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Guo S, Zhan WW, Yang FL, Zhou J, Duan YH, Zhang D, Yang Y. Enantiopure trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages templated by in situ self-organized D 2h-symmetric anions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5628. [PMID: 38965215 PMCID: PMC11224320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of a molecule's geometry, chirality, and physical properties has long been a challenging pursuit. Our study introduces a dependable method for assembling D3-symmetric trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages. Specifically, D2h-symmetric anions, like oxalate and chloranilic anions, self-organize around a metal ion to form chiral-at-metal anionic complexes, which template the formation of D3-symmetric trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages. The chirality of the trigonal bipyramid is determined by the point chirality of chiral amines used in forming the ligands. Additionally, these cages exhibit chiral selectivity for the included chiral-at-metal anionic template. Our method is broadly applicable to various ligand systems, enabling the construction of larger cages when larger D2h-symmetric anions, like chloranilic anions, are employed. Furthermore, we successfully produce enantiopure trigonal bipyramidal cages with anthracene-containing backbones using this approach, which would be otherwise infeasible. These cages exhibit circularly polarized luminescence, which is modulable through the reversible photo-oxygenation of the anthracenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng-Lei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Hao Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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2
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Pachisia S, Gupta R, Gupta R. Molecular Assemblies Offering Hydrogen-Bonding Cavities: Influence of Macrocyclic Cavity and Hydrogen Bonding on Dye Adsorption. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3616-3630. [PMID: 35156802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a set of Hg macrocycles of amide-phosphine-based ligands offering H-bonding cavities of different dimensions. Such macrocycles are shown to selectively adsorb anionic dyes followed by neutral dyes as well as Prontosil, a biologically relevant antibiotic, within their cavities with the aid of H-bonding-assisted encapsulation. Kinetic experiments supported by spectroscopic and docking studies illustrate the importance of the cavity structure as well as H-bonds for the selective adsorption of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Pachisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ruchika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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3
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Li S, Liu C, Chen Q, Jiang F, Yuan D, Sun QF, Hong M. Adaptive coordination assemblies based on a flexible tetraazacyclododecane ligand for promoting carbon dioxide fixation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9016-9022. [PMID: 36091216 PMCID: PMC9365242 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination hosts based on flexible ligands have received increasing attention due to their inherent adaptive cavities that often show induced-fit guest binding and catalysis like enzymes. Herein, we report the controlled self-assembly of a series of homo/heterometallic coordination hosts (Me4enPd)2n(ML)n [n = 2/3; M = Zn(ii)/Co(ii)/Ni(ii)/Cu(ii)/Pd(ii)/Ag(i); Me4en: N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine] with different shapes (tube/cage) from a flexible tetraazacyclododecane-based pyridinyl ligand (L) and cis-blocking Me4enPd(ii) units. While the Ag(i)-metalated ligand (AgL) gave rise to the formation of a (Me4enPd)4(ML)2-type cage, all other M(ii) ions led to isostructural (Me4enPd)6(ML)3-type tubular complexes. Structural transformations between cages and tubes could be realized through transmetalation of the ligand. The buffering effect on the ML panels endows the coordination tubes with remarkable acid–base resistance, which makes the (Me4enPd)6(ZnL)3 host an effective catalyst for the CO2 to CO32− conversion. Control experiments suggested that the integration of multiple active Zn(ii) sites on the tubular host and the perfect geometry match between CO32− and the cavity synergistically promoted such a conversion. Our results provide an important strategy for the design of adaptive coordination hosts to achieve efficient carbon fixation. A series of coordination hosts were prepared and their applications in CO2 fixation were studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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4
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Pachisia S, Gupta R. Supramolecular catalysis: the role of H-bonding interactions in substrate orientation and activation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14951-14966. [PMID: 34617524 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding plays significant roles in various biological processes during substrate orientation and binding and therefore assists in assorted organic transformations. However, replicating the intricate selection of hydrogen bonds, as observed in nature, in synthetic complexes has met with only limited success. Despite this fact, recent times have seen the emergence of several notable examples where hydrogen bonds have been introduced in synthetic complexes. A few such examples have also illustrated the substantial role played by the hydrogen bonds in influencing and often controlling the catalytic outcome. This perspective presents selected examples illustrating the significance of hydrogen bonds offered by the coordination and the organometallic complexes that aid in providing the desired orientation to a substrate adjacent to a catalytic metal center and remarkably assisting in the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Pachisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
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5
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Sumida R, Tanaka Y, Niki K, Sei Y, Toyota S, Yoshizawa M. Cyclic monoterpenes trapped in a polyaromatic capsule: unusual selectivity, isomerization, and volatility suppression. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9946-9951. [PMID: 34377391 PMCID: PMC8317663 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic monoterpenes (CMTs) are intractable natural products with high volatility and strong odors so that there has been no molecular receptor capable of selectively and tightly trapping CMTs in both solution and the solid state. We herein report that a polyaromatic capsule acts as a functional nanoflask for CMTs with the following five features: (i) the capsule can selectively bind menthone from mixtures with other saturated CMTs in water. In contrast, (ii) treatment of the capsule with mixtures of menthone and π-conjugated CMTs gives rise to ternary host–guest complexes with high pair-selectivity. Notably, (iii) the encapsulated menthone displays unusual isomerization from a typical chair conformer to otherwise unstable conformers upon heating. (iv) The selective binding of volatilized CMTs is demonstrated by the capsule even in the solid state at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, (v) the volatilities of CMTs are significantly suppressed at elevated temperatures by the capsule upon encapsulation in solution as well as in the solid state. A polyaromatic capsule demonstrated its unique host functions toward cyclic monoterpenes, i.e., selective binding in water, pair-selective encapsulation, unusual isomerization, selective binding in the solid state, and remarkable volatility suppression.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Sumida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Keita Niki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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Zhu J, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Wang W, Xu L, Yang H, Nitschke JR. A Cavity-Tailored Metal-Organic Cage Entraps Gases Selectively in Solution and the Amorphous Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11789-11792. [PMID: 33768657 PMCID: PMC8251750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the subcomponent self-assembly of a truxene-faced Zn4 L4 tetrahedron, which is capable of binding the smallest hydrocarbons in solution. By deliberately incorporating inward-facing ethyl groups on the truxene faces, the resulting partially-filled cage cavity was tailored to encapsulate methane, ethane, and ethene via van der Waals interactions at atmospheric pressure in acetonitrile, and also in the amorphous solid state. Interestingly, gas capture showed divergent selectivities in solution and the amorphous solid state. The selective binding may prove useful in designing new processes for the purification of methane and ethane as feedstocks for chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Long Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University3663 N. Zhongshan RoadShanghai200062P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University3663 N. Zhongshan RoadShanghai200062P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University3663 N. Zhongshan RoadShanghai200062P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University3663 N. Zhongshan RoadShanghai200062P. R. China
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7
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Zhu J, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Wang W, Xu L, Yang H, Nitschke JR. A Cavity‐Tailored Metal‐Organic Cage Entraps Gases Selectively in Solution and the Amorphous Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Long Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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8
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Haketa Y, Naganawa A, Sugiura S, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Anion-Responsive π-Electronic Systems Exhibiting Diverse Conformations and Stoichiometries in Anion Binding. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Shinya Sugiura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering Division; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute; Sayo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
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9
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Mai HD, Tran NM, Yoo H. Multilevel coordination-driven assembly for metallosupramolecules with hierarchical structures. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly can produce large, symmetrical, hollow cages that are synthetically easy to access. The functions provided by these aesthetically attractive structures provide a driving force for their development, enabling practical applications. For instance, cages have provided new methods of molecular recognition, chirality sensing, separations, stabilization of reactive species, and catalysis. We have fruitfully employed subcomponent self-assembly to prepare metal-organic capsules from simple building blocks via the simultaneous formation of dynamic coordinative (N→metal) and covalent (N═C) bonds. Design strategies employ multidentate pyridyl-imine ligands to define either the edges or the faces of polyhedral structures. Octahedral metal ions, such as FeII, CoII, NiII, ZnII, and CdII, constitute the vertices. The generality of this technique has enabled the preparation of capsules with diverse three-dimensional structures. This Account highlights how fundamental investigations into the host-guest chemistry of capsules prepared through subcomponent self-assembly have led to the design of useful functions and new applications. We start by discussing simple host-guest systems involving a single capsule and continue to systems that include multiple capsules and guests, whose interactions give rise to complex functional behavior. Many of the capsules presented herein bind varied neutral guests, including aromatic or aliphatic molecules, biomolecules, and fullerenes. Binding selectivity is influenced by solvent effects, weak non-covalent interactions between hosts and guests, and the size, shape, flexibility, and degree of surface enclosure of the inner spaces of the capsules. Some hosts are able to adaptively rearrange structurally or express a different ratio of cage diastereomers to optimize the guest binding ability of the system. In other cases the bound guest can be either protected from degradation or catalytically transformed through encapsulation. Other capsules bind anions, most often in organic solvents and occasionally in water. Complexation is usually driven by a combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and coordination to additional metal centers. Anion binding can also induce cage diastereomeric reconfiguration in a similar manner to some neutral guests, illustrating the general ability of subcomponent self-assembled capsules to respond to stimuli due to their dynamic nature. Capsules have been developed as supramolecular extractants for the selective removal of anions from water and as channels for transporting anions through planar lipid bilayers and into vesicles. Different capsules may work together, allowing for functions more complex than those achievable within single host-guest systems. Incorporation of stimuli-responsive capsules into multicage systems allows individual capsules within the network to be addressed and may allow signals to be passed between network members. We first present strategies to achieve selective guest binding and controlled guest release using mixtures of capsules with varied affinities for guests and different stabilities toward external stimuli. We then discuss strategies to separate capsules with encapsulated cargos via selective phase transfer, where the solvent affinities of capsules change as a result of anion exchange or post-assembly modification. The knowledge gained from these multicage systems may lead to the design of synthetic systems that can perform complex tasks in biomimetic fashion, paving the way for new supramolecular technologies to address practical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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11
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Milo A, Pérez Temprano MH. Highlights from the 53rd EUCHEM conference on stereochemistry, Bürgenstock, Switzerland, May 2018. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10014-10020. [PMID: 30152490 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc90368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When we first heard of the Bürgenstock conference it was described as a guarded meeting in a remote location, undisturbed by modern diversions, with mysterious customs and a secret handshake. All of these rumors turned out to be completely true. We arrived at an undisclosed location and three young men, who knew our names upon sight, greeted us and gave us an agenda in which we discovered the identity of the speakers, moderators and other participants. We then had a few moments to bask in their glory before being treated to a delicious dose of chemistry. During the banquet, before the first lecture, this year's president, Prof. Ilan Marek, gave the opening address from a balcony reserved only for these meetings, rumors hold that it stands vacant all year in anticipation. He mentioned several of the traditions of the meeting, which we are not allowed to share of course, and described the joy of putting together this year's exciting program with the help of an exceptional organizing committee that included Prof. Cristina Nevado, Prof. Christian Bochet, Dr Fabrice Gallou and Dr Alain De Mesmaeker. He also introduced this year's guest of honor, Prof. Yitzhak Apeloig, and wished the best luck to the current Vice President and future President, Prof. Véronique Gouverneur, not only for preparing the 54th Bürgenstock Conference, but also with her duty this year, maintaining the good weather for the whole week. Although the official title of the conference is the EUCHEM conference on stereochemistry, the topics covered span a broad range of cutting edge chemical transformations and insights, which can appeal to anyone working in chemistry and its interfaces with other disciplines. We will briefly describe each of the talks following one of our favorite citable quotes from these inspiring speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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12
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Soumya KR, Arumugam R, Shankar B, Sathiyendiran M. Sulfate Donor Based Dinuclear Heteroleptic Triple-Stranded Helicates from Sulfite and Ditopic Nitrogen Donor Ligands and Their Transformation to Dinuclear Homoleptic Double-Stranded Mesocates. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10718-10725. [PMID: 30106570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate donor based supramolecular coordination complexes [{ fac-Re(CO)3}(μ-SO4)(L n)2{ fac-Re(CO)3}] (1-3) were obtained using ditopic N donors (L n; n = 1-3), NaHSO3, and Re2(CO)10 in a one-pot, multicomponent, coordination-driven self-assembly approach, in which SO32- becomes oxidized to SO42- during the reaction and acts as a building framework. Complexes 1-3 were characterized using IR, ESI-TOF-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The structures of complexes 1-3 were confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The transformation of the dinuclear heteroleptic triple-stranded helicate to the dinuclear homoleptic double-stranded mesocate [{Re(CO)3Cl}2(L n)2] (L n = L1, L2, L3; 4a-6a) was achieved by the addition of BaCl2. The direct treatment of Re(CO)5X (X = Cl, Br) with L1/L2/L3 yielded the dinuclear homoleptic double-stranded helicates [{Re(CO)3X}2 (L n)2] (4b-6b and 7-9).
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Soumya
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Ramar Arumugam
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Bhaskaran Shankar
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
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13
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Jansze SM, Ortiz D, Fadaei Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Menin L, Severin K. Inflating face-capped Pd 6L 8 coordination cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9529-9532. [PMID: 30094441 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tritopic metalloligands were used to form two Pd6L8-type coordination cages. With molecular weights of more than 15 kDa and PdPd distances of up to 4.2 nm, these complexes are among the largest palladium cages described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Tang JH, Sun Y, Gong ZL, Li ZY, Zhou Z, Wang H, Li X, Saha ML, Zhong YW, Stang PJ. Temperature-Responsive Fluorescent Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7723-7729. [PMID: 29782153 PMCID: PMC6385588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and temperature-responsive properties of two fluorescent organoplatinum(II) metallacycles are reported. Metallacycles M1 and M2 were prepared via the coordination-driven self-assembly of a 120° triarylamine ligand L1 and a 120° diplatinum(II) acceptor Pt-1 or 180° diplatinum(II) acceptor Pt-2, respectively. M1 and M2 are hexagonal metallacycles, comprising of three or six freely rotating anthracene pendants on their periphery, respectively. In response to the temperature variation between -20 and 60 °C, the ligand displays irregular emission changes, whereas both metallacycles show reversible absorption and emission spectral changes in THF. The changes in their green emission intensity also exhibit a linear correlation with the temperature variation, with an average sensitivity of -0.67% and -0.77% per °C for M1 and M2, respectively. Furthermore, in coordinating solvents, such as DMF and CH3CN, M1 and M2 show different behaviors: in the lower temperature range, i.e., below 30 °C, their spectral changes are similar to those observed in THF; however, at a higher temperature the metallacycles were presumably destroyed by the solvents and displayed ratiometric fluorescent responses, including a cyan emission of the ligand L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhixuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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15
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El-Massaoudi M, Radi S, Salhi A, Mabkhot YN, Al-Showiman SS, Ghabbour HA, Adarsh NN, Garcia Y. Novel 1D coordination polymers built from acyclic cryptate containing bis(1 H-1,2,4-triazole) ligands and featuring coordinated counteranions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new coordination polymers, namely, ZnL2(BF4)2 (1) and CuL2(NO3)2 (2) were constructed from a new flexible acyclic cryptate-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Massaoudi
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Mohamed I
- Oujda 60 000
- Morocco
| | - Smaail Radi
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Mohamed I
- Oujda 60 000
- Morocco
| | - Amin Salhi
- LC2AME
- Faculty of Science University Mohamed I
- Oujda 60 000
- Morocco
| | - Yahia N. Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science, King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S. Al-Showiman
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science, King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - N. N. Adarsh
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Place L. Pasteur 1
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Yann Garcia
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Place L. Pasteur 1
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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16
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Tang D, Barnett JW, Gibb BC, Ashbaugh HS. Guest Controlled Nonmonotonic Deep Cavity Cavitand Assembly State Switching. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10717-10725. [PMID: 29099596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Octa-acid (OA) and tetra-endo-methyl octa-acid (TEMOA) are water-soluble, deep-cavity cavitands with nanometer-sized nonpolar pockets that readily bind complementary guests, such as n-alkanes. Experimentally, OA exhibits a progression of 1:1 to 2:2 to 2:1 host/guest complexes (X:Y where X is the number of hosts and Y is the number of guests) with increasing alkane chain length from methane to tetradecane. Differing from OA only by the addition of four methyl groups ringing the portal of the pocket, TEMOA exhibits a nonmonotonic progression of assembly states from 1:1 to 2:2 to 1:1 to 2:1 with increasing guest length. Here we present a systematic molecular simulation study to parse the molecular and thermodynamic determinants that distinguish the succession of assembly stoichiometries observed for these similar hosts. Potentials of mean force between hosts and guests, determined via umbrella sampling, are used to characterize association free energies. These free energies are subsequently used in a reaction network model to predict the equilibrium distributions of assemblies. Our models accurately reproduce the experimentally observed trends, showing that TEMOA's endo-methyl units constrict the opening of the binding pocket, limiting the conformations available to bound guests and disrupting the balance between monomeric complexes and dimeric capsules. The success of our simulations demonstrate their utility at interpreting the impact of even simple chemical modifications on supramolecular assembly and highlight their potential to aid bottom-up design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - J Wesley Barnett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Henry S Ashbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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17
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Preston D, White KF, Lewis JEM, Vasdev RAS, Abrahams BF, Crowley JD. Solid-State Gas Adsorption Studies with Discrete Palladium(II) [Pd 2 (L) 4 ] 4+ Cages. Chemistry 2017; 23:10559-10567. [PMID: 28508442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The need for effective CO2 capture systems remains high, and due to their tunability, metallosupramolecular architectures are an attractive option for gas sorption. While the use of extended metal organic frameworks for gas adsorption has been extensively explored, the exploitation of discrete metallocage architectures to bind gases remains in its infancy. Herein the solid state gas adsorption properties of a series of [Pd2 (L)4 ]4+ lantern shaped coordination cages (L = variants of 2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)pyridine), which had solvent accessible internal cavities suitable for gas binding, have been investigated. The cages showed little interaction with dinitrogen gas but were able to take up CO2 . The best performing cage reversibly sorbed 1.4 mol CO2 per mol cage at 298 K, and 2.3 mol CO2 per mol cage at 258 K (1 bar). The enthalpy of binding was calculated to be 25-35 kJ mol-1 , across the number of equivalents bound, while DFT calculations on the CO2 binding in the cage gave ΔE for the cage-CO2 interaction of 23-28 kJ mol-1 , across the same range. DFT modelling suggested that the binding mode is a hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of CO2 and the internally directed hydrogen atoms of the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith F White
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roan A S Vasdev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brendan F Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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He Z, Li M, Que W, Stang PJ. Self-assembly of metal-ion-responsive supramolecular coordination complexes and their photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3120-3124. [PMID: 28203666 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two newly self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) by using the cis-{Pt(PEt3)2}2+ center and two different kinds of pyridyl-derivatized ligands. The photophysical properties of the resulting SCCs in the presence of metal ions revealed that these dipyridyl-containing SCCs hold potential as metal-ion-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoli He
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, International Center for Dielectric Research, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
| | - Meng Li
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenxiu Que
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, International Center for Dielectric Research, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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19
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Sołtys-Brzostek K, Terlecki M, Sokołowski K, Lewiński J. Chemical fixation and conversion of CO2 into cyclic and cage-type metal carbonates. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Zhou Z, Yan X, Saha ML, Zhang M, Wang M, Li X, Stang PJ. Immobilizing Tetraphenylethylene into Fused Metallacycles: Shape Effects on Fluorescence Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13131-13134. [PMID: 27672700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the selective formation of a discrete fused metallarhomboid and a triangle by the careful control of the shape and stoichiometry of the building blocks. A tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based tetrapyridyl donor is exploited as the bridging component, and coordination immobilization of the TPE unit within the rigid metallacyclic frameworks efficiently suppresses its intramolecular rotational motions. As a result, the fused polygons are innately emissive in dilute solution, representing an alternative to aggregation-induced emission. Upon further molecular aggregation, these metallacycles display aggregation-induced enhanced emissions. Interestingly, the fused rhomboid 7 shows a weaker fluorescence in dilute solutions relative to that of the fused triangle 8, while a reversal of emission intensities was observed in the aggregated state. These markedly different fluorescence efficiencies are likely due to the differences in the shapes of the fused polygons. Thus, this work shows that the properties of supramolecular coordination complexes can be affected by subtle structural factors, which can be controlled easily and precisely at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University , San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University , San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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21
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Kopilevich S, Gottlieb H, Keinan-Adamsky K, Müller A, Weinstock IA. The Uptake and Assembly of Alkanes within a Porous Nanocapsule in Water: New Information about Hydrophobic Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4476-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivil Kopilevich
- Department of Chemistry; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Hugo Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 529002 Israel
| | | | - Achim Müller
- Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Ira A. Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
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22
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Kopilevich S, Gottlieb H, Keinan-Adamsky K, Müller A, Weinstock IA. The Uptake and Assembly of Alkanes within a Porous Nanocapsule in Water: New Information about Hydrophobic Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivil Kopilevich
- Department of Chemistry; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Hugo Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 529002 Israel
| | | | - Achim Müller
- Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Ira A. Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
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23
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Li X, Wu J, He C, Zhang R, Duan C. Multicomponent self-assembly of a pentanuclear Ir–Zn heterometal–organic polyhedron for carbon dioxide fixation and sulfite sequestration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5104-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An iridium-containing pentanuclear metal–organic polyhedron was constructedviaa subcomponent self-assembly. The three equatorial Zn(ii) ions in the structure induced atmospheric carbon dioxide transformation as carbonate and sulfur dioxide as sulfite with bonding to the three metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian
- China
| | - Jinguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian
- China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian
- China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian
- China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian
- China
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24
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Wood CS, Ronson TK, McConnell AJ, Roberts DA, Nitschke JR. Dual stimuli-induced formation of a μ-hydroxido bridged [Zn 9L 5(μ-OH) 6] 12+ half-pipe. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1702-1706. [PMID: 28808538 PMCID: PMC5535065 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03926f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-symmetry metal–organic architectures that feature unusual binding motifs are useful for exploring new modes of guest recognition.
Low-symmetry metal–organic architectures that feature unusual binding motifs are useful for exploring new modes of guest recognition. Such structures remain difficult to create using current rational design principles. One approach to constructing such architectures is to employ ligands with coordination vectors oriented to preclude the formation of simple, low nuclearity molecular assemblies upon complexation to metal ions. Here we report two new supramolecular assemblies generated from such a ligand: a simple metastable [Zn3L3]6+ assembly, which was observed to convert to a more complex [Zn9L5(μ-OH)6]12+ twisted half-pipe architecture. Two chemically distinct stimuli—an anionic template and a base—must be applied for the conversion to occur. Perchlorate, perrhenate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and 2-naphthalenesulfonate were found to act as competent templates for the [Zn9L5(μ-OH)6]12+ structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wood
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Anna J McConnell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
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25
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Ronson TK, Roberts DA, Black SP, Nitschke JR. Stacking Interactions Drive Selective Self-Assembly and Self-Sorting of Pyrene-Based M(II)4L6 Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14502-12. [PMID: 26509841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Subcomponent self-assembly of two isomeric bis(3-aminophenyl)pyrenes, 2-formylpyridine and the metal ions Fe(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) led to the formation of two previously unidentified structure types: a C2-symmetric M(II)4L6 assembly with meridionally coordinated metal centers, and a C3-symmetric self-included M(II)4L6 assembly with facially coordinated metal centers. In both structures the meta linkages within the ligands facilitate π-stacking between the pyrene panels of the ligands. A C2h-symmetric M(II)2L2 box was also obtained, which was observed to selectively bind electron-deficient aromatic guests between two parallel pyrene subunits. Similar donor-acceptor interactions drove the selective self-assembly of a singular M(II)4L4L'2 architecture incorporating both a pyrene-containing diamine and an electron-deficient NDI-based diamine. This heteroleptic architecture was shown to be thermodynamically favored over the corresponding homoleptic M(II)4L6 and M(II)4L'6 complexes, which were nonetheless stable in each others' absence. By contrast, an isomeric pyrene-based diamine was observed to undergo narcissistic self-sorting in the presence of the NDI-based diamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Samuel P Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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