1
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Boddy A, Sahay AK, Rivers EL, White AJP, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Enantioselective Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirocyclic Azetidine Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2079-2084. [PMID: 38447584 PMCID: PMC10949229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Spiro-3,2'-azetidine oxindoles combine two independently important pharmacophores in an understudied spirocyclic motif that is attractive for medicinal chemistry. Here, the enantioselective synthesis of these structures is achieved in up to 2:98 er through intramolecular C-C bond formation, involving activation of the substrate with a novel SF5-containing chiral cation phase-transfer (PT) catalyst. The products are readily elaborated/deprotected to afford medicinally relevant enantioenriched compounds. Control experiments suggest an interfacial PT mechanism, whereby catalytic asymmetric induction is achieved through the activation of the chloride leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Boddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Aditya K. Sahay
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Emma L. Rivers
- Hit
Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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2
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Yang H, Yu H, Stolarzewicz IA, Tang W. Enantioselective Transformations in the Synthesis of Therapeutic Agents. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9397-9446. [PMID: 37417731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of approved chiral drugs and drug candidates under medical studies has surged dramatically over the past two decades. As a consequence, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals or their synthetic intermediates poses a profound challenge to medicinal and process chemists. The significant advancement in asymmetric catalysis has provided an effective and reliable solution to this challenge. The successful application of transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis to the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries has promoted drug discovery by efficient and precise preparation of enantio-enriched therapeutic agents, and facilitated the industrial production of active pharmaceutical ingredient in an economic and environmentally friendly fashion. The present review summarizes the most recent applications (2008-2022) of asymmetric catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry ranging from process scales to pilot and industrial levels. It also showcases the latest achievements and trends in the asymmetric synthesis of therapeutic agents with state of the art technologies of asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Izabela A Stolarzewicz
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Ramachanderan R, Schramm S, Schaefer B. Migraine drugs. CHEMTEXTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40828-023-00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAccording to recent studies, migraine affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, making it one of the world’s most prevalent diseases. Although this highly debilitating illness has been known since ancient times, the first therapeutic drugs to treat migraine, ergotamine (Gynergen) and dihydroergotamine (Dihydergot), did not appear on the market until 1921 and 1946, respectively. Both drugs originated from Sandoz, the world’s leading pharmaceutical company in ergot alkaloid research at the time. Historically, ergot alkaloids had been primarily used in obstetrics, but with methysergide (1-methyl-lysergic acid 1′-hydroxy-butyl-(2S)-amide), it became apparent that they also held some potential in migraine treatment. Methysergide was the first effective prophylactic drug developed specifically to prevent migraine attacks in 1959. On the basis of significantly improved knowledge of migraine pathophysiology and the discovery of serotonin and its receptors, Glaxo was able to launch sumatriptan in 1992. It was the first member from the class of triptans, which are selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists. Recent innovations in acute and preventive migraine therapy include lasmiditan, a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, the gepants, which are calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists discovered at Merck & Co and BMS, and anti-CGRP/receptor monoclonal antibodies from Amgen, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and others.
Graphical abstract
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4
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Ruck RT, Strotman NA, Krska SW. The Catalysis Laboratory at Merck: 20 Years of Catalyzing Innovation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supplies, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
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5
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Gallarati S, van Gerwen P, Laplaza R, Vela S, Fabrizio A, Corminboeuf C. OSCAR: an extensive repository of chemically and functionally diverse organocatalysts. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13782-13794. [PMID: 36544722 PMCID: PMC9710326 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The automated construction of datasets has become increasingly relevant in computational chemistry. While transition-metal catalysis has greatly benefitted from bottom-up or top-down strategies for the curation of organometallic complexes libraries, the field of organocatalysis is mostly dominated by case-by-case studies, with a lack of transferable data-driven tools that facilitate both the exploration of a wider range of catalyst space and the optimization of reaction properties. For these reasons, we introduce OSCAR, a repository of 4000 experimentally derived organocatalysts along with their corresponding building blocks and combinatorially enriched structures. We outline the fragment-based approach used for database generation and showcase the chemical diversity, in terms of functions and molecular properties, covered in OSCAR. The structures and corresponding stereoelectronic properties are publicly available (https://archive.materialscloud.org/record/2022.106) and constitute the starting point to build generative and predictive models for organocatalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Puck van Gerwen
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sergi Vela
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
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6
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Yi Y, Xi C. Photo-catalyzed sequential dearomatization/carboxylation of benzyl o-halogenated aryl ether with CO2 leading to spirocyclic carboxylic acids. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Buttard F, Champagne PA. Binding Modes and Origins of Enantioselectivity in the Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Conjugate Cyanation of β-Trifluoromethylated Chalcones. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floris Buttard
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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8
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Pan Y, Ren W, Zhang Z, Luo F, Hou X, Li X, Yang YF, Wang Y. Tandem 1,6-addition/cyclopropanation/rearrangement reaction of vinylogous para-quinone methides with 3-chlorooxindoles: construction of vicinal quaternary carbon centers. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel tandem 1,6-addition/cyclopropanation/rearrangement reaction of vinylogous para-quinone methides with 3-chlorooxindoles has been developed, providing dispirooxindole–cyclopentane–cyclohexadienones with vicinal quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fengbiao Luo
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
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9
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Tilby MJ, Dewez DF, Hall A, Martínez Lamenca C, Willis MC. Exploiting Configurational Lability in Aza‐Sulfur Compounds for the Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Tilby
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Damien F. Dewez
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | | | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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10
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Tilby MJ, Dewez DF, Hall A, Martínez Lamenca C, Willis MC. Exploiting Configurational Lability in Aza-Sulfur Compounds for the Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25680-25687. [PMID: 34558788 PMCID: PMC9298307 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods for establishing the absolute configuration of sulfur‐stereogenic aza‐sulfur derivatives are scarce, often relying on cumbersome protocols and a limited pool of enantioenriched starting materials. We have addressed this by exploiting, for the first time, a feature of sulfonimidamides in which it is possible for tautomeric structures to also be enantiomeric. Such sulfonimidamides can readily generate prochiral ions, which we have exploited in an enantioselective alkylation process. Selectivity is achieved using a readily prepared bis‐quaternized phase‐transfer catalyst. The overall process establishes the capability of configurationally labile aza‐sulfur species to be used in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Damien F Dewez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Adrian Hall
- UCB Biopharma, 1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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11
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Yu L, Liu J, Wang H, Xu L, Wu Y, Zheng C, Zhao G. Asymmetric Dieckmann Condensation towards Spirocyclic Oxindoles Catalyzed by Amino Acid‐Derived Phosphonium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
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12
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Visible light-promoted enantioselective aerobic oxidation of pyrazolones by phase transfer catalysis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Bencivenni G, Salazar Illera D, Moccia M, Houk KN, Izzo JA, Novacek J, Grieco P, Vetticatt MJ, Waser M, Adamo MFA. Study of Ground State Interactions of Enantiopure Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Amides, Nitroalkanes, Nitroalkenes, Esters, Heterocycles, Ketones and Fluoroamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:11352-11366. [PMID: 33963788 PMCID: PMC8453964 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phase‐transfer catalysis provides high level of enantiocontrol, however no experimental data showed the interaction of catalysts and substrates. 1H NMR titration was carried out on Cinchona and Maruoka ammonium bromides vs. nitro, carbonyl, heterocycles, and N−F containing compounds. It was found that neutral organic species and quaternary ammonium salts interacted via an ensemble of catalyst +N−C−H and (sp2)C−H, specific for each substrate studied. The correspondent BArF salts interacted with carbonyls via a diverse set of +N−C−H and (sp2)C−H compared to bromides. This data suggests that BArF ammonium salts may display a different enantioselectivity profile. Although not providing quantitative data for the affinity constants, the data reported proofs that chiral ammonium salts coordinate with substrates, prior to transition state, through specific C−H positions in their structures, providing a new rational to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity in their catalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Bencivenni
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Diana Salazar Illera
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Maria Moccia
- CNR-ICC, Institute of Crystallography, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Joseph A Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of NY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Johanna Novacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Mathew J Vetticatt
- Department of Chemistry, State University of NY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Mauro F A Adamo
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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14
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Wang Y, Wang S, Qiu P, Fang L, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhao T. Asymmetric α-electrophilic difluoromethylation of β-keto esters by phase transfer catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4788-4795. [PMID: 33982742 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and enantioselective α-electrophilic difluoromethylation of β-keto esters has been achieved by phase-transfer catalysis. This procedure is applicable to different kinds of β-keto esters with a series of cinchona-derived C-2' aryl-substituted phase-transfer catalysts. The reaction gives the corresponding products in good enantioselectivities (up to 83% ee) and yields (up to 92%) with high C/O regioselectivities (up to 98 : 2). Moreover, the C/O selectivity of β-keto esters could be easily reversed and controlled. This asymmetric difluoromethylation provided a novel and efficient way for introducing chiral C-CF2H groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Shuaifei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Peiyong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Lizhen Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Yawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Conghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
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15
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Zirimwabagabo JO, Jailani ABA, Avgoustou P, Tozer MJ, Gibson KR, Glossop PA, Mills JEJ, Porter RA, Blaney P, Wang N, Skerry TM, Richards GO, Harrity JPA. Discovery of a First-In-Class Small Molecule Antagonist against the Adrenomedullin-2 Receptor: Structure-Activity Relationships and Optimization. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3299-3319. [PMID: 33666424 PMCID: PMC8006142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain an underexploited target for drug development. The calcitonin receptor (CTR) family is particularly challenging, as its receptors are heteromers comprising two distinct components: the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) or calcitonin receptor (CTR) together with one of three accessory proteins known as receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). CLR/RAMP1 forms a CGRP receptor, CLR/RAMP2 forms an adrenomedullin-1 (AM1) receptor, and CLR/RAMP3 forms an adrenomedullin-2 (AM2) receptor. The CTR/RAMP complexes form three distinct amylin receptors. While the selective blockade of AM2 receptors would be therapeutically valuable, inhibition of AM1 receptors would cause clinically unacceptable increased blood pressure. We report here a systematic study of structure-activity relationships that has led to the development of first-in-class AM2 receptor antagonists. These compounds exhibit therapeutically valuable properties with 1000-fold selectivity over the AM1 receptor. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of AM2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameera B. A. Jailani
- Department
of Oncology and Metabolism, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Paris Avgoustou
- Department
of Oncology and Metabolism, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | | | - Karl R. Gibson
- Sandexis
Medicinal Chemistry Ltd., Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K.
| | - Paul A. Glossop
- Sandexis
Medicinal Chemistry Ltd., Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K.
| | | | | | - Paul Blaney
- Concept
Life Sciences, High Peak SK23 0PG, U.K.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department
of Oncology and Metabolism, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Timothy M. Skerry
- Department
of Oncology and Metabolism, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Gareth O. Richards
- Department
of Oncology and Metabolism, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
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16
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Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
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17
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Chu H, Cheng J, Yang J, Guo Y, Zhang J. Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indole by Palladium/PC‐Phos‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoke Chu
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Stake Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yin‐Long Guo
- Stake Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
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18
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Chu H, Cheng J, Yang J, Guo YL, Zhang J. Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indole by Palladium/PC-Phos-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21991-21996. [PMID: 32851748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dynamic kinetic asymmetric dearomatization of 3-arylindoles with internal alkynes was developed with the use of achiral Xantphos and chiral sulfinamide phosphine ligand (PC-Phos) as the co-ligands. This method could deliver various spiro[indene-1,3'-indole] compounds in good yields (up to 95 % yield) with up to 98 % ee. The salient features of the transformation include the use of readily available substrates, ease of scale-up and the versatile functionalization of the products. The mechanistic experiments gave some insights on active intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoke Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Stake Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- Stake Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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19
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Yin Z, Hu W, Zhang W, Konno H, Moriwaki H, Izawa K, Han J, Soloshonok VA. Tailor-made amino acid-derived pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2019. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1227-1261. [PMID: 32880009 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are among a handful of paramount classes of compounds innately involved in the origin and evolution of all known life-forms. Along with basic scientific explorations, the major goal of medicinal chemistry research in the area of tailor-made AAs is the development of more selective and potent pharmaceuticals. The growing acceptance of peptides and peptidomimetics as drugs clearly indicates that AA-based molecules become the most successful structural motif in the modern drug design. In fact, among 24 small-molecule drugs approved by FDA in 2019, 13 of them contain a residue of AA or di-amines or amino-alcohols, which are commonly considered to be derived from the parent AAs. In the present review article, we profile 13 new tailor-made AA-derived pharmaceuticals introduced to the market in 2019. Where it is possible, we will discuss the development form drug-candidates, total synthesis, with emphasis on the core-AA, therapeutic area, and the mode of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Moriwaki
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
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20
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Turley AT, Danos A, Prlj A, Monkman AP, Curchod BFE, McGonigal PR, Etherington MK. Modulation of charge transfer by N-alkylation to control photoluminescence energy and quantum yield. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6990-6995. [PMID: 34122995 PMCID: PMC8159361 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer in organic fluorophores is a fundamental photophysical process that can be either beneficial, e.g., facilitating thermally activated delayed fluorescence, or detrimental, e.g., mediating emission quenching. N-Alkylation is shown to provide straightforward synthetic control of the charge transfer, emission energy and quantum yield of amine chromophores. We demonstrate this concept using quinine as a model. N-Alkylation causes changes in its emission that mirror those caused by changes in pH (i.e., protonation). Unlike protonation, however, alkylation of quinine's two N sites is performed in a stepwise manner to give kinetically stable species. This kinetic stability allows us to isolate and characterize an N-alkylated analogue of an ‘unnatural’ protonation state that is quaternized selectively at the less basic site, which is inaccessible using acid. These materials expose (i) the through-space charge-transfer excited state of quinine and (ii) the associated loss pathway, while (iii) developing a simple salt that outperforms quinine sulfate as a quantum yield standard. This N-alkylation approach can be applied broadly in the discovery of emissive materials by tuning charge-transfer states. A versatile N-alkylation strategy controls the presence of charge-transfer excited states and the emission colour of N-heterocyclic chromophores.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Antonio Prlj
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | | | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK .,Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University Ellison Place NE1 8ST UK
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21
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González Adelantado FV. Phase-transfer catalysis and the ion pair concept. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review outlines the recent advances in the field of asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis and the ion-pair concept including alkylation of amino acids and peptides, oxyindoles and other substrates, conjugate additions, fluorinations, photo-induced phase-transfer catalysis, Nitro-Mannich reactions, heterocyclizations and cycloadditions for the preparation of heterocycles, derivatization of isoxazoles, umpolung conjugate addition of imines and other three asymmetric reactions.
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22
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Inukai T, Kano T, Maruoka K. Construction of Quaternary Carbon Center by Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of 3-Arylpiperidin-2-ones Under Phase-Transfer Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2211-2214. [PMID: 31769914 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective synthesis of δ-lactams having a chiral quaternary carbon center at the α-position has been developed through an asymmetric alkylation of 3-arylpiperidin-2-ones under phase-transfer conditions. In this transformation, a 2,2-diarylvinyl group on the δ-lactam nitrogen atom plays a crucial role as a novel protecting group and an achiral auxiliary for improving both yield and enantioselectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Inukai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Department of Organocatalytic Chemistry, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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23
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Inukai T, Kano T, Maruoka K. Construction of Quaternary Carbon Center by Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of 3‐Arylpiperidin‐2‐ones Under Phase‐Transfer Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Inukai
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Department of Organocatalytic ChemistryGraduate School of PharmaceuticalSciencesKyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
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24
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Daponte JA, Guo Y, Ruck RT, Hein JE. Using an Automated Monitoring Platform for Investigations of Biphasic Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Daponte
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yuejun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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25
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Carlone A, Bernardi L. Enantioselective organocatalytic approaches to active pharmaceutical ingredients – selected industrial examples. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Catalysis is, often, the preferred approach to access chiral molecules in enantioenriched form both in academia and in industry; nowadays, organocatalysis is recognised as the third pillar in asymmetric catalysis, along with bio- and metal-catalysis. Despite enormous advancements in academic research, there is a common belief that organocatalysis is not developed enough to be applicable in industry. In this review, we describe a selection of industrial routes and their R&D process for the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, highlighting how asymmetric organocatalysis brings added value to an industrial process. The thorough study of the steps, driven by economic stimuli, developed and improved chemistry that was, otherwise, believed to not be applicable in an industrial setting. The knowledge discussed in the reviewed papers will be an invaluable resource for the whole research community.
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26
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Cortigiani M, Mereu A, Gillick Healy M, Adamo MFA. Enantioselective Desymmetrization of cis-3,5-O-Arylidenecyclohexanones Catalyzed by Cinchona-Derived Quaternary Ammonium Salts. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4112-4119. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mereu
- Linnea SA, Via Cantonale 70, CH-6595 Riazzino (TI), Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro F. A. Adamo
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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27
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Li SS, Zhu S, Chen C, Duan K, Liu Q, Xiao J. Hydride Transfer Involved Redox-Neutral Cascade Cyclizations for Construction of Spirocyclic Bisoxindoles Featuring a [3,4]-Fused Oxindole Moiety. Org Lett 2019; 21:1058-1062. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunqi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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28
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Xu PW, Yu JS, Chen C, Cao ZY, Zhou F, Zhou J. Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of Spiro Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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29
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McLaughlin MF, Massolo E, Liu S, Johnson JS. Enantioselective Phenolic α-Oxidation Using H 2O 2 via an Unusual Double Dearomatization Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2645-2651. [PMID: 30698429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Feedstock aromatic compounds are compelling low-cost starting points from which molecular complexity can be generated rapidly via oxidative dearomatization. Oxidative dearomatizations commonly rely heavily on hypervalent iodine or heavy metals to provide the requisite thermodynamic driving force for overcoming aromatic stabilization energy. This article describes oxidative dearomatizations of 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenols via their derived bis(dichloroacetates) using hydrogen peroxide as a mild oxidant that intercepts a transient quinone methide. A stereochemical study revealed that the reaction proceeds by a new mechanism relative to other phenol dearomatizations and is complementary to extant methods that rely on hypervalent iodine. Using a new chiral phase-transfer catalyst, the first asymmetric syntheses of 1-oxaspiro[2.5]octa-5,7-dien-4-ones were reported. The synthetic utility of the derived 1-oxaspiro[2.5]octadienones products is demonstrated in a downstream complexity-generating transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Elisabetta Massolo
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3420 , United States
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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30
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Wang Y, Li Y, Lian M, Zhang J, Liu Z, Tang X, Yin H, Meng Q. Asymmetric α-alkylation of cyclic β-keto esters and β-keto amides by phase-transfer catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:573-584. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient asymmetric α-alkylation of β-keto esters and β-keto amides has been achieved by phase-transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- PR China
| | - Yueyun Li
- Xinxiang Central Hospital
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- PR China
| | - Mingming Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- P. R. China
| | - Jixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- PR China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- PR China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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31
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Cao ZY, Zhou F, Zhou J. Development of Synthetic Methodologies via Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1443-1454. [PMID: 29808678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3,3-Disubstituted oxindoles are widely distributed in natural products, drugs, and pharmaceutically active compounds. The absolute configuration and the substituents on the fully substituted C3 stereocenter of the oxindole often significantly influence the biological activity. Therefore, tremendous efforts have made to develop catalytic enantioselective syntheses of this prominent structural motif. Research in this area is further fueled by the ever-increasing demand for modern probe- and drug-discovery programs for synthetic libraries of chiral compounds that are derived from privileged scaffolds with high structural diversity. Notably, the efficient construction of fully substituted C3 stereocenters of oxindole, tetrasubstituted or all-carbon quaternary, spirocyclic or not, also becomes a test ground for new synthetic methodologies. We have been engaged in developing efficient methods for diversity-oriented synthesis of chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles from readily available starting materials. We have systematically developed catalytic enantioselective methods to prepare 3-substituted 3-hydroxyoxindoles, 3-aminooxindoles, and 3-thiooxindoles, quaternary oxindoles, and spirocyclic oxindoles. These protocols can be classified into six approaches: (1) enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to isatins or isatin ketimines; (2) unprotected 3-substituted oxindoles as nucleophiles; (3) functionalization of oxindole-derived tetrasubstituted alkenes; (4) desymmetrization of oxindole-based diynes; (5) spirocyclopropyl oxindoles as donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes; and (6) elaboration of diazooxindoles. By the use of these methods, chiral oxindoles with rich structural diversity are readily accessed with high to excellent enantioselectivity. Some methods have been used for the enantioselective formal or total synthesis of natural products, bioactive compounds, or their analogues. On the basis of these studies, we developed synthetic methodologies that have potential application. We designed phosphoramide-based bifunctional catalysts for the efficient construction of quaternary oxindoles: a cinchona-alkaloid-derived phosphoramide for the Michael addition of unprotected 3-substituted oxindoles to nitroolefins with broad substrate scope and a chiral 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-derived bifunctional phosphoramide for the activation of fluorinated enol silyl ethers for the addition to isatylidene malononitrile. The phosphoramide-based catalysts achieved better enantiofacial control than the analogous H-bond-donor-derived catalysts in these reactions, suggesting the potential of the former in new chiral catalyst development. We identified chiral Au(I) and Hg(II) catalysts for olefin cyclopropanation of diazooxindoles. We further disclosed the effective activation of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles by using electron-withdrawing N-protecting groups for enantioselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition, offering the promise of constructing a diverse range of spirocyclic oxindoles by the use of such monoactivated D-A cyclopropanes. We developed tandem sequences that allow the facile synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles from simple starting materials in a one-pot operation, including a tandem Morita-Baylis-Hillman/bromination/[3 + 2] annulation sequence, a hydrogenation/ketimine formation/asymmetric 6π electrocyclization sequence, a C-H functionalization/Michael addition or amination sequence, and an aza-Wittig/Strecker sequence. We designed oxindole-based diynes to realize a highly enantioselective Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), outlining the desymmetrization of prochiral diynes as an effective strategy to exploit asymmetric CuAAC. This Account focuses on the synthetic methodologies developed in our group for the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles and provides an overview of our research on the design, development, and applications of these methods that will provide useful insights for the exploration of new reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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32
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Wang Y, Gao Q, Liu Z, Bai S, Tang X, Yin H, Meng Q. Enantioselective α-Benzoyloxylation of β-Keto Esters by N-Oxide Phase-Transfer Catalysts. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2263-2273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Gao
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suping Bai
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Krska SW, DiRocco DA, Dreher SD, Shevlin M. The Evolution of Chemical High-Throughput Experimentation To Address Challenging Problems in Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2976-2985. [PMID: 29172435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural complexity of pharmaceuticals presents a significant challenge to modern catalysis. Many published methods that work well on simple substrates often fail when attempts are made to apply them to complex drug intermediates. The use of high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques offers a means to overcome this fundamental challenge by facilitating the rational exploration of large arrays of catalysts and reaction conditions in a time- and material-efficient manner. Initial forays into the use of HTE in our laboratories for solving chemistry problems centered around screening of chiral precious-metal catalysts for homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation. The success of these early efforts in developing efficient catalytic steps for late-stage development programs motivated the desire to increase the scope of this approach to encompass other high-value catalytic chemistries. Doing so, however, required significant advances in reactor and workflow design and automation to enable the effective assembly and agitation of arrays of heterogeneous reaction mixtures and retention of volatile solvents under a wide range of temperatures. Associated innovations in high-throughput analytical chemistry techniques greatly increased the efficiency and reliability of these methods. These evolved HTE techniques have been utilized extensively to develop highly innovative catalysis solutions to the most challenging problems in large-scale pharmaceutical synthesis. Starting with Pd- and Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry, subsequent efforts expanded to other valuable modern synthetic transformations such as chiral phase-transfer catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and C-H functionalization. As our experience and confidence in HTE techniques matured, we envisioned their application beyond problems in process chemistry to address the needs of medicinal chemists. Here the problem of reaction generality is felt most acutely, and HTE approaches should prove broadly enabling. However, the quantities of both time and starting materials available for chemistry troubleshooting in this space generally are severely limited. Adapting to these needs led us to invest in smaller predefined arrays of transformation-specific screening "kits" and push the boundaries of miniaturization in chemistry screening, culminating in the development of "nanoscale" reaction screening carried out in 1536-well plates. Grappling with the problem of generality also inspired the exploration of cheminformatics-driven HTE approaches such as the Chemistry Informer Libraries. These next-generation HTE methods promise to empower chemists to run orders of magnitude more experiments and enable "big data" informatics approaches to reaction design and troubleshooting. With these advances, HTE is poised to revolutionize how chemists across both industry and academia discover new synthetic methods, develop them into tools of broad utility, and apply them to problems of practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities and Screening, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Process Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Spencer D. Dreher
- Chemistry Capabilities and Screening, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Process Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Diastereo- and enantioselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles using both aldonitrones and ketonitrones. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1619. [PMID: 29158496 PMCID: PMC5696380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically active spirocyclic compounds play an important role in drug discovery, and new synthetic strategies for the efficient generation of spiro stereocenters are in much demand. Here we report a catalytic enantioselective cycloaddition using spirocyclic donor–acceptor cyclopropanes as a promising approach for the generation of spiro stereocenters. A diastereo- and enantioselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles with both aldonitrones and ketonitrones is developed. The key to reaction development is the activation of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles by a suitable electron-withdrawing N-protecting group. This activation approach offers the promise of a general solution to enable spirocyclopropyl oxindoles as synthons for catalytic enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles featuring a C3 spiro stereocenter, a prominent structural motif in drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds. This protocol also constitutes the catalytic enantioselective reaction using unactivated achiral ketonitrones to construct tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. Chiral spirocyclic compounds are important structural motifs for drug discovery. Here, the authors report a synthetic route to spirocycles based on enantioselective cycloaddition of activated spirocyclopropyl oxindoles, which act as donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.
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35
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Golandaj A, Ahmad A, Ramjugernath D. Phosphonium Salts in Asymmetric Catalysis: A Journey in a Decade's Extensive Research Work. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajij Golandaj
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Howard College Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4041 Republic of South Africa
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Howard College Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4041 Republic of South Africa
| | - Deresh Ramjugernath
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Howard College Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4041 Republic of South Africa
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Yasuda N, Cleator E, Kosjek B, Yin J, Xiang B, Chen F, Kuo SC, Belyk K, Mullens PR, Goodyear A, Edwards JS, Bishop B, Ceglia S, Belardi J, Tan L, Song ZJ, DiMichele L, Reamer R, Cabirol FL, Tang WL, Liu G. Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of a Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonist Ubrogepant. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ed Cleator
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MSD Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertford, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Kosjek
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jianguo Yin
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bangping Xiang
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Frank Chen
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shen-Chun Kuo
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin Belyk
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter R. Mullens
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MSD Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertford, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Goodyear
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MSD Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertford, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Edwards
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MSD Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertford, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Bishop
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MSD Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertford, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Ceglia
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West
Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Justin Belardi
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West
Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhiguo J. Song
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lisa DiMichele
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert Reamer
- Department
of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Fabien L. Cabirol
- Codexis, Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Weng Lin Tang
- Codexis, Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Guiquan Liu
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201507, China
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37
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Cortigiani M, Tampieri A, Monasterolo C, Mereu A, Adamo MF. Preparation and reactivity of sterically encumbered organocatalysts and their use in the preparation of ( S )-Pregabalin precursors. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Zhang J, Cheng C, Wang D, Miao Z. Regio- and Diastereoselective Construction of Spirocyclopenteneoxindoles through Phosphine-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Methyleneindolinone with Alkynoate Derivatives. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10121-10128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dian Wang
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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39
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Feng D, Wan J, Teng F, Ma X. Heterogeneous simplified Maruoka phase-transfer catalyst tethered on poly(styrene-co-acrylamide) microsphere: Structure-activity relationship in enantioselective α-alkylation. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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40
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He CQ, Simon A, Lam YH, Brunskill APJ, Yasuda N, Tan J, Hyde AM, Sherer EC, Houk KN. Model for the Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Intramolecular Alkylations by Bis-Quaternized Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Catalysts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8645-8650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi Qixin He
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Adam Simon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Andrew P. J. Brunskill
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Alan M. Hyde
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C. Sherer
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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41
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Chung CK, Liu Z, Lexa KW, Andreani T, Xu Y, Ji Y, DiRocco DA, Humphrey GR, Ruck RT. Asymmetric Hydrogen Bonding Catalysis for the Synthesis of Dihydroquinazoline-Containing Antiviral, Letermovir. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10637-10640. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol K. Chung
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Katrina W. Lexa
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Teresa Andreani
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yingju Xu
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yining Ji
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Guy R. Humphrey
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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42
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Antien K, Viault G, Pouységu L, Peixoto PA, Quideau S. Asymmetric dearomative spirolactonization of naphthols using λ3-iodanes under chiral phase-transfer catalysis. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Yang RS, Sheng H, Lexa KW, Sherer EC, Zhang LK, Xiang B, Helmy R, Mao B. Mechanistic Study of the Gas-Phase In-Source Hofmann Elimination of Doubly Quaternized Cinchona-Alkaloid Based Phase-Transfer Catalysts by (+)-Electrospray Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:452-460. [PMID: 28101849 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An unusual in-source fragmentation pattern observed for 14 doubly quaternized cinchona alkaloid-based phase-transfer catalysts (PTC) was studied using (+)-ESI high resolution mass spectrometry. Loss of the substituted benzyl cation (R1 or R2) was found to be the major product ion [M2+ - R1+ or R2+]+ in MS spectra of all PTC compounds. A Hofmann elimination product ion [M - H]+ was also observed. Only a small amount of the doubly charged M2+ ions were observed in the MS spectra, likely due to strong Columbic repulsion between the two quaternary ammonium cations in the gas phase. The positive voltage in the MS inlet but not the ESI probe was found to induce this extensive fragmentation for all PTC diboromo-salts. Compound 1 was used as an example to illustrate the proposed in-source fragmentation mechanism. The mechanism of formation of the Hofmann elimination product ion [M - H]+ was further investigated using HRMS/MS, H/D exchange, and DFT calculations. The proposed formation of 2b as the major Hofmann elimination product ion was supported both by HRMS/MS and DFT calculations. Formation of product ion 2b through a concerted unimolecular Ei elimination pathway is proposed rather than a bimolecular E2 elimination pathway for common solution Hofmann eliminations. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Sheng Yang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Katrina W Lexa
- Process Research and Development, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Structural Chemistry, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Li-Kang Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Bangping Xiang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Roy Helmy
- Analytical Science, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Bing Mao
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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44
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Zhang J, Cao D, Wang H, Zheng C, Zhao G, Shang Y. Enantioselective Construction of Spirocyclic Oxindoles via Tandem Michael/Michael Reactions Catalyzed by Multifunctional Quaternary Phosphonium Salt. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10558-10568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Zhang
- The
Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education,
Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongjia Shang
- The
Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education,
Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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45
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Wang Y, Yin H, Tang X, Wu Y, Meng Q, Gao Z. A Series of Cinchona-Derived N-Oxide Phase-Transfer Catalysts: Application to the Photo-Organocatalytic Enantioselective α-Hydroxylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7042-50. [PMID: 27336753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of cinchona-derived N-oxide asymmetric phase-transfer catalysts were synthesized and applied in the enantioselective photo-organocatalytic α-hydroxylation of β-keto esters and β-keto amides (23 examples) using molecular oxygen in excellent yields (up to 98%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 83% ee). These new catalysts could be recycled and reused six times for such a reaction with almost the original reactivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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46
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A comprehensive theoretical investigation of the transition states and a proposed kinetic model for the cinchoninium ion asymmetric phase-transfer catalyzed alkylation reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Chen M, Huang ZT, Zheng QY. Organic base-promoted enantioselective electrophilic cyanation of β-keto esters by using chiral phase-transfer catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2016. [PMID: 26219382 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioselective cyanation of β-keto esters using hypervalent iodine(iii) as the electrophilic cyanating reagent induced by cinchona alkaloid-based chiral quaternary ammonium salt was demonstrated. Organic bases, especially DMAP, in the chiral phase-transfer catalysis were used to obtain high ees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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48
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Humphrey GR, Dalby SM, Andreani T, Xiang B, Luzung MR, Song ZJ, Shevlin M, Christensen M, Belyk KM, Tschaen DM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Letermovir Using a Novel Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Aza-Michael Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy R. Humphrey
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Teresa Andreani
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bangping Xiang
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael R. Luzung
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhiguo Jake Song
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Melodie Christensen
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David M. Tschaen
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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49
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Cao ZY, Zhao YL, Zhou J. Sequential Au(i)/chiral tertiary amine catalysis: a tandem C–H functionalization of anisoles or a thiophene/asymmetric Michael addition sequence to quaternary oxindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2537-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented sequential Au(i)/bifunctional tertiary amine catalysis, which enables a tandem C–H functionalization of weak nucleophiles (anisoles or thiophenes) and asymmetric Michael addition for the highly enantioselective synthesis of quaternary oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- 3663N
- Shanghai 200062
| | - Yu-Lei Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- 3663N
- Shanghai 200062
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- 3663N
- Shanghai 200062
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50
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Zhao W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Chen A. Determination of Cinchona Alkaloids by Capillary Electrophoresis with Novel Complex Formation. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1089258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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