1
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Sung DB, Lee JS. Natural-product-based fluorescent probes: recent advances and applications. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:412-432. [PMID: 36970151 PMCID: PMC10034199 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are attractive tools for biology, drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and environmental analysis. In bioimaging, these easy-to-operate and inexpensive probes can be used to detect biological substances, obtain detailed cell images, track in vivo biochemical reactions, and monitor disease biomarkers without damaging biological samples. Over the last few decades, natural products have attracted extensive research interest owing to their great potential as recognition units for state-of-the-art fluorescent probes. This review describes representative natural-product-based fluorescent probes and recent discoveries, with a particular focus on fluorescent bioimaging and biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Bi Sung
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea
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2
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Reisman BJ, Guo H, Ramsey HE, Wright MT, Reinfeld BI, Ferrell PB, Sulikowski GA, Rathmell WK, Savona MR, Plate L, Rubinstein JL, Bachmann BO. Apoptolidin family glycomacrolides target leukemia through inhibition of ATP synthase. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:360-367. [PMID: 34857958 PMCID: PMC8967781 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have long been recognized to exhibit unique bioenergetic requirements. The apoptolidin family of glycomacrolides are distinguished by their selective cytotoxicity towards oncogene-transformed cells, yet their molecular mechanism remains uncertain. We used photoaffinity analogs of the apoptolidins to identify the F1 subcomplex of mitochondrial ATP synthase as the target of apoptolidin A. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of apoptolidin and ammocidin-ATP synthase complexes revealed a novel shared mode of inhibition that was confirmed by deep mutational scanning of the binding interface to reveal resistance mutations which were confirmed using CRISPR-Cas9. Ammocidin A was found to suppress leukemia progression in vivo at doses that were tolerated with minimal toxicity. The combination of cellular, structural, mutagenesis, and in vivo evidence defines the mechanism of action of apoptolidin family glycomacrolides and establishes a path to address oxidative phosphorylation-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Reisman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley E. Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Madison T. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bradley I. Reinfeld
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - P. Brent Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael R. Savona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John L. Rubinstein
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian O. Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Correspondence to:
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3
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Gu D, Zhang W. Engineered biosynthesis of alkyne-tagged polyketides. Methods Enzymol 2022; 665:347-373. [PMID: 35379442 PMCID: PMC9829517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyketides have demonstrated their significance as therapeutics, industrial products, pesticides, and biological probes following intense study over the past decades. Tagging polyketides with a bioorthogonal functionality enables various applications such as diversification, quantification, visualization and mode-of-action elucidation. The terminal alkyne moiety, as a small, stable and highly selective clickable functionality, is widely adopted in tagging natural products. De novo biosynthesis of alkyne-tagged polyketides offers the unique advantage of reducing the background from feeding the biorthogonal moiety itself, leading to the accomplishment of in situ generation of a clickable functionality for bioorthogonal reactions. Here, we introduce several engineering strategies to apply terminal alkyne biosynthetic machinery, represented by JamABC, which produces a short terminal alkyne-bearing fatty acyl chain on a carrier protein, to functions with different downstream polyketide synthases (PKSs). Successful results in engineering type III and type I PKSs provide engineering guidelines and strategies that are applicable to additional PKSs to produce targeted alkyne-tagged metabolites for chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States,Corresponding author:
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4
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Natural products and other inhibitors of F 1F O ATP synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112779. [PMID: 32942072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
F1FO ATP synthase is responsible for the production of >95% of all ATP synthesis within the cell. Dysregulation of its expression, activity or localization is linked to various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In addition, ATP synthase is a novel and viable drug target for the development of antimicrobials as evidenced by bedaquiline, which was approved in 2012 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Historically, natural products have been a rich source of ATP synthase inhibitors that help unravel the role of F1FO ATP synthase in cellular bioenergetics. During the last decade, new modulators of ATP synthase have been discovered through the isolation of novel natural products as well as through a ligand-based drug design process. In addition, new data has been obtained with regards to the structure and function of ATP synthase under physiological and pathological conditions. Crystal structure studies have provided a significant insight into the rotary function of the enzyme and may provide additional opportunities to design a new generation of inhibitors. This review provides an update on recently discovered ATP synthase modulators as well as an update on existing scaffolds.
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5
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Li M, Yuan L, Chen Y, Ma W, Ran F, Zhang L, Zhou D, Xiao S. Rhodamine B-based fluorescent probes for molecular mechanism study of the anti-influenza activity of pentacyclic triterpenes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112664. [PMID: 32755747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of pentacyclic triterpenes has attracted increasing attention. However, the detailed antiviral mechanism remains fully unclear. In the present study, four C28 or C30 modified pentacyclic triterpene probes via conjugating with rhodamine B were designed and synthesized, and their anti-influenza virus activity was evaluated. The results indicated that two compounds 14 and 23 showed significant antiviral activity to influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with IC50 values of 8.36 and 8.24 μM, respectively. The mechanism of action studies of representative probe 23 indicated that it could inhibit the membrane fusion by binding with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the apparent dissociation constant (KD) value for probe 23-HA interaction was successfully evaluated (1.78 × 10-5 M) using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. In addition, the subcellular localization of probe 23 in MDCK cells was determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, and the results suggested that fluorescent probe 23 was rapidly taken up in MDCK cells and accumulated in cytoplasm, but no antiviral activity was observed after its entry into cells. The present study further confirmed our previous finding that pentacyclic triterpenes could tightly bind to the viral envelope HA protein, thus blocking the virus entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Centre of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fuxiang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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6
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Porterfield WB, Poenateetai N, Zhang W. Engineered Biosynthesis of Alkyne-Tagged Polyketides by Type I PKSs. iScience 2020; 23:100938. [PMID: 32146323 PMCID: PMC7063234 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyketides produced by modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are important small molecules widely used as drugs, pesticides, and biological probes. Tagging these polyketides with a clickable functionality enables the visualization, diversification, and mode of action study through bio-orthogonal chemistry. We report the de novo biosynthesis of alkyne-tagged polyketides by modular type I PKSs through starter unit engineering. Specifically, we use JamABC, a terminal alkyne biosynthetic machinery from the jamaicamide B biosynthetic pathway, in combination with representative modular PKSs. We demonstrate that JamABC works as a trans loading system for engineered type I PKSs to produce alkyne-tagged polyketides. In addition, the production efficiency can be improved by enhancing the interactions between the carrier protein (JamC) and PKSs using docking domains and site-directed mutagenesis of JamC. This work thus provides engineering guidelines and strategies that are applicable to additional modular type I PKSs to produce targeted alkyne-tagged metabolites for chemical and biological applications. Alkyne-tagged polyketides are de novo biosynthesized using type I PKSs Docking domains and ACP mutagenesis improve alkyne starter unit translocation Docking domains, but not ACP mutagenesis, perturb alkyne biosynthetic machinery
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Porterfield
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Nannalin Poenateetai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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7
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Abstract
As a double-edged sword, autophagy in cancer cells could either suppress or promote tumorigenesis. Nowadays, more and more natural compounds with autophagy-regulating activities exhibit therapeutic effects against various cancers. N-Heterocycle derivatives plays an important role for discovery new drugs. In this review, we summarize and classify 116 N-heterocycle derivatives with autophagy-regulating activities in the past decade into 12 classes according to structure characteristics. The structural features, bioactivities, mechanism and problems faced in this field are discussed and reported for the first time. Some of these even exhibited outstanding in vivo antitumor activities, including bisaminoquinoline (3), pancratistatin (8), 10-hydroxyevodiamine (18), lycorine (28), piperine (31) and iridium (III) complex (57), which are potential drug candidates for antitumor therapy.
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8
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Seidel J, Miao Y, Porterfield W, Cai W, Zhu X, Kim SJ, Hu F, Bhattarai-Kline S, Min W, Zhang W. Structure-activity-distribution relationship study of anti-cancer antimycin-type depsipeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9379-9382. [PMID: 31317975 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule natural products have been an essential source of pharmaceuticals to treat human diseases, but very little is known about their behavior inside dynamic, live human cells. Here, we demonstrate the first structure-activity-distribution relationship (SADR) study of complex natural products, the anti-cancer antimycin-type depsipeptides, using the emerging bioorthogonal Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) Microscopy. Our results show that the intracellular enrichment and distribution of these compounds are driven by their potency and specific protein targets, as well as the lipophilic nature of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Seidel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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9
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Zhu T, Chen C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L, Luo J, Kong L. Cellular target identification of Withangulatin A using fluorescent analogues and subsequent chemical proteomics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8231-8234. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Find the target of Withangulatin A with the combination of fluorescent probes and chemical proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Sisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Dongrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Lingnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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10
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Chen S, Dong G, Wu S, Liu N, Zhang W, Sheng C. Novel fluorescent probes of 10-hydroxyevodiamine: autophagy and apoptosis-inducing anticancer mechanisms. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:144-156. [PMID: 30766786 PMCID: PMC6361730 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product evodiamine and its derivatives represent a promising class of multi-target antitumor agents. However, the clinical development of these compounds has been hampered by a poor understanding of their antitumor mechanisms. To tackle this obstacle, herein, novel fluorescent probes were designed to elucidate the antitumor mode of action of 10-hydroxyevodiamine. This compound was proven to be distributed in the mitochondria and lysosomes and to act by autophagy and apoptosis mechanisms.
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Key Words
- 10-Hydroxyevodiamine
- 3MA, 3-methyladenine
- Anticancer mechanisms
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- Boc, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
- CCK8, cell counting kit-8
- DMAP, 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- EDC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride
- Fluorescent probes
- HBTU, O-benzotriazole-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-uronium-hexafluorophosphate
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- NPs, natural products
- TEA, trimethylamine
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
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11
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Yao H, Wei G, Liu Y, Yao H, Zhu Z, Ye W, Wu X, Xu J, Xu S. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent 23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid Probes, and Their Cellular Localization Studies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1030-1034. [PMID: 30344912 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (23-HBA) is a complex lupane triterpenoid, which has attracted increasing attention as an anticancer agent. However, its detailed mechanism of anticancer action remains elusive so far. To reveal its anticancer mode of action, a series of fluorescent 23-HBA derivatives conjugated with coumarin dyes were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities. Subcellular localization and uptake profile studies of representative fluorescent 23-HBA probe 26c were performed in B16F10 cells, and the results suggested that probe 26c was rapidly taken up into B10F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner and mitochondrion was the main site of its accumulation. Further mode of action studies implied that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in 23-HBA-mediated apoptosis. Together, our results provided new clues for revealing the molecular mechanism of natural product 23-HBA for its further development into an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guoxiang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Wencai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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12
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Govindarajan M. Amphiphilic glycoconjugates as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1208-1253. [PMID: 29126728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilicity is one of the desirable features in the process of drug development which improves the biological as well as the pharmacokinetics profile of bioactive molecule. Carbohydrate moieties present in anti-cancer natural products and synthetic molecules influence the amphiphilicity and hence their bioactivity. This review focuses on natural and synthetic amphiphilic anti-cancer glycoconjugates. Different classes of molecules with varying degree of amphiphilicity are covered with discussions on their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugunthan Govindarajan
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
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13
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Nazari M, Serrill JD, Wan X, Nguyen MH, Anklin C, Gallegos DA, Smith AB, Ishmael JE, McPhail KL. New Mandelalides Expand a Macrolide Series of Mitochondrial Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7850-7862. [PMID: 28841379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mandelalides A-D (1-4) are macrocyclic polyketides known to have an unusual bioactivity profile influenced by compound glycosylation and growth phase of cultured cells. The isolation and characterization of additional natural congeners, mandelalides E-L (5-12), and the supply of synthetic compounds 1 and 12, as well as seco-mandelalide A methyl ester (13), have now facilitated mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship studies. Glycosylated mandelalides are effective inhibitors of aerobic respiration in living cells. Macrolides 1 and 2 inhibit mitochondrial function similar to oligomycin A and apoptolidin A, selective inhibitors of the mammalian ATP synthase (complex V). 1 inhibits ATP synthase activity from isolated mitochondria and triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells, which are more sensitive to inhibition by 1 in the presence of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Thus, mandelalide cytotoxicity depends on basal metabolic phenotype; cells with an oxidative phenotype are most likely to be inhibited by the mandelalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nazari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Serrill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xuemei Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Minh H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Clemens Anklin
- Bruker BioSpin , 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David A Gallegos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jane E Ishmael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Kerry L McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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14
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Xu S, Luo S, Yao H, Cai H, Miao X, Wu F, Yang DH, Wu X, Xie W, Yao H, Chen ZS, Xu J. Probing the Anticancer Action of Oridonin with Fluorescent Analogues: Visualizing Subcellular Localization to Mitochondria. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5022-34. [PMID: 27089099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oridonin (1) is a complex ent-kaurane diterpenoid exhibiting remarkable antitumor activity. However, the detailed mechanism or cellular target that underlies this activity has not yet been identified. Herein, we report an efficient approach for exploring the anticancer mechanism of oridonin through development of the potent fluorescent analogues. A series of novel fluorescent oridonin probes linked with coumarin moieties were designed, synthesized, and characterized. Fluorescence microscopy and confocal imaging studies suggested that fluorescent oridonin probe 17d was rapidly taken up into tumor cells and the mitochondrion was the main site of its accumulation. Moreover, we confirmed that cytochrome c played an important role in oridonin induced mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis and α,β-unsaturated ketone is the active moiety of oridonin, which is crucial to its uptake, localization, and cytotoxicity. Our results provide new insights on the molecular mechanism of oridonin and would be useful for its further development into an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, New York 11439, United States
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, New York 11439, United States
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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15
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The use of fluorescently-tagged apoptolidins in cellular uptake and response studies. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:327-30. [PMID: 26956792 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The apoptolidins are glycomacrolide microbial metabolites reported to be selectively cytotoxic against tumor cells. Using fluorescently tagged active derivatives we demonstrate selective uptake of these four tagged glycomacrolides in cancer cells over healthy human blood cells. We also demonstrate the utility of these five fluorescently tagged glycomacrolides in fluorescent flow cytometry to monitor cellular uptake of the six glycomacrolides and cellular response.
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16
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Yang C, Zhao J, Cheng Y, Le XC, Rong J. N-Propargyl Caffeate Amide (PACA) Potentiates Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-Induced Neurite Outgrowth and Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-Induced Toxicity by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1560-9. [PMID: 26147318 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient production of neurotrophic factors is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of N-propargyl caffeate amide (PACA) to enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth and the underlying mechanisms. We discovered that PACA not only potentiated NGF-induced neurite outgrowth but also attenuated 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxicity in dopaminergic PC12 cells and primary rat midbrain neurons. To identify the PACA-binding proteins, we introduced a biotin tag to the covalent PACA-protein adducts via "click chemistry" alkyne-azido cycloaddition. As a result, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) was isolated as the predominant protein from PACA treated PC12 cells. We demonstrated that the formation of PACA-Keap1 conjugates induced the nuclear translocation of transcription factor Nrf2 and the expression of antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Importantly, specific HO-1 inhibitor SnPP diminished the neuroprotective and neuritogenic activities of PACA. Moreover, PACA attenuated 6-OHDA-induced production of neurotoxic reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. PACA also preserved mitochondrial membrane integrity and enhanced the cellular resistance against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. These results suggest that PACA may exhibit neuroprotective and neuritogenic activities via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Yang
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - X. Chris Le
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Freimuth L, Christoffers J. Bifunctional Diaminoterephthalate Scaffolds as Fluorescence Turn-On Probes for Thiols. Chemistry 2015; 21:8214-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Zhu X, Zhang W. Tagging polyketides/non-ribosomal peptides with a clickable functionality and applications. Front Chem 2015; 3:11. [PMID: 25815285 PMCID: PMC4356899 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has recently emerged to be one of the most powerful tools in drug discovery and chemical biology. The exploration of it has successfully advanced the field of natural product research. In this Perspective, we survey current strategies for the installation of chemical handles into the molecular scaffolds of several major classes of natural products, including polyketides (PKs), non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), and their hybrids. By tagging these natural products with chemical handles and coupling them with subsequent bioorthogonal reactions, researchers have visualized and studied the mode of action of natural products, as well as synthesized derivatives with better pharmaceutical properties. We conclude this Perspective by considering two questions: is there a general way to synthesize tagged PKs/NRPs? Does natural product labeling have a broader impact in the field of natural product research beyond current known applications?
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA, USA
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