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Culvyhouse J, Unruh DK, Lischka H, Aquino AJA, Krempner C. Facile Access to Organostibines via Selective Organic Superbase Catalyzed Antimony-Carbon Protonolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407822. [PMID: 38763897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The selective formation of antimony-carbon bonds via organic superbase catalysis under metal- and salt-free conditions is reported. This novel approach utilizes electron-deficient stibine, Sb(C6F5)3, to give upon base-catalyzed reactions with weakly acidic aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons access to a range of new aromatic and heteroaromatic stibines, respectively, with loss of C6HF5. Also, the significantly less electron-deficient stibines, Ph2SbC6F5 and PhSb(C6F5)2 smoothly underwent base-catalyzed exchange reactions with a range of terminal alkynes to generate the stibines of formulae PhSb(C≡CPh)2, and Ph2SbC≡CR [R=C6H5, C6H4-NO2, COOEt, CH2Cl, CH2NEt2, CH2OSiMe3, Sb(C6H5)2], respectively. These formal substitution reactions proceed with high selectivity as only the C6F5 groups serve as a leaving group to be liberated as C6HF5 upon formal proton transfer from the alkyne. Kinetic studies of the base-catalyzed reaction of Ph2SbC6F5 with phenyl acetylene to form Ph2SbC≡CPh and C6HF5 suggested the empirical rate law to exhibit a first-order dependence with respect to the base catalyst, alkyne and stibine. DFT calculations support a pathway proceeding via a concerted σ-bond metathesis transition state, where the base catalyst activates the Sb-C6F5 bond sequence through secondary bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Culvyhouse
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr. & Boston, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, United States
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr. & Boston, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr. & Boston, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, United States
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409-1021, United States
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr. & Boston, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, United States
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2
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Wenger JS, Johnstone TC. A Sterically Accessible Monomeric Stibine Oxide Activates Organotetrel(IV) Halides, Including C-F and Si-F Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19350-19359. [PMID: 38959432 PMCID: PMC11258792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphine oxides and arsine oxides are common laboratory reagents with diverse applications that stem from the chemistry exhibited by these monomeric species. Stibine oxides are, in contrast, generally dimeric or oligomeric species because of the reactivity-quenching self-association of the highly polarized stiboryl (Sb=O/Sb+-O-) group. We recently isolated Dipp3SbO (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), the first example of a kinetically stabilized monomeric stibine oxide, which exists as a bench-stable solid and bears an unperturbed stiboryl group. Herein, we report the isolation of Mes3SbO (Mes = mesityl), in which the less bulky substituents maintain the monomeric nature of the compound but unlock access to a wider range of reactivity at the unperturbed stiboryl group relative to Dipp3SbO. Mes3SbO was found to be a potent Lewis base in the formation of adducts with the main-group Lewis acids PbMe3Cl and SnMe3Cl. The accessible Lewis acidity at the Sb atom results in a change in the reactivity with GeMe3Cl, SiMe3Cl, and CPh3Cl. With these species, Mes3SbO formally adds the E-Cl (E = Ge, Si, C) bond across the unsaturated stiboryl group to form a 5-coordinate stiborane. The biphilicity of Mes3SbO is sufficiently potent to activate even the C-F and Si-F bonds of C(p-MeOPh)3F and SiEt3F, respectively. These results mark a significant contribution to an increasingly rich literature on the reactivity of polar, unsaturated main-group motifs. Furthermore, these results highlight the utility of a kinetic stabilization approach to access unusual bonding motifs with unquenched reactivity that can be leveraged for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California Santa
Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California Santa
Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
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3
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Franke M, Ens T, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Host-guest chemistry of tridentate Lewis acids based on tribenzotriquinacene. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11970-11980. [PMID: 38961795 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Flexible poly-Lewis acids (PLA) based on the tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) scaffold have been synthesised. Hydrosilylation of 4b,8b,12b-triallyltribenzotriquinacene and subsequent exchange of the chlorine substituents with weaker coordinating triflate groups afforded a novel triple silyl-functionalised PLA. By regioselective hydroboration of triallyl-TBTQ with various organoboranes, PLAs with different Lewis acidities were obtained. The synthesised PLAs were combined with neutral bases in host-guest experiments. DOSY NMR spectroscopy was performed to elucidate the complexation process in solution. These experiments revealed a highly dynamic interaction between the boron-functionalised PLA and triazine. However, the addition of one equivalent of tris(dimethylphosphino(methyl))phenylsilane led to the formation of a 1 : 1 adduct, which was confirmed by diffusion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Franke
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Tobin Ens
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Andreas Mix
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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4
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Franke M, Klingsiek MJ, Buth J, Mix A, Lamm JH, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis Acids Based on Tribenzotriquinacene Chalices. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401072. [PMID: 38742716 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chalice-shaped tridentate poly-Lewis acids (PLA) based on the tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) scaffold have been synthesised. Stannylation of the alkyne units, attached via phenyl-spacers to the benzhydrylic positions to the TBTQ scaffold, with Me2NSnMe3 afforded the trimethyltin substituted TBTQ derivative. Replacement of these tin functions with other elements resulted in rigid boron- and aluminium-functionalised PLAs. More flexible PLAs were obtained by hydrometallation reactions of the terminal alkyne groups of 4b,8b,12b-tris((ethynyl)phenyl)tribenzotriquinacene. The resulting poly-Lewis acids were tested for their acceptor abilities in host-guest experiments with suitable bases. Preliminary tests with pyridine led to the synthesis of a large tridentate base with three pyridyl groups attached to a TBTQ backbone. Complexation of this Lewis base with the PLAs resulted in the formation of aggregates, which were studied in solution in more detail by 1H DOSY NMR experiments regarding their size. Further experiments were performed with the tridentate bases 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane and tris((dimethylphosphino)methyl)phenylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Franke
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Maximilian J Klingsiek
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Julian Buth
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Andreas Mix
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
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5
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Wenger JS, Johnstone TC. Recent advances in the stabilization of monomeric stibinidene chalcogenides and stibine chalcogenides. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8524-8534. [PMID: 38717258 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00506f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of novel bonding situations at heavy p-block elements has greatly advanced recent efforts to access useful reactivity at earth-abundant main-group elements. Molecules with unsaturated bonds between heavier, electropositive elements and lighter, electronegative elements are often highly polarized and competent in small-molecule activations, but the reactivity of these molecules may be quenched by self-association of monomers to form oligomeric species where the polar, unsaturated groups are assembled in a head-to-tail fashion. In this Frontier, we discuss the synthetic strategies employed to isolate monomeric σ2,λ3-stibinidene chalcogenides (RSbCh) and monomeric σ4,λ5-stibine chalcogenides (R3SbCh). These classes of molecules each feature polarized antimony-chalcogenide bonds (Sb = Ch/Sb+-Ch-). We highlight how the synthesis and isolation of these molecules has led to the discovery of novel reactivity and has shed light on fundamental aspects of inorganic structure and bonding. Despite these advances, there are critical aspects of this chemistry that remain underdeveloped and we provide our perspective on yet-unrealized synthetic targets that may be achieved with the continued development of the strategies described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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6
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Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Selectivity in Adduct Formation of a Bidentate Boron Lewis Acid. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400081. [PMID: 38421238 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A bidentate boron Lewis acid based on 1,8-diethynylanthracene has been studied in detail with respect to its adduct formation with diamines and diphosphanes of different linker lengths between the donor functions. A clear correlation between the linker length of the bifunctional base and the formation of 1 : 1 adducts, 1 : 2 adducts or oligomers was found. The adducts were characterized in solution by NMR titration experiments and structurally by X-ray diffraction. In addition, adduct formation and competition experiments of the host system with ZR3 (Z=N, P; R=H, Me) demonstrated the generally higher stability of alkylphosphane adducts compared to alkylamine adducts with boron functions. The results provide a general insight into the adduct formation of bidentate Lewis acids with guests of different sizes as well as the differences in stability between borane-amine and borane-phosphane adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Lamm JH, Mitzel NW. Bidentate boron Lewis acids: synthesis by tin boron exchange reaction and host-guest complex formation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7958-7964. [PMID: 38647186 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Four bidentate boron Lewis acids based on the 1,8-diethynylanthracene backbone have been synthesized by a tin-boron exchange reaction with various chloroboranes, yielding the products in good to excellent yields. Complexation experiments of the host compounds with pyridine, pyrimidine and TMEDA demonstrated striking differences in terms of formation and solubility of the supramolecular adducts. The host-guest complexes were investigated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction experiments, illustrating the adaptation of the host system upon adduct formation with different neutral guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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8
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Murphy B, Gabbaï FP. Tunable Pnictogen Bonding at the Service of Hydroxide Transport across Phospholipid Bilayers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7146-7151. [PMID: 38466939 PMCID: PMC10958499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Our growing interest in the design of pnictogen-based strategies for anion transport has prompted an investigation into the properties of three simple triarylcatecholatostiboranes (1-3) of the general formula (o-C6Cl4O2)SbAr3 with Ar = Ph (1), o-tolyl (2), and o-xylyl (3) for the complexation and transport of hydroxide across phospholipid bilayers. A modified hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) assay carried out in artificial liposomes shows that 1 and 2 are potent hydroxide transporters while 3 is inactive. These results indicate that the steric hindrance imposed by the three o-xylyl groups prevents access by the hydroxide anion to the antimony center. Supporting this interpretation, 1 and 2 quickly react with TBAOH·30 H2O ([TBA]+ = [nBu4N]+) to form the corresponding hydroxoantimonate salts [nBu4N][1-OH] and [nBu4N][2-OH], whereas 3 resists hydroxide coordination and remains unperturbed. Moreover, the hydroxide transport activities of 1 and 2 are correlated to the +V oxidation state of the antimony atom as the parent trivalent stibines show no hydroxide transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan
L. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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9
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Beckmann JL, Krieft J, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Poly-pnictogen bonding: trapping halide ions by a tetradentate antimony(iii) Lewis acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13551-13559. [PMID: 38033898 PMCID: PMC10685332 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly halide affine, tetradentate pnictogen-bonding host-system based on the syn-photodimer of 1,8-diethynylanthracene was synthesized by a selective tin-antimony exchange reaction. The host carries four C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Sb(C2F5)2 units and has been investigated regarding its ability to act as a Lewis acidic host component for the cooperative trapping of halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-). The chelating effect makes this host-system superior to its bidentate derivative in competition experiments. It represents a charge-reversed crown-4 and has the ability to dissolve otherwise poorly soluble salts like tetra-methyl-ammonium chloride. Its NMR-spectroscopic properties make it a potential probe for halide ions in solution. Insights into the structural properties of the halide adducts by X-ray diffraction and computational methods (DFT, QTAIM, IQA) reveal a complex interplay of attractive pnictogen bonding interactions and Coulomb repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Jonas Krieft
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
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10
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Beckmann JL, Krieft J, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. A Bidentate Antimony Pnictogen Bonding Host System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310439. [PMID: 37773008 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A bidentate pnictogen bonding host-system based on 1,8-diethynylanthracene was synthesized by a selective tin-antimony exchange reaction and investigated regarding its ability to act as a Lewis acidic host component for the complexation of Lewis basic or anionic guests. In this work, the novel C≡C-Sb(C2 F5 )2 unit was established to study the potential of antimony(III) sites as representatives for the scarcely explored pnictogen bonding donors. The capability of this partly fluorinated host system was investigated towards halide anions (Cl- , Br- , I- ), dimethyl chalcogenides Me2 Y (Y=O, S, Se, Te), and nitrogen heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine). Insights into the adduct formation behavior as well as the bonding situation of such E⋅⋅⋅Sb-CF moieties were obtained in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy, in the solid state by X-ray diffraction, by elemental analyses, and by computational methods (DFT, QTAIM, IQA), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jonas Krieft
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Lan X, Zhang X, Mei Y, Hu C, Liu LL. Utilizing bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligands in p-block chemistry: synthesis and catalysis of an antimony monocation salt. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15660-15664. [PMID: 37859530 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of an Sb(III) monocation salt stabilized by a bulky bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligand. The Lewis acidity of the Sb cation is quantified using the Guttmann-Beckett method and confirmed by its reaction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, which forms a Lewis acid-base adduct. This Sb cation exhibits catalytic activity in the cyanosilylation of arylketones. The electronic structure of the Sb cation as well as the mechanism of the catalytic transformation are explored by density functional theory computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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12
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Murphy B, Gabbaï FP. Binding, Sensing, And Transporting Anions with Pnictogen Bonds: The Case of Organoantimony Lewis Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19458-19477. [PMID: 37647531 PMCID: PMC10863067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the discovery of main group Lewis acids that could compete or possibly outperform the ubiquitous organoboranes, several groups, including ours, have engaged in the chemistry of Lewis acidic organoantimony compounds as new platforms for anion capture, sensing, and transport. Principal to this approach are the intrinsically elevated Lewis acidic properties of antimony, which greatly favor the addition of halide anions to this group 15 element. The introduction of organic substituents to the antimony center and its oxidation from the + III to the + V state provide for tunable Lewis acidity and a breadth of applications in supramolecular chemistry and catalysis. The performances of these antimony-based Lewis acids in the domain of anion sensing in aqueous media illustrate the favorable attributes of antimony as a central element. At the same time, recent advances in anion binding catalysis and anion transport across phospholipid membranes speak to the numerous opportunities that lie ahead in the chemistry of these unique main group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan
L. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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13
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Maltz L, Gabbaï FP. Analyzing Fluoride Binding by Group 15 Lewis Acids: Pnictogen Bonding in the Pentavalent State. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13566-13572. [PMID: 37551938 PMCID: PMC10862541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a computational investigation into fluoride binding by a series of pentavalent pnictogen Lewis acids: pnictogen pentahalides (PnX5), tetraphenyl pnictogeniums (PnPh4+), and triphenyl pnictogen tetrachlorocatecholates (PnPh3Cat). Activation strain and energy decomposition analyses of the Lewis adducts not only clearly delineate the electrostatic and orbital contributions to these acid-base interactions but also highlight the importance of Pauli repulsion and molecular flexibility in determining relative Lewis acidity among the pnictogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan
T. Maltz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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14
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Qiu J, Bateman CN, Lu S, George GC, Li X, Gorden JD, Vasylevskyi S, Cozzolino AF. Solution Studies of a Water-Stable, Trivalent Antimony Pnictogen Bonding Anion Receptor with High Binding Affinities for CN -, OCN -, and OAc . Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37499143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The solution phase anion binding behavior of a water-stable bidentate pnictogen bond donor was studied. A modest change in the visible absorption spectrum allowed for the determination of the binding constants. High binding constants were observed with cyanide, cyanate, and acetate, and these were corroborated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The receptor could be recovered free from the anion following treatment with methyl triflate, confirming that it remains intact. The tight binding of cyanide and water stability were exploited to use this system as a supramolecular catalyst in a phase-transfer Strecker reaction, further demonstrating the utility of pnictogen bonding as a tool in noncovalent catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Curt N Bateman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gary C George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - John D Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Anthony F Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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15
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Zhou B, Gabbaï FP. Four-Electron Reduction of O 2 Using Distibines in the Presence of ortho-Quinones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13758-13767. [PMID: 37306561 PMCID: PMC10863049 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study, which aims to identify atypical platforms for the reduction of dioxygen, describes the reaction of O2 with two distibines, namely, 4,5-bis(diphenylstibino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene and 4,5-bis(diphenylstibino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethyldihydroacridine, in the presence of an ortho-quinone such as phenanthraquinone. The reaction proceeds by oxidation of the two antimony atoms to the + V state in concert with reductive cleavage of the O2 molecule. As confirmed by 18O labeling experiments, the two resulting oxo units combine with the ortho-quinone to form an α,α,β,β-tetraolate ligand that bridges the two antimony(V) centers. This process, which has been studied both experimentally and computationally, involves the formation of asymmetric, mixed-valent derivatives featuring a stibine as well as a catecholatostiborane formed by oxidative addition of the quinone to only one of the antimony centers. Under aerobic conditions, the catecholatostiborane moiety reacts with O2 to form a semiquinone/peroxoantimony intermediate, as supported by NMR spectroscopy in the case of the dimethyldihydroacridine derivative. These intermediates swiftly evolve into the symmetrical bis(antimony(V)) α,α,β,β-tetraolate complexes via low barrier processes. Finally, the controlled protonolysis and reduction of the bis(antimony(V)) α,α,β,β-tetraolate complex based on the 9,9-dimethylxanthene platform have been investigated and shown to regenerate the starting distibine and the ortho-quinone. More importantly, these last reactions also produce two equivalents of water as the product of O2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Zhou
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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16
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Zalmi GA, Jadhav SE, Mirgane HA, Madje BR, Bhosale SV. A Phenolic Schiff Based AIE‐Active Quinoxaline‐Based Receptor for Selective Sensing of Fluoride Ions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta A. Zalmi
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University 403206 Taleigao Plateau Goa India
| | - Sandeep E. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya 431003 Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | - Harshad A. Mirgane
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University 403206 Taleigao Plateau Goa India
| | - Balaji R. Madje
- Department of Chemistry Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya 431003 Aurangabad Maharashtra India
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17
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Aders N, Trapp PC, Lamm JH, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Hydroalumination of 1,8-Diethynylanthracenes–Al-based Bis-Lewis-Acids and their Isomerization and Complexation Behavior. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Aders
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Pia Charlotte Trapp
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - J. Louis Beckmann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
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18
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Binuclear Triphenylantimony(V) Catecholates through N-Donor Linkers: Structural Features and Redox Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196484. [PMID: 36235022 PMCID: PMC9573088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of binuclear triphenylantimony(V) bis-catecholato complexes 1–11 of the type (Cat)Ph3Sb-linker-SbPh3(Cat) was prepared by a reaction of the corresponding mononuclear catecholates (Cat)SbPh3 with a neutral bidentate donor linker ligands pyrazine (Pyr), 4,4′-dipyridyl (Bipy), bis-(pyridine-4-yl)-disulfide (PySSPy), and diazobicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) in a dry toluene: Cat = 3,6-di-tert-butyl-catecholate (3,6-DBCat), linker = Pyr (1); PySSPy (2); Bipy (3); DABCO (4); Cat = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-catecholate (3,5-DBCat), linker = Bipy (5); DABCO (9); Cat = 4,5-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)-3,6-di-tert-butylcatecholate (pip-3,6-DBCat), linker = Bipy (6); DABCO (10); Cat = 4,5-dichloro-3,6-di-tert-butylcatecholate (4,5-Cl2-3,6-DBCat), linker = Bipy (7); DABCO (11); and Cat = 4,5-dimethoxy-3,6-di-tert-butylcatecholate (4,5-(MeO)2-3,6-DBCat), linker = Bipy (8). The same reaction of (4,5-Cl2-3,6-DBCat)SbPh3 with DABCO in an open atmosphere results in a formation of 1D coordination polymer {[(4,5-Cl2-3,6-DBCat)SbPh3·H2O]·DABCO}n (12). Bis-catecholate complex Ph3Sb(Cat-Spiro-Cat)SbPh3 reacts with Bipy as 1:1 yielding a rare macrocyclic tetranuclear compound {Ph3Sb(Cat-Spiro-Cat)SbPh3∙(Bipy)}2 (13). The molecular structures of 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 13 in crystal state were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complexes demonstrate different types of relative spatial positions of mononuclear moieties. The nature of chemical bonds, charges distribution, and the energy of Sb...N interaction were investigated in the example of complex 5. The electrochemical behavior of the complexes depends on the coordinated N-donor ligand. The coordination of pyrazine, Bipy, and PySSPy at the antimony atom changes their mechanism of electrooxidation: instead of two successive redox stages Cat/SQ and SQ/Cat, one multielectron stage was observed. The coordination of the DABCO ligand is accompanied by a significant shift in the oxidation potentials of the catecholate ligand to the cathodic region (by 0.4 V), compared to the initial complex.
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19
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Sharma D, Benny A, Gupta R, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Crystallographic evidence for a continuum and reversal of roles in primary-secondary interactions in antimony Lewis acids: applications in carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11009-11012. [PMID: 36097954 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary interactions form the basis of substrate activation in Lewis-acid mediated catalysis, with most substrate activations occurring at the secondary binding site. We explore two series of antimony cations, [(NMe2CH2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (A) and [(NMe2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (B), by coordinating ligands with varying nucleophilicity at the position trans to the N-donor. The decreased nucleophilicity of the incoming ligands leads to reversal from a primary bond to a secondary interaction in A, whereas a constrained N-coordination in B diminishes the border between primary and secondary bonding. Investigations on carbonyl olefin metathesis reactions and carbonyl reduction demonstrate increased reactivity of a Lewis acid when the substrate activation occurs at the primary binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Annabel Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
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20
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Aders N, Lamm JH, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Synthesis of bi- and tetradentate poly-Lewis acids by hydroalumination of poly-alkynyl-anthracene derivatives. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12943-12953. [PMID: 35950507 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-dimers of 1,5-diethynylanthracene and 1,5-bis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]anthracene, obtained by UV radiation of the monomers, were treated with the bulky aluminium hydride [(SiMe3)2HC]2AlH in hydroalumination reactions. Hydroalumination of the tetraethynyl-substituted anthracene photo-dimers (syn and anti) led to fourfold aluminium-functionalized Janus-like products with two aluminium functions on each side oriented towards the same direction. The reactions of the monomeric anthracene derivatives with [(SiMe3)2HC]2AlH afforded semi-flexible bidentate Lewis acids, which are interesting building blocks for molecular chains bearing multiple Lewis-acidic functions. The aluminium-functionalized anti-photo-dimer was treated with various donor molecules to gain insight into its host-guest chemistry. All poly-Lewis acids and their adducts were characterized by X-ray diffraction experiments, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and by elemental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Aders
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - J Louis Beckmann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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21
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Gabbai FP, Karimi M. Hydrogen Bond‐Assisted Fluoride Binding by a Stiborane. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammadjavad Karimi
- Texas A&M University Chemistry Corner of Ross and Spence 77843 COLLEGE STATION UNITED STATES
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22
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Sharutin VV, Sharutina OK, Efremov AN. Synthesis and Structure of Tris(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)antimony Diarylcarboxylates and Diarenesulfonate. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Nag E, Kulkarni A, Gorantla SMNVT, Graw N, Francis M, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW, Mondal KC, Roy S. Fluorescent organo-antimony compounds as precursors for syntheses of redox-active trimeric and dimeric alkali metal antimonides: an insight into electron transfer reduction processes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1791-1805. [PMID: 35023531 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Tip)2SbCl (1, Tip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) has been utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of the distibane (Tip)4Sb2 (4) via one-electron reduction using KC8. The two-electron reduction of 1 and 4 afforded the novel trinuclear antimonide cluster [K3((Tip)2Sb)3(THF)5] (6). Changing the reducing agent from KC8 to a different alkali metal resulted in the solid-state isolation of corresponding stable dimeric alkali metal antimonides with the general formula [M2((Tip)2Sb)2(THF)p-x(tol)x] (M = Li (14), Na (15), Cs (16)). In this report, different aspects of the various reducing agents [K metal, KC8, and [K2(Naph)2(THF)]] used have been studied, correlating the experimental observations with previous reports. Additional reactivity studies involving 1 and AgNTf2 (Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl) afforded the corresponding antimony cation (Tip)2Sb+NTf2- (19). The Lewis acidic character of 19 has been unambiguously proved via treatment with Lewis bases to produce the corresponding adducts 20 and 21. Interestingly, the precursors 1 and 4 have been observed to be highly luminescent, emitting green light under short-wavelength UV radiation. All the reported compounds have been characterized via NMR, UV-vis, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies of 1 in THF showed possible two electron reduction, suggesting the in situ generation of the corresponding radical-anion intermediate 1˙- and its subsequent conversion to the monomeric intermediate (Tip)2Sb- (5) upon further reduction. 5 undergoes oligomerization in the solid state to produce 6. The existence of 1˙- was proved using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution. CV studies of 6 suggested its potential application as a reducing agent, which was further proved via the conversion of Tip-PCl2 to trimeric (Tip)3P3 (17), and cAACP-Cl (cAAC = cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene) to (cAAC)2P2 (18) and 4, utilizing 6 as a stoichiometric reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | | | - Nico Graw
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Francis
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
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24
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Rudlof J, Glodde T, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Synthesis of Bifunctional Boron‐Lewis Acids – Thorough Investigation of the Adduct Formation with Pyrimidine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rudlof
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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25
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Kumar GR, Yang M, Zhou B, Gabbaï FP. Synthesis of an antimony rhodamine analog. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Gonzalez VM, Park G, Yang M, Gabbaï FP. Fluoride anion complexation and transport using a stibonium cation stabilized by an intramolecular PO → Sb pnictogen bond. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17897-17900. [PMID: 34816847 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of [o-Ph2P(O)(C6H4)SbPh3]+ ([2]+), an intramolecularly base-stabilized stibonium Lewis acid which was obtained by reaction of [o-Ph2P(C6H4)SbPh3]+ with NOBF4. This cation reacts with fluoride anions to afford the corresponding fluorostiborane o-Ph2P(O)(C6H4)SbFPh3, the structure of which indicates a strengthening of the PO → Sb interaction. When deployed in fluoride-containing POPC unilamellar vesicles, [2]+ behaves as a potent fluoride anion transporter whose activity greatly exceeds that of [Ph4Sb]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Gyeongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Mengxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.
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27
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Poddel'sky AI, Smolyaninov IV, Druzhkov NO, Fukin GK. Heterometallic antimony(V)-zinc and antimony(V)-copper complexes comprising catecholate and diazadiene as redox active centers. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Orenha RP, Peixoto LB, Caramori GF, Piotrowski MJ, de Araújo Batista KE, Contreras-Garcia J, Cardenas C, Morgon NH, Mendizabal F, Parreira RLT. Designing boron and metal complexes for fluoride recognition: a computational perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22768-22778. [PMID: 34608898 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride anions (F-) may have beneficial or harmful effects on the environment depending on their concentration. Here, we shed light on F- recognition by compounds containing boron, tellurium and antimony, which were experimentally demonstrated to be capable of interacting with the F- ion in a partially aqueous medium. Boron and metal complexes recognize F- anions primarily using electrostatic energy along with important contributions from orbital interaction energy. The natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) methodology indicates that the main orbital interactions behind fluoride recognition are σ bonds between the receptors and the F- anions. The charged receptors, which provide (i) two B atoms, (ii) one B atom and one Sb atom, or (iii) one B atom and one Te atom to directly interact with the F- ions, appear to be some of the best structures for the recognition of F- anions. This is supported by the combination of favorable electrostatic and σ bond interactions. Overall, the presence of electron donor groups, such as -CH3 and -OH, in the receptor structure destabilizes the fluoride recognition because it decreases the attractive electrostatic energy and increases the Pauli repulsion energy in the receptor⋯F- bonds. Notably, electron acceptor groups, for example, -CN and -NO2, in the receptor structure favor the interaction with the F- ions, due to the improvement of the electrostatic and σ bond interactions. This study opens the way to find the main features of a receptor for F- recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Pereira Orenha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, 14404-600, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Bermudes Peixoto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, 14404-600, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni Finoto Caramori
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Cardenas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, 7800024, Santiago, Chile.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Nelson Henrique Morgon
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendizabal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 654, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Renato Luis Tame Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, 14404-600, Brazil.
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29
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Roth D, Stirn J, Stephan DW, Greb L. Lewis Superacidic Catecholato Phosphonium Ions: Phosphorus-Ligand Cooperative C-H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15845-15851. [PMID: 34521202 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of catecholato phosphonium ions, including the first stable bis(catecholato)-substituted derivatives, are isolated and fully characterized. The cations rank among the most potent literature-known Lewis acids on the Gutmann-Beckett and ion affinity scales. In contrast to halogenated or multiply charged phosphorus cations, Lewis superacidity is imparted by structural constraints, as disclosed by energy decomposition analysis. The modular access provides a tunable scaffold while maintaining extreme affinity, demonstrated by the synthesis of a chiral Lewis superacid. The combination of electrophilic phosphorus and basic oxygen substituents leverages new reactivity modes by phosphorus-ligand cooperativity. With this, a phosphorus-mediated C-H bond activation is accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roth
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Judith Stirn
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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30
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Schäfer F, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Hexadentate Poly‐Lewis Acids Based on 1,3,5‐Trisilacyclohexane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schäfer
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany
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31
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Zhou B, Gabbaï FP. Anion Chelation via Double Chalcogen Bonding: The Case of a Bis-telluronium Dication and Its Application in Electrophilic Catalysis via Metal-Chloride Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8625-8630. [PMID: 34085823 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Telluronium cations have long been known to engage their counteranions via secondary interactions. Yet, this property has rarely been exploited for anion binding. Motivated by such an application, we have now synthesized a bis-telluronium dication ([3]2+) that was obtained as a tetrafluoroborate salt by reaction of 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene-4,5-diboronic acid with phenoxatellurine difluoride and BF3·OEt2. As confirmed by the formation of Te-(μ-BF4)-Te bridges in the structure of [3][BF4]2, [3]2+ functions as a bidentate Lewis acid toward anions. [3][BF4]2 has also been converted into the more exposed [3][BArF24]2 ([BArF24]- = [B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4]-). The latter, which readily ionizes Ph3CCl, displays a chloride anion binding constant that exceeds that of a monofunctional model compound by almost 4 orders of magnitude. The unique properties of this new bis-telluronium dication are further highlighted by its ability to activate Ph3PAuCl and cis-(Ph3P)2PtCl2, leading to catalytic systems highly active in the cycloisomerization of propargylamide or enyne substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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32
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You D, Zhou B, Hirai M, Gabbaï FP. Distiboranes based on ortho-phenylene backbones as bidentate Lewis acids for fluoride anion chelation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4949-4957. [PMID: 33988214 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00536g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of our efforts in the chemistry of main group platforms that support anion sensing and transport, we are now reporting the synthesis of anitmony-based bidentate Lewis acids featuring the o-C6F4 backbone. These compounds can be easily accessed by reaction of the newly synthesized o-C6F4(SbPh2)2 (5) with o-chloranil or octafluorophenanthra-9,10-quinone, affording the corresponding distiboranes 6 and 7 of general formula o-C6F4(SbPh2(diolate))2 with diolate = tetrachlorocatecholate for 6 and octafluorophenanthrene-9,10-diolate for 7, respectively. While 6 is very poorly soluble, its octafluorophenanthrene-9,10-diolate analog 7 readily dissolves in CH2Cl2 and undergoes swift conversion into the corresponding fluoride chelate complex [7-μ2-F]- which has been isolated as a [nBu4N]+ salt. The o-C6H4 analog of 7, referred to as 8, has also been prepared. Although less Lewis acidic than 7, 8 also forms a very stable fluoride chelate complex ([8-μ2-F]-). Altogether, our experiental results, coupled with computational analyses and fluoride anion affinity calculations, show that 7 and 8 are some of the strongest antimony-based fluoride anion chelators prepared to date. Another notable aspect of this work concerns the use of the octafluorophenanthrene-9,10-diolate ligand and its ablity to impart advantageous solubility and Lewis acidity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di You
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Benyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Masato Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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33
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Magre M, Kuziola J, Nöthling N, Cornella J. Dibismuthanes in catalysis: from synthesis and characterization to redox behavior towards oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4922-4929. [PMID: 33955447 PMCID: PMC8188851 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A family of aryl dinuclear bismuthane complexes has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The two bismuth centers are bonded to various xanthene-type backbones, which differ in ring-size and flexibility, resulting in complexes with different intramolecular BiBi distances. Moreover, their pentavalent Bi(v) analogues have also been prepared and structurally characterized. Finally, the synergy between bismuth centers in catalysis has been studied by applying dinuclear bismuthanes 5-8 to the catalytic oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols. Unfortunately, no synergistic effects were observed and the catalytic activities of dinuclear bismuthanes and triphenylbismuth are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Magre
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Kuziola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
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34
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Niermeier P, Maibom KAM, Lamm JH, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Hydrogen-bond-induced selectivity of a head-to-head photo-dimerisation of dialkynylanthracene - access to tetradentate Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7943-7952. [PMID: 34257857 PMCID: PMC8230024 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 2-hydroxypropyl-protecting groups, 1,8-dialkynylanthracene photo-dimers were prepared in head-to-head-configuration by UV irradiation on a multi-gram scale. In non-polar solvents, the combination of non-covalent hydrogen bonds and π-π-interactions induces the formation of the syn-isomer in up to 85% yield. Instead, more polar solvents or irradiation of unprotected 1,8-diethynylanthracene led to formation of the corresponding anti-isomer in large excess. Cleavage of the protecting groups under basic conditions affords a rigid hydrocarbon skeleton with four directional functions. This was used as a building block for a tetradentate boron Lewis acid. Its applicability as a host for Lewis-base substrates was demonstrated by the formation of adducts with various nitrogen bases. Adduct formation with hydrazine leads to impressive networks between the tetraboron host and the substrate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niermeier
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2) Universitätsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/chemie/ag/ac3-mitzel/
| | - Kristina A M Maibom
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2) Universitätsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/chemie/ag/ac3-mitzel/
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2) Universitätsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/chemie/ag/ac3-mitzel/
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2) Universitätsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/chemie/ag/ac3-mitzel/
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2) Universitätsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/chemie/ag/ac3-mitzel/
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2) Universitätsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/chemie/ag/ac3-mitzel/
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35
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Sharutin VV, Sharutina OK. Tris(3-fluorophenyl)antimony Dihalides: Synthesis and
Structure. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Smolyaninov IV, Fukin GK, Berberova NT, Poddel’sky AI. Triphenylantimony(V) Catecholates of the Type (3-RS-4,6-DBCat)SbPh 3-Catechol Thioether Derivatives: Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Antiradical Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:2171. [PMID: 33918799 PMCID: PMC8069174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of triphenylantimony(V) 3-alkylthio/arylthio-substituted 4,6-di-tert-butylcatecholates of the type (3-RS-4,6-DBCat)SbPh3, where R = n-butyl (1), n-hexyl (2), n-octyl (3), cyclopentyl (4), cyclohexyl (5), benzyl (6), phenyl (7), and naphthyl-2 (8), were synthesized from the corresponding catechol thioethers and Ph3SbBr2 in the presence of a base. The crystal structures of 1, 2, 3, and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The coordination polyhedron of 1-3 is better described as a tetragonal pyramid with a different degree of distortion, while that for 5- was a distorted trigonal bipyramid (τ = 0.014, 0.177, 0.26, 0.56, respectively). Complexes demonstrated different crystal packing of molecules. The electrochemical oxidation of the complexes involved the catecholate group as well as the thioether linker. The introduction of a thioether fragment into the aromatic ring of catechol ligand led to a shift in the potential of the "catechol/o-semiquinone" redox transition to the anodic region, which indicated the electron-withdrawing nature of the RS group. The radical scavenging activity of the complexes was determined in the reaction with DPPH radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (I.V.S.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda T. Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (I.V.S.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Andrey I. Poddel’sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
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37
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Sakabe M, Ooizumi A, Fujita W, Aoyagi S, Sato S. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Pseudo‐Hexacoordinated Pnictines Bearing 2‐Phenylpyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sakabe
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1‐1 Minami‐osawa, Hachioji 192‐0397 Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihisa Ooizumi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1‐1 Minami‐osawa, Hachioji 192‐0397 Tokyo Japan
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Faculty of Science and Technology Seikei University 3‐3‐1 Kichijoji‐kitamachi, Musashino 180‐8633 Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science Nagoya City University 467‐8501 Nagoya Japan
| | - Soichi Sato
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1‐1 Minami‐osawa, Hachioji 192‐0397 Tokyo Japan
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38
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Bukhvalova SY, Zhiganshina ER, Astaf’eva TV, Arsenyev MV, Baranov EV, Chesnokov SA, Poddel’sky AI. New Sterically Hindered Bis-o-Benzoquinones with Electron-Donor Bridging Groups and Related Binuclear Triphenylantimony(V) Catecholate Complexes. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420120027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Li L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Duan Y, Qian Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Ding J. Polymeric Membrane Fluoride-Selective Electrodes Using Lewis Acidic Organo-Antimony(V) Compounds as Ionophores. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3465-3473. [PMID: 33112603 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four Lewis acidic organo-antimony(V) compounds with strong binding affinity to fluoride were used for the first time as ionophores to fabricate polymeric membrane fluoride-selective electrodes. Improved detection limits and significant anti-Hofmeister selectivity could be achieved by optimizing ionophores, lipophilic additives, and plasticizers. Membrane electrodes fabricated with tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)stibonium (ionophore 2) performed best in detection limit, sensitivity, and selectivity. Optimal performance was obtained by fluoride with a slope of -59.5 mV/decade in the linear range of 1 × 10-5 to 4 × 10-2 M and a detection limit of 5 × 10-6 M. Studies on the influence of sample solution pH demonstrate that the best pH for fluoride determination is pH 3.0. All of the electrodes studied respond rapidly (in 1 min) in different concentrations of fluoride solutions. The anion-ionophore complex constants in the membrane phase determined using the segmented sandwich membrane method correlate well with the solution-phase binding data and determined selectivity sequence of the ion-selective electrodes. The possibility of real life application of the optimized electrodes was assessed by determination of fluoride concentrations in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
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40
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Sharutin VV, Sharutina OK. Tris(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)antimony: Synthesis and Oxidative Addition Reactions. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Sharutin VV, Poddel’sky AI, Sharutina OK. Aryl Compounds of Pentavalent Antimony: Syntheses, Reactions, and Structures. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Park G, Gabbaï FP. Redox-controlled chalcogen and pnictogen bonding: the case of a sulfonium/stibonium dication as a preanionophore for chloride anion transport. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10107-10112. [PMID: 34094272 PMCID: PMC8162396 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our interest in the chemistry of tunable chalcogen and pnictogen bond donors as Lewis acidic platforms for the complexation and transport of anions has led us to investigate examples of such compounds that can be activated by redox events. Here, we describe the synthesis of [o-MePhS(C6H4)SbPh3]2+ ([3]2+) and [o-MePhS(C6H4)Sb(p-Tol)3]2+ ([4]2+), two dicationic stibonium/sulfonium bifunctional Lewis acids which were obtained by methylation of the phenylthioether derivatives [o-PhS(C6H4)SbPh3]+ ([1]+) and [o-PhS(C6H4)Sb(p-Tol)3]+ ([2]+), respectively. An evaluation of the chloride anion transport properties of these derivatives using chloride-loaded POPC unilamellar vesicles shows that the activity of the monocations [1]+ and [2]+ greatly exceeds that of the dications [3]2+ and [4]2+, a phenomenon that we assign to the higher lipophilicity of the monocationic compounds. Harnessing this large transport activity differential, we show that [4]2+ can be used as a prechloridophore that is readily activated by reduction of the sulfonium moiety. Indeed, [4]2+ reacts with GSH to afford [2]+ as an active transporter. This activation, which has been monitored in aqueous solution, can also be carried out in situ, in the presence of the chloride-loaded POPC unilamellar vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843-3255 USA
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843-3255 USA
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43
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Lo Y, Gabbai FP. Cyclometalated Iridium Bipyridine Complexes with Peripheral Antimony Substituents. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Hao Lo
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 77843 College Station TX USA
| | - François P. Gabbai
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 77843 College Station TX USA
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44
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Ong WSY, Smaldone RA, Dodani SC. A neutral porous organic polymer host for the recognition of anionic dyes in water. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7716-7721. [PMID: 34094147 PMCID: PMC8159435 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02941f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral hosts for the recognition of anionic guests in water remain underdeveloped due to the inherent thermodynamic barrier for desolvation. To address this challenge, we have repurposed crosslinked porous organic polymers (POPs) as hosts. This polymer architecture affords a hydrophobic environment with a densely packed array of urea hydrogen bond donors to cooperatively promote anion desolvation and recognition in water. Using the principles of supramolecular design, we demonstrate through adsorption assays that the resulting Urea-POP-1 can recognize structurally different dyes containing phosphonate, sulfonate, and carboxylate anions in water. Moreover, when compared to Methyl-POP-1, a control POP lacking hydrogen bond donors, we find that the driving force for desolvation and adsorption of each dye is achieved through hydrophobic interactions with the POP backbone and, more importantly, cooperative hydrogen bonding interactions with the urea sidechains. This starting point sets the stage to exploit the modularity of our design to build a family of neutral polymer hosts with tunable pore sizes and anion preferences for fundamental investigations and targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S Y Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ronald A Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Sheel C Dodani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
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45
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Smolyaninov IV, Poddel’sky AI, Smolyaninova SA, Arsenyev MV, Fukin GK, Berberova NT. Polyfunctional Sterically Hindered Catechols with Additional Phenolic Group and Their Triphenylantimony(V) Catecholates: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081770. [PMID: 32290617 PMCID: PMC7221534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
New polyfunctional sterically hindered 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechols with an additional phenolic group in the sixth position connected by a bridging sulfur atom—(6-(CH2-S-tBu2Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)H2 (L1), (6-(S-tBu2Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)H2 (L2), and (6-(S-Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)H2 (L3) (3,5-DBCat is dianion 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecolate)—were synthesized and characterized in detail. The exchange reaction between catechols L1 and L3 with triphenylantimony(V) dibromide in the presence of triethylamine leads to the corresponding triphenylantimony(V) catecholates (6-(CH2-S-tBu2Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)SbPh3 (1) and (6-(S-Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)SbPh3 (2). The electrochemical properties of catechols L1–L3 and catecholates 1 and 2 were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical oxidation of L1–L3 at the first stage proceeds with the formation of the corresponding o-benzoquinones. The second process is the oxidation of the phenolic moiety. Complexes 1 and 2 significantly expand their redox capabilities, owing to the fact that they can act as the electron donors due to the catecholate metallocycle capable of sequential oxidations, and as donors of the hydrogen atoms, thus forming a stable phenoxyl radical. The molecular structures of the free ligand L1 and complex 1 in the crystal state were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smolyaninov
- Toxicology Research Group, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of The Sciences”, Tatischeva str. 16, 414056 Astrakhan, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; (S.A.S.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Andrey I. Poddel’sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-831-462-7497
| | - Susanna A. Smolyaninova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; (S.A.S.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Maxim V. Arsenyev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Nadezhda T. Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; (S.A.S.); (N.T.B.)
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Delecluse M, Colomban C, Chatelet B, Chevallier-Michaud S, Moraleda D, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Highly Selective Fluoride Recognition by a Small Tris-Urea Covalent Cage. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4706-4711. [PMID: 32153196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective recognition of fluoride was achieved through the design of a small hemicryptophane cage (3) presenting a southern tris-urea hosting moiety. The resulting host-guest complex has been characterized by electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1H and 19F NMR, and X-ray diffraction techniques. In particular, X-ray diffraction analysis of [3·F-] reveals that the encapsulation of one fluoride, within 3, occurs through NH···F- H-bonding with the six NH residues of the tris-urea ligand. An association constant of 1200 M-1 was extracted from 1H NMR titration experiments, indicating that efficient fluoride binding also occurs in solution. Finally, in sharp contrast with previously reported urea-based hemicryptophane hosts, the small preorganized cavity found in 3 allows for an exclusive selectivity for fluoride over other competing halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Delecluse
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Colomban
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Delphine Moraleda
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397 Marseille, France
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Park G, Gabbaï FP. Phosphonium Boranes for the Selective Transport of Fluoride Anions across Artificial Phospholipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5298-5302. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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48
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Park G, Gabbaï FP. Phosphonium Boranes for the Selective Transport of Fluoride Anions across Artificial Phospholipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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49
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Mehta M, Goicoechea JM. Nitrenium Salts in Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2715-2719. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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50
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Dhiman S, Ahmad M, Singla N, Kumar G, Singh P, Luxami V, Kaur N, Kumar S. Chemodosimeters for optical detection of fluoride anion. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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