is considered in-depth, and the different functionalization strategies are described. Considering our experience in sample preparation, special attention has been paid to the use of these phases under the classical microextraction-analysis workflow, which usually includes a chromatographic separation of the analytes before their determination. However, the interest of these materials extends beyond this field as they can be easily implemented into spectroscopic and electrochemical sensors. Finally, the direct analysis of paper substrates in mass spectrometry, in the so-called paper-spray technique is also discussed. This review is more focused on presenting ideas rather than the description of specific applications to draw a general picture of the potential of these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Díaz-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M T García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - R Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - S Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - A I López-Lorente
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bianchi F, Mattarozzi M, Careri M. The role of surface in desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: advances and future trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3967-3973. [PMID: 32385578 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An outlook on the current status and trends in desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), one of the most common spray-based techniques for ambient ionization, is given with a focus on the main advances recently achieved or still in progress regarding studies of surface properties affecting the signal stability and efficiency of the DESI process. Future directions that the field may take in the years to come are discussed, with particular focus on bioanalytical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Narayanan R, Song X, Chen H, Zare RN. Teflon Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:234-239. [PMID: 31939677 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethene, commonly known as Teflon, is a plastic famous for its inertness, strength, and nonstick properties, allowing its repeated use in many applications. We report the use of a triangularly cut Teflon substrate to take the place of paper in a form of spray mass spectrometry. A conducting wire (gold) at high potential (positive or negative) makes contact with a drop of the liquid sample at the apex of the triangle, causing a spray of droplets to be directed toward the heated inlet of a mass spectrometer. Saccharides, drugs, illegal additives, peptides, proteins, bilirubin, and vancomycin give mass spectra with high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios, allowing detection at the nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) level. Examination of each of these analytes demonstrates that Teflon spray is several orders of magnitude more sensitive than paper spray under the same conditions. Teflon spray ionization mass spectrometry is applied to the metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of biological fluid samples. Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved with Teflon spray at 10 μg/mL concentrations. These experiments show the advantage of using Teflon over a normal paper substrate in detecting many environmentally and biologically relevant systems with high sensitivity and S/N ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Swiner DJ, Jackson S, Durisek GR, Walsh BK, Kouatli Y, Badu-Tawiah AK. Microsampling with cotton thread: Storage and ultra-sensitive analysis by thread spray mass Spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1082:98-105. [PMID: 31472717 PMCID: PMC6814156 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Storage and quantitative analysis of small volumes of biofluids are challenging, especially when low concentrations of analytes are to be detected in the presence of complex matrices. In this study, we describe an integrated thread-based approach for stabilizing small blood volumes in the dry-state at room temperature, while also offering direct analysis capabilities via thread spray mass spectrometry. The analytical merits of this novel microsampling platform was demonstrated via the direct analysis of diazepam and cocaine in dried blood samples stored for 42 days. In-situ in-capillary blood processing from hydrophobic threads enabled limits of detection as low as parts-per-quadrillion to be reached. We validated this ultra-sensitivity by analyzing small tissue-like residues collected after pushing a thread through the sample once. The implications of this sample collection, storage, and analysis platform can be extensive with direct applications in forensics and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin J Swiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43110, USA
| | - Sierra Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43110, USA
| | - George R Durisek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43110, USA
| | - Bridget K Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43110, USA
| | - Yaman Kouatli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43110, USA
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Potential analytical methods for on-site oral drug test: Recent developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
25
|
Yang Y, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu T, Jiang Z, Tong L, Tang B. A Simple 3D-Printed Enzyme Reactor Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Platform for Detecting BuChE Activity in Human Serum. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12874-12881. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A low-voltage paper spray ionization QTOF-MS method for the qualitative analysis of NPS in street drug blotter samples. Forensic Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
27
|
Wichert WRA, Dhummakupt ES, Zhang C, Mach PM, Bernhards RC, Glaros T, Manicke NE. Detection of Protein Toxin Simulants from Contaminated Surfaces by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1406-1415. [PMID: 30859394 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteinaceous toxins are harmful proteins derived from plants, bacteria, and other natural sources. They pose a risk to human health due to infection and also as possible biological warfare agents. Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) with wipe sampling was used to detect proteins from surfaces as a potential tool for identifying the presence of these toxins. Proteins ranging in mass between 12.4 and 66.5 kDa were tested, including a biological toxin simulant/vaccine for Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEBv). Various substrates were tested for these representative proteins, including a laboratory bench, a notebook cover, steel, glass, plant leaf and vinyl flooring. Carbon sputtered porous polyethylene (CSPP) was found to outperform typical chromatography paper used for paper spray, as well as carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated paper and polyethylene (PE), which have been previously shown to be well-suited for protein analysis. Low microgram quantities of the protein toxin simulant and other test proteins were successfully detected with good signal-to-noise from surfaces using a porous wipe. These applications demonstrate that PS-MS can potentially be used for rapid, sample preparation-free detection of proteins and biological warfare agents, which would be beneficial to first responders and warfighters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R A Wichert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Dhummakupt
- Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5424, USA
| | - Chengsen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5424, USA
| | - Robert C Bernhards
- Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5424, USA
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA, 22060, USA
| | - Trevor Glaros
- Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5424, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Basuri P, Baidya A, Pradeep T. Sub-Parts-per-Trillion Level Detection of Analytes by Superhydrophobic Preconcentration Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SHPPSI MS). Anal Chem 2019; 91:7118-7124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Avijit Baidya
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Q, Liu X, Li Z, Su Y, Guo Y. Rapid quantitative analysis with low matrix effects of capsaicin in various samples by thermal desorption carbon fiber ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1048:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Narayanan R, Basuri P, Jana SK, Mahendranath A, Bose S, Pradeep T. In situ monitoring of electrochemical reactions through CNT-assisted paper cell mass spectrometry. Analyst 2019; 144:5404-5412. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of coupling electrochemistry (EC) with mass spectrometry (MS) is illustrated with a paper-based electrochemical cell supported by carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Narayanan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Sourav Kanti Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Ananthu Mahendranath
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Sandeep Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Development of paper substrate for paper spray MS in high-sensitivity analysis of biological samples. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:2047-2067. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper spray (PS) has demonstrated a promising future for direct mass spectrometric analysis. In the process of PS, paper substrate has been demonstrated as a crucial factor in determining the final performance of PS-MS, and therefore much attention is paid to modification of paper substrate. In this review, we systematically introduce the development of paper substrate for PS. Various commercial and modified papers are comprehensively reviewed, and much effort is focused on some physical and chemical approaches for modification of paper substrate. The application of modified paper substrates to biological sample analyses is discussed. The future promising directions of paper substrate for PS are highlighted.
Collapse
|
32
|
Carmany DO, Mach PM, Rizzo GM, Dhummakupt ES, McBride EM, Sekowski JW, Benton B, Demond PS, Busch MW, Glaros T. On-substrate Enzymatic Reaction to Determine Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Whole Blood by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2436-2442. [PMID: 30280314 PMCID: PMC6276064 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, all assays measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity following a suspected nerve agent exposure leverage methodologies that fail to identify the agent. This limits the overall effectiveness and ability to administer proper countermeasures. As such, there is an urgent need to identify novel, rapid, and more comprehensive approaches to establish AChE activity, including identification of the toxicant. Paper spray mass spectrometry was used to monitor the activity of acetylcholinesterase, both in-solution and on modified hydrophobic paper surface. Hydrophobic paper surfaces were prepared using vaporized trichloro(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane. In both approaches, mixtures of diluted human whole blood with and without VX were mixed with a non-endogenous AChE specific substrate, 1,1-dimethyl-4-acetylthiomethylpiperidinium (MATP+). Formation of the cleaved MATP+ product was monitored over time and compared to MATP+ to determine relative AChE activity. This on-substrate assay was effective at determining AChE activity and identifying the toxicant; however, determination of AChE activity in-solution proceeded at a slower rate. The on-substrate assay serves as a pioneering example of an enzymatic reaction occurring on the surface of a paper spray ionization ticket. This work broadens the range of applications relating to paper spray ionization-based clinical diagnostic assays. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Carmany
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Ave, Suite 360, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Biosciences Division, BioDefense Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Rizzo
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Ave, Suite 360, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Dhummakupt
- Biosciences Division, BioDefense Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Ethan M McBride
- Biosciences Division, BioDefense Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Jennifer W Sekowski
- Biosciences Division, BioDefense Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Bernard Benton
- Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Analytical Toxicology Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Paul S Demond
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Ave, Suite 360, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Michael W Busch
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Ave, Suite 360, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Trevor Glaros
- Biosciences Division, BioDefense Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The impacts of paper properties on matrix effects during paper spray mass spectrometry analysis of prescription drugs, fentanyl and synthetic cannabinoids. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
This paper focuses on one of the most commonly encountered materials in our society, namely paper. Paper is an inherently complex material, yet its use provides for chemical analysis approaches that are elegant in their simplicity of execution. In the first half of the previous century, paper in scientific research was used mainly for filtration and chromatographic separation. While its use decreased with the rise of modern elution chromatography, paper remains a versatile substrate for low-cost analytical tests. Recently, we have seen renewed interest to work with paper in (bio)analytical science, a result of the growing demand for inexpensive, portable analysis. Dried blood spotting, paper microfluidics, and paper spray ionization are areas in which paper is (re)establishing itself as an important material. These research areas all exploit several properties of paper, including stable sample storage, passive fluid movement and manipulation, chromatographic separation/extraction, modifiable surface and/or volume, easily altered shape, easy transport, and low cost. We propose that the real, and to date underexploited, potential of paper lies in utilizing its combined characteristics to add new dimensions to paper-based (bio)chemical analysis, expanding its applicability. This article provides the reader with a short historical perspective on the scientific use of paper and the developments that led to the establishment of the aforementioned research areas. We review important characteristics of paper and place them in a scientific context in this descriptive, yet critical, assessment of the achieved and the achievable in paper-based analysis. The ultimate goal is the exploration of integrative approaches at the interface between the different fields in which paper is or can be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - M Grajewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - E Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chiang S, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry: recent advances and clinical applications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:781-789. [PMID: 30223684 PMCID: PMC6320440 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1525295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paper spray mass spectrometry has provided a rapid, quantitative ambient ionization method for xenobiotic and biomolecule analysis. As an alternative to traditional sample preparation and chromatography, paper spray demonstrates the sampling ionization of a wide range of molecules and significant sensitivity from complex biofluids. The amenability of paper spray with dried blood spots and other sampling types shows strong potential for rapid, point-of-care (POC) analysis without time-consuming separation procedures. Areas covered: This special report summarizes the current state and advances in paper spray mass spectrometry that relate to its applicability for clinical analysis. It also provides our perspectives on the future development of paper spray mass spectrometry and its potential roles in clinical settings. Expert commentary: Paper spray has provided the fundamental aspects of ambient ionization needed for implementation at the POC. With further clinical management and standardization, paper spray has the potential to replace traditional complex analysis procedure for rapid quantitative detection of illicit drugs, therapeutic drugs and metabolites. Surface and substrate modifications also offer significant improvement in desorption and ionization efficiencies, resulting in enhanced sensitivity. Comprehensive analysis of metabolites and lipids will further extend the implementation of paper spray ionization mass spectrometry into clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology
and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing,
China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology
and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing,
China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology
and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing,
China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Song X, Chen H, Zare RN. Conductive Polymer Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Biofluid Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12878-12885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rapid identification of regulated organic chemical compounds in toys using ambient ionization and a miniature mass spectrometry system. Talanta 2018; 180:182-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Dhummakupt ES, Carmany DO, Mach PM, Tovar TM, Ploskonka AM, Demond PS, DeCoste JB, Glaros T. Metal-Organic Framework Modified Glass Substrate for Analysis of Highly Volatile Chemical Warfare Agents by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8359-8365. [PMID: 29411963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray mass spectrometry has been shown to successfully analyze chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants. However, due to the volatility differences between the simulants and real G-series (i.e., sarin, soman) CWAs, analysis from an untreated paper substrate proved difficult. To extend the analytical lifetime of these G-agents, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were successfully integrated onto the paper spray substrates to increase adsorption and desorption. In this study, several MOFs and nanoparticles were tested to extend the analytical lifetimes of sarin, soman, and cyclosarin on paper spray substrates. It was found that the addition of either UiO-66 or HKUST-1 to the paper substrate increased the analytical lifetime of the G-agents from less than 5 min detectability to at least 50 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Dhummakupt
- Research and Technology Directorate , U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Daniel O Carmany
- Excet, Inc. 6225 Brandon Avenue, Suite 360 , Springfield , Virginia 22150 , United States
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Excet, Inc. 6225 Brandon Avenue, Suite 360 , Springfield , Virginia 22150 , United States
| | - Trenton M Tovar
- Research and Technology Directorate , U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Ann M Ploskonka
- Leidos, Inc. , Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) , P.O. Box 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Paul S Demond
- Excet, Inc. 6225 Brandon Avenue, Suite 360 , Springfield , Virginia 22150 , United States
| | - Jared B DeCoste
- Research and Technology Directorate , U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Trevor Glaros
- Research and Technology Directorate , U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei SC, Fan S, Lien CW, Unnikrishnan B, Wang YS, Chu HW, Huang CC, Hsu PH, Chang HT. Graphene oxide membrane as an efficient extraction and ionization substrate for spray-mass spectrometric analysis of malachite green and its metabolite in fish samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1003:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
40
|
Xia B, Gao Y, Ji B, Ma F, Ding L, Zhou Y. Analysis of Compounds Dissolved in Nonpolar Solvents by Electrospray Ionization on Conductive Nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:573-580. [PMID: 29372550 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique has limitations in analysis of compounds that are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. In this study, ambient ionization of compounds in solvents that are not "friendly" to electrospray ionization, such as n-hexane, is achieved by conductive nanomaterials spray ionization (CNMSI) on nanomaterial emitters, including carbon nanotubes paper and mesodendritic silver covered metal, which applies high voltages to emitters made of these materials without the assistance of polar solvents. Although the time intensity curves (TIC) commonly vary from 4.5% to 23.7% over analyses, protonated molecular ions were found to be the most abundant species, demonstrating good reproducibility of the technique in terms of ionized species. Higher mass spectrometric responses are observed in analyzing nonpolar systems than polar systems. 2-Methoxyacetophenone, 4-methylacetophenone, benzothiazole, quinolone, and cycloheptanone as low as 2 pg in n-hexane can be directly detected using the developed method. The developed technique expands the analysis capability of ESI-MS for direct, online analysis of nonpolar systems, such as low polarity extracts, normal phase liquid chromatography eluates, and synthetic mixtures. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bianchi F, Riboni N, Termopoli V, Mendez L, Medina I, Ilag L, Cappiello A, Careri M. MS-Based Analytical Techniques: Advances in Spray-Based Methods and EI-LC-MS Applications. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:1308167. [PMID: 29850370 PMCID: PMC5937452 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1308167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the most powerful technique for the detection and identification of organic compounds. It can provide molecular weight information and a wealth of structural details that give a unique fingerprint for each analyte. Due to these characteristics, mass spectrometry-based analytical methods are showing an increasing interest in the scientific community, especially in food safety, environmental, and forensic investigation areas where the simultaneous detection of targeted and nontargeted compounds represents a key factor. In addition, safety risks can be identified at the early stage through online and real-time analytical methodologies. In this context, several efforts have been made to achieve analytical instrumentation able to perform real-time analysis in the native environment of samples and to generate highly informative spectra. This review article provides a survey of some instrumental innovations and their applications with particular attention to spray-based MS methods and food analysis issues. The survey will attempt to cover the state of the art from 2012 up to 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, LC-MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Mendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Leopold Ilag
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achille Cappiello
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, LC-MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu ML, Chen TY, Chen YC, Chen YC. Carbon Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Analytes in Vapor, Liquid, and Solid Phases. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13458-13465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Li Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nahan KS, Alvarez N, Shanov V, Vonderheide A. Carbon Nanotube Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Fundamental Study of a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalized Corona Discharge Pin for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2408-2413. [PMID: 28884369 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry continues to tackle many complicated tasks, and ongoing research seeks to simplify its instrumentation as well as sampling. The desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source was the first ambient ionization source to function without extensive gas requirements and chromatography. Electrospray techniques generally have low efficiency for ionization of nonpolar analytes and some researchers have resorted to methods such as direct analysis in real time (DART) or desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI) for their analysis. In this work, a carbon nanotube fiber ionization (nanoCFI) source was developed and was found to be capable of solid phase microextraction (SPME) of nonpolar analytes as well as ionization and sampling similar to that of direct probe atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DP-APCI). Conductivity and adsorption were maintained by utilizing a corona pin functionalized with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) thread. Quantitative work with the nanoCFI source with a designed corona discharge pin insert demonstrated linearity up to 0.97 (R2) of three target PAHs with phenanthrene internal standard. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keaton S Nahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, University of Cincinnati, Mail Location 0172, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| | - Noe Alvarez
- Nanoworld Laboratories, Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- Nanoworld Laboratories, Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Anne Vonderheide
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hecht M, Evard H, Takkis K, Veigure RT, Aro R, Lohmus R, Herodes K, Leito I, Kipper K. Sponge Spray-Reaching New Dimensions of Direct Sampling and Analysis by MS. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11592-11597. [PMID: 29028329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation for the analysis of clinical samples with the mass spectrometer (MS) can be extensive and expensive. Simplifying and speeding up the process would be very beneficial. This paper reports sponge spray-a novel sampling and direct MS analysis approach-attempting exactly that. It enables direct analysis without any sample preparation from dried blood, plasma, and urine. The tip of a volumetric absorptive microsampling device is used to collect an exact amount of sample and from that same tip an electrospray can be directed into a mass spectrometer. We demonstrate here that, although with significant matrix effects, quantitation of penicillin G, a common antimicrobial, is possible in plasma and in urine, with essentially no sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Hecht
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hanno Evard
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalev Takkis
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ru Ta Veigure
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rudolf Aro
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rynno Lohmus
- University of Tartu , Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Street 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Kipper
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London , Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.,Analytical Services International, St George's University of London , Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sarkar D, Som A, Pradeep T. Catalytic Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Metal Nanotubes and the Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11378-11382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Depanjan Sarkar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 60036, India
| | - Anirban Som
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 60036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 60036, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Salentijn GI, Oleschuk RD, Verpoorte E. 3D-Printed Paper Spray Ionization Cartridge with Integrated Desolvation Feature and Ion Optics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11419-11426. [PMID: 29039912 PMCID: PMC5677766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
this work we present the application of 3D-printing for the
miniaturization and functionalization of an ion source for (portable)
mass spectrometry (MS). Two versions of a 3D-printed cartridge for
paper spray ionization (PSI) are demonstrated, assessed, and compared.
We first focus on the use of 3D-printing to enable the integration
of an embedded electrostatic lens and a manifold for internal sheath
gas distribution and delivery. Cartridges with and without a sheath
gas manifold and an electrostatic lens are compared with respect to
analytical performance and operational flexibility. The sensitivity
and limit of detection are improved in the cartridge with an electrostatic
lens and sheath gas manifold compared to the cartridge without (15%
and over 6.5× smaller, respectively). The use of these focusing
elements also improved the average spray stability. Furthermore, the
range of potentials required for PSI was lower, and the distance to
the MS orifice over which spray could be obtained was larger. Importantly,
both setups allowed quantification of a model drug in the ng/mL range
with single-stage MS, after correction for spray instability. Finally,
we believe that this work is an example of the impact that 3D-printing
will have on the future of analytical device fabrication, miniaturization,
and functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R D Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dulay MT, Zare RN. Polymer-spray mass spectrometric detection and quantitation of hydrophilic compounds and some narcotics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1651-1658. [PMID: 28792093 PMCID: PMC5591076 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-throughput screening of biofluids is essential in monitoring concentration of a variety of drugs to determine their efficacy and toxicity. Organosiloxane polymers prepared by sol-gel chemistry as sample supports, and electrospray ionization emitters in a single material and as an alternative to paper substrates, is described in this study. METHODS Hydrophobic drugs and hydrophilic streptomycin were analyzed by polymer-spray mass spectrometry with an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Drug samples in urine (1-2 μL) were deposited on an OSX polymer, allowed to dry, then electrosprayed from the polymer tip into the mass spectrometer without sample pretreatment. The OSX polymers, whose polarity and porosity can be controlled, were prepared by sol-gel chemistry where methyl-substituted alkoxysilanes were hydrolyzed in the presence of a pore template and an acid catalyst. RESULTS Five nanograms each of seven narcotic drugs were detected in <1 min (relative standard deviation (RSD) of response <1% for each drug). Calibration curves of cocaine and streptomycin in urine were used to establish the performance of the polymer. For sample 1 (n = 2), the mean recovery for cocaine was 81% with paper and 90% with polymer. Streptomycin is detected with polymer, not with paper; for samples 1 and 2 (n = 3), mean recovery was 97% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Organosiloxane polymers achieve more sensitive analysis than paper, allowing for more accurate quantitation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug compounds. The ability to tailor the polymer polarity and porosity allows for the synthesis of a wide range of polymers, and thus opens many possibilities for further development and applications.
Collapse
|
48
|
Fedick PW, Bills BJ, Manicke NE, Cooks RG. Forensic Sampling and Analysis from a Single Substrate: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Followed by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10973-10979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Fedick
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brandon J. Bills
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Manicke
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Narayanan R, Pradeep T. Probing Coordination Complexes by Carbon Nanotube-Assisted Low-Voltage Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10696-10701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Narayanan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic
Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic
Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang C, Glaros T, Manicke NE. Targeted Protein Detection Using an All-in-One Mass Spectrometry Cartridge. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10996-10999. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengsen Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Trevor Glaros
- BioSciences
Division, BioDefense Branch, US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Manicke
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|