1
|
Thomas H, Achenbach T, Hodgkinson IM, Spoerer Y, Kuehnert I, Dornack C, Schellhammer KS, Reineke S. Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Natural, Organic Emitters and Their Application in Industrially Compostable Programmable Luminescent Tags. Adv Mater 2024:e2310674. [PMID: 38581239 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors provide the potential of biodegradable technologies, but prototypes do only rarely exist. Transparent, ultrathin programmable luminescent tags (PLTs) are presented for minimalistic yet efficient information storage that are fully made from biodegradable or at least industrially compostable, ready-to-use materials (bioPLTs). As natural emitters, the quinoline alkaloids show sufficient room temperature phosphorescence when being embedded in polymer matrices with cinchonine exhibiting superior performance. Polylactic acid provides a solution for both the matrix material and the flexible substrate. Room temperature phosphorescence can be locally controlled by the oxygen concentration in the film by using Exceval as additional oxygen blocking layers. These bioPLTs exhibit all function-defining characteristics also found in their regular nonenvironmentally degradable analogs and, additionally, provide a simplified, high-contrast readout under continuous-wave illumination as a consequence of the unique luminescence properties of the natural emitter cinchonine. Limitations for flexible devices arise from limited thermal stability of the polylactic acid foil used as substrate allowing only for one writing cycle and preventing an annealing step during fabrication. Few-cycle reprogramming is possible when using the architecture of the bioPLTs on regular quartz substrates. This work realizes the versatile platform of PLTs with less harmful materials offering more sustainable use in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Thomas
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Hermann-Krone-Bau, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Achenbach
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Hermann-Krone-Bau, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isla Marie Hodgkinson
- Chair of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Pratzschwitzer Str. 15, 01796, Pirna, Germany
| | - Yvonne Spoerer
- Department Processing Technology, Institute of Polymer Materials, Leibniz-Institut fuer Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Kuehnert
- Department Processing Technology, Institute of Polymer Materials, Leibniz-Institut fuer Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Dornack
- Chair of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Pratzschwitzer Str. 15, 01796, Pirna, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Hermann-Krone-Bau, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Hermann-Krone-Bau, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsidik R, Komber H, Brinkmann M, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Sommer M. Evolution of Length-Dependent Properties of Discrete n-Type Oligomers Prepared via Scalable Direct Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37022930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient organic electronic devices are fabricated from both small molecules and disperse polymers, but materials with characteristics in between remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a gram-scale synthesis for a series of discrete n-type oligomers comprising alternating naphthalene diimide (NDI) and bithiophene (T2). Using C-H activation, discrete oligomers of type T2-(NDI-T2)n (n ≤ 7) and persistence lengths up to ∼10 nm are made. The absence of protection/deprotection reactions and the mechanistic nature of Pd-catalyzed C-H activation allow one to produce symmetrically terminated species almost exclusively, which is key to the fast preparation, high yields, and the general success of the reaction pathway. The reaction scope includes different thiophene-based monomers, end-capping to yield NDI-(T2-NDI)n (n ≤ 8), and branching at T2 units by nonselective C-H activation under certain conditions. We show how the optical, electronic, thermal, and structural properties depend on oligomer length along with a comparison to the disperse, polymeric analogue PNDIT2. From theory and experiments, we find that the molecular energy levels are not affected by chain length resulting from the strong donor-acceptor system. Absorption maxima saturate for n = 4 in vacuum and for n = 8 in solution. Linear oligomers T2-(NDI-T2)n are highly crystalline with large melting enthalpies up to 33 J/g; NDI-terminated oligomers show reduced crystallinity, stronger supercooling, and more phase transitions. Branched oligomers and those with bulky thiophene comonomers are amorphous. Large oligomers exhibit similar packing characteristics compared to PNDIT2, making these oligomers ideal models to study length-structure-function relationships at constant energy levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukiya Matsidik
- Institut für Chemie, TU Chemnitz, Professur Polymerchemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
- Forschungszentrum MAIN, TU Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICS UPR 22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Strasse 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Department of Chemistry, TU München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie, TU Chemnitz, Professur Polymerchemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
- Forschungszentrum MAIN, TU Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Lucotti A, Schellhammer KS, Serra G, Dmitrieva E, Rosenkranz M, Komber H, Liu J, Ortmann F, Tommasini M, Feng X. Persistent peri-Heptacene: Synthesis and In Situ Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13853-13858. [PMID: 33848044 PMCID: PMC8251907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
n‐peri‐Acenes (n‐PAs) have gained interest as model systems of zigzag‐edged graphene nanoribbons for potential applications in nanoelectronics and spintronics. However, the synthesis of n‐PAs larger than peri‐tetracene remains challenging because of their intrinsic open‐shell character and high reactivity. Presented here is the synthesis of a hitherto unknown n‐PA, that is, peri‐heptacene (7‐PA), in which the reactive zigzag edges are kinetically protected with eight 4‐tBu‐C6H4 groups. The formation of 7‐PA is validated by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and in situ FT‐Raman spectroscopy. 7‐PA displays a narrow optical energy gap of 1.01 eV and exhibits persistent stability (t1/2≈25 min) under inert conditions. Moreover, electron‐spin resonance measurements and theoretical studies reveal that 7‐PA exhibits an open‐shell feature and a significant tetraradical character. This strategy could be considered a modular approach for the construction of next‐generation (3 N+1)‐PAs (where N≥3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut for Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Lucotti A, Schellhammer KS, Serra G, Dmitrieva E, Rosenkranz M, Komber H, Liu J, Ortmann F, Tommasini M, Feng X. Persistent
peri
‐Heptacene: Synthesis and In Situ Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut for Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road 999077 Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panhans M, Hutsch S, Benduhn J, Schellhammer KS, Nikolis VC, Vangerven T, Vandewal K, Ortmann F. Molecular vibrations reduce the maximum achievable photovoltage in organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32198376 PMCID: PMC7083957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-energy edge of optical absorption spectra is critical for the performance of solar cells, but is not well understood in the case of organic solar cells (OSCs). We study the microscopic origin of exciton bands in molecular blends and investigate their role in OSCs. We simulate the temperature dependence of the excitonic density of states and low-energy absorption features, including low-frequency molecular vibrations and multi-exciton hybridisation. For model donor-acceptor blends featuring charge-transfer excitons, our simulations agree very well with temperature-dependent experimental absorption spectra. We unveil that the quantum effect of zero-point vibrations, mediated by electron-phonon interaction, causes a substantial exciton bandwidth and reduces the open-circuit voltage, which is predicted from electronic and vibronic molecular parameters. This effect is surprisingly strong at room temperature and can substantially limit the OSC's efficiency. Strategies to reduce these vibration-induced voltage losses are discussed for a larger set of systems and different heterojunction geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Panhans
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hutsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Vasileios C Nikolis
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Vangerven
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwarze M, Schellhammer KS, Ortstein K, Benduhn J, Gaul C, Hinderhofer A, Perdigón Toro L, Scholz R, Kublitski J, Roland S, Lau M, Poelking C, Andrienko D, Cuniberti G, Schreiber F, Neher D, Vandewal K, Ortmann F, Leo K. Impact of molecular quadrupole moments on the energy levels at organic heterojunctions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2466. [PMID: 31165738 PMCID: PMC6549189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of organic semiconductor devices crucially depends on molecular energies, namely the ionisation energy and the electron affinity. Ionisation energy and electron affinity values of thin films are, however, sensitive to film morphology and composition, making their prediction challenging. In a combined experimental and simulation study on zinc-phthalocyanine and its fluorinated derivatives, we show that changes in ionisation energy as a function of molecular orientation in neat films or mixing ratio in blends are proportional to the molecular quadrupole component along the π-π-stacking direction. We apply these findings to organic solar cells and demonstrate how the electrostatic interactions can be tuned to optimise the energy of the charge-transfer state at the donor-acceptor interface and the dissociation barrier for free charge carrier generation. The confirmation of the correlation between interfacial energies and quadrupole moments for other materials indicates its relevance for small molecules and polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarze
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science, Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Ortstein
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Gaul
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lorena Perdigón Toro
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Kublitski
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Roland
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Lau
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carl Poelking
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schwarze M, Gaul C, Scholz R, Bussolotti F, Hofacker A, Schellhammer KS, Nell B, Naab BD, Bao Z, Spoltore D, Vandewal K, Widmer J, Kera S, Ueno N, Ortmann F, Leo K. Molecular parameters responsible for thermally activated transport in doped organic semiconductors. Nat Mater 2019; 18:242-248. [PMID: 30692647 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Doped organic semiconductors typically exhibit a thermal activation of their electrical conductivity, whose physical origin is still under scientific debate. In this study, we disclose relationships between molecular parameters and the thermal activation energy (EA) of the conductivity, revealing that charge transport is controlled by the properties of host-dopant integer charge transfer complexes (ICTCs) in efficiently doped organic semiconductors. At low doping concentrations, charge transport is limited by the Coulomb binding energy of ICTCs, which can be minimized by systematic modification of the charge distribution on the individual ions. The investigation of a wide variety of material systems reveals that static energetic disorder induced by ICTC dipole moments sets a general lower limit for EA at large doping concentrations. The impact of disorder can be reduced by adjusting the ICTC density and the intramolecular relaxation energy of host ions, allowing an increase of conductivity by many orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarze
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christopher Gaul
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Bussolotti
- Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Andreas Hofacker
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nell
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Naab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donato Spoltore
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Johannes Widmer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Heliatek GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ueno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma J, Zhang K, Schellhammer KS, Fu Y, Komber H, Xu C, Popov AA, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ, Zhou S, Pisula W, Ortmann F, Berger R, Liu J, Feng X. Wave-shaped polycyclic hydrocarbons with controlled aromaticity. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4025-4031. [PMID: 31105925 PMCID: PMC6499110 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient synthetic strategy to control the aromaticity and optoelectronic properties of curved π-conjugated molecules.
Controlling the aromaticity and electronic properties of curved π-conjugated systems has been increasingly attractive for the development of novel functional materials for organic electronics. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient synthesis of two novel wave-shaped polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) 1 and 2 with 64 π-electrons. Among them, the wave-shaped π-conjugated carbon skeleton of 2 is unambiguously revealed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis. The wave-shaped geometry is induced by steric congestion in the cove and fjord regions. Remarkably, the aromaticity of these two structural isomers can be tailored by the annulated direction of cyclopenta[b]fluorene units. Isomer 1 (Eoptg = 1.13 eV) behaves as a closed-shell compound with weakly antiaromatic feature, whereas its structural isomer 2 displays a highly stable tetraradical character (y0 = 0.23; y1 = 0.22; t1/2 = 91 days) with a narrow optical energy gap of 0.96 eV. Moreover, the curved PH 2 exhibits remarkable ambipolar charge transport in solution-processed organic thin-film transistors. Our research provides a new insight into the design and synthesis of stable functional curved aromatics with multiradical characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Ke Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , Mainz 55128 , Germany
| | | | - Yubin Fu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.Hohe Straße 6 , Dresden 01069 , Germany
| | - Chi Xu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , Dresden 01328 , Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , Dresden 01069 , Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , Dresden 01328 , Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , Mainz 55128 , Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics , Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116 , Lodz 90-924 , Poland
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany . ;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gaul C, Hutsch S, Schwarze M, Schellhammer KS, Bussolotti F, Kera S, Cuniberti G, Leo K, Ortmann F. Insight into doping efficiency of organic semiconductors from the analysis of the density of states in n-doped C 60 and ZnPc. Nat Mater 2018; 17:439-444. [PMID: 29483635 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Doping plays a crucial role in semiconductor physics, with n-doping being controlled by the ionization energy of the impurity relative to the conduction band edge. In organic semiconductors, efficient doping is dominated by various effects that are currently not well understood. Here, we simulate and experimentally measure, with direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy, the density of states and the Fermi level position of the prototypical materials C60 and zinc phthalocyanine n-doped with highly efficient benzimidazoline radicals (2-Cyc-DMBI). We study the role of doping-induced gap states, and, in particular, of the difference Δ1 between the electron affinity of the undoped material and the ionization potential of its doped counterpart. We show that this parameter is critical for the generation of free carriers and influences the conductivity of the doped films. Tuning of Δ1 may provide alternative strategies to optimize the electronic properties of organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gaul
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hutsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schwarze
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Bussolotti
- Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang C, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Sun S, Dong R, Karakus M, Mics Z, Löffler M, Zhang F, Zhuang X, Cánovas E, Cuniberti G, Bonn M, Feng X. Coordination Polymer Framework Based On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Melike Karakus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zoltán Mics
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN); Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang C, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Sun S, Dong R, Karakus M, Mics Z, Löffler M, Zhang F, Zhuang X, Cánovas E, Cuniberti G, Bonn M, Feng X. Coordination Polymer Framework Based On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3920-3924. [PMID: 28267257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On-chip micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are important Si-compatible power-source backups for miniaturized electronics. Despite their tremendous advantages, current on-chip MSCs require harsh processing conditions and typically perform like resistors when filtering ripples from alternating current (AC). Herein, we demonstrated a facile layer-by-layer method towards on-chip MSCs based on an azulene-bridged coordination polymer framework (PiCBA). Owing to the good carrier mobility (5×10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) of PiCBA, the permanent dipole moment of azulene skeleton, and ultralow band gap of PiCBA, the fabricated MSCs delivered high specific capacitances of up to 34.1 F cm-3 at 50 mV s-1 and a high volumetric power density of 1323 W cm-3 . Most importantly, such MCSs exhibited AC line-filtering performance (-73° at 120 Hz) with a short resistance-capacitance constant of circa 0.83 ms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melike Karakus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zoltán Mics
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma J, Liu J, Baumgarten M, Fu Y, Tan YZ, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Cuniberti G, Komber H, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. A Stable Saddle-Shaped Polycyclic Hydrocarbon with an Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma J, Liu J, Baumgarten M, Fu Y, Tan YZ, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Cuniberti G, Komber H, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. A Stable Saddle-Shaped Polycyclic Hydrocarbon with an Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3280-3284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vandewal K, Benduhn J, Schellhammer KS, Vangerven T, Rückert JE, Piersimoni F, Scholz R, Zeika O, Fan Y, Barlow S, Neher D, Marder SR, Manca J, Spoltore D, Cuniberti G, Ortmann F. Absorption Tails of Donor:C 60 Blends Provide Insight into Thermally Activated Charge-Transfer Processes and Polaron Relaxation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1699-1704. [PMID: 28068763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In disordered organic semiconductors, the transfer of a rather localized charge carrier from one site to another triggers a deformation of the molecular structure quantified by the intramolecular relaxation energy. A similar structural relaxation occurs upon population of intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) states formed at organic electron donor (D)-acceptor (A) interfaces. Weak CT absorption bands for D-A complexes occur at photon energies below the optical gaps of both the donors and the C60 acceptor as a result of optical transitions from the neutral ground state to the ionic CT state. In this work, we show that temperature-activated intramolecular vibrations of the ground state play a major role in determining the line shape of such CT absorption bands. This allows us to extract values for the relaxation energy related to the geometry change from neutral to ionic CT complexes. Experimental values for the relaxation energies of 20 D:C60 CT complexes correlate with values calculated within density functional theory. These results provide an experimental method for determining the polaron relaxation energy in solid-state organic D-A blends and show the importance of a reduced relaxation energy, which we introduce to characterize thermally activated CT processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tim Vangerven
- Material Physics Division, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University , Universitaire Campus, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Fortunato Piersimoni
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Yeli Fan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Seth R Marder
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jean Manca
- X-LaB, Hasselt University , Universitaire Campus, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Richter M, Schellhammer KS, Machata P, Cuniberti G, Popov A, Ortmann F, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. Polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons containing a benzoisoindole core. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
By the combination of 9a-azaphenalene and a perpendicularly oriented acene, we have synthesized three derivatives of a series of novel, fully-conjugated nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Richter
- Institute for Molecular Functional Materials
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)
- Dresden University of Technology
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science
- Dresden University of Technology
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Peter Machata
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science
- Dresden University of Technology
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Alexey Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science
- Dresden University of Technology
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Institute for Molecular Functional Materials
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)
- Dresden University of Technology
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Institute for Molecular Functional Materials
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)
- Dresden University of Technology
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Zhang F, Schellhammer KS, Machata P, Ortmann F, Cuniberti G, Fu Y, Hunger J, Tang R, Popov AA, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. Synthesis of NBN-Type Zigzag-Edged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 1,9-Diaza-9a-boraphenalene as a Structural Motif. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11606-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute
for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden
Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Machata
- Center
of Spectroelectrochemistry, Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting
Polymers, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute
for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden
Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute
for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden
Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Hunger
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center
of Spectroelectrochemistry, Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting
Polymers, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|