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Wei B, Chen YH, Knochel P. Recent Advances in Halogen-Metal Exchange Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1951-1963. [PMID: 38953535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe halogen-metal exchange reaction is a very powerful method for preparing functionalized organometallic reagents in the fields of organic and organometallic chemistry. Since its inception, significant interest has been directed toward the on-demand development of new halogen-metal exchange reactions, primarily through the upgrading of exchange reagents. The enduring quest for optimal reactivity, superior functional group compatibility, and innovative synthetic applications of exchange reagents remains a fundamental objective. In the past several years, the emergence of some significant discoveries in halogen-metal exchange reactions has proclaimed a renaissance to this field. This Account outlines the latest advances within the domain contributed by the Knochel group, including the main points as follows.The stereoretentive I/Li exchange on stereodefined secondary alkyl iodides was developed for the synthesis of nonstabilized chiral secondary alkyllithium reagents. This provided a straightforward method to access chiral organolithium reagents, which can be trapped by various electrophiles or transmetalated with other metals such as copper, zinc, and magnesium, thus enabling the stereoselective synthesis of a series of functionalized compounds and natural products.Faster halogen-magnesium and halogen-zinc exchanges in toluene were realized using a novel kind of exchange reagent complexed with lithium alkoxide. These highly efficient exchange reactions are much faster than traditional ones and performed in an industrially friendly solvent. These advantages are of great value in practical synthesis, paving the way for new developments in this evolving area.Halogen-lanthanide exchanges and their novel applications in organic synthesis were established. These new exchanges introduced the lanthanide metals into halogen-metal exchange reactions for the first time, thereby opening new avenues in synthetic chemistry. Building on these achievements, a comparative analysis of the exchange reaction rates by kinetic study has quantified the relationship between the electronegativity of metals and the rates of halogen-metal exchanges.Br/Na exchange in continuous flow was achieved using a hexane-soluble exchange reagent, 2-ethylhexylsodium. This approach effectively circumvented the poor solubility of the organosodium reagent, which has proven to be of significant practical value and greatly enhanced the synthetic utility of the organosodium reagent in organic synthesis.These remarkable breakthroughs as mentioned above are fueled mainly by upgrading the exchange reagents, resulting in the development of new halogen-metal exchange reactions and innovative applications in organic synthesis. Given the importance of halogen-metal exchanges in synthetic chemistry, the pursuit of other types of exchange reactions, particularly those involving new metals, will be in continuous demand. This Account provides a timely summary of recent progress and will undoubtedly inspire further advances to drive this research field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan China
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei China
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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Shirai T, Kinoshita K, Kumihashi K, Mugita N, Yoshida M, Kigoshi H. Skin- and airway-deliverable TRPA1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117812. [PMID: 38941887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the potential of perfumery compounds as sources of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) inhibitors that could be formulated for effective delivery to the skin and airways. A highly potent, small, and selective TRPA1 inhibitor, 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-pentanol (1), was discovered in perfumery compounds. Compound 1 demonstrated promising inhibitory activity against a broad range of TRPA1 agonists. A single stereoisomer of 1 was identified as the most effective TRPA1 inhibitor, indicating the potential for stereoselective synthesis to enhance its potency. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship of 1 was evaluated to elucidate the structural features of TRPA1 inhibitors within the fragrance-like compounds. Notably, the topical application of 1 alleviated sensory irritation in individuals with sensitive skin, while the inhalation of 1 resulted in a significant reduction in ammonia irritation, underscoring its efficacy in both skin and airway applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shirai
- Sensory Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi, Japan; Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kinoshita
- Sensory Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kumihashi
- Sensory Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nanae Mugita
- Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshida
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Kigoshi
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kremsmair A, Wilke HR, Harenberg JH, Bissinger BRG, Simon MM, Alandini N, Knochel P. In Situ Quench Reactions of Enantioenriched Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents in Batch and Continuous Flow Using an I/Li-Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214377. [PMID: 36269064 PMCID: PMC10100098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a practical in situ quench (ISQ) procedure involving the generation of chiral secondary alkyllithiums from secondary alkyl iodides (including functionalized iodides bearing an ester or a nitrile) in the presence of various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, Weinreb amides, isocyanates, sulfides, or boronates. This ISQ-reaction allowed the preparation of a broad range of optically enriched ketones, alcohols, amides, sulfides and boronic acid esters in typically 90-98 % ee. Remarkably, these reactions were performed at -78 °C or -40 °C in batch. A continuous flow set-up permitted reaction temperatures between -20 °C and 0 °C and allowed a scale-up up to a 40-fold without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Henrik R Wilke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Johannes H Harenberg
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin R G Bissinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Matthias M Simon
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Nurtalya Alandini
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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Xu N, Liang H, Morken JP. Copper-Catalyzed Stereospecific Transformations of Alkylboronic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11546-11552. [PMID: 35735669 PMCID: PMC10436227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed stereospecific cross-couplings of boronic esters are reported. Boron "ate" complexes derived from pinacol boronic esters and tert-butyl lithium undergo stereospecific transmetalation to copper cyanide, followed by coupling with alkynyl bromides, allyl halides, propargylic halides, β-haloenones, hydroxylamine esters, and acyl chlorides. Through this simple transformation, commercially available inexpensive compounds can be employed to convert primary and secondary alkylboronic esters to a wide array of synthetically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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Kremsmair A, Wilke HR, Simon MM, Schmidt Q, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. General stereoretentive preparation of chiral secondary mixed alkylmagnesium reagents and their use for enantioselective electrophilic aminations. Chem Sci 2021; 13:44-49. [PMID: 35059149 PMCID: PMC8694387 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A general preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically enriched secondary alkylmagnesium reagents was reported as well as their use for performing highly stereoselective transition-metal free electrophilic aminations leading to α-chiral amines in up to 97% ee. Thus, the reaction of t-BuLi (2.2 equiv.) with a mixture of chiral secondary alkyl iodides and the commercially available magnesium reagent Me3SiCH2MgCl in a 2 : 1 mixture of pentane and diethyl ether at up to -50 °C provided optically enriched secondary mixed alkylmagnesium species of the type alkyl(Me)CHMgCH2SiMe3 with high retention of configuration (up to 99% ee). The resulting enantiomerically enriched dialkylmagnesium reagents were trapped with electrophiles such as non-enolizable ketones, aldehydes, acid chlorides, isocyanates, chlorophosphines and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines providing α-chiral tertiary alcohols, ketones, amides, phosphines and tertiary amines in up to 89% yield (over three reaction steps) and up to 99% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Henrik R Wilke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Matthias M Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Quirin Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
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Novel multi-functionalized fluorine-containing organometallics: Preparation and applications of tetrafluoroethylenated zinc reagent. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kremsmair A, Skotnitzki J, Knochel P. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cross-Couplings of Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents with 3-Halogeno-Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:11971-11973. [PMID: 32557902 PMCID: PMC7540566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chiral secondary alkylcopper reagents were prepared from the corresponding alkyl iodides with retention of configuration by an I/Li-exchange using tBuLi (-100 °C, 1 min) followed by a transmetalation with CuBr⋅P(OEt)3 (-100 °C, 20 s). These stereodefined secondary alkylcoppers underwent stereoretentive cross-couplings with several 3-iodo or 3-bromo unsaturated carbonyl derivatives leading to the corresponding γ-methylated Michael acceptors in good yields and with high diastereoselectivities (dr up to 96:4). The method was extended to enantiomerically enriched alkylcoppers, providing optically enriched advanced natural product intermediates with up to 90 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Gong Y, Vivie‐Riedle R, Knochel P. Stereoselektive C(sp
3
)‐C(sp
2
)‐Kreuzkupplungen von chiralen sekundären Alkylzinkreagenzien mit Alkenyl‐ und Arylhalogeniden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Ye Gong
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Regina Vivie‐Riedle
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Gong Y, de Vivie‐Riedle R, Knochel P. Stereoselective Csp 3 -Csp 2 Cross-Couplings of Chiral Secondary Alkylzinc Reagents with Alkenyl and Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:320-324. [PMID: 31529574 PMCID: PMC6973128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of chiral secondary non-stabilized dialkylzinc reagents, prepared from readily available chiral secondary alkyl iodides, with alkenyl and aryl halides. This method provides α-chiral alkenes and arenes with very high retention of configuration (dr up to 98:2) and satisfactory overall yields (up to 76 % for 3 reaction steps). The configurational stability of these chiral non-stabilized dialkylzinc reagents was determined and exceeded several hours at 25 °C. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the stereoretention during the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, the cross-coupling reaction was applied in an efficient total synthesis of the sesquiterpenes (S)- and (R)-curcumene with control of the absolute stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Kremsmair
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Ye Gong
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Regina de Vivie‐Riedle
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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Skotnitzki J, Spessert L, Knochel P. Regio- und stereoselektive allylische Substitutionen chiraler sekundärer Alkylkupferverbindungen: Totalsynthese von (+)-Lasiol, (+)-13-Norfaranal und (+)-Faranal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Lukas Spessert
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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Skotnitzki J, Spessert L, Knochel P. Regio- and Stereoselective Allylic Substitutions of Chiral Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents: Total Synthesis of (+)-Lasiol, (+)-13-Norfaranal, and (+)-Faranal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1509-1514. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Lukas Spessert
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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Skotnitzki J, Morozova V, Knochel P. Diastereoselective Copper-Mediated Cross-Couplings between Stereodefined Secondary Alkylcoppers with Bromoalkynes. Org Lett 2018; 20:2365-2368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Varvara Morozova
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Morozova V, Skotnitzki J, Moriya K, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Herstellung enantiomerenangereicherter sekundärer Alkyllithium- und Alkylkupferverbindungen - Synthese von (−)-Lardolure und Siphonarienal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Kohei Moriya
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
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Morozova V, Skotnitzki J, Moriya K, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Preparation of Optically Enriched Secondary Alkyllithium and Alkylcopper Reagents-Synthesis of (−)-Lardolure and Siphonarienal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5516-5519. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Kohei Moriya
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
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Guo L, Wang S, Wei Y, Zhou S, Zhu X, Mu X. Reactivity of 1,3-Disubstituted Indoles with Lithium Compounds: Substituents and Solvents Effects on Coordination and Reactivity of Resulting 1,3-Disubstituted-2-Indolyl Lithium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6197-6207. [PMID: 28474884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactivity of 1,3-disubstituted indolyl compounds with lithium reagents was studied to reveal the substituents and solvent effects on coordination modes and reactivities resulting in different indolyl lithium complexes. Treatment of 1-alkyl-3-imino functionalized compounds 1-R-3-(R'N═CH)C8H5N [R = Bn, R' = Dipp (HL1); R = Bn, R' = tBu (HL2); R = CH3OCH2, R' = Dipp (HL3); Dipp = iPr2C6H3] with Me3SiCH2Li or nBuLi in hydrocarbon solvents (toluene or n-hexane) produced 1,3-disubstituted-2-indolyl lithium complexes [η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-1-Bn-3-(DippN═CH)C8H4NLi]2 (1), {[η1:(μ3-η1:η1:η1)-1-Bn-3-(tBuN═CH)C8H4N][η2:η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-1-Bn-3-(tBuN═CH)C8H4N][η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-1-Bn-3-(tBuN═CH)C8H4N]Li3} (2), and [η1:η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-1-CH3OCH2-3-(DippN═CH)C8H4NLi]2 (3), respectively. The bonding modes of the indolyl ligand were kept in 1 by coordination with donor solvent, affording [η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-1-Bn-3-(DippN═CH)C8H4NLi(THF)]2 (4). The trinuclear complex 2 was converted to dinuclear form with a change of bonding modes of the indolyl ligand by treatment of 2 with donor solvent THF, producing [η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-1-Bn-3-(tBuN═CH)C8H4NLi(THF)]2 (5). X-ray diffraction established that compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 crystallized as dinuclear structures with the carbanionic sp2 carbon atoms of the indolyl ligands coordinated to lithium ions in a μ2-η1:η1 manner, while compound 2 crystallized as a trinuclear structure and the carbanionic atoms of the indolyl moieties coordinated to lithium ions in μ2-η1:η1 and μ3-η1:η1:η1 manners. When the lithiation reaction of HL1 with 1 equiv of nBuLi was carried out in THF, the monomeric lithium complex {η1:η1-1-Bn-3-(DippN═CH)-2-[1'-Bn-3'-(DippNCH)C8H5N]C8H4NLi(THF)} (6) having coupled indolyl moieties was obtained. The compound 6 can also be prepared by the reaction of 1 with 0.5 equiv of HL1 with a higher isolated yield. Accordingly, the lithium complexes [η1:η4-1-Bn-3-tBuN═CH-2-(1'-Bn-3'-tBuNCHC8H5N)C8H4NLi(L)] (L = THF, 7a; L = Et2O, 7b) with the coupled indolyl moieties in η4 mode were isolated by treatment of HL2 with 2 in THF or Et2O. All complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Bengbu College , Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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16
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Thapa S, Basnet P, Giri R. Copper-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins by Tandem Cyclization/Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5700-5703. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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17
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Morozova V, Moriya K, Mayer P, Knochel P. Stereoselective Synthesis and Retentive Trapping of α-Chiral Secondary Alkyllithiums Leading to Stereodefined α,β-Dimethyl Carboxylic Esters. Chemistry 2016; 22:9962-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Kohei Moriya
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
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18
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Basnet P, Thapa S, Dickie DA, Giri R. The copper-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of alkylboron reagents: disproportionation of anionic (alkyl)(alkoxy)borates to anionic dialkylborates prior to transmetalation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11072-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05114f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Cu-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of alkylboron reagents with aryl and heteroaryl iodides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- The University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- The University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- The University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- The University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
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