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Islam MF, Yap YC, Li F, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. The influence of electrolyte concentration on nanofractures fabricated in a 3D-printed microfluidic device by controlled dielectric breakdown. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2007-2014. [PMID: 32776330 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional-printed microfluidic device made of a thermoplastic material was used to study the creation of molecular filters by controlled dielectric breakdown. The device was made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printer and consisted of two V-shaped sample compartments separated by 750 µm of extruded plastic gap. Nanofractures were formed in the thin piece of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by controlled dielectric breakdown by application voltage of 15-20 kV with the voltage terminated when reaching a defined current threshold. Variation of the size of the nanofractures was achieved by both variation of the current threshold and by variation of the ionic strength of the electrolyte used for breakdown. Electrophoretic transport of two proteins, R-phycoerythrin (RPE; <10 nm in size) and fluorescamine-labeled BSA (f-BSA; 2-4 nm), was used to monitor the size and transport properties of the nanofractures. Using 1 mM phosphate buffer, both RPE and f-BSA passed through the nanofractures when the current threshold was set to 25 µA. However, when the threshold was lowered to 10 µA or lower, RPE was restricted from moving through the nanofractures. When we increased the electrolyte concentration during breakdown from 1 to 10 mM phosphate buffer, BSA passed but RPE was blocked when the threshold was equal to, or lower than, 25 µA. This demonstrates that nanofracture size (pore area) is directly related to the breakdown current threshold but inversely related to the concentration of the electrolyte used for the breakdown process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fokhrul Islam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yiing C Yap
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Al-Aqbi ZT, Yap YC, Li F, Breadmore MC. Integrated Microfluidic Devices Fabricated in Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) for On-site Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Aminoglycosides in Whole Blood. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010019. [PMID: 30704056 PMCID: PMC6468438 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
On-site therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important for providing a quick and accurate dosing to patients in order to improve efficacy and minimize toxicity. Aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin are important antibiotics that have been commonly used to treat infections of chronic bacterial infections in the urinary tract, lung, and heart. However, these aminoglycosides can lead to vestibular and auditory dysfunction. Therefore, TDM of aminoglycosides is important due to their ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Here, we have developed a hot embossed poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic device featuring an electrokinetic size and mobility trap (SMT) to purify, concentrate, and separate the aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. These drugs were separated successfully from whole blood within 3 min, with 30-fold lower detection limits compared to a standard pinched injection. The limit of detections (LOD) were 3.75 µg/mL for gentamicin, 8.53 µg/mL for amikacin, and 6.00 µg/mL for tobramycin. These are sufficient to cover the therapeutic range for treating sepsis of 6⁻10 μg/mL gentamicin and tobramycin and 12⁻20 μg/mL of amikacin. The device is simple and could be mass produced via embossing or injection molding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaidon T Al-Aqbi
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
- College of Agriculture, University of Misan, Al-amarah, Misan 62001, Iraq.
| | - Yiing C Yap
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Li F, Macdonald NP, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Multimaterial 3D Printed Fluidic Device for Measuring Pharmaceuticals in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1758-1763. [PMID: 30513198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multimaterial 3D printing provides a unique capability for the creation of highly complex integrated devices where complementary functionality is realized using differences in material properties. Using a single and automated print process, microfluidic devices were fabricated containing (i) an optically transparent structure for fluorescence detection, (ii) electrodes for electrokinetic transport, (iii) a primary membrane to remove particulates and macromolecules including proteins, and (iv) a secondary membrane to concentrate small molecule targets. The device was used for the simultaneous extraction and concentration of small molecule pharmaceuticals from urine, which was followed by an on-chip electrophoretic separation of the concentrated targets for quantitative analysis. Owing to the high level of functional integration inside the device, manual handling was minimal and restricted to the introduction of the sample and buffer solutions. The 3D printed sample-in/answer-out device allowed the direct quantification of ampicillin-a small molecule pharmaceutical-in untreated urine within 3 min, down to 2 ppm. These results demonstrate the potential of 3D printing for on-demand fabrication of disposable, functionally integrated devices for low-cost point-of-collection (POC) diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Geelong , Deakin University , Private Bag 20000 , 3220 Geelong , Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
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Cui P, Wang S. Application of microfluidic chip technology in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:238-247. [PMID: 31452961 PMCID: PMC6704040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of pharmaceutical analytical methods represents one of the most significant aspects of drug development. Recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidics could provide new approaches for drug analysis, including drug screening, active testing and the study of metabolism. Microfluidic chip technologies, such as lab-on-a-chip technology, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, organs-on-chip and droplet techniques, have all been developed rapidly. Microfluidic chips coupled with various kinds of detection techniques are suitable for the high-throughput screening, detection and mechanistic study of drugs. This review highlights the latest (2010–2018) microfluidic technology for drug analysis and discusses the potential future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, #76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, #76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
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Xu J, Liu X, Wang Q, Wang F, Huang Z, Zhang DY, Mao ZW, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Efficient and Versatile Pipet Microextraction Device Based on a Light-Heatable Sorbent. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8304-8308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Qi Wang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Zhoubing Huang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Dong-Yang Zhang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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Greño M, Castro-Puyana M, García MÁ, Marina ML. Analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC and their use as chiral selectors: An update. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:235-259. [PMID: 28941242 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural, synthetic or semisynthetic antibiotics are highly used to prevent or treat diseases in humans and animals, and to promote animal growth. This fact makes that antibiotics residues or their transformation products may be present in food or in the environment after human or animal excretion. For this reason, it is imperative to develop reliable and sensitive analytical methodologies for their analysis. The main aim of this work is to present and discuss the most recent applications of capillary electromigration methods for the analysis of antibiotics, including the developments and applications of their use as chiral selectors in CE. The literature published from June 2015 to June 2017 is included following the previous review by Domínguez-Vega et al. (Electrophoresis, 2016, 37, 189-211). Information about the use of different detection systems, off-line and on-line strategies to improve sensitivity, and microchip devices for the analysis of antibiotics is provided and properly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Greño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Ángeles García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Breadmore MC, Wuethrich A, Li F, Phung SC, Kalsoom U, Cabot JM, Tehranirokh M, Shallan AI, Abdul Keyon AS, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2014–2016). Electrophoresis 2016; 38:33-59. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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