1
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Zhao XJ, Ju YY, Su YM, Tang C, Zeng Q, Feng L, Wang C, Müllen K, Tan YZ. Hexa-Branched Nanographenes with Large Two-Photon Absorption. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19333-19337. [PMID: 37638550 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The conventional approach toward molecules with large two-photon absorption (TPA) involves donor-acceptor conjugation. Herein we show a new strategy involving the use of hexa-branched nanographenes. We synthesized two hexa-branched nanographenes, one with six benzoaceanthrylene arms fused to the coronene core and the other with six pyrenyl arms fused to the coronene core. Neither of these hexa-branched nanographenes has a donor-acceptor structure, yet they exhibited high TPA values of 3.6 × 103 and 1.9 × 104 GM, respectively, which are the highest values recorded for heteroatom-free hydrocarbon molecules. Theoretical analysis suggests that the fused branched structures are responsible for the large TPA cross-section. These findings illustrate the importance of the topology of the fused conjugated skeleton in TPA and provide an alternative structural design toward large TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang-Yang Ju
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035,China
| | - Yu-Ming Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - LiuBin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Li L, Prindle CR, Shi W, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18182-18204. [PMID: 37555594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radicals are unique molecular systems for applications in electronic devices due to their open-shell electronic structures. Radicals can function as good electrical conductors and switches in molecular circuits while also holding great promise in the field of molecular spintronics. However, it is both challenging to create stable, persistent radicals and to understand their properties in molecular junctions. The goal of this Perspective is to address this dual challenge by providing design principles for the synthesis of stable radicals relevant to molecular junctions, as well as offering current insight into the electronic properties of radicals in single-molecule devices. By exploring both the chemical and physical properties of established radical systems, we will facilitate increased exploration and development of radical-based molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wanzhuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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3
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Sun Z, Fan W, Han Y, Yuan W, Ni Y, Wang J, Wei H, Zhao Y, Sun Z, Wu J. Helical fused 1,2:8,9-dibenzozethrene oligomers with up to 201° end-to-end twist: "one-pot" synthesis and chiral resolution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7922-7927. [PMID: 37502331 PMCID: PMC10370577 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02285d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Twisted polyarenes with persistent chirality are desirable but their synthesis has remained a challenge. In this study, we present a "one-pot" synthesis of 1,2:8,9-dibenzozethrene (DBZ) and its vertically fused dimers and trimers using nickel-catalyzed cyclo-oligomerization reactions. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed highly twisted helical structures that consist of equal parts left- and right-handed enantiomers. Notably, the end-to-end twist between the terminal anthracene units measured 66°, 130°, and 201° for the DBZ monomer, dimer, and trimer, respectively, setting a new record among twisted polyarenes. Furthermore, the chiral resolution by HPLC yielded two enantiomers for the fused DBZ dimer and trimer, both of which maintained stable configurations and showed absorption dissymmetry factors of around 0.008-0.009. Additionally, their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated, which exhibited a chain-length dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Sun
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350507 China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350507 China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
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4
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Closed-shell and open-shell dual nature of singlet diradical compounds. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Unlike triplet diradicals, singlet diradicals can vary in diradical character from 0 % to 100 % depending on linker units that allow two formally unpaired electrons to couple covalently. In principle, the electronic structure of singlet diradicals can be described as a quantum superposition of closed-shell and open-shell structures. This means that, depending on the external environment, singlet diradicals can behave as either closed-shell or open-shell species. This paper summarizes our progress in understanding the electronic structure of π-conjugated singlet diradical molecules in terms of closed-shell and open-shell dual nature. We first discuss the coexistence of intra- and intermolecular covalent bonding interactions in the π-dimer of a singlet diradical molecule. The intra- and intermolecular coupling of two formally unpaired electrons are related to closed-shell and open-shell nature of singlet diradical, respectively. Then we demonstrate the coexistence of the covalent bonding interactions in the one-dimensional stack of singlet diradical molecules having different diradical character. The relative strength of the interactions is varied with the magnitude of singlet diradical index y
0. Finally, we show the dual reactivity of a singlet diradical molecule, which undergoes rapid [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] cycloaddition reactions in the dark at room temperature. Closed-shell and open-shell nature endow the singlet diradical molecule with the reaction manner as diene and diradical species, respectively.
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5
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Design of an open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid with tunable stimuli-responsive electronic properties. Commun Chem 2022; 5:127. [PMID: 36697916 PMCID: PMC9814612 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic diradicaloids usually display an open-shell singlet ground state with significant singlet diradical character (y0) which endow them with intriguing physiochemical properties and wide applications. In this study, we present the design of an open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid which can reversibly respond to multiple stimuli and display the tunable diradical character and chemo-physical properties. 1a was successfully synthesized through a simple and high-yielding two-step synthetic strategy. Both experimental and calculated results indicated that 1a displayed an open-shell singlet ground state with small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T = -2.311 kcal mol-1) and a modest diradical character (y0 = 0.60). Interestingly, 1a was demonstrated to undergo reversible Lewis acid-base reaction to form acid-base adducts, which was proven to effectively tune the ground-state electronic structures of 1a as well as its diradical character and spin density distributions. Based on this, we succeeded in devising a photoresponsive system based on 1a and a commercially available photoacid merocyanine (MEH). We believe that our studies including the molecular design methodology and the stimuli-responsive organic diradicaloid system will open up a new way to develop organic diradicaloids with tunable properties and even intelligent-responsive diradicaloid-based materials.
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6
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Minkin VI, Starikov AG, Starikova AA. Acene-Linked Zethrenes and Bisphenalenyls: A DFT Search for Organic Tetraradicals. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6562-6570. [PMID: 34310142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are of special interest due to their promising nonlinear optical and magnetic properties. A series of acene-linked zethrenes and bisphenalenyls comprising from five to nine benzene rings in the linker group have been computationally studied by the DFT UB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) quantum-chemical modeling of their electronic structure, possible spin states, and exchange interactions. The zethrenes with octacene and nonacene linkers as well as bisphenalenyls comprising heptacene, octacene, and nonacene linker groups have been revealed to possess tetraradicaloid nature, which makes them promising building blocks for organic optoelectronic and spintronic devices. The results obtained open a way of constructing tetraradicaloid organic molecules characterized by the presence of two types of paramagnetic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G Starikov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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7
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Zong C, Zhu X, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xu J, Guo J, Xiang Q, Zeng Z, Hu W, Wu J, Li R, Sun Z. Isomeric Dibenzoheptazethrenes for Air‐Stable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zong
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
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8
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Zong C, Zhu X, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xu J, Guo J, Xiang Q, Zeng Z, Hu W, Wu J, Li R, Sun Z. Isomeric Dibenzoheptazethrenes for Air-Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16230-16236. [PMID: 33999484 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet diradicaloids hold great potential as semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, their relative low material and device stabilities impede the practical applications. Here, to achieve balanced stability and performance, two isomeric dibenzoheptazethrene derivatives with singlet diradical character were synthesized in a concise manner. Benefitting from the aromatic stabilization, both compounds display a small diradical character and large singlet-triplet gap, as corroborated by variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, single-crystal analysis, and theoretical calculations. OFET devices based on single crystals showed a high hole mobility of 0.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest for zethrene-based semiconductors. Both isomers exhibited remarkable material stability in air-saturated solutions as well as excellent bias-stress and storage stability in device under ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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9
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Lombardi F, Ma J, Alexandropoulos DI, Komber H, Liu J, Myers WK, Feng X, Bogani L. Synthetic tuning of the quantum properties of open-shell radicaloids. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Pascal S, David S, Andraud C, Maury O. Near-infrared dyes for two-photon absorption in the short-wavelength infrared: strategies towards optical power limiting. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6613-6658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing chromophores in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range (SWIR 1100–2500 nm) are summarized, highlighting the development of optical power limiting devices in this spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascal
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Sylvain David
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
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11
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Naskar S, Das M. The use of low-lying excited states of zethrene and its homologs in singlet fission within Pariser-Parr-Pople model Hamiltonian: A Density Matrix Renormalization Group study. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Ma J, Zhang K, Schellhammer KS, Fu Y, Komber H, Xu C, Popov AA, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ, Zhou S, Pisula W, Ortmann F, Berger R, Liu J, Feng X. Wave-shaped polycyclic hydrocarbons with controlled aromaticity. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4025-4031. [PMID: 31105925 PMCID: PMC6499110 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient synthetic strategy to control the aromaticity and optoelectronic properties of curved π-conjugated molecules.
Controlling the aromaticity and electronic properties of curved π-conjugated systems has been increasingly attractive for the development of novel functional materials for organic electronics. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient synthesis of two novel wave-shaped polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) 1 and 2 with 64 π-electrons. Among them, the wave-shaped π-conjugated carbon skeleton of 2 is unambiguously revealed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis. The wave-shaped geometry is induced by steric congestion in the cove and fjord regions. Remarkably, the aromaticity of these two structural isomers can be tailored by the annulated direction of cyclopenta[b]fluorene units. Isomer 1 (Eoptg = 1.13 eV) behaves as a closed-shell compound with weakly antiaromatic feature, whereas its structural isomer 2 displays a highly stable tetraradical character (y0 = 0.23; y1 = 0.22; t1/2 = 91 days) with a narrow optical energy gap of 0.96 eV. Moreover, the curved PH 2 exhibits remarkable ambipolar charge transport in solution-processed organic thin-film transistors. Our research provides a new insight into the design and synthesis of stable functional curved aromatics with multiradical characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Ke Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , Mainz 55128 , Germany
| | | | - Yubin Fu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.Hohe Straße 6 , Dresden 01069 , Germany
| | - Chi Xu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , Dresden 01328 , Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , Dresden 01069 , Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , Dresden 01328 , Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , Mainz 55128 , Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics , Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116 , Lodz 90-924 , Poland
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
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13
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Cai Z, Awais MA, Zhang N, Yu L. Exploration of Syntheses and Functions of Higher Ladder-type π-Conjugated Heteroacenes. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Hsieh YC, Wu CF, Chen YT, Fang CT, Wang CS, Li CH, Chen LY, Cheng MJ, Chueh CC, Chou PT, Wu YT. 5,14-Diaryldiindeno[2,1-f:1′,2′-j]picene: A New Stable [7]Helicene with a Partial Biradical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14357-14366. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Te Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Liang-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Yamane M, Kishi R, Tonami T, Okada K, Nagami T, Kitagawa Y, Nakano M. Open-Shell Characters, Aromaticities and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Carbon Nanobelts Composed of Five- and Six-Membered Rings. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS); 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
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16
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Das A, Pinheiro M, Machado FBC, Aquino AJA, Lischka H. Tuning the Biradicaloid Nature of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: The Effect of Graphitic Nitrogen Doping in Zethrenes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2492-2499. [PMID: 30070740 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zethrenes are interesting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which possess unique optoelectronic and magnetic properties because of their singlet open-shell biradicaloid character, making them promising candidates for application in organic electronics. Tuning their properties is a key task in order to develop efficient compounds for practical use by balancing the desired biradicaloid character against its chemical instability. In this work, high-level theoretical multireference methods appropriate for the correct description of polyradicaloid systems are used to develop rules for doping of zethrenes by means of nitrogen taking heptazethrene (HZ) as a benchmark example. The results of the quantum chemical calculations have been concentrated on a series of quantitative descriptors such as unpaired densities and singlet-triplet (S-T) splittings. They clearly indicate different regions in the HZ where N-doping can either lead to strong enhancement of the biradicaloid character or to strong quenching towards a closed shell state. A wide scale of varying open-shell character is accessible from the different doping positions. It is shown that the S-T splittings correlate well with the total number of unpaired electrons in the medium range of biradicaloid character. For pronounced biradical character the S-T splitting decays to about zero with a margin of ±0.15 eV. In the opposite closed-shell limit, much larger S-T splittings of up to 3 eV are computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Max Pinheiro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adélia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Casado J. Para-Quinodimethanes: A Unified Review of the Quinoidal-Versus-Aromatic Competition and its Implications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:73. [PMID: 28762218 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, some quinoidal p-quinodimethanes compounds that convert partially or completely to diradicals or biradicaloids are analyzed. The aromatic/quinoidal balance is revisited with the objective of providing a common interpretation for most of them. For that purpose, important structural and energetic parameters such as the bond length alternation pattern and the singlet-triplet gaps are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of double spin polarization and π-conjugation. p-Quinodimethanes based in oligothiophenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oligophenylenes, thienothiophenes, charged dications and cyclic conjugated molecules are discussed. There are excellent reviews in the field of singlet diradicals; however, a revision similar to that proposed here can help the reader to have another perspective on these promising new functional materials. The focus has been put on molecules which are well known by the author and another of relevance in the field. In this regard, the article finishes with a discussion of some important applications of these diradicals in organic electronics. New chemical systems based on the p-quinodimethane building blocks are waiting us around the corner, bringing us new and challenging structures and fascinating novel properties, which describe a very rich field of research in chemistry and in physics with an excellent present and a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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18
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Das A, Müller T, Plasser F, Krisiloff DB, Carter EA, Lischka H. Local Electron Correlation Treatment in Extended Multireference Calculations: Effect of Acceptor–Donor Substituents on the Biradical Character of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Heptazethrene. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2612-2622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Das
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute
for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David B. Krisiloff
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009, United States
| | - Emily A. Carter
- School
of
Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Abstract
This paper gives a brief summary of zethrene chemistry after the pioneering works by Clar, Mitchell, Sondheimer, and Staab et al. In the past a few years, various synthetic methods and stabilizing strategies have been developed, which have made the synthesis of stable, vertically and laterally extended zethrenes practically achievable. One of the most important discoveries for this type of molecule is their open-shell diradical character, which is the origin of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. The fundamental structure–diradical character–physical property relationships were investigated, and these studies form the basis for the tailored design of more general open-shell singlet diradicaloids with controllable diradical character and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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20
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Wentrup C, Regimbald‐Krnel MJ, Müller D, Comba P. A Thermally Populated, Perpendicularly Twisted Alkene Triplet Diradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14600-14605. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Michèle J. Regimbald‐Krnel
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Dennis Müller
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and IWR Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and IWR Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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21
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Wentrup C, Regimbald-Krnel MJ, Müller D, Comba P. A Thermally Populated, Perpendicularly Twisted Alkene Triplet Diradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Michèle J. Regimbald-Krnel
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Dennis Müller
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and IWR; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and IWR; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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22
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Huang R, Phan H, Herng TS, Hu P, Zeng W, Dong SQ, Das S, Shen Y, Ding J, Casanova D, Wu J. Higher Order π-Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Open-Shell Singlet Ground State: Nonazethrene versus Nonacene. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10323-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Material, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shao-qiang Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongjia Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Material, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science & Donostia International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Dgonostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore
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23
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Zeng W, Sun Z, Herng TS, Gonçalves TP, Gopalakrishna TY, Huang KW, Ding J, Wu J. Super-heptazethrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8615-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 117602 Singapore Singapore
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24
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Zeng W, Sun Z, Herng TS, Gonçalves TP, Gopalakrishna TY, Huang KW, Ding J, Wu J. Super-heptazethrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 117602 Singapore Singapore
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25
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Yadav P, Das S, Phan H, Herng TS, Ding J, Wu J. Kinetically Blocked Stable 5,6:12,13-Dibenzozethrene: A Laterally π-Extended Zethrene with Enhanced Diradical Character. Org Lett 2016; 18:2886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore 117602
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26
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Hsieh YC, Wu TC, Li JY, Chen YT, Kuo MY, Chou PT, Wu YT. Dinaphthozethrene and Diindenozethrene: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Properties. Org Lett 2016; 18:1868-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Cheng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yi Li
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Kuo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
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27
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Fu X, Zhao D. Cyclo-oligomerization of 6,12-Diethynyl Indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes via Diradical Intermediates. Org Lett 2015; 17:5694-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for
the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Lab of Polymer
Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for
the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Lab of Polymer
Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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