1
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Li S, Qiu ZY, Dang JS, Sakurai H. Confinement effects on the structure and reactivity of encapsulated buckybowls in cycloparaphenylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6451-6454. [PMID: 38832811 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We theoretically investigated the host-guest chemistry between belt-like cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and entrapped bowl-shaped sumanene and corannulene. Density functional theory calculations show that the buckybowls can be stabilized in a CPP host with an appropriately sized cavity (e.g., [10]CPP) through multi-site CH-π interactions. Arising from the confined intermolecular interactions within the cavity, the restrictive buckybowls display novel reactivity distinct from that in their free state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zi-Yang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Guo S, Liu L, Su F, Yang H, Liu G, Fan Y, He J, Lian Z, Li X, Guo W, Chen X, Jiang H. Monitoring Hierarchical Assembly of Ring-in-Ring and Russian Doll Complexes Based on Carbon Nanoring by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. JACS AU 2024; 4:402-410. [PMID: 38425918 PMCID: PMC10900207 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We presented the construction of the ring-in-ring and Russian doll complexes on the basis of triptycene-derived carbon nanoring (TP-[12]CPP), which not only acts as a host for pillar[5]arene (P5A) but also serves as an energy donor for building Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems. We also demonstrated that their hierarchical assembly processes could be efficiently monitored in real time using FRET. NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence, and mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation of the guests P5A/P5A-An by TP-[12]CPP, facilitated by C-H···π and ···π interactions, resulting in the formation of a distinct ring-in-ring complex with a binding constant of Ka = 2.23 × 104 M-1. The encapsulated P5A/P5A-An can further reverse its role to be a host for binding energy acceptors to form Russian doll complexes, as evidenced by the occurrence of FRET and mass spectroscopy analyses. The apparent binding constant of the Russian doll complexes was up to 3.6 × 104 M-1, thereby suggesting an enhanced synergistic effect. Importantly, the Russian doll complexes exhibited both intriguing one-step and sequential FRET dependent on the subcomponent P5A/P5A-An during hierarchical assembly, reminiscent of the structure and energy transfer of the light-harvesting system presented in purple bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhu Guo
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Feng Su
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Huiji Yang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Guo
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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3
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Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Inclusion Complexes of Carbon Nanohoops. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:37-46. [PMID: 38103043 PMCID: PMC10765372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPhotoinduced electron transfer (PET) in carbon materials is a process of great importance in light energy conversion. Carbon materials, such as fullerenes, graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes, and cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), have unusual electronic properties that make them interesting objects for PET research. These materials can be used as electron-hole transport layers, electrode materials, or passivation additives in photovoltaic devices. Moreover, their appropriate combination opens up new possibilities for constructing photoactive supramolecular systems with efficient charge transfer between the donor and acceptor parts. CPPs build a class of molecules consisting of para-linked phenylene rings. CPPs and their numerous derivatives are appealing building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, acting as suitable concave receptors with strong host-guest interactions for the convex surfaces of fullerenes. Efficient PET in donor-acceptor systems can be observed when charge separation occurs faster than charge recombination. This Account focuses on selected inclusion complexes of carbon nanohoops studied by our group. We modeled charge separation and charge recombination in both previously synthesized and computationally designed complexes to identify how various modifications of host and guest molecules affect the PET efficiency in these systems. A consistent computational protocol we used includes a time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) formalism with the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and CAM-B3LYP functional to carry out excited state calculations and the nonadiabatic electron transfer theory to estimate electron-transfer rates. We show how the photophysical properties of carbon nanohoops can be modified by incorporating additional π-conjugated fragments and antiaromatic units, multiple fluorine substitutions, and extending the overall π-electron system. Incorporating π-conjugated groups or linkers is accompanied by the appearance of new charge transfer states. Perfluorination of the nanohoops radically changes their role in charge separation from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Vacancy defects in π-extended nanohoops are shown to hinder PET between host and guest molecules, while large fully conjugated π-systems improve the electron-donor properties of nanohoops. We also highlight the role of antiaromatic structural units in tuning the electronic properties of nanohoops. Depending on the aromaticity degree of monomeric units in nanohoops, the direction of electron transfer in their complexes with C60 fullerene can be altered. Nanohoops with aromatic units usually act as electron donors, while those with antiaromatic monomers serve as electron acceptors. Finally, we discuss why charged fullerenes are better electron acceptors than neutral C60 and how the charge location allows for the design of more efficient donor-acceptor systems with an unusual hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer band in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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4
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Mei P, Morimoto H, Okada Y, Matsuo K, Hayashi H, Saeki A, Yamada H, Aratani N. Complexation study of a 1,3-phenylene-bridged cyclic hexa-naphthalene with fullerenes C 60 and C 70 in solution and 1D-alignment of fullerenes in the crystals. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33459-33462. [PMID: 38025867 PMCID: PMC10644901 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the host ability of a simple macrocycle, 1,3-phenylene-bridged naphthalene hexamer N6, we evaluated the complexation of N6 with fullerenes in toluene and in the crystals. The complexes in the solid-state demonstrate the one-dimensional alignment of fullerenes. The single-crystals of the C60@N6 composite have semiconductive properties revealed by photoconductivity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yuta Okada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
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5
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Zeng F, Tang LL, Ding MH, Dessie W. Giant Cavity Macrocycle: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Complexation with Pagoda[5]arene. Org Lett 2023; 25:6290-6294. [PMID: 37578269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel stretched hexagon structure naphthalene diimides-extended-pillar[6]arene 1 with a giant cavity size of 18.769 Å in width and 17.109 Å in height is reported. 1 exhibits highly selective binding of pagoda[5]arene compared to pillar[5]arene and prism[5]arene. Size matching and charge transfer interactions play a key role in the formation of the ring-in-ring stable complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
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6
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) exhibit selective host capabilities, featuring the ability to incorporate smaller CPPs to form double-walled host-guest complexes. Moreover, CPPs can also be stabilized by global aromaticity under twofold oxidation or reduction, involving electronic conjugation along with the overall structural backbone. Herein we explore the structural modifications, bonding, electron delocalization and magnetic properties of doubly reduced double-walled CPP complexes with DFT methods, in the isolated and aggregate [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2- (n = 5-8) species. Our results show that the hosts undergo structural, bonding and delocalization deformations towards quinoidal configurations and exhibit global long-ranged shielding cones similar to global aromatic free dianionic CPPs, accounting for charge delocalization on the outer nanohoops, whereas the guests preserve local aromatic benzenoid configurations, resulting in global and local aromatic circuits within the host-guest aggregate. This observation suggests that in multi-layered related species electronic delocalization will be retained at the outer structural surface. The aromaticity of the hosts is manifested in the strong upfield shifts of the guests 1H-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes can be extended to doubly reduced species stabilized by global host aromaticity expanding our understanding of doubled-walled nanotubes at the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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7
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Freiberger M, Solymosi I, Freiberger EM, Hirsch A, Pérez-Ojeda ME, Drewello T. A molecular Popeye: Li +@C 60 and its complexes with [ n]cycloparaphenylenes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5665-5670. [PMID: 36896752 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we compare for the first time the stability of [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP)-based host-guest complexes with Li+@C60 and C60 in the gas and the solution phase. Our gas-phase experiments reveal a significant increase in stability for the complexes featuring [9-12]CPP with Li+@C60. This increased interaction strength is also observed in solution. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows for the formation of [10]CPP⊃Li+@C60 a two orders of magnitude larger association constant than that for the C60 analog. Additionally, an increased binding entropy is observed. This study contributes to a better understanding of host-guest complexes between [n]CPPs and endohedral metallofullerenes at a molecular level, which is the prerequisite for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Iris Solymosi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Eva Marie Freiberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - M Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
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8
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Freiberger M, Minameyer MB, Solymosi I, Frühwald S, Krug M, Xu Y, Hirsch A, Clark T, Guldi DM, von Delius M, Amsharov K, Görling A, Pérez-Ojeda ME, Drewello T. Two Rings Around One Ball: Stability and Charge Localization of [1 : 1] and [2 : 1] Complex Ions of [10]CPP and C 60/70 [ * ]. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203734. [PMID: 36507855 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase chemistry of noncovalent complexes of [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) with C60 and C70 by means of atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The literature-known [1 : 1] complexes, namely [10]CPP⊃C60 and [10]CPP⊃C70 , are observed as radical cations and anions. Their stability and charge distribution are studied using energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID). These measurements reveal that complexes with a C70 core exhibit a greater stability and, on the other hand, that the radical cations are more stable than the respective radical anions. Regarding the charge distribution, in anionic complexes charges are exclusively located on C60 or C70 , while the charges reside on [10]CPP in the case of cationic complexes. [2 : 1] complexes of the ([10]CPP2 ⊃C60/70 )+ ⋅/- ⋅ type are observed for the first time as isolated solitary gas-phase species. Here, C60 -based [2 : 1] complexes are less stable than the respective C70 analogues. By virtue of the high stability of cationic [1 : 1] complexes, [2 : 1] complexes show a strongly reduced stability of the radical cations. DFT analyses of the minimum geometries as well as molecular dynamics calculations support the experimental data. Furthermore, our novel gas-phase [2 : 1] complexes are also found in 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Insights into the thermodynamic parameters of the binding process as well as the species distribution are derived from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin B Minameyer
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Solymosi
- Organic Chemistry II Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krug
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Organic Chemistry II Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Organic Chemistry II Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Aromaticity controls the excited-state properties of host-guest complexes of nanohoops. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 36537223 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic molecules have exciting applications as materials for batteries, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, etc. Among these systems, antiaromatic compounds are of particular interest because of their smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to aromatic compounds. A small HOMO-LUMO gap is expected to facilitate charge transfer in the systems. Here we report the ground and excited-state properties of two model nanohoops that are nitrogen-doped analogs of recently synthesized [4]cyclodibenzopentalenes - tetramers of benzene-fused aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]DHPP) and antiaromatic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]PP). Their complexes with C60 fullerene show different behavior upon photoexcitation, depending on the degree of aromaticity. [4]DHPP acts as an electron donor, whereas [4]PP is a stronger electron acceptor than C60. The ultrafast charge separation combined with the slow charge recombination that we found for [4]PP⊃C60 indicates a long lifetime of the charge transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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10
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Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Metallofullertube: From Tubular Endohedral Structures to Properties. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200507. [PMID: 36018612 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallofullertubes are endohedral metallofullerenes with tubular fullerene cage possessing the segment of carbon nanotubes. Metallofullertubes have endohedral metal atom, fullerene cap and nanotube segment. Therefore, it is conceivable that this new kind of molecular materials would bring on many unexpected properties. In recent years, several pioneer metallofullertubes have been successfully reported, such as La2 @D5 (450)-C100 , Ce2 @D5 (450)-C100 , Sm2 @D3d (822)-C104 . Apart from the great effort to synthesize molecules and determine their structures, the physical and chemical properties of metallofullertubes are still waiting to be explored. In this minireview, we revisit the structures of reported metallofullertubes, and then we highlight their electronic and supramolecular properties. Finally, some perspectives for the development of metallofullertubes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
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11
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Liang J, Lu Y, Zhang J, Qiu L, Li W, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang T. Visible and near-infrared photoluminescence of a supramolecular complex constructed from a cycloparaphenylene nanoring and an erbium metallofullerene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10227-10233. [PMID: 35748358 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Erbium metallofullerenes exhibit near-infrared photoluminescence from the Er3+ ions, which has potential applications in telecommunications, optical devices and bioscience. In this manuscript, we report the construction of a supramolecular complex of metallofullerene Er3N@C80 and cycloparaphenylene [12]CPP to adjust the near-infrared photoluminescence of Er3N@C80 through host-guest interactions. Moreover, this supramolecular complex shows a multiwavelength luminescence property. Mass spectrometry, electrochemical measurements and proton NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP. The electrochemical results of Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP show the negatively shifted redox potentials compared to pristine Er3N@C80 and the 1H NMR signals of Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP shift upfield compared to pristine [12]CPP. More importantly, the photoluminescence spectra show that the [12]CPP nanoring can affect the near-infrared emission of encapsulated Er3+ ions in Er3N@C80, with the characteristic emission peak of Er3+ at 1.5 μm being broadened and enhanced in the Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP complex, while the fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ also becomes longer after assembly formation. Furthermore, the Er3N@C80 guest also can influence the photoluminescence property of [12]CPP, whose emission peaks exhibit a slight blue-shift in the Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP complex. This study illustrates that the outer nanoring can be employed to adjust the photoluminescence of the encapsulated Er3+ ion in Er3N@C80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
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12
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Hirao T, Haino T. Supramolecular Ensembles Formed via Calix[5]arene-Fullerene Host-Guest Interactions. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200344. [PMID: 35647739 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This minireview introduces the research directions for the synthesis of supramolecular fullerene polymers. First, the discovery of host-guest complexes of pristine fullerenes is briefed. We focus on progress in supramolecular fullerene polymers directed by the use of calix[5]arene-fullerene interactions, which comprise linear, networked, helical arrays of fullerenes in supramolecular ensembles. The unique self-sorting behavior of right-handed and left-handed helical supramolecular fullerene arrays is discussed. Thereafter, an extensive investigation of the calix[5]arene-fullerene interaction for control over the chain structures of covalent polymers is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hirao
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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13
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Allen CD, Rempe SLB, Zwier TS, Ren P. Trapping Ca + inside a molecular cavity: computational study of the potential energy surfaces for Ca +-[ n]cycloparaphenylene, n = 5-12. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10085-10094. [PMID: 35416200 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00717g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion trap quantum computing utilizes electronic states of atomic ions such as Ca+ to encode information on to a qubit. To explore the fundamental properties of Ca+ inside molecular cavities, we describe here a computational study of Ca+ bound inside neutral [n]-cycloparaphenylenes (n = 5-12), often referred to as "nanohoops". This ab initio study characterizes optimized structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, potential energy surfaces, and ion molecular orbital distortion as functions of increasing nanohoop size. The results of this work provide a first step in guiding experimental studies of the spectroscopy of these ion-molecular cavity complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Susan L B Rempe
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Timothy S Zwier
- Sandia National Laboratories, Gas Phase Chemical Physics, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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14
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Li W, Qu F, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liang J, Lu Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang C, Wang T. A Metallofullertube of Ce 2 @C 100 with a Carbon Nanotube Segment: Synthesis, Single-Molecule Conductance and Supramolecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116854. [PMID: 35044049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tubular fullerenes can be considered as end-capped carbon nanotubes with accurate structure, which are promising nanocarbon materials for advanced single-molecule electronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a metallofullertube Ce2 @D5 (450)-C100 , which has a tubular C100 cage with a carbon nanotube segment and two fullerene end-caps. As there are structure correlations between tubular Ce2 @D5 (450)-C100 and spherical Ce2 @Ih -C80 , their structure-property relationship has been compared by means of experimental and theoretical methods. Notably, single-molecule conductance measurement determined that the conductivity of Ce2 @D5 (450)-C100 was up to eight times larger than that of Ce2 @Ih -C80 . Furthermore, supramolecular assembly of Ce2 @D5 (450)-C100 and a [12]CPP nanohoop was investigated, and theoretical calculations revealed that metallofullertube Ce2 @D5 (450)-C100 adopted a "standing" configuration in the cavity of [12]CPP. These results demonstrate the special nature of this kind of metallofullertube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fayu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linshan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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15
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Li W, Qu F, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liang J, Lu Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang C, Wang T. A Metallofullertube of Ce
2
@C
100
with a Carbon Nanotube Segment: Synthesis, Single‐Molecule Conductance and Supramolecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Fayu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Linshan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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16
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Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Debnath T, Das AK. Dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane to functionalize neutral and Li +-encapsulated C 60, C 70 and C 36 fullerene cages: a DFT approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4022-4041. [PMID: 35103266 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic investigations into the functionalization of three fullerene cages, viz. C60, C70, and C36 through dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane (AB) have been conducted using Density Functional Theory (DFT). In this process of functionalization, different ring fusions, namely (6-6), (6-5) positions for C60 and C70, and an additional (5-5) for C36 fullerene have been investigated. The optimized geometries of all the complexes and transition states have been characterized using the M06-2X functional in conjunction with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The effect of Li+-encapsulation on the energetics and activation barriers of H2 attachment has also been examined. Although the process of functionalization of neutral fullerenes proceeds extensively through concerted pathways, a step-wise route has been observed for the encapsulated systems. NPA charge analysis and Wiberg bond index (WBI) have been used in order to detect the change in the nature of participating hydrogen atoms and validate the variation in the bond order of the C-C connectivity respectively upon hydrogenation. GCRD parameters have also been calculated to explicate the electronic properties of the hydrogenated products. The (6-6) hydrogenation is observed to be favoured thermodynamically and kinetically for both neutral and Li+-encapsulated C60 and C70, while (5-5) is found to be the most preferred site for C36 systems. Our theoretical exploration suggests that the covalent functionalization of the fullerene cages can be done successfully viaAB resulting in the stabilization of these systems. In short, the present work will provide a general idea about the detailed mechanism related to the functionalization of fullerene cages, which will further motivate researchers in fullerene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tanay Debnath
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Abhijit K Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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17
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Kohrs D, Volkmann J, Wegner HA. Cycloparaphenylenes via [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7483-7494. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The [2+2+2] cycloaddition (CA) offers great potential as an atom economic method for the formation of substituted aromatic rings. In this article, we highlight the application of this versatile method...
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18
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Si Y, Qu N, Yang G. Exploring the photophysical properties of unusual π-conjugated porphyrin nanohoops. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures, UV-vis/CD spectra and the second-order NLO properties of eight π-conjugated nanohoops, which are composed of two porphyrins linked by terphenyl bridges, were investigated by employing DFT/TDDFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Nan Qu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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19
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Nie M, Liang J, Zhao C, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Single-Molecule Magnet with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Based on a Metallofullerene Integrated by Dysprosium and Yttrium Ions. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19080-19088. [PMID: 34730326 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is vital to construct luminescent single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and explore their applications in quantum computing technique and magneto-luminescence devices. In this work, we report a luminescent single-molecule magnet with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on metallofullerene DyY2N@C80. DyY2N@C80 was constructed by integrating dysprosium and yttrium ions into a fullerene cage. Magnetic results suggest that DyY2N@C80 exhibits magnetic hysteresis loops below 8 K originating from the Dy3+ ion. Moreover, DyY2N@C80 exhibits TADF originating from the Y3+-coordinated carbon cage, whose luminescence peak positions and peak intensities can be obviously influenced by Dy3+. Furthermore, a supramolecular complex of DyY2N@C80 and [12]Cycloparaphenylene ([12]CPP) was then prepared to construct a single-molecule magnet with multiwavelength luminescence. The effects of host-guest interaction on photoluminescence properties of DyY2N@C80 were disclosed. Theoretical calculations were also employed to illustrate the structures of DyY2N@C80 and DyY2N@C80⊂[12]CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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George G, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Reactivity of the superhalogen/superalkali ion encapsulating C 60 fullerenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:203-210. [PMID: 34881384 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and a series of C60 fullerenes with encapsulated (super)alkali/(super)halogen species (Li+@C60, Li2F+@C60, Cl-@C60, and LiF2-@C60) was explored by means of DFT calculations. The reactivity of the ion encapsulating systems was compared to that of the parent C60 fullerene. Significant enhancement in reactivity was found for cation-encapsulating Li+/Li2F+@C60 complexes. The cycloadduct formed by LiF2-@C60 was found to be the most thermodynamically favorable among the studied ones. In contrast, encapsulation of Cl- anions disfavors the cycloaddition reaction both kinetically and thermodynamically. Higher activation energy barrier and less stability of the reaction product in the case of Cl-@C60 were associated with the higher deformation energies of the fullerene cage and the lower interaction energy between the reactants in comparison with the other studied complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibu George
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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21
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Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Molecular structures and magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10317-10326. [PMID: 34542549 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes have fascinating core-shell structures, with metal atoms or metal clusters encaged in fullerene cages, and they display various chemical, optical and magnetic properties derived from different types of fullerene cages and metal moieties. Fullerene cages can act as carriers to stabilize unusual cluster moieties. Many bizarre species that are hard to produce via synthetic methods survive well under the protection of a fullerene cage, making metallofullerenes ideal platforms for generating new clusters and bonds. Fullerene cages can also be carriers to hold active unpaired electrons. Some metallofullerenes possess electron spin and show intriguing magnetic properties, making them applicable for use in quantum computing, high density information storage and magnetoreception systems. The exploration of new metallofullerenes is still ongoing, while function-oriented studies are also promoted for the future application of metallofullerenes. Herein, we highlight the recent progress in the synthesis, electron spin characteristics and magnetic properties of metallofullerenes. Discussions and an outlook on the future development of metallofullerenes are also stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
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22
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Tang M, Liang Y, Lu X, Miao X, Jiang L, Liu J, Bian L, Wang S, Wu L, Liu Z. Molecular-strain engineering of double-walled tetrahedra. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. [10]CPP-Based Inclusion Complexes of Charged Fulleropyrrolidines. Effect of the Charge Location on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2021; 27:8737-8744. [PMID: 33780063 PMCID: PMC8251704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of non-covalently bound donor-acceptor dyads, consisting of C60 as the electron acceptor and cycloparaphenylene (CPP) as the electron donor, have been reported. A hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer (CT) band in polar medium has been found in [10]CPP⊃Li+ @C60 . To explore this anomalous effect, we study inclusion complexes [10]CPP⊃Li+ @C60 -MP, [10]CPP⊃C60 -MPH+ , and [10]CPP⊃C60 -PPyMe+ formed by fulleropyrrolidine derivatives and [10]CPP using the DFT/TDDFT approach. We show that the introduction of a positively charged fragment into fullerene stabilizes CT states that become the lowest-lying excited states. These charge-separated states can be generated by the decay of locally excited states on a nanosecond to picosecond time scale. The distance of the charged fragment to the center of the fullerenic cage and its accessibility to the solvent determine the strength of the hypsochromic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawPasteura 102-093WarsawPoland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA)08010BarcelonaSpain
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24
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Ikemoto K, Sato S, Isobe H, Petrukhina MA. Chemical Reduction of a Nanosized [6]Cyclo‐2,7‐naphthylene Macrocycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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25
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Ikemoto K, Sato S, Isobe H, Petrukhina MA. Chemical Reduction of a Nanosized [6]Cyclo-2,7-naphthylene Macrocycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11201-11205. [PMID: 33617079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of a naphthylene macrocycle, [6]cyclo-2,7-naphthylene ([6]CNAP, 1), with alkali metals, Li and K, revealed the accessibility of the doubly-reduced state of 1. The macrocyclic 12- anion was isolated in different coordination environments and crystallographically characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of contact-ion complexes with one Li+ and two K+ ions in THF, and a "naked" dianion in the solvent-separated ion product with K+ ions in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether. The detailed structural analysis of 12- showed that the π-conjugation over the biaryl linkages between naphthylene panels were enhanced upon two-fold reduction, which was rationally explained by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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26
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Das P, Chattaraj PK. Comparison Between Electride Characteristics of Li 3@B 40 and Li 3@C 60. Front Chem 2021; 9:638581. [PMID: 33791279 PMCID: PMC8005563 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.638581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) based computation is performed on the endohedrally encapsulated Li3 cluster inside the B40 and C60 cages namely, Li3@B40 and Li3@C60. For both these systems, the Li-Li bond lengths are shorter than that in the free Li3 cluster. Due to confinement, the Li-Li vibrational frequencies increase in both the systems as compared to that in the free Li3 cluster. Thermodynamically, the formation of these two systems is spontaneous in nature as predicted by the negative values of Gibbs' free energy changes (ΔG). For both the systems one non-nuclear attractor (NNA) is present on the middle of the Li3 cluster which is predicted and confirmed by the electron density analysis. The NNA population and the percentage localization of electron density at the NNA of the Li3@C60 system are higher than that in the Li3@B40 system. At the NNA the values of the Laplacian of electron density are negative and an electron localization function basin is present at the center of the Li3 cluster for localized electrons. Both systems show large values of nonlinear optical properties (NLO). Both the Li3 encapsulated endohedral systems behave as electrides. Electrides have low work function and hence have a great potential in catalytic activity toward the activation of small molecules (such as CO2, N2). Even some electrides have greater catalytic activity than some well-studied metal-loaded catalysts. As the systems under study behave as electrides, they have the power to show catalytic activity and can be used in catalyzing the activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Zhao C, Liu F, Feng L, Nie M, Lu Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang T. Construction of a double-walled carbon nanoring. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4880-4886. [PMID: 33625431 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nanoring structure of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) can be considered as the shortest fragment of a carbon nanotube. Herein, we successfully prepared a double-walled carbon nanoring of [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP, which can be regarded as the shortest double-walled carbon nanotube. [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP was constructed through the supramolecular assembly, and its crystallographic structure was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The host-guest interaction and charge transfer in [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP were disclosed by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical studies. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy disclosed the stability of the [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP cation radical, whose unpaired spin was fully delocalized on the inner [6]CPP and well protected by outer [12]CPP. Moreover, [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP shows highly enhanced photoconductivity and photocurrent under light irradiation compared to those of pristine monomers. The self-assembly behavior of [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP was also studied, and it was found that [6]CPP⊂[12]CPP molecules tend to form a square rod structure in the DMF solution. Thus, these results demonstrate that this double-walled carbon nanoring material has a great potential application in photoelectronic devices and organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lai Feng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Photoinduced electron transfer in nano-Saturn complexes of fullerene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2126-2133. [PMID: 33437974 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced electron transfer is studied computationally in several Saturn-shaped inclusion complexes of carbo-aromatic rings and C60 fullerene - C72⊃C60, C96⊃C60, C120⊃C60, and C168⊃C60. Analysis of their structural and electronic properties shows that the charge separation process is efficient in C120⊃C60 and C168⊃C60 where the host molecule resembles the conjugated [24]circulene unit. In contrast, the electron transfer is not feasible in the complexes of the oligophenylene-based rings C72⊃C60 and C96⊃C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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29
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Electron Transfer in a Li +-Doped Zn-Porphyrin-[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Junction and Charge-Separated Bands with Opposite Response to Polar Environments. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9095-9102. [PMID: 32915570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently synthesized porphyrin-cycloparaphenylene (ZnP-[10]CPP) junction is a powerful platform to develop useful organic photovoltaic devices. In this work, we computationally study photoinduced electron transfer processes in the supramolecular complex ZnP-[10]CPP⊃C60 and its Li+-doped derivative. The most striking finding is charge-separated (CS) bands in ZnP-[10]CPP⊃Li+@C60 with opposite response to solvent polarity. Besides CS bands that demonstrate a bathochromic shift, there exist CS transitions showing a rarely observed hypsochromic shift. The rates of energy transfer, charge separation, and charge recombination in the supramolecular complexes are computed by using the semiclassical approach. These estimates suggest that the both types of CS states can be efficiently populated in polar media by decay of locally excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Yamada M, Narita H, Maeda Y. A Fullerene‐Based Molecular Torsion Balance for Investigating Noncovalent Interactions at the C
60
Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Haruna Narita
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
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31
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Yamada M, Narita H, Maeda Y. A Fullerene-Based Molecular Torsion Balance for Investigating Noncovalent Interactions at the C 60 Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16133-16140. [PMID: 32458522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the nature and strength of noncovalent interactions at the fullerene surface, molecular torsion balances consisting of C60 and organic moieties connected through a biphenyl linkage were synthesized. NMR and computational studies show that the unimolecular system remains in equilibrium between well-defined folded and unfolded conformers owing to restricted rotation around the biphenyl C-C bond. The energy differences between the two conformers depend on the substituents and is ascribed to differences in the intramolecular noncovalent interactions between the organic moieties and the fullerene surface. Fullerenes favor interacting with the π-faces of benzenes bearing electron-donating substituents. The correlation between the folding free energies and corresponding Hammett constants of the substituents in the arene-containing torsion balances reflects the contributions of the electrostatic interactions and dispersion force to face-to-face arene-fullerene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Haruna Narita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
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32
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Schaub TA, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Structural deformation and host-guest properties of doubly-reduced cycloparaphenylenes, [ n]CPPs 2- ( n = 6, 8, 10, and 12). Chem Sci 2020; 11:9395-9401. [PMID: 34094205 PMCID: PMC8161678 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reduction of several cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) ranging in size from [8]CPP to [12]CPP has been investigated with potassium metal in THF. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the resulting doubly-reduced [n]CPPs provided a unique series of carbon nanohoops with increasing dimensions and core flexibility for the first comprehensive structural analysis. The consequences of electron acquisition by a [n]CPP core have been analyzed in comparison with the neutral parents. The addition of two electrons to the cyclic carbon framework of [n]CPPs leads to the characteristic elliptic core distortion and facilitates the internal encapsulation of sizable cationic guests. Molecular and solid-state structure changes, alkali metal binding and unique size-dependent host abilities of the [n]CPP2- series with n = 6-12 are discussed. This in-depth analysis opens new perspectives in supramolecular chemistry of [n]CPPs and promotes their applications in size-selective guest encapsulation and chemical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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34
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Kurosaki R, Matsuo K, Hayashi H, Yamada H, Aratani N. A Directly-linked Cyclic Pyrene Tetramer as a Back-to-back Receptor for Two Fullerenes. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurosaki
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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35
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Triquinoline‐ versus Fullerene‐Based Cycloparaphenylene Ionic Complexes: Comparison of Photoinduced Charge‐Shift Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:10896-10902. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) 08010 Barcelona Spain
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36
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Rodríguez-Hernández B, Oldani N, Martínez-Mesa A, Uranga-Piña L, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoexcited energy relaxation and vibronic couplings in π-conjugated carbon nanorings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15321-15332. [PMID: 32628225 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated carbon nanorings exhibit unique photophysical properties that, combined with their tunable sizes and conformations, make them suitable for a variety of practical applications. These properties are intimately associated to their strained, bent and sterically hindered cyclic structures. Herein we perform a comparative analysis of the photoinduced dynamics in carbon nanorings composed of nine phenyl units([9]CPP) and nine naphthyl units ([9]CN) respectively. The sterically demanding naphthyl units lead to large dihedral angles between neighboring units. Nevertheless, the ultrafast electronic and vibrational energy relaxation and redistribution is found to be similar for both systems. We observe that vibronic couplings, introduced by nonadiabatic energy transfer between electronic excited states, ensure the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution through specific vibrational modes. The comparative impact of the internal conversion process on the exciton spatial localization and intra-ring migration indicates that naphthyl units in [9]CN achieve more efficient but less dynamical self-trapping compared to that of phenyl units in [9]CPP. That is, during the photoinduced process, the exciton in [9]CN is more static and localized than the exciton in [9]CPP. The internal conversion processes take place through a specific set of middle- to high-frequency normal modes, which directly influence the spatial exciton redistribution during the internal conversion, self-trapping and intra-ring migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
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37
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Kishi R, Yamane M, Sugiura R, Yoshida W, Shimizu Y, Nakano M. Theoretical study on aromatic and open-shell characteristics of carbon nanobelts composed of indeno[1,2- b]fluorene units: dependence on the number of units and charge states. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25736-25745. [PMID: 35518632 PMCID: PMC9055345 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we theoretically investigate the aromatic and open-shell characteristics of carbon nanobelts (CNBs) composed of five- and six-membered rings. We have designed nanobelts composed of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene ([1,2-b]IF) units, which are referred to as [N]IF-CNB (N: the number of five-membered rings). The number of π-electrons, n π, in neutral [N]IF-CNB is 7N, and thus depending on N and charge states, n π can be 4n + 2 and 4n. Quantum chemical calculations on neutral [6]IF-CNB and [8]IF-CNB and dicationic [8]IF-CNB2+ have revealed that they are expected to exhibit unique aromatic and open-shell characteristics depending on n π, there are several analogies of the electronic structures in [N]IF-CNB to those in [N]annulene. Delocalized and intermediate open-shell electronic structures of [N]IF-CNB are also useful to drastically change the third-order nonlinear optical properties. These results suggest that theoretically designed [N]IF-CNB can be attractive and challenging targets of organic synthesis for realizing novel open-shell functional conjugated macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugiura
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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38
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Ineffective OH Pinning of the Flipping Dynamics of a Spherical Guest within a Tight‐Fitting Tube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14570-14576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Minameyer MB, Xu Y, Frühwald S, Görling A, von Delius M, Drewello T. Investigation of Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and their Noncovalent Ring-in-Ring and Fullerene-in-Ring Complexes by (Matrix-Assisted) Laser Desorption/Ionization and Density Functional Theory. Chemistry 2020; 26:8729-8741. [PMID: 32476186 PMCID: PMC7497255 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[n]Cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) with n=5, 8, 10 and 12 and their noncovalent ring‐in‐ring and [m]fullerene‐in‐ring complexes with m=60, 70 and 84 have been studied by direct and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization ((MA)LDI) and density‐functional theory (DFT). LDI is introduced as a straightforward approach for the sensitive analysis of CPPs, free from unwanted decomposition and without the need of a matrix. The ring‐in‐ring system of [[10]CPP⊃[5]CPP]+. was studied in positive‐ion MALDI. Fragmentation and DFT indicate that the positive charge is exclusively located on the inner ring, while in [[10]CPP⊃C60]+. it is located solely on the outer nanohoop. Positive‐ion MALDI is introduced as a new sensitive method for analysis of CPP⊃fullerene complexes, enabling the detection of novel complexes [[12]CPP⊃C60, 70 and 84]+. and [[10]CPP⊃C84]+.. Selective binding can be observed when mixing one fullerene with two CPPs or vice versa, reflecting ideal size requirements for efficient complex formation. Geometries, binding and fragmentation energies of CPP⊃fullerene complexes from DFT calculations explain the observed fragmentation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Matsuno T, Someya M, Sato S, Maeda S, Isobe H. Ineffective OH Pinning of the Flipping Dynamics of a Spherical Guest within a Tight‐Fitting Tube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Maki Someya
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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41
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Freixas VM, Oldani N, Franklin-Mergarejo R, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Electronic Energy Relaxation in a Photoexcited Fully Fused Edge-Sharing Carbon Nanobelt. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4711-4719. [PMID: 32464064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts are cylindrical molecules composed of fully fused edge-sharing arene rings. Because of their aesthetically appealing structures, they acquire unusual optoelectronic properties that are potentially suitable for a range of applications in nanoelectronics and photonics. Nevertheless, the very limited success of their synthesis has led to their photophysical properties remaining largely unknown. Compared to that of carbon nanorings (arenes linked by single bonds), the strong structural rigidity of nanobelts prevents significant deformations away from the original high-symmetry conformation and, therefore, impacts their photophysical properties. Herein, we study the photoinduced dynamics of a successfully synthesized belt segment of (6,6)CNT (carbon nanotube). Modeling this process with nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations uncovers the critical role played by the changes in excited state wave function localization on the different types of carbon atoms. This allows a detailed description of the excited state dynamics and spatial exciton evolution throughout the nanobelt scaffold. Our results provide detailed information about the excited state electronic properties and internal conversion rates that is potentially useful for designing nanobelts for nanoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - N Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - R Franklin-Mergarejo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - S Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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Das P, Saha R, Chattaraj PK. Encapsulation of Mg2
inside a C60
cage forms an electride. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1645-1653. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur India
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur India
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Mumbai India
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43
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Kawanishi T, Ishida K, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Selective and Gram-Scale Synthesis of [8]Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2082-2091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawanishi
- Oji R&D Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD., Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0003, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
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44
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45
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46
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Van Raden JM, Leonhardt EJ, Zakharov LN, Pérez-Guardiola A, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, Marshall CR, Brozek CK, Sancho-García JC, Jasti R. Precision Nanotube Mimics via Self-Assembly of Programmed Carbon Nanohoops. J Org Chem 2019; 85:129-141. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Erik J. Leonhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR − Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - A. Pérez-Guardiola
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - A. J. Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Checkers R. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Carl K. Brozek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - J. C. Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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47
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Lu D, Huang Q, Wang S, Wang J, Huang P, Du P. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Analogs. Front Chem 2019; 7:668. [PMID: 31649920 PMCID: PMC6794338 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and their analogs have recently attracted much attention due to their aesthetical structures and optoelectronic properties with radial π-conjugation systems. The past 10 years have witnessed a remarkable advancement in CPPs research, from synthetic methodology to optoelectronic investigations. In this present minireview, we highlight the supramolecular chemistry of CPPs and their analogs, mainly focusing on the size-selective encapsulation of fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes, and small molecules by these hoop-shaped macrocycles. We will also discuss the assembly of molecular bearings using some belt-persistent tubular cycloarylene molecules and fullerenes, photoinduced electron transfer properties in supramolecular systems containing carbon nanohoop hosts and fullerene guests, as well as the shape recognition properties for structure self-sorting by using dumbbell-shaped dimer of [60]fullerene ligand. Besides, the supramolecular complexes with guest molecules other than fullerenes, such as CPPs themselves, iodine, pyridinium cations, and bowl-shaped corannulene, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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49
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Xu Y, von Delius M. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Strained Carbon Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:559-573. [PMID: 31190449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1996, a growing number of strained macrocycles, comprising only sp2 - or sp-hybridized carbon atoms within the ring, have become synthetically accessible, with the [n]cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes (CPPAs) and the [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) being the most prominent examples. Now that robust and relatively general synthetic routes toward a diverse range of nanohoop structures have become available, the research focus is beginning to shift towards the exploration of their properties and applications. From a supramolecular chemistry perspective, these macrocycles offer unique opportunities as a result of their near-perfect circular shape, the unusually high degree of shape-persistence, and the presence of both convex and concave π-faces. In this Minireview, we give an overview on the use of strained carbon-rich nanohoops in host-guest chemistry, the preparation of mechanically interlocked architectures, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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50
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Evans PJ, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Synthesis of carbon nanohoops containing thermally stable cis azobenzene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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