1
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Lou L, Wan L, Wang ZS. MOF-Assisted Annealing-Free Crystallization Technology of Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37485954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Although annealing is a commonly used crystallization method for perovskite films in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the high thermal energy consumption and limitations on flexible devices hinder their further industrial application. We herein propose an annealing-free crystallization technology for perovskite films, assisted by the Zr-metal-organic framework (MOF) interface between SnO2 and the perovskite. It is found that the Zr-MOF interface can accelerate the formation of perovskite intermediates and promote their conversion into perovskite crystals even without annealing. The trap density thus decreases by about one fold, accompanied by significant increases in electron and hole mobilities, resulting in enhanced carrier extraction and suppressed charge recombination. Therefore, the Zr-MOF-based PSC attains a power convention efficiency (PCE) of 20.24%, 2.2 times that (9.26%) of the pristine PSC. Furthermore, the Zr-MOF interface layer can significantly improve the air and thermal stabilities of PSCs. The Zr-MOF-based PSC exhibits 93% of its initial PCE versus 52% for the pristine PSC after 1018 h of storage in air. Additionally, after 360 h of continuous heating at 65 °C, the Zr-MOF-based PSC retains 91% of its initial PCE against 44% for the pristine PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Deng YH, Nest LG. Analysis of misidentifications in TEM characterisation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material. J Microsc 2021; 282:195-204. [PMID: 33440018 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have recently emerged as groundbreaking semiconductor materials owing to their remarkable properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as a very powerful characterisation tool, has been widely used in perovskite materials for structural analysis and phase identification. However, the perovskites are highly sensitive to electron beams and easily decompose into PbX2 (X = I, Br, Cl) and metallic Pb. The electron dose of general high-resolution TEM is much higher than the critical dose of MAPbI3 , which results in universal misidentifications that PbI2 and Pb are incorrectly labelled as perovskite. The widely existed mistakes have negatively affected the development of perovskite research fields. Here misidentifications of the best-known MAPbI3 perovskite are summarised and corrected, then the causes of mistakes are classified and ascertained. Above all, a solid method for phase identification and practical strategies to reduce the radiation damage for perovskite materials have also been proposed. This review aims to provide the causes of mistakes and avoid misinterpretations in perovskite research fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Deng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Leon Georg Nest
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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4
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Common Phase and Structure Misidentifications in High-Resolution TEM Characterization of Perovskite Materials. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) is a powerful tool for structure characterization. However, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite is highly sensitive to electron beams and easily decomposes into lead iodide (PbI2). Misidentifications, such as PbI2 being incorrectly labeled as perovskite, are widely present in HRTEM characterization and would negatively affect the development of perovskite research field. Here misidentifications in MAPbI3 perovskite are summarized, classified, and corrected based on low-dose imaging and electron diffraction (ED) simulations. Corresponding crystallographic parameters of intrinsic tetragonal MAPbI3 and the confusable hexagonal PbI2 are presented unambiguously. Finally, the method of proper phase identification and some strategies to control the radiation damage in HRTEM are provided. This warning paves the way to avoid future misinterpretations in HRTEM characterization of perovskite and other electron beam-sensitive materials.
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5
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Sharmoukh W, Al Kiey SA, Ali BA, Menon L, Allam NK. Recent progress in the development of hole-transport materials to boost the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 26:e00210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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6
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He J, Fang WH, Long R. Unravelling the effects of oxidation state of interstitial iodine and oxygen passivation on charge trapping and recombination in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite: a time-domain ab initio study. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10079-10088. [PMID: 32055362 PMCID: PMC6991187 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02353d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding nonradiative charge recombination mechanisms is a prerequisite for advancing perovskite solar cells. By performing time-domain density functional theory combined with nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics simulations, we show that electron-hole recombination in perovskites strongly depends on the oxidation state of interstitial iodine and oxygen passivation. The simulations demonstrate that electron-hole recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 occurs within several nanoseconds, agreeing well with experiment. The negative interstitial iodine delays charge recombination by a factor of 1.3. The deceleration is attributed to the fact that interstitial iodine anion forms a chemical bond with its nearest lead atoms, eliminates the trap state, and decreases the NA electron-phonon coupling. The positive interstitial iodine attracts its neighbouring lattice iodine anions, resulting in the formation of an I-trimer and producing an electron trap. Electron trapping proceeds on a very fast timescale, tens of picoseconds, and captures the majority of free electrons available to directly recombine with free holes while inhibiting the recombination of free electrons and holes, delaying the recombination by a factor of 1.5. However, the positive interstitial iodine easily converts to a neutral iodine defect by capturing an electron, giving rise to a singly occupied state above the valence band maximum and acting as a hole trap. The photoexcitation valence band hole becomes trapped by the hole trap state very rapidly, followed by acceleration of recombination with the conduction band free electron by a factor of 1.6. Surprisingly, molecular oxygen interacting with interstitial iodine anion forms a stable IO3 -1 species, which inhibits ion migration, stabilizes perovskites, and suppresses the electron-hole recombination by a factor of 2.7. Our simulations reveal the microscopic effects of the oxidation state of interstitial iodine defects and oxygen passivation in perovskites, suggesting an effective way to improve perovskite photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu He
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China .
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7
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Arain Z, Liu C, Ren Y, Yang Y, Mateen M, Liu X, Ding Y, Ali Z, Liu X, Dai S, Hayat T, Alsaedi A. Low-Temperature Annealed Perovskite Films: A Trade-Off between Fast and Retarded Crystallization via Solvent Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16704-16712. [PMID: 30912434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in the field of photovoltaics, researchers are working hard to produce efficient, stable, and commercially feasible devices. The prime objective behind the innovation of any photovoltaic device is to yield more energy with easy manufacture and less process cost. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are prominent in the field of photovoltaics, owing to its low material cost, simple fabrication process, and ideal optoelectronic properties. Despite rapid augmentation in progress of PSCs, it is still a bottleneck to produce a high-quality perovskite layer at low temperatures in a short time. Herein, a facile solvent engineering technique is used to produce a high-quality perovskite layer at 50 °C in just 30 min. We employed solvent coordination strength to form the intermediate state as well as their sensitive behavior against antisolvent to establish a trade-off between fast and retarded crystallization. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), a traditional co-solvent is used as an additive instead of co-solvent; in contrast, mixed 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide are employed as principal solvents for perovskite precursors. Different volume ratios of DMSO as a fraction of NMP are added to examine the evolution of the perovskite layer at low temperatures. It is noted that the mixed solvent with 30% DMSO shows a pin-hole free, uniform, and compact layer with a strong absorption spectrum. Promisingly, the corresponding device with 30% DMSO shows a high efficiency of 18.19%, which is even comparable to traditionally high-temperature annealed PSCs. These findings may provide a way to produce low-temperature annealed, high-quality perovskite films and subsequently facilitate the production of cost-effective and efficient devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulqarnain Arain
- Energy System Engineering Department , Sukkur IBA University , Sukkur 65200 , Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songyuan Dai
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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Chen S, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Kong G, Li Q, Li N, Yu Y, Xu N, Zhang J, Liu K, Zhao Q, Cao J, Feng J, Li X, Qi J, Yu D, Li J, Gao P. Atomic scale insights into structure instability and decomposition pathway of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4807. [PMID: 30442950 PMCID: PMC6237850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are promising candidates for the next-generation solar cells. Many efforts have been made to study their structures in the search for a better mechanistic understanding to guide the materials optimization. Here, we investigate the structure instability of the single-crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film by using transmission electron microscopy. We find that MAPbI3 is very sensitive to the electron beam illumination and rapidly decomposes into the hexagonal PbI2. We propose a decomposition pathway, initiated with the loss of iodine ions, resulting in eventual collapse of perovskite structure and its decomposition into PbI2. These findings impose important question on the interpretation of experimental data based on electron diffraction and highlight the need to circumvent material decomposition in future electron microscopy studies. The structural evolution during decomposition process also sheds light on the structure instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China
| | - Guoli Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China
| | - Qian Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ningan Xu
- Oxford Instruments Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jicai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2600, USA.
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Li J, Dobrovolsky A, Merdasa A, Unger EL, Scheblykin IG. Luminescent Intermediates and Humidity-Dependent Room-Temperature Conversion of the MAPbI 3 Perovskite Precursor. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14494-14502. [PMID: 31458135 PMCID: PMC6644872 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of metal-halide perovskites under room temperature attracts attention because of energy saving by removing thermal annealing. Room-temperature transformation of spin-cast wet films consisting of methylammonium (MA) iodide, PbI2, and dimethylformamide toward solid MAPbI3 perovskite proceeds via several intermediate crystalline states and is strongly dependent on ambient humidity. Light transmission and photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and spectroscopy were used to monitor the growth of crystals and transformation of their properties in time under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Under low humidity, a highly luminescent intermediate phase with low absorption in the visible range appears, with the PL spectra composed of several bands in the range from 600 to 760 nm. We assign these bands to low-dimensional (nanocrystals and two-dimensional inclusions) MAPbI3 intermediates, where the exciton confinement shifts the spectrum to higher energies in comparison with the bulk MAPbI3. The intermediate levels of ambient humidity (10-50%) appear to catalyze the conversion of the intermediate phase to MAPbI3. At a high ambient humidity (>80%), the initially formed MAPbI3 is quickly transformed to the transparent hydrate phase of MAPbI3. The role of ambient water catalyzing the material transformation by competing for Pb coordination with the solvent molecules is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Aboma Merdasa
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Eva L. Unger
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
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10
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Bonomi S, Marongiu D, Sestu N, Saba M, Patrini M, Bongiovanni G, Malavasi L. Novel Physical Vapor Deposition Approach to Hybrid Perovskites: Growth of MAPbI 3 Thin Films by RF-Magnetron Sputtering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15388. [PMID: 30337600 PMCID: PMC6193984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-based methods represent the most widespread approach used to deposit hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite films for low-cost but efficient solar cells. However, solution-process techniques offer limited control over film morphology and crystallinity, and most importantly do not allow sequential film deposition to produce perovskite-perovskite heterostructures. Here the successful deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) thin films by RF-magnetron sputtering is reported, an industry-tested method to grow large area devices with precisely controlled stoichiometry. MAPI films are grown starting from a single-target made of CH3NH3I (MAI) and PbI2. Films are single-phase, with a barely detectable content of unreacted PbI2, full surface coverage and thickness ranging from less than 200 nm to more than 3 μm. Light absorption and emission properties of the deposited films are comparable to as-grown solution-processed MAPI films. The development of vapor-phase deposition methods is of interest to advance perovskite photovoltaic devices with the possibility of fabricating perovskite multijunction solar cells or multicolor bright light-emitting devices in the whole visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonomi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia and INSTM, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Marongiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Nicola Sestu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Michele Saba
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Maddalena Patrini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia and CNISM, Via Bassi 6, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bongiovanni
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia and INSTM, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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11
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Wu WQ, Chen D, McMaster WA, Cheng YB, Caruso RA. Solvent-Mediated Intragranular-Coarsening of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Thin Films toward High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31959-31967. [PMID: 28876043 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of dense and uniform perovskite films with large grains is crucial for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). High-quality CH3NH3PbI3 films were produced by a self-induced intragranular-coarsening approach. The perovskite precursor solution contained a Lewis base, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and was deposited using a gas-assisted, one-step, spin-coating method that was followed by a solvent vapor-assisted annealing treatment using a mix of DMSO and chlorobenzene (CBZ). Combining solvent-engineering with gas-assisted deposition helps to form intermediate crystalline entities upon evaporation of the parent solvent but retards the otherwise fast reaction between the precursor ingredients. Subsequent cosolvent annealing induces further grain-coarsening via a facilitated dissolution-precipitation process. This technique produced flat CH3NH3PbI3 films featuring large grain microstructures, with well-coarsened subgrains and a reduction of intragranular defects that minimized carrier recombination. The optimized CH3NH3PbI3 films exhibited enhanced crystallinity, excellent carrier transport and injection, as well as suppressed charge recombination. Benefiting from these advantages, PSCs based on the optimized perovskite films delivered a power conversion efficiency of 17.99% and a stabilized power output above 17.30%. This study presents an effective strategy for the fabrication of high-quality, hybrid perovskite films with potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Qiang Wu
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dehong Chen
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - William A McMaster
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel A Caruso
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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12
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Yang B, Dyck O, Ming W, Du MH, Das S, Rouleau CM, Duscher G, Geohegan DB, Xiao K. Observation of Nanoscale Morphological and Structural Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells by in Situ TEM. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32333-32340. [PMID: 27933837 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy were applied to systematically investigate morphological and structural degradation behaviors in perovskite films during different environmental exposure treatments. In situ TEM experiment indicates that vacuum itself is not likely to cause degradation in perovskites. In addition, these materials were found to degrade significantly when they were heated to ∼50-60 °C (i.e., a solar cell's field operating temperature) under illumination. This observation thus conveys a critically important message that the instability of perovskite solar cells at such a low temperature may limit their real field commercial applications. It was further unveiled that oxygen most likely attacks the CH3NH3+ organic moiety rather than the PbI6 component of perovskites during ambient air exposure at room temperature. This finding grants a deeper understanding of the perovskite degradation mechanism and suggests a way to prevent degradation of perovskites by tailoring the organic moiety component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ondrej Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Wenmei Ming
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mao-Hua Du
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Christopher M Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gerd Duscher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Chilvery A, Das S, Guggilla P, Brantley C, Sunda-Meya A. A perspective on the recent progress in solution-processed methods for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:650-658. [PMID: 27877911 PMCID: PMC5101873 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1226120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were developed in 2009 and have led to a number of significant improvements in clean energy technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has increased exponentially and currently stands at 22%. PSCs are transforming photovoltaic (PV) technology, outpacing many established PV technologies through their versatility and roll-to-roll manufacturing compatibility. The viability of low-temperature and solution-processed manufacturing has further improved their viability. This article provides a brief overview of the stoichiometry of perovskite materials, the engineering behind various modes of manufacturing by solution processing methods, and recommendations for future research to achieve large-scale manufacturing of high efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwith Chilvery
- Department of Physics and Dual Engineering, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Anderson Sunda-Meya
- Department of Physics and Dual Engineering, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Simpson MJ, Doughty B, Yang B, Xiao K, Ma YZ. Imaging Electronic Trap States in Perovskite Thin Films with Combined Fluorescence and Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1725-31. [PMID: 27103096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier trapping degrades the performance of organometallic halide perovskite solar cells. To characterize the locations of electronic trap states in a heterogeneous photoactive layer, a spatially resolved approach is essential. Here, we report a comparative study on methylammonium lead tri-iodide perovskite thin films subject to different thermal annealing times using a combined photoluminescence (PL) and femtosecond transient absorption microscopy (TAM) approach to spatially map trap states. This approach coregisters the initially populated electronic excited states with the regions that recombine radiatively. Although the TAM images are relatively homogeneous for both samples, the corresponding PL images are highly structured. The remarkable variation in the PL intensities as compared to transient absorption signal amplitude suggests spatially dependent PL quantum efficiency, indicative of trapping events. Detailed analysis enables identification of two trapping regimes: a densely packed trapping region and a sparse trapping area that appear as unique spatial features in scaled PL maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Simpson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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15
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Chen Y, He M, Peng J, Sun Y, Liang Z. Structure and Growth Control of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronics: From Polycrystalline Films to Single Crystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500392. [PMID: 27812463 PMCID: PMC5069589 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic-inorganic halide perovskites have sparked tremendous research interest because of their ground-breaking photovoltaic performance. The crystallization process and crystal shape of perovskites have striking impacts on their optoelectronic properties. Polycrystalline films and single crystals are two main forms of perovskites. Currently, perovskite thin films have been under intensive investigation while studies of perovskite single crystals are just in their infancy. This review article is concentrated upon the control of perovskite structures and growth, which are intimately correlated for improvements of not only solar cells but also light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. We begin with the survey of the film formation process of perovskites including deposition methods and morphological optimization avenues. Strategies such as the use of additives, thermal annealing, solvent annealing, atmospheric control, and solvent engineering have been successfully employed to yield high-quality perovskite films. Next, we turn to summarize the shape evolution of perovskites single crystals from three-dimensional large sized single crystals, two-dimensional nanoplates, one-dimensional nanowires, to zero-dimensional quantum dots. Siginificant functions of perovskites single crystals are highlighted, which benefit fundamental studies of intrinsic photophysics. Then, the growth mechanisms of the previously mentioned perovskite crystals are unveiled. Lastly, perspectives for structure and growth control of perovskites are outlined towards high-performance (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Chen
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Minhong He
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
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16
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Yang B, Keum J, Ovchinnikova OS, Belianinov A, Chen S, Du MH, Ivanov IN, Rouleau CM, Geohegan DB, Xiao K. Deciphering Halogen Competition in Organometallic Halide Perovskite Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5028-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shiyou Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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18
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Yang B, Mahjouri-Samani M, Rouleau CM, Geohegan DB, Xiao K. Low temperature synthesis of hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures for high performance perovskite solar cells by pulsed laser deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27067-27072. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High aspect-ratio TiO2 nanostructures directly assembled with pulsed laser deposition could improve interfacial contact for superior perovskite photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | | | | | - David B. Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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19
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Park NG. Methodologies for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. NANO CONVERGENCE 2016; 3:15. [PMID: 28191425 PMCID: PMC5271566 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-016-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the report on long-term durable solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012, perovskite solar cells based on lead halide perovskites having organic cations such as methylammonium CH3NH3PbI3 or formamidinium HC(NH2)2PbI3 have received great attention because of superb photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency exceeding 22 %. In this review, emergence of perovskite solar cell is briefly introduced. Since understanding fundamentals of light absorbers is directly related to their photovoltaic performance, opto-electronic properties of organo lead halide perovskites are investigated in order to provide insight into design of higher efficiency perovskite solar cells. Since the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell is found to depend significantly on perovskite film quality, methodologies for fabricating high quality perovskite films are particularly emphasized, including various solution-processes and vacuum deposition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746 Republic of Korea
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Shao F, Xu L, Tian Z, Xie Y, Wang Y, Sheng P, Wang D, Huang F. A modified two-step sequential deposition method for preparing perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05718g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent–solvent extracted (SSE) PbI2 film combined with the spin-spray method greatly enhances device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology
- State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute
- China
| | - Zhangliu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Yian Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology
- State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute
- China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
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