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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Benny R, De S. Interplay between anti- anti and syn- anti conformations of thiourea modulating ON-OFF catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16767-16772. [PMID: 37902552 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and operation of a readily accessible two-state switch are demonstrated. The switch initially exists in an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded self-locked state, as evidenced by the solution-state NMR and solid-state structure. The switch can be reversibly altered between anti-anti and syn-anti conformations by adding and removing Cu+ ions, as evidenced by the NMR and crystallographic study. The anti-anti form was found to be catalytically active in the Michael addition reaction, whereas the syn-anti form was catalytically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Soumen De
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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3
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Tilly DP, Heeb JP, Webb SJ, Clayden J. Switching imidazole reactivity by dynamic control of tautomer state in an allosteric foldamer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2647. [PMID: 37156760 PMCID: PMC10167260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology achieves control over complex reaction networks by means of molecular systems that translate a chemical input (such as ligand binding) into an orthogonal chemical output (such as acylation or phosphorylation). We present an artificial molecular translation device that converts a chemical input - the presence of chloride ions - into an unrelated chemical output: modulation of the reactivity of an imidazole moiety, both as a Brønsted base and as a nucleophile. The modulation of reactivity operates through the allosteric remote control of imidazole tautomer states. The reversible coordination of chloride to a urea binding site triggers a cascade of conformational changes in a chain of ethylene-bridged hydrogen-bonded ureas, switching the chain's global polarity, that in turn modulates the tautomeric equilibrium of a distal imidazole, and hence its reactivity. Switching reactivities of active sites by dynamically controlling their tautomer states is an untapped strategy for building functional molecular devices with allosteric enzyme-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Tilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jean-Paul Heeb
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Simon J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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4
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Rajasekaran VV, Elramadi E, Valiyev I, Howlader P, Schmittel M. Fast and slow walking driven by chemical fuel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3886-3889. [PMID: 36916664 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fast forward and slow backward motion of a biped on a tetrahedral track using chemical fuel, cooperative binding and kinetic selectivity. Walking of the biped is based on its dibenzyl amine feet that bind to zinc porphyrin units and, upon protonation, to dibenzo 24-crown-8 sites affording pseudorotaxane linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Verman Rajasekaran
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Emad Elramadi
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
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5
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Kundu S, Valiyev I, Mondal D, Rajasekaran VV, Goswami A, Schmittel M. Proton transfer network with luminescence display controls OFF/ON catalysis that generates a high-speed slider-on-deck. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5168-5171. [PMID: 36777932 PMCID: PMC9909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-component network for OFF/ON catalysis was built from a protonated nanoswitch and a luminophore. Its activation by addition of silver(i) triggered the proton-catalyzed formation of a biped and the assembly of a fast slider-on-deck (k 298 = 540 kHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Vishnu Verman Rajasekaran
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
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6
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Howlader P, Schmittel M. Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates /complexation for supramolecular catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:597-630. [PMID: 35673407 PMCID: PMC9152274 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular catalysis is reviewed with an eye on heteroleptic aggregates/complexation. Since most of the current metallosupramolecular catalytic systems are homoleptic in nature, the idea of breaking/reducing symmetry has ignited a vivid search for heteroleptic aggregates that are made up by different components. Their higher degree of functional diversity and structural heterogeneity allows, as demonstrated by Nature by the multicomponent ATP synthase motor, a more detailed and refined configuration of purposeful machinery. Furthermore, (metallo)supramolecular catalysis is shown to extend beyond the single "supramolecular unit" and to reach far into the field and concepts of systems chemistry and information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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7
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Saha S, Kundu S, Biswas PK, Bolte M, Schmittel M. Dynamics of the alkyne → copper( i) interaction and its use in a heteroleptic four-component catalytic rotor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13019-13022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of alkyne → copper(i) interactions has been determined and used to self-assemble a fast nanorotor, which underwent a self-catalyzed click transformation to a triazole rotor, an interesting process for the production of biohybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
| | - Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue Strasse 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
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8
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Olivo G, Capocasa G, Del Giudice D, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S. New horizons for catalysis disclosed by supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7681-7724. [PMID: 34008654 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of a supramolecular approach in catalysis promises to address a number of unmet challenges, ranging from activity (unlocking of novel reaction pathways) to selectivity (alteration of the innate selectivity of a reaction, e.g. selective functionalization of C-H bonds) and regulation (switch ON/OFF, sequential catalysis, etc.). Supramolecular tools such as reversible association and recognition, pre-organization of reactants and stabilization of transition states upon binding offer a unique chance to achieve the above goals disclosing new horizons whose potential is being increasingly recognized and used, sometimes reaching the degree of ripeness for practical use. This review summarizes the main developments that have opened such new frontiers, with the aim of providing a guide to researchers approaching the field. We focus on artificial supramolecular catalysts of defined stoichiometry which, under homogeneous conditions, unlock outcomes that are highly difficult if not impossible to attain otherwise, namely unnatural reactivity or selectivity and catalysis regulation. The different strategies recently explored in supramolecular catalysis are concisely presented, and, for each one, a single or very few examples is/are described (mainly last 10 years, with only milestone older works discussed). The subject is divided into four sections in light of the key design principle: (i) nanoconfinement of reactants, (ii) recognition-driven catalysis, (iii) catalysis regulation by molecular machines and (iv) processive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Capocasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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9
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Kundu BK, Pragti, Biswas S, Mondal A, Mazumdar S, Mobin SM, Mukhopadhyay S. Unveiling the urease like intrinsic catalytic activities of two dinuclear nickel complexes towards the in situ syntheses of aminocyanopyridines. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4848-4858. [PMID: 33877182 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Designing metal complexes as functional models for metalloenzymes remains one of the main targets in synthetic bioinorganic chemistry. Furthermore, the utilization of the product(s) derived from the catalytic reaction for subsequent organic transformation that occurs in biological systems is an even more difficult challenge for biochemists. Urease, the most efficient enzyme known, catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea and it contains an essential dinuclear NiII cluster in the active site. Inspired by the catalytic properties of urease, two dinickel(ii) complexes viz. Ni2L12(OAc)2(H2O) (1) and Ni2L22(OAc)2(H2O) (2) [HL1 = 2,4-dimethyl-6-{[(2'-dimethyl aminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}-phenol and HL2 = 2,4-dichloro-6-{[(2'-dimethyl aminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}-phenol] have been synthesized and characterized in this report. Both the complexes have shown the urease kind of activity with the liberation of ammonia from urea in aqueous solution. The plausible mechanistic pathway and kinetics of the reactions have been studied. Besides, the liberated ammonia has been utilized in the one-pot synthesis of biologically active products like 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines and their derivatives in aqueous medium with excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India.
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10
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Ghosh A, Schmittel M. Using multiple self-sorting for switching functions in discrete multicomponent systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2831-2853. [PMID: 33281986 PMCID: PMC7684700 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over years self-sorting has developed into a powerful tool in supramolecular chemistry, for instance, to promote the error-free formation of intricate multicomponent assemblies. However, in order to use the enormous potential of self-sorting for sophisticated information processing more recent developments have focused on the reversible reconfiguration of multicomponent systems driven by multiple self-sorting protocols. The present mini review will provide an overview over the latest advancements in this field with a focus on reversibly switchable functions in discrete supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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11
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Biswas PK, Goswami A, Saha S, Schmittel M. Dynamics of Hydrogen Bonding in Three-Component Nanorotors. Chemistry 2020; 26:14095-14099. [PMID: 32744381 PMCID: PMC7702118 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of hydrogen bonding do not only play an important role in many biochemical processes but also in Nature's multicomponent machines. Here, a three-component nanorotor is presented where both the self-assembly and rotational dynamics are guided by hydrogen bonding. In the rate-limiting step of the rotational exchange, two phenolic O-H-N,N(phenanthroline) hydrogen bonds are cleaved, a process that was followed by variable-temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Activation data (ΔG≠ 298 =46.7 kJ mol-1 at 298 K, ΔH≠ =55.3 kJ mol-1 , and ΔS≠ =28.8 J mol-1 K-1 ) were determined, furnishing a rotational exchange frequency of k298 =40.0 kHz. Fully reversible disassembly/assembly of the nanorotor was achieved by addition of 5.0 equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) over three cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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12
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Brevé TG, Filius M, Araman C, van der Helm MP, Hagedoorn P, Joo C, van Kasteren SI, Eelkema R. Conditional Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition by Catalyst Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9340-9344. [PMID: 32180306 PMCID: PMC7318279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular encapsulation is known to alter chemical properties of guest molecules. We have applied this strategy of molecular encapsulation to temporally control the catalytic activity of a stable copper(I)-carbene catalyst. Encapsulation of the copper(I)-carbene catalyst by the supramolecular host cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) resulted in the complete inactivation of a copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The addition of a chemical signal achieved the near instantaneous activation of the catalyst, by releasing the catalyst from the inhibited CB[7] catalyst complex. To broaden the scope of our on-demand CuAAC reaction, we demonstrated the protein labeling of vinculin with the copper(I)-carbene catalyst, to inhibit its activity by encapsulation with CB[7] and to initiate labeling at any moment by adding a specific signal molecule. Ultimately, this strategy allows for temporal control over copper-catalyzed click chemistry, on small molecules as well as protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G. Brevé
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Mike Filius
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Michelle P. van der Helm
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Peter‐Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Chirlmin Joo
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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13
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. Reversible Multicomponent AND Gate Triggered by Stoichiometric Chemical Pulses Commands the Self-Assembly and Actuation of Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7889-7897. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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14
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Brevé TG, Filius M, Araman C, Helm MP, Hagedoorn P, Joo C, Kasteren SI, Eelkema R. Conditional Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition by Catalyst Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G. Brevé
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mike Filius
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Michelle P. Helm
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Peter‐Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chirlmin Joo
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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15
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Theoretical design and rotational conformation analysis of molecular bevel gear with triptycene as rotator. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-2576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Rajasekaran VV, Paul I, Schmittel M. Reversible switching from a three- to a nine-fold degenerate dynamic slider-on-deck through catenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12821-12824. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two dynamic slider-on-deck assemblies, i.e. a two-component threefold degenerate (k298 = 34.9 kHz) and a catenated three-component ninefold degenerate (k298 = 27.9 kHz) system with allosteric effects on the sliding rates, were quantitatively interconverted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- Germany
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17
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Benda L, Doistau B, Rossi-Gendron C, Chamoreau LM, Hasenknopf B, Vives G. Substrate-dependent allosteric regulation by switchable catalytic molecular tweezers. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAllosteric regulation is exploited by biological systems to regulate the activity and/or selectivity of enzymatic reactions but remains a challenge for artificial catalysts. Here we report switchable terpy(Zn-salphen)2 molecular tweezers and their metal-dependent allosteric regulation of the acetylation of pyridinemethanol isomers. Zinc-salphen moieties can both act as a Lewis acid to activate the anhydride reagents and provide a binding site for pyridinemethanol substrates. The tweezers’ conformation can be reversibly switched between an open and a closed form by a metal ion stimulus. Both states offer distinct catalytic profiles, with closed tweezers showing superior catalytic activity towards ortho substrates, while open tweezers presenting higher rate for the acetylation of meta and para substrates. This notable substrate dependent allosteric response is rationalized by a combination of experimental results and calculations supporting a bimetallic reaction in the closed form for ortho substrate and an inhibition of the cavity for meta and para substrates.
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18
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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19
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Goswami A, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Switching Dual Catalysis without Molecular Switch: Using A Multicomponent Information System for Reversible Reconfiguration of Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15656-15663. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Das RJ, Mahata K. Mutualistic benefit in the self-sorted co-aggregates of peri-naphthoindigo and a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivative. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5282-5286. [PMID: 31232407 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence enhancement for all the members of a self-sorted co-aggregate was observed for the first time by successfully amalgamating AIEE and social self-sorting. Intermolecular H-bonding and π-π stacking were utilised to prepare several co-aggregates of peri-naphthoindigo (PNI) and a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivative dye, NH2-NMI. In the heteromeric aggregates, photoluminescence intensities were increased by 28% for the imide and more than 400% for PNI. Due to spectral overlap between the emission of the imide and the absorption of PNI, energy transfer took place from the former to the latter. The heteromeric aggregates are dual emissive and the relative intensities of the emissions can easily be tuned by varying the stoichiometry of the dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Kingsuk Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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21
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Martynov AG, Safonova EA, Tsivadze AY, Gorbunova YG. Functional molecular switches involving tetrapyrrolic macrocycles. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Peters MK, Hamer S, Jäkel T, Röhricht F, Sönnichsen FD, von Essen C, Lahtinen M, Naether C, Rissanen K, Herges R. Spin Switching with Triazolate-Strapped Ferrous Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5265-5272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten K. Peters
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hamer
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Torben Jäkel
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolina von Essen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Manu Lahtinen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christian Naether
- Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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23
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Sarmah K, Mukhopadhyay S, Maji TK, Pratihar S. Switchable Bifunctional Bistate Reusable ZnO–Cu for Selective Oxidation and Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Sarmah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam−784028, India
| | | | - Tarun K. Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam−784028, India
| | - Sanjay Pratihar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam−784028, India
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24
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Heteroleptic copper phenanthroline complexes in motion: From stand-alone devices to multi-component machinery. Coord Chem Rev 2018; 376:478-505. [PMID: 32287354 PMCID: PMC7126816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two and a half decades of copper phenanthroline-based switches, devices and machines have illustrated the rich dynamic nature of these metal complexes. With an emphasis on the metal-ligand dissociation as the rate-determining step the present review summarizes not only spectacular examples of machinery, but also highlights rate data collected during a variety of investigations. Copper-ligand exchange reactions are mostly triggered by redox processes, addition of metal ions or addition of ligands. While the rate data spread over >8 orders of magnitude, individual effects of solvent, steric bulk, flexibility, σ-basicity and the trajectory (intra- vs. intermolecular dissociation) have large impact. Unfortunately, in many cases the exact mechanism in the rate-determining step (nucleophile-induced vs. monomolecular metal-ligand dissociation) has not been determined, suggesting to invest further efforts in the physical (in)organic chemistry of such coordination-driven systems.
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25
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Dynamic Functional Molecular Systems: From Supramolecular Structures to Multi‐Component Machinery and to Molecular Cybernetics. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Abstract
In this paper we elaborate on recently developed molecular switch architectures and how these new systems can help with the realization of new functions and advancement of artificial molecular machines. Progress in chemically and photoinduced switches and motors is summarized and contextualized such that the reader may gain an appreciation for the novel tools that have come about in the past decade. Many of these systems offer distinct advantages over commonly employed switches, including improved fidelity, addressability, and robustness. Thus, this paper serves as a jumping-off point for researchers seeking new switching motifs for specific applications, or ones that address the limitations of presently available systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Mark J Moran
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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27
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Rotating Catalysts Are Superior: Suppressing Product Inhibition by Anchimeric Assistance in Four-Component Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9038-9041. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie II, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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28
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van Dijk L, Tilby MJ, Szpera R, Smith OA, Bunce HAP, Fletcher SP. Molecular machines for catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Colomban C, Martin-Diaconescu V, Parella T, Goeb S, García-Simón C, Lloret-Fillol J, Costas M, Ribas X. Design of Zn-, Cu-, and Fe-Coordination Complexes Confined in a Self-Assembled Nanocage. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3529-3539. [PMID: 29293325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of coordination complexes in a tetragonal prismatic nanocage (1·(BArF)8) built from Zn-porphyrin and macrocyclic Pd-clip-based synthons is described. The functional duality of the guest ligand L1 allows for its encapsulation inside the cage 1·(BArF)8, along with the simultaneous coordination of ZnII, CuII, or FeIII metal ions. Remarkably, the coordination chemistry inside the host-guest adduct L1⊂1·(BArF)8 occurs in both solution solution and solid state. The resulting confined metallocomplexes have been characterized by means of UV-vis, ESI-HRMS, NMR, and EPR techniques. Furthermore, the emission of the Zn-porphyrin fluorophores of 1·(BArF)8 is strongly quenched by the encapsulation of paramagnetic complexes, representing a remarkable example of guest-dependent tuning of the host fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi , Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi , 17003 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Paisos Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de RMN, Facultat de Ciències , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB , E-08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200 , Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou , 2 bd Lavoisier , 49045 Angers Cedex , France
| | - Cristina García-Simón
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi , Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi , 17003 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Paisos Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi , Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi , 17003 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi , Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi , 17003 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
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30
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Schmittel M. Networking switches for smart functions using copper signaling and dynamic heteroleptic complexation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6654-6659. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This personal frontier account describes our recent progress in networking nanoswitches to generate emergent functions, such as catalytic machinery, and identifies the key impediments in mastering the paradigm shift from pure compounds to smart mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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31
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Gaikwad S, Pramanik S, De S, Schmittel M. A high-speed network of nanoswitches for on/off control of catalysis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1786-1790. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper(i) ion translocation is the key for fast and reliable communication between networked devices in the catalytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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32
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From Self-Sorting of Dynamic Metal–Ligand Motifs to (Supra)Molecular Machinery in Action. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Mittal N, Özer MS, Schmittel M. Four-Component Catalytic Machinery: Reversible Three-State Control of Organocatalysis by Walking Back and Forth on a Track. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:3579-3586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Merve S. Özer
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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34
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Huang F, Wang G, Ma L, Wang Y, Chen X, Che Y, Jiang H. Molecular Spur Gears Based on a Switchable Quinquepyridine Foldamer Acting as a Stator. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12106-12111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Huang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, P.R.China
| | - Guangxia Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, P.R.China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Ying Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Yanke Che
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
| | - Hua Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
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35
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De Bo G, Leigh DA, McTernan CT, Wang S. A complementary pair of enantioselective switchable organocatalysts. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7077-7081. [PMID: 29147536 PMCID: PMC5637462 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of enantioselective switchable bifunctional catalysts are shown to promote a range of conjugate addition reactions in up to 95 : 5 e.r. and 95% conversion. Each catalyst can be switched OFF using conditions that switch the other catalyst ON. Catalyst ON : OFF ratios of up to 98 : 2 and 1 : 99 were achieved, with a ratio of reaction rates of up to 16 : 1 between the ON and OFF states, maintained over complete ON-OFF-ON and OFF-ON-OFF cycles. However, simultaneous operation of the catalyst pair in the same reaction vessel, which in principle could allow product handedness to be switched by simple E-Z isomerisation of the catalyst pair, was unsuccessful. In this first generation complementary pair of enantioselective switchable organocatalysts, the OFF state of one catalyst inhibits the ON state of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume De Bo
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Charlie T McTernan
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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36
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Eichstaedt K, Jaramillo-Garcia J, Leigh DA, Marcos V, Pisano S, Singleton TA. Switching between Anion-Binding Catalysis and Aminocatalysis with a Rotaxane Dual-Function Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Eichstaedt
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simone Pisano
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Thomas A. Singleton
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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37
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Saura-Sanmartin A, Nicolas-Garcia T, Navarro C, Orenes RA, Alajarin M, Berna J. Photoswitchable interlocked thiodiglycolamide as a cocatalyst of a chalcogeno-Baylis-Hillman reaction. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3775-3780. [PMID: 28580109 PMCID: PMC5436546 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
En route to a photoswitchable interlocked catalyst we have proved the ability of thiodiglycolamide to act as a template in the formation of hydrogen-bonded [2]rotaxanes. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the shielding of the sulfide atom by the macrocycle. A series of molecular shuttles are described as having an isomerizable fumaramide and thiodiglycolamide binding sites for controlling the relative ring position at will. By employing these systems as photoregulated catalysts, the TiCl4-mediated chalcogeno-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction is tested. In the presence of the maleamide shuttle, in which the sulfide function is encapsulated by the macrocycle, a complete loss in control of the geometry of the produced aldol is observed. The E-aldol adduct is predominantly obtained when the photoisomerized fumaramide shuttle, in which the sulfide function is exposed, is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" , Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 , Murcia , Spain .
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" , Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 , Murcia , Spain .
| | - Tomas Nicolas-Garcia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" , Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 , Murcia , Spain .
| | - Cristian Navarro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" , Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 , Murcia , Spain .
| | | | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" , Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 , Murcia , Spain .
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" , Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 , Murcia , Spain .
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38
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Semwal S, Choudhury J. Switch in Catalyst State: Single Bifunctional Bi-state Catalyst for Two Different Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrivats Semwal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal 462066 India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal 462066 India
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39
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Semwal S, Choudhury J. Switch in Catalyst State: Single Bifunctional Bi-state Catalyst for Two Different Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5556-5560. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrivats Semwal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal 462066 India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal 462066 India
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40
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Song B, Zhang Z, Wang K, Hsu C, Bolarinwa O, Wang J, Li Y, Yin G, Rivera E, Yang H, Liu C, Xu B, Li X. Direct Self‐Assembly of a 2D and 3D Star of David. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Chih‐Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Olapeju Bolarinwa
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Guang‐Qiang Yin
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Edwin Rivera
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P.R. China
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
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41
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Song B, Zhang Z, Wang K, Hsu CH, Bolarinwa O, Wang J, Li Y, Yin GQ, Rivera E, Yang HB, Liu C, Xu B, Li X. Direct Self-Assembly of a 2D and 3D Star of David. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5258-5262. [PMID: 28382756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two- and three-dimensional metallosupramolecules shaped like a Star of David were synthesized by the self-assembly of a tetratopic pyridyl ligand with a 180° diplatinum(II) motif and PdII ions, respectively. In contrast to other strategies, such as template-directed synthesis and stepwise self-assembly, this design enables the formation of 2D and 3D structures in one step and high yield. The structures were characterized by both one-dimensional (1 H, 13 C, 31 P) and two-dimensional (COSY, NOESY, DOSY) NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), AFM, and TEM. The stabilities of the 2D and 3D structures were measured and compared by gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2 ). The high stability of the 3D Star of David was correlated to its high density of coordination sites (DOCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Olapeju Bolarinwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Edwin Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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42
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Mittal N, Pramanik S, Paul I, De S, Schmittel M. Networking Nanoswitches for ON/OFF Control of Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4270-4273. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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43
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Zhang Q, Wang WZ, Yu JJ, Qu DH, Tian H. Dynamic Self-Assembly Encodes A Tri-stable Au-TiO 2 Photocatalyst. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604948. [PMID: 27874232 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A tri-stable switchable catalyst is encoded by pH-controlled dynamic self-assembly of gold and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Through precise adjustment of the integrated dynamic covalent and noncovalent self-assembly process of the two types of nanoparticles, the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid system is modulated by switching pH conditions between tri-stable "highly active", "active", and "inactive" states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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44
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Samanta D, Paul I, Schmittel M. Supramolecular five-component nano-oscillator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9709-9712. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A five-component self-sorted metallo-supramolecular nano-oscillator was designed based on the full orthogonality of three different dynamic complexation motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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45
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Abstract
In our quest to develop artificial multistate devices, we synthesized the nanomechanical switch 1 that is characterized by a tetrahedral core equipped with four pending arms. The rotary arm with its azaterpyridine terminal is intramolecularly coordinated to a zinc(II) porphyrin station that is the terminus of another arm in 1. The two other arms carry identical sterically shielded phenanthroline stations. The 2-fold alternate addition of a copper(I) ion and [1,10]-phenanthroline (1 equiv each) results in the formation of five different switching states (State I→ State II→ State III→ State IV→ State V → State I), which force the toggling arm to move back and forth between the zinc(II) porphyrin and phenanthroline stations separated by a distance of 25 Å. All switching states constitute clean single species, except for State III, and thus are fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Finally, the initial state of nanoswitch was reset by addition of cyclam for complete removal of the copper(I) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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46
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Neal EA, Goldup SM. A Kinetic Self-Sorting Approach to Heterocircuit [3]Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12488-93. [PMID: 27600208 PMCID: PMC5113769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, an active-template coupling is used to demonstrate a novel kinetic self-sorting process. This process iteratively increases the yield of the target heterocircuit [3]rotaxane product at the expense of other threaded species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Neal
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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47
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Vlatković M, Collins BSL, Feringa BL. Dynamic Responsive Systems for Catalytic Function. Chemistry 2016; 22:17080-17111. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matea Vlatković
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Unit; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; University of Groningen; Nijenborg 4 9747 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Beatrice S. L. Collins
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Unit; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; University of Groningen; Nijenborg 4 9747 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Unit; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; University of Groningen; Nijenborg 4 9747 Groningen The Netherlands
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48
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Neal EA, Goldup SM. A Kinetic Self-Sorting Approach to Heterocircuit [3]Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Neal
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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49
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Preston D, Tucker RAJ, Garden AL, Crowley JD. Heterometallic [MnPtn(L)2n]x+ Macrocycles from Dichloromethane-Derived Bis-2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8928-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert A. J. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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50
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Gaikwad S, Goswami A, De S, Schmittel M. Ein metallregulierter vierstufiger Nanoschalter zur Steuerung einer zweistufigen sequenziellen Katalyse in einem Elf-Komponenten-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Abir Goswami
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Soumen De
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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