1
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Wu K, Zhang X, Wu LL, Huang JS, Che CM. A Convergent, Modular Approach to Trifluoromethyl-Bearing 5-Membered Rings via Catalytic C(sp 3 )-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215891. [PMID: 36596721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl-bearing 5-membered rings are prevalent in bioactive molecules, but modular approaches to these compounds by functionalization of robust C(sp3 )-H bonds in a direct and selective manner are extremely challenging. Herein we report the rhodium-catalyzed α-CF3 -α-alkyl carbene insertion into C(sp3 )-H bonds of a broad range of substrates to access 7 types of CF3 -bearing saturated 5-membered carbo- and heterocycles. The reaction is particularly effective for benzylic C-H insertion exerting good site-, diastereo- and enantiocontrol, and applicable to the synthesis of chiral CF3 analogues of bioactive molecules. Ruthenium α-CF3 -α-alkyl carbene complexes underwent stoichiometric reactions to give C-H insertion products, lending evidence for the involvement of metal α-CF3 -α-alkyl carbene species in the catalytic cycle. DFT calculations revealed that the π⋅⋅⋅π attraction and intra-carbene C-H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond elucidate the origin of selectivity of the benzylic C-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory, No. 1, College Road, Tuojiang Street, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory, No. 1, College Road, Tuojiang Street, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Zhang X, Li L, Sivaguru P, Zanoni G, Bi X. Highly electrophilic silver carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13699-13715. [PMID: 36453127 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic carbene transfer reactions are fundamental transformations in modern organic synthesis, which enable direct access to diverse structurally complex molecules. Despite diazo precursors playing a crucial role in catalytic carbene transfer reactions, most reported methodologies take into account only diazoacetates or related compounds. This is primarily because diazoalkanes, unless they contain a resonance stabilizing group, are more susceptible to violent exothermic decomposition. In this feature article, we present an alternative approach to carbene-transfer reactions based on the formation of highly electrophilic silver carbenes from N-sulfonylhydrazones, where the high electrophilicity of silver carbenes stems from the weak interaction between silver and the carbenic carbon. These precursors are readily accessible, stable, and environmentally sustainable. Using the strategy that employs highly electrophilic silver carbenes, it is possible to develop novel intermolecular transformations involving non-stabilized carbenes, including C(sp3)-H insertion, C(sp3)-C(O) insertion, cycloaddition, and defluorinative functionalization. The silver-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions described here have high efficiency, unusual reactivity, exceptional selectivity, and a reaction pathway that differs from typical transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Our research provided fundamental insight into silver carbene chemistry, and we hope to apply this mode of catalysis to other more general transformations, including asymmetric transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
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3
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Garlets ZJ, Boni YT, Sharland JC, Kirby RP, Fu J, Bacsa J, Davies HML. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Extended C 4–Symmetric Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Garlets
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yannick T. Boni
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jack C. Sharland
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Randall P. Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiantao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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4
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Klimovica K, Heidlas JX, Romero I, Le TV, Daugulis O. “Sandwich” Diimine‐Copper Catalysts for C−H Functionalization by Carbene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200334. [PMID: 35594167 PMCID: PMC9329213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report here "sandwich" diimine-copper(I) catalysts for C(sp3 )-H bond functionalization. Reactions of alkanes and ethers with trimethylsilyldiazomethane, ethyl diazoacetate, and trifluoromethyl-diazomethane have been demonstrated. We also report C(sp3 )-H bond methylation, benzylation, and diphenylmethylation by diazomethane, aryldiazomethanes, and diphenyldiazomethane. These reactions are rare examples of base-metal catalyzed, intermolecular C(sp3 )-H functionalizations by employing unactivated diazo compounds. Electrophilicity and unique steric environment of "sandwich"-copper catalysts are likely reasons for their catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Klimovica
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Julius X. Heidlas
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Irvin Romero
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Thanh V. Le
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
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5
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Klimovica K, Heidlas JX, Romero I, Le TV, Daugulis O. “Sandwich” Diimine‐Copper Catalysts for C‐H Functionalization by Carbene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olafs Daugulis
- University of Houston Chemistry Fleming 112 77204-5003 Houston UNITED STATES
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6
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Silver-catalyzed site-selective C(sp 3)-H benzylation of ethers with N-triftosylhydrazones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1674. [PMID: 35354822 PMCID: PMC8967862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The insertion of carbenes into the α-C-H bonds of ethers represents one of the most powerful approaches to access polysubstituted α-branched ethers. However, intermolecular carbene insertions remain challenging, since current approaches are generally limited to the use of toxic and potentially explosive α-diazocarbonyl compounds. We now report a silver-catalyzed α-C-H benzylation of ethers using bench-stable N-triftosylhydrazones as safe and convenient carbene precursors. This approach is well suited for both inter- and intramolecular insertions to deliver medicinally relevant homobenzylic ethers and 5-8-membered oxacycles in good yields. The synthetic utility of this strategy is demonstrated by its easy scalability, broad scope with valuable functional groups, high regioselectivity, and late-stage functionalization of complex oxygen-containing molecules. The relative reactivities of different types of silver carbenes and C-H bonds were also investigated by experments and DFT calculations.
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7
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He Y, Huang Z, Wu K, Ma J, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2759-2852. [PMID: 35297455 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization has been emerging as a powerful method to establish carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Many efforts have been devoted to transition-metal-catalyzed direct transformations of C-H bonds. Metal carbenes generated in situ from transition-metal compounds and diazo or its equivalents are usually applied as the transient reactive intermediates to furnish a catalytic cycle for new C-C and C-X bond formation. Using this strategy compounds from unactivated simple alkanes to complex molecules can be further functionalized or transformed to multi-functionalized compounds. In this area, transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds has been paid continuous attention. Diverse catalyst design strategies, synthetic methods, and potential applications have been developed. This critical review will summarize the advance in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds dated up to July 2021, by the categories of C-H bonds from aliphatic C(sp3)-H, aryl (aromatic) C(sp2)-H, heteroaryl (heteroaromatic) C(sp2)-H bonds, alkenyl C(sp2)-H, and alkynyl C(sp)-H, as well as asymmetric carbene insertion to C-H bonds, and more coverage will be given to the recent work. Due to the rapid development of the C-H functionalization area, future directions in this topic are also discussed. This review will give the authors an overview of carbene insertion chemistry in C-H functionalization with focus on the catalytic systems and synthetic applications in C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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8
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Li J, Huang C, Li C. Deoxygenative Functionalizations of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chia‐Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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9
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Zhou M, Wolzak LA, Li Z, de Zwart FJ, Mathew S, de Bruin B. Catalytic Synthesis of 1 H-2-Benzoxocins: Cobalt(III)-Carbene Radical Approach to 8-Membered Heterocyclic Enol Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20501-20512. [PMID: 34802239 PMCID: PMC8662738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The metallo-radical activation of ortho-allylcarbonyl-aryl N-arylsulfonylhydrazones with the paramagnetic cobalt(II) porphyrin catalyst [CoII(TPP)] (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin) provides an efficient and powerful method for the synthesis of novel 8-membered heterocyclic enol ethers. The synthetic protocol is versatile and practical and enables the synthesis of a wide range of unique 1H-2-benzoxocins in high yields. The catalytic cyclization reactions proceed with excellent chemoselectivities, have a high functional group tolerance, and provide several opportunities for the synthesis of new bioactive compounds. The reactions are shown to proceed via cobalt(III)-carbene radical intermediates, which are involved in intramolecular hydrogen transfer (HAT) from the allylic position to the carbene radical, followed by a near-barrierless radical rebound step in the coordination sphere of cobalt. The proposed mechanism is supported by experimental observations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and spin trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van ‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas A. Wolzak
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van ‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zirui Li
- Department
of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van ‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van ‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van ‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Li J, Li CJ, Huang CY. Deoxygenative Functionalizations of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112770. [PMID: 34780098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, into functionalized alkanes via deoxygenation would be highly desirable from a sustainability perspective and very enabling in chemical synthesis. This review covers the recent methodology development in carbonyl and carboxyl deoxygenative functionalizations, highlighting some typical and significant contributions in this field. These advances will be categorized based on types of bond formation, and in each part, selected examples will be discussed from their generalized mechanistic perspectives. Four summarized reactivity modes of aldehydes and ketones during the deoxygenation, namely, bis-electrophile, carbenoid, bis-nucleophile and alkyl radical, are presented, while the carboxylic acids are deoxygenated mainly via activated carbonyl or acetal intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- McGill University, Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, H3A0B8, Montreal, CANADA
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11
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van Leest N, de Zwart FJ, Zhou M, de Bruin B. Controlling Radical-Type Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Catalysis with Redox-Active Ligands and Substrates. JACS AU 2021; 1:1101-1115. [PMID: 34467352 PMCID: PMC8385710 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in (spectroscopic) characterization of the unusual electronic structures of open-shell cobalt complexes bearing redox-active ligands, combined with detailed mapping of their reactivity, have uncovered several new catalytic radical-type protocols that make efficient use of the synergistic properties of redox-active ligands, redox-active substrates, and the metal to which they coordinate. In this perspective, we discuss the tools available to study, induce, and control catalytic radical-type reactions with redox-active ligands and/or substrates, contemplating recent developments in the field, including some noteworthy tools, methods, and reactions developed in our own group. The main topics covered are (i) tools to characterize redox-active ligands; (ii) novel synthetic applications of catalytic reactions that make use of redox-active carbene and nitrene substrates at open-shell cobalt-porphyrins; (iii) development of catalytic reactions that take advantage of purely ligand- and substrate-based redox processes, coupled to cobalt-centered spin-changing events in a synergistic manner; and (iv) utilization of redox-active ligands to influence the spin state of the metal. Redox-active ligands have emerged as useful tools to generate and control reactive metal-coordinated radicals, which give access to new synthetic methodologies and intricate (electronic) structures, some of which are yet to be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas
P. van Leest
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Singh P, Kumar Chouhan K, Mukherjee A. Ruthenium Catalyzed Intramolecular C-X (X=C, N, O, S) Bond Formation via C-H Functionalization: An Overview. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2392-2412. [PMID: 34251077 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium catalyzed C-H activation is well known for its high tolerance towards the functional group and broad applicability in organic synthesis and molecular sciences, with significant applications in pharmaceutical industries, material sciences, and polymer industry. In the last few decades, enormous progress has been observed with ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation chemistry. Notably, the vast majority of the C-H functionalization known in the literature are intermolecular, although the intramolecular variant provides fascinating new structural facet starting from the simple molecular scaffolds. Intramolecular C-H functionalization is atom economical and step efficient, results in less formation of undesired products which is easy to purify. This has created a lot of interest in organic chemistry in developing new synthetic strategies for such functionalization. The focus of this review is to present the relatively unexplored intramolecular functionalization of C-H bonds into C-X (X=C, N, O, S) bonds utilizing versatile ruthenium catalysts, their scope, and brief mechanistic discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Kishor Kumar Chouhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
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13
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Ma L, Jin F, Cheng X, Tao S, Jiang G, Li X, Yang J, Bao X, Wan X. [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of N-tosylhydrazones, tert-butyl nitrite and alkenes: a general and practical access to isoxazolines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9823-9830. [PMID: 34349956 PMCID: PMC8293996 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Tosylhydrazones have proven to be versatile synthons over the past several decades. However, to our knowledge, the construction of isoxazolines based on N-tosylhydrazones has not been examined. Herein, we report the first demonstrations of [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reactions that allow the facile synthesis of isoxazolines, employing N-tosylhydrazones, tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) and alkenes as reactants. This process represents a new type of cycloaddition reaction with a distinct mechanism that does not involve the participation of nitrile oxides. This approach is both general and practical and exhibits a wide substrate scope, nearly universal functional group compatibility, tolerance of moisture and air, the potential for functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is readily scaled up. Both control experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that this transformation proceeds via the in situ generation of a nitronate from the coupling of N-tosylhydrazone and TBN, followed by cycloaddition with an alkene and subsequent elimination of a tert-butyloxy group to give the desired isoxazoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xionglve Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Suyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Gangzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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14
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Bergstrom BD, Nickerson LA, Shaw JT, Souza LW. Transition Metal Catalyzed Insertion Reactions with Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6864-6878. [PMID: 32770624 PMCID: PMC7867669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Donor/donor carbenes are relatively new in the field of carbene chemistry; although applications in C-H and X-H insertion reactions are few in number, they demonstrate exquisite chemo- and stereo-selectivity. Recent reports have shown that C-H, N-H, B-H, O-H, S-H, Si-H, Ge-H, Sn-H and P-H insertion reactions are feasible with a variety of transition metal catalysts, both inter- and intramolecularly. Furthermore, high degrees of diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been observed in several cases. Methods typically involve the formation of a diazo-based carbene precursor, but procedures using diazo-free metal carbenes have been developed with significant success. This Minireview covers transition-metal catalyzed insertion reactions with donor/donor and donor carbenes, providing context for future developments in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Bergstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leslie A Nickerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lucas W Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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15
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Teng S, Chi YR, Zhou JS. Enantioselective Three-Component Coupling of Heteroarenes, Cycloalkenes and Propargylic Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4491-4495. [PMID: 33259131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric coupling proceeds efficiently between propargylic acetates, cycloalkenes and electron-rich heteroarenes including indoles, pyrroles, activated furans and thiophenes. 2,3-Disubstituted tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines are produced in trans configuration and excellent enantiomeric ratios. The reaction proceeds via Wacker-type attack of nucleophilic heteroarenes on alkenes activated by allenyl PdII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F-312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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16
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Teng S, Chi YR, Zhou JS. Enantioselective Three‐Component Coupling of Heteroarenes, Cycloalkenes and Propargylic Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F-312 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
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17
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Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Alcântara AFP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Ru(II)Porphyrinate-based molecular nanoreactor for carbene insertion reactions and quantitative formation of rotaxanes by active-metal-template syntheses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6370. [PMID: 33311502 PMCID: PMC7733472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectivity in N–H and S–H carbene insertion reactions promoted by Ru(II)porphyrinates currently requires slow addition of the diazo precursor and large excess of the primary amine and thiol substrates in the reaction medium. Such conditions are necessary to avoid the undesirable carbene coupling and/or multiple carbene insertions. Here, the authors demonstrate that the synergy between the steric shielding provided by a Ru(II)porphyrinate-based macrocycle with a relatively small central cavity and the kinetic stabilization of otherwise labile coordinative bonds, warranted by formation of the mechanical bond, enables single carbene insertions to occur with quantitative efficiency and perfect selectivity even in the presence of a large excess of the diazo precursor and stoichiometric amounts of the primary amine and thiol substrates. As the Ru(II)porphyrinate-based macrocycle bears a confining nanospace and alters the product distribution of the carbene insertion reactions when compared to that of its acyclic version, the former therefore functions as a nanoreactor. Selectivity in carbene insertion reactions promoted by Ru(II)porphyrinates is achieved only upon careful control of substrate stoichiometry. Here, the authors demonstrate that endotopic catalysis and formation of mechanical bonds enables carbene insertions to occur selectively and in quantitative yield regardless of substrate stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniquer A Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marlon P Almeida
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Arthur F P Alcântara
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano, Estrada do Tamboril, 56200-000, Ouricuri, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Wdeson P Barros
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
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18
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Florentino L, López L, Barroso R, Cabal M, Valdés C. Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp
3
‐Csp
3
/Csp
3
‐
N
Transition‐Metal‐Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ‐Azido‐
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1273-1280. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Florentino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María‐Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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19
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Florentino L, López L, Barroso R, Cabal M, Valdés C. Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp
3
‐Csp
3
/Csp
3
‐
N
Transition‐Metal‐Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ‐Azido‐
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Florentino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María‐Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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20
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Bergstrom BD, Nickerson LA, Shaw JT, Souza LW. Transition Metal Catalyzed Insertion Reactions with Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Bergstrom
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Leslie A. Nickerson
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Lucas W. Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
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21
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Wang H, Cai S, Ai W, Xu X, Li B, Wang B. Silver-Catalyzed Activation of Pyridotriazoles for Formal Intramolecular Carbene Insertion into Vinylic C(sp 2)-H Bonds. Org Lett 2020; 22:7255-7260. [PMID: 32903011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed intramolecular denitrogenative annulation of pyridotriazole with alkene was reported to achieve the challenging carbene insertion into the vinylic C(sp2)-H bond. This protocol has enabled the construction of functionalized 1H-indenes with high efficiency and excellent functional group tolerance. Experimental and computational studies suggest a stepwise mechanism involving a water-promoted hydrogen atom transfer with the aid of a silver catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaokun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenna Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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23
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Zhou M, Lankelma M, Vlugt JI, Bruin B. Catalytic Synthesis of 8‐Membered Ring Compounds via Cobalt(III)‐Carbene Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Lankelma
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bas Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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24
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Zhou M, Lankelma M, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Catalytic Synthesis of 8-Membered Ring Compounds via Cobalt(III)-Carbene Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11073-11079. [PMID: 32259369 PMCID: PMC7317878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metalloradical activation of o-aryl aldehydes with tosylhydrazide and a cobalt(II) porphyrin catalyst produces cobalt(III)-carbene radical intermediates, providing a new and powerful strategy for the synthesis of medium-sized ring structures. Herein we make use of the intrinsic radical-type reactivity of cobalt(III)-carbene radical intermediates in the [CoII (TPP)]-catalyzed (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) synthesis of two types of 8-membered ring compounds; novel dibenzocyclooctenes and unprecedented monobenzocyclooctadienes. The method was successfully applied to afford a variety of 8-membered ring compounds in good yields and with excellent substituent tolerance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results suggest that the reactions proceed via hydrogen atom transfer from the bis-allylic/benzallylic C-H bond to the carbene radical, followed by two divergent processes for ring-closure to the two different types of 8-membered ring products. While the dibenzocyclooctenes are most likely formed by dissociation of o-quinodimethanes (o-QDMs) which undergo a non-catalyzed 8π-cyclization, DFT calculations suggest that ring-closure to the monobenzocyclooctadienes involves a radical-rebound step in the coordination sphere of cobalt. The latter mechanism implies that unprecedented enantioselective ring-closure reactions to chiral monobenzocyclooctadienes should be possible, as was confirmed for reactions mediated by a chiral cobalt-porphyrin catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne Lankelma
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group (HomKat)Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Zhou AZ, Chen K, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Lactone-Carbene C–H Insertion to Build Contiguous Chiral Centers. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Low KH, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Zhang JL, Che CM. Stable group 8 metal porphyrin mono- and bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2243-2259. [PMID: 32180931 PMCID: PMC7047983 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted carbene (CHR or CR2, R = alkyl) complexes have been extensively studied for alkylcarbene (CHR) ligands coordinated with high-valent early transition metal ions (a.k.a. Schrock carbenes or alkylidenes), yet dialkylcarbene (CR2) complexes remain less developed with bis(dialkylcarbene) species being little (if at all) explored. Herein, several group 8 metal porphyrin dialkylcarbene complexes, including Fe- and Ru-mono(dialkylcarbene) complexes [M(Por)(Ad)] (1a,b, M = Fe, Por = porphyrinato dianion, Ad = 2-adamantylidene; 2a,b, M = Ru) and Os-bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes [Os(Por)(Ad)2] (3a-c), are synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Detailed investigations into their electronic structures reveal that these complexes are formally low-valent M(ii)-carbene in nature. These complexes display remarkable thermal stability and chemical inertness, which are rationalized by a synergistic effect of strong metal-carbene covalency, hyperconjugation, and a rigid diamondoid carbene skeleton. Various spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations suggest that the dialkylcarbene Ad ligand is unique compared to other common carbene ligands as it acts as both a potent σ-donor and π-acceptor; its unique electronic and structural features, together with the steric effect of the porphyrin macrocycle, make its Fe porphyrin complex 1a an active and robust catalyst for intermolecular diarylcarbene transfer reactions including cyclopropanation (up to 90% yield) and X-H (X = S, N, O, C) insertion (up to 99% yield) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation , Shenzhen , China
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27
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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28
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Wang CY, Han JB, Wang L, Tang XY. Lewis Acid Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of N-Tosylhydrazones with ortho-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14258-14269. [PMID: 31599153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of N-tosylhydrazones with ortho-quinone methides was developed, affording the facile synthesis of diverse 1,3-oxazine derivatives under mild conditions. In this transformation, N-tosylhydrazones are used as a 1,2-dipole synthon under base-free conditions. Moreover, the substrate scope is broad, and the products are formed with high diastereoselectivities in most of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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29
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Site Selectivity in Pd-Catalyzed Reactions of α-Diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetamides: Effects of Catalysts and Substrate Substitution in the Synthesis of Oxindoles and β-Lactams. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193551. [PMID: 31575030 PMCID: PMC6803982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed intramolecular carbene C–H insertion of α-diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetamides to prepare oxindoles as well as β-lactams was studied. In order to identify what factors influence the selectivity of the processes, we explored how the reactions are affected by the catalyst type, using two oxidation states of Pd and a variety of ligands. It was found that, in the synthesis of oxindoles, ((IMes)Pd(NQ))2 can be used as an alternative to Pd2(dba)3 to catalyze the carbene CArsp2–H insertion, although it was less versatile. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the Csp3–H insertion leading to β-lactams can be effectively promoted by both Pd(0) and Pd(II) catalysts, the latter being most efficient. Insight into the reaction mechanisms involved in these transformations was provided by DFT calculations.
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30
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Hernán‐Gómez A, Rodríguez M, Parella T, Costas M. Electrophilic Iron Catalyst Paired with a Lithium Cation Enables Selective Functionalization of Non‐Activated Aliphatic C−H Bonds via Metallocarbene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13904-13911. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Mònica Rodríguez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Resonància Magnètica NuclearUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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31
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Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
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32
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Hernán‐Gómez A, Rodríguez M, Parella T, Costas M. Electrophilic Iron Catalyst Paired with a Lithium Cation Enables Selective Functionalization of Non‐Activated Aliphatic C−H Bonds via Metallocarbene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Mònica Rodríguez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Resonància Magnètica NuclearUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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33
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Zhang J, Huang X, Zhang RK, Arnold FH. Enantiodivergent α-Amino C-H Fluoroalkylation Catalyzed by Engineered Cytochrome P450s. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9798-9802. [PMID: 31187993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluoroalkyl groups into organic compounds can significantly alter pharmacological characteristics. One enabling but underexplored approach for the installation of fluoroalkyl groups is selective C( sp3)-H functionalization due to the ubiquity of C-H bonds in organic molecules. We have engineered heme enzymes that can insert fluoroalkyl carbene intermediates into α-amino C( sp3)-H bonds and enable enantiodivergent synthesis of fluoroalkyl-containing molecules. Using directed evolution, we engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes to catalyze this abiological reaction under mild conditions with total turnovers (TTN) up to 4070 and enantiomeric excess (ee) up to 99%. The iron-heme catalyst is fully genetically encoded and configurable by directed evolution so that just a few mutations to the enzyme completely inverted product enantioselectivity. These catalysts provide a powerful method for synthesis of chiral organofluorine molecules that is currently not possible with small-molecule catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juner Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Ruijie K Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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34
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Wu K, Low KH, Yang C, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Che CM. Ruthenium(II) Porphyrin Quinoid Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Reactivity toward Carbene Transfer and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9027-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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35
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Lankelma M, Olivares AM, de Bruin B. [Co(TPP)]-Catalyzed Formation of Substituted Piperidines. Chemistry 2019; 25:5658-5663. [PMID: 30844097 PMCID: PMC6563703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radical cyclization via cobalt(III)-carbene radical intermediates is a powerful method for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic structures. Building on the recently reported synthesis of five-membered N-heterocyclic pyrrolidines catalyzed by CoII porphyrins, the [Co(TPP)]-catalyzed formation of useful six-membered N-heterocyclic piperidines directly from linear aldehydes is presented herein. The piperidines were obtained in overall high yields, with linear alkenes being formed as side products in small amounts. A DFT study was performed to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of the cobalt(II)-porphyrin-catalyzed formation of pyrrolidines, piperidines, and linear alkenes. The calculations showed that the alkenes are unlikely to be formed through an expected 1,2-hydrogen-atom transfer to the carbene carbon. Instead, the calculations were consistent with a pathway involving benzyl-radical formation followed by radical-rebound ring closure to form the piperidines. Competitive 1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer from the β-position to the benzyl radical explained the formation of linear alkenes as side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lankelma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Homogeneous, Supramolecular & Bio-Inspired CatalysisUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Astrid M. Olivares
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Rochester404 Hutchison HallRochesterNY14627-0216USA
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Homogeneous, Supramolecular & Bio-Inspired CatalysisUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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36
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Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Non-stabilized diazoalkane synthesis via the oxidation of free hydrazones by iodosylbenzene and application in in situ MIRC cyclopropanation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3802-3806. [PMID: 31015921 PMCID: PMC6457201 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05558k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-rich alkyl diazo compounds are powerful reagents in organic synthesis, but the risks associated with their toxicity and instability often limit their uses. Herein we describe an efficient, easy-to-handle and safe batch protocol for the in situ generation and cyclopropanation of these highly reactive non-stabilized diazoalkanes through the oxidation of free hydrazones using iodosylbenzene. Numerous substituted cyclopropanes have been synthesized using this methodology, including various gem-dimethylcyclopropanes of particular interest in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M D Allouche
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P. O. Box 6128 Station Downtown , Montreal , Quebec , H3C 3J7 Canada .
| | - André B Charette
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P. O. Box 6128 Station Downtown , Montreal , Quebec , H3C 3J7 Canada .
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37
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Solé D, Amenta A, Bennasar ML, Fernández I. Grubbs catalysts in intramolecular carbene C(sp 3)-H insertion reactions from α-diazoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1160-1163. [PMID: 30632555 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Grubbs catalysts are described as a useful alternative to promote intramolecular carbene C-H insertion from α-diazoesters. Moreover, no competition arises from the possible metathesis reactions on substrates bearing alkene and alkyne moieties. DFT calculations were also carried out to gain insight into the reaction mechanism involved in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Amenta
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M-Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle “Stitching” by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Christopher J. Cordier
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Emma L. Rivers
- Hit Discovery; Discovery Sciences; IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Cambridge UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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39
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle "Stitching" by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1458-1462. [PMID: 30516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods that provide rapid access to new heterocyclic structures in biologically relevant chemical space provide important opportunities in drug discovery. Here, a strategy is described for the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes bearing ester and diverse aryl substituents. A one-pot rhodium catalyzed N-H insertion and cyclization sequence uses diazo compounds to stitch together linear 1,m-haloamines (m=2-5) to rapidly assemble 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, and 7 -membered saturated nitrogen heterocycles in excellent yields. Over fifty examples are demonstrated, including examples with diazo compounds derived from biologically active compounds. The products can be functionalized to afford α,α-disubstituted amino acids and applied to fragment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boddy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dominic P Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Cordier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Emma L Rivers
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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40
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Allouche EMD, Al-Saleh A, Charette AB. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes by in situ generation and decomposition of electronically diversified diazo compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13256-13259. [PMID: 30411744 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The modular synthesis of a variety of trans 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes in a safe and user-friendly one-pot iron-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction is described. Easily synthesized N-nosylhydrazones are used as diazo precursors, allowing the in situ generation of electron-rich diazo compounds under mild reaction conditions and their direct participation in the cyclopropanation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M D Allouche
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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41
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Souza LW, Squitieri RA, Dimirjian CA, Hodur BM, Nickerson LA, Penrod CN, Cordova J, Fettinger JC, Shaw JT. Enantioselective Synthesis of Indolines, Benzodihydrothiophenes, and Indanes by C-H Insertion of Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15213-15216. [PMID: 30193007 PMCID: PMC6377237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We employ a single catalyst/oxidant system to enable the asymmetric syntheses of indolines, benzodihydrothiophenes, and indanes by C-H insertion of donor/donor carbenes. This methodology enables the rapid construction of densely substituted five-membered rings that form the core of many drug targets and natural products. Furthermore, oxidation of hydrazones to the corresponding diazo compounds proceeds in situ, enabling a relatively facile one- or two-pot protocol in which isolation of potentially explosive diazo alkanes is avoided. Regioselectivity studies were performed to determine the impact of sterics and electronics in donor/donor metal carbene C-H insertions to form indolines. This methodology was applied to a variety of substrates in high yield, diastereomeric, and enantiomeric ratios and to the synthesis of a patented indane estrogen receptor agonist with anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W Souza
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Squitieri
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christine A Dimirjian
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Blanka M Hodur
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leslie A Nickerson
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Corinne N Penrod
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jesus Cordova
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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42
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Souza LW, Squitieri RA, Dimirjian CA, Hodur BM, Nickerson LA, Penrod CN, Cordova J, Fettinger JC, Shaw JT. Enantioselective Synthesis of Indolines, Benzodihydrothiophenes, and Indanes by C−H Insertion of Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W. Souza
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Richard A. Squitieri
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | | | - Blanka M. Hodur
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Leslie A. Nickerson
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Corinne N. Penrod
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jesus Cordova
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
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43
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Solé D, Pérez-Janer F, Bennasar ML, Fernández I. Palladium Catalysis in the Intramolecular Carbene C-H Insertion of α-Diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetamides to Form β-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica; Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII 27-31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ferran Pérez-Janer
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica; Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII 27-31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - M.-Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica; Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII 27-31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEOCINQA); Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid Spain
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44
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Wang X, Li M, Yang Y, Guo M, Tang X, Wang G. One-pot Construction of Difluorinated Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Scaffolds via Copper-Catalyzed Radical Cascade Annulation. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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45
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Wang Y, Wen X, Cui X, Zhang XP. Enantioselective Radical Cyclization for Construction of 5-Membered Ring Structures by Metalloradical C-H Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4792-4796. [PMID: 29584958 PMCID: PMC5905427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radical cyclization represents a powerful strategy for construction of ring structures. Traditional radical cyclization, which is based on radical addition as the key step, necessitates the use of unsaturated substrates. Guided by the concept of metalloradical catalysis, a different mode of radical cyclization that can employ saturated C-H substrates is demonstrated through the development of a Co(II)-based system for catalytic activation of aliphatic diazo compounds for enantioselective radical alkylation of various C(sp3)-H bonds. It allows for efficient construction of chiral pyrrolidines and other valuable 5-membered cyclic compounds. This alternative strategy of radical cyclization provides a new retrosynthetic paradigm to prepare five-membered cyclic molecules from readily available open-chain aldehydes through the union of C-H and C=O elements for C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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46
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Carbene Transfer Reactions Catalysed by Dyes of the Metalloporphyrin Group. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040792. [PMID: 29596367 PMCID: PMC6017490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbene transfer reactions are very important transformations in organic synthesis, allowing the generation of structurally challenging products by catalysed cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, carbene C-H, N-H, O-H, S-H, and Si-H insertion, and olefination of carbonyl compounds. In particular, chiral and achiral metalloporphyrins have been successfully explored as biomimetic catalysts for these carbene transfer reactions under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. In this work the use of synthetic metalloporphyrins (MPorph, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Sn) as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts for carbene transfer reactions in the last years is reviewed, almost exclusively focused on the literature since the year 2010, except when reference to older publications was deemed to be crucial.
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47
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Cobalt(II) Porphyrin Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Pyrrolyl Ketones for Construction of Polysubstituted Pyrrolizidines and Pyrrolizines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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49
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Khade RL, Zhang Y. C-H Insertions by Iron Porphyrin Carbene: Basic Mechanism and Origin of Substrate Selectivity. Chemistry 2017; 23:17654-17658. [PMID: 29071754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental reports of heme carbene C-H insertions show promising results for sustainable chemistry due to good yield and selectivity, low cost of iron, and low/no toxicity of hemes. But mechanistic details are mostly unknown. Despite structural similarity and isoelectronic nature between heme carbene and the FeIV =O intermediate, our quantum chemical studies with detailed geometric and electronic information for the first time reveal an FeII -based, concerted, hydride-transfer mechanism, which is different from the FeIV -based stepwise hydrogen atom transfer mechanism for C-H functionalization by native heme enzymes. A trend of broad range experimental C-H insertion yields (0-88 %) of five different C-H bonds, including mostly non-functionalized moieties, was well reproduced. Results suggest that the substrate selectivity originates from the hydride formation capability. The predicted kinetic isotope effects were also in excellent agreement with experiment. Useful geometry, charge, and energy parameters well correlated with barriers were reported. These results provide the first theoretical evidence that carbene formation is the overall rate-limiting step, and suggest a key role of the formation of strong electrophilic heme carbene in developing heme-based C-H insertion catalysts and biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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50
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Griffin JR, Wendell CI, Garwin JA, White MC. Catalytic C(sp 3)-H Alkylation via an Iron Carbene Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13624-13627. [PMID: 28898063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic transformation of a C(sp3)-H bond to a C(sp3)-C bond via an iron carbene intermediate represents a long-standing challenge. Despite the success of enzymatic and small molecule iron catalysts mediating challenging C(sp3)-H oxidations and aminations via high-valent iron oxos and nitrenes, C(sp3)-H alkylations via isoelectronic iron carbene intermediates have thus far been unsuccessful. Iron carbenes have been inert, or shown to favor olefin cyclopropanation and heteroatom-hydrogen insertion. Herein we report an iron phthalocyanine-catalyzed alkylation of allylic and benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. Mechanistic investigations support that an electrophilic iron carbene mediates homolytic C-H cleavage and rebounds from the resulting organoiron intermediate to form the C-C bond; both steps are tunable via catalyst modifications. These studies suggest that for iron carbenes, distinct from other late metal carbenes, C-H cleavage is partially rate-determining and must be promoted to effect reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Griffin
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chloe I Wendell
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jacob A Garwin
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - M Christina White
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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