1
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Kunchur HS, Balakrishna MS. Platinum Assisted Tandem P-C Bond Cleavage and P-N Bond Formation in Amide Functionalized Bisphosphine o-Ph 2PC 6H 4C(O)N(H)C 6H 4PPh 2- o: Synthesis, Mechanistic, and Catalytic Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:857-868. [PMID: 34978187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of amide functionalized bisphosphine o-Ph2PC6H4C(O)N(H)C6H4PPh2-o (1) with platinum salts are described. Treatment of 1 with [Pt(COD)Cl2] yielded a chelate complex, [PtCl2{o-Ph2PC6H4C(O)N(H)C6H4PPh2-o}κ2-P,P] (2), which on subsequent treatment with LiHMDS formed a novel 1,2-azaphospholene-phosphine complex [Pt(C6H5)Cl{o-C6H4{C(O)N(o-PPh2(C6H4))P(Ph)}}κ2-P,P] (3) involving a tandem P-C bond cleavage and P-N bond formation. The same complex 3 on passing dry HCl gas afforded the dichloro complex [PtCl2{o-C6H4{C(O)N(o-PPh2(C6H4))P(Ph)}}κ2-P,P] (5). Complex 2 upon refluxing in toluene or treatment of 1 with [Pt(COD)Cl2] in the presence of a base at room temperature resulted in the pincer complex [PtCl{o-Ph2PC6H4C(O)N(C6H4PPh2-o)}κ3-P,N,P] (4). Reaction of 1 with [Pt(COD)ClMe] at room temperature also afforded the pincer complex [PtMe{o-Ph2PC6H4C(O)N(C6H4PPh2-o)}κ3-P,N,P] (6). Mechanistic studies on 1,2-azaphospholene formation showed the reductive elimination of LiCl to form a phosphonium salt that readily adds one of the P-C bonds oxidatively to the in situ generated Pt0 species to form a chelate complex 3. The analogous palladium complex [PdCl2{o-C6H4{C(O)N(o-PPh2(C6H4))P(Ph)}}κ2-P,P] (7) showed excellent catalytic activity toward N-alkylation of amines with alcohols with a very low catalyst loading (0.05 mol %), and the methodology is very efficient toward the gram-scale synthesis of many N-alkylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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2
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Kote BS, Kunchur HS, Radhakrishna L, Pandey MK, Balakrishna MS. Group 11 metal complexes of the dinucleating triazole appended bisphosphine 1,4-bis(5-(diisopropylphosphaneyl)-1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16782-16794. [PMID: 34766177 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a triazole appended dinucleating bisphosphine 1,4-bis(5-(diisopropylphosphaneyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene (2) and its coinage metal complexes are described. The dinucleating bisphosphine 2 was obtained by the temperature-controlled lithiation of 1,4-bis(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene (1a) and 1,4-bis(1-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene (1b) followed by the reaction with iPr2PCl. The reactions of 2 with copper(I) halides in 1 : 2 molar ratios yielded the [Cu(μ2-X)]2 dimeric complexes [{Cu(μ2-X)}2(PiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4] (3, X = Cl; 4, X = Br; and 5, X = I), whereas the reaction of 2 with AgBr resulted in the formation of hetero-cubane complex [{Ag4(μ3-Br)4}{(PiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4}2] (7). Similar reactions of 2 with AgX in 1 : 2 molar ratios yielded disilver complexes [{Ag(μ2-X)}2{(PiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4}] (6, X = Cl and 8, X = I). Treatment of 2 with AgOAc in a 1 : 2 molar ratio afforded a dinuclear complex [Ag2(μ2-OAc)2{(PiPr2N3PhC2)2(C6H4)}] (9) with one of the acetate ligands bridging the two metal centres in the side-on mode, whereas the other one adopting the end-on mode keeping the >CO group uncoordinated. The reaction of 2 with two equivalents of [AuCl(SMe2)] afforded the digold complex [(AuClPiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4] (10). The molecular structures of 2-5 and 7-10 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. Non-covalent interactions between Cu and Carene were observed in the molecular structures of 3, 4 and 5. These weak interactions were also assessed by DFT calculations in terms of their non-covalent interaction plots (NCI) and QTAIM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basvaraj S Kote
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Latchupatula Radhakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
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3
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Mikhaylov VN, Balova IA. Alternative Transformations of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of the Group 11 Metals in Transmetalation Reactions (A Review). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Kunchur HS, Radhakrishna L, Pandey MK, Balakrishna MS. Novel approach to benzo-fused 1,2-azaphospholene involving a Pd(II)-assisted tandem P-C bond cleavage and P-N bond formation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4835-4838. [PMID: 33861229 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New bisphosphine o-Ph2PC6H4C(O)N(H)C6H4PPh2-o (1) (Bala-HariPhos) showed a unique reactivity towards Pd(ii) resulting in a 1,2-azaphospholene complex, involving a tandem P-C bond cleavage, P-N bond formation and cyclization process via the elimination of PhH. Mechanistic details were investigated using NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations and kinetic data, and by SCXRD analysis. It involves the reductive elimination from a tautomerised complex to form a phosphonium salt followed by oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Latchupatula Radhakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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5
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Mixed-metallic Cu(I)-Ag(I) iodide based inorganic–organic hybrid: substitution-induced band-gap enlargement and emission enhancement. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Asada T, Hoshimoto Y, Ogoshi S. Rotation-Triggered Transmetalation on a Heterobimetallic Cu/Al N-Phosphine-Oxide-Substituted Imidazolylidene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9772-9784. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Asada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Olaru M, Kögel JF, Aoki R, Sakamoto R, Nishihara H, Lork E, Mebs S, Vogt M, Beckmann J. Tri- and Tetranuclear Metal-String Complexes with Metallophilic d 10 -d 10 Interactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:275-284. [PMID: 31584732 PMCID: PMC6972983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,6-F2 C6 H3 SiMe3 with Ph2 PLi provided 2,6-(Ph2 P)2 C6 H3 SiMe3 (1), which can be regarded as precursor for the novel anionic tridentate ligand [2,6-(Ph2 P)2 C6 H3 ]- (PCP)- . The reaction of 1 with [AuCl(tht)] (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) afforded 2,6-(Ph2 PAuCl)2 C6 H3 SiMe3 (2). The subsequent reaction of 2 with CsF proceeded with elimination of Me3 SiF and yielded the neutral tetranuclear complex linear-[Au4 Cl2 (PCP)2 ] (3) comprising a string-like arrangement of four Au atoms. Upon chloride abstraction from 3 with NaBArF 4 (ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ) in the presence of tht, the formation of the dicationic tetranuclear complex linear-[Au4 (PCP)2 (tht)2 ](BArF 4 )2 (4) was observed, in which the string-like structural motif is retained. Irradiation of 4 with UV light triggered a facile rearrangement in solution giving rise to the dicationic tetranuclear complex cyclo-[Au4 (PCP)2 (tht)2 ](BArF 4 ) (5), which comprises a rhomboidal motif of four Au atoms. In 3-5, the Au atoms are associated by a number of significant aurophilic interactions. The atom-economic and selective reaction of 3 with HgCl2 yielded the neutral trinuclear bimetallic complex [HgAu2 Cl3 (PCP)] (6) comprising significant metallophilic interactions between the Au and Hg atoms. Therefore, 6 may be also regarded as a metallopincer complex [ClHg(AuCAu)] between HgII and the anionic tridentate ligand [2,6-(Ph2 PAuCl)2 C6 H3 ]- (AuCAu)- containing a central carbanionic binding site and two "gold-arms" contributing pincer-type chelation trough metallophilic interactions. Compounds 1-6 were characterized experimentally by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography and computationally using a set of real-space bond indicators (RSBIs) derived from electron density (ED) methods including Atoms In Molecules (AIM), the Electron Localizability Indicator (ELI-D) as well as the Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Julius F. Kögel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Risa Aoki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
- JST-PRESTO4-1-8, Honcho, KawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für ExperimentalphysikFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
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8
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Srivastava R, Quadrelli EA, Camp C. Lability of Ta–NHC adducts as a synthetic route towards heterobimetallic Ta/Rh complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3120-3128. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights the reactivity of Ta–NHC adducts and the aptitude of the NHC motif to transfer from Ta to Rh which is used with profit as an efficient synthetic route to access early/late heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Srivastava
- Université de Lyon
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | | | - Clément Camp
- Université de Lyon
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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9
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Hsu LY, Liang Q, Wang Z, Kuo HH, Tai WS, Su SJ, Zhou X, Yuan Y, Chi Y. Bis-tridentate Ir III Phosphors Bearing Two Fused Five-Six-Membered Metallacycles: A Strategy to Improved Photostability of Blue Emitters. Chemistry 2019; 25:15375-15386. [PMID: 31573110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iridium complexes bearing chelating cyclometalates are popular choices as dopant emitters in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this contribution, we report a series of blue-emitting, bis-tridentate IrIII complexes bearing chelates with two fused five-six-membered metallacycles, which are in sharp contrast to the traditional designs of tridentate chelates that form the alternative, fused five-five metallacycles. Five IrIII complexes, Px-21-23, Cz-4, and Cz-5, have been synthesized that contain a coordinated dicarbene pincer chelate incorporating a methylene spacer and a dianionic chromophoric chelate possessing either a phenoxy or carbazolyl appendage to tune the coordination arrangement. All these tridentate chelates afford peripheral ligand-metal-ligand bite angles of 166-170°, which are larger than the typical bite angle of 153-155° observed for their five-five-coordinated tridentate counterparts, thereby leading to reduced geometrical distortion in the octahedral frameworks. Photophysical measurements and TD-DFT studies verified the inherent transition characteristics that give rise to high emission efficiency, and photodegradation experiments confirmed the improved stability in comparison with the benchmark fac-[Ir(ppy)3 ] in degassed toluene at room temperature. Phosphorescent OLED devices were also fabricated, among which the carbazolyl-functionalized emitter Cz-5 exhibited the best performance among all the studied bis-tridentate phosphors, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 18.7 % and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.145, 0.218), with a slightly reduced EQE of 13.7 % at 100 cd m-2 due to efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yang Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on, Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matter, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Qiumin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Hsin-Hung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on, Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matter, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shan Tai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on, Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matter, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on, Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matter, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
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10
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Simler T, Möbius K, Müller K, Feuerstein TJ, Gamer MT, Lebedkin S, Kappes MM, Roesky PW. Mono- and Dinuclear Coinage Metal Complexes Supported by an Imino-Pyridine-NHC Ligand: Structural and Photophysical Studies. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karen Möbius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael T. Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Ube H, Endo K, Sato H, Shionoya M. Synthesis of Hetero-multinuclear Metal Complexes by Site-Selective Redox Switching and Transmetalation on a Homo-multinuclear Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10384-10389. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Zhang S, Shang R, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Adachi Y, Ohshita J. Luminescent Di- and Tetranuclear Gold Complexes of Bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-Functionalized Dipyrido-Annulated N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6328-6335. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398527, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398527, Japan
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13
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Smith CA, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Singh I, Nazemi A, Li CH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4986-5056. [PMID: 30938514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christene A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Chikusa 464-8601 , Japan
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14
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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15
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Achar G, C. R. S, Patil SA, Małecki JG, Budagumpi S. Coumarin-substituted 1,2,4-triazole-derived silver(i) and gold(i) complexes: synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02927j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of coumarin-substituted 1,2,4-triazolium salts and their respective silver– and gold– N-heterocyclic carbene complexes have been reported. The complexes displayed promising anticancer activity with GI50 values of up to 0.354 μM and 8.5983 μM against MCF 7 and HT-29 cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Achar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Ramanagaram
- India
| | - Shahini C. R.
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Ramanagaram
- India
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Ramanagaram
- India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Department of Crystallography
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
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16
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Zhang S, Shang R, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Adachi Y, Ohshita J. Bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-functionalized dipyrido-annulated NHC towards copper(i) and silver(i). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12250-12256. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sterically rigid bis(phosphinyl)dipyrido-annulated NHC coordinates with Ag(i) and Cu(i) centres to form luminescent multinuclear complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
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17
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Cao L, Huang S, Liu W, Yan X. 4-Phosphino-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes: Stable Bridging Ligands for Coinage Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Ai P, Monakhov KY, van Leusen J, Kögerler P, Gourlaouen C, Tromp M, Welter R, Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P. Linear Cu I2 Pd 0 , Cu I Pd 02 , and Ag I2 Pd 0 Metal Chains Supported by Rigid N,N'-Diphosphanyl N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Metallophilic Interactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:8787-8796. [PMID: 29869809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective copper(I) to palladium(0) transmetallation of P-donors from the rigid N,N'-diphosphanyl-imidazol-2-ylidene C3 H2 [NP(tBu)2 ]2 (PCNHC P) was observed when known [Cu3 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)3 was reacted with [Pd(PPh3 )4 ]. When 1.2 equivalents of [Pd(PPh3 )4 ] was used, the product [Cu2 Pd(μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (2(OTf)2 ) was obtained, which features a CuI -CuI -Pd0 chain and appears to be the first linear heterotrinuclear complex with d10 -d10 interactions between Pd0 and CuI . When the Cu3 precursor was reacted with 3.0 equivalents of [Pd(PPh3 )4 ], the complex [CuPd2 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (3(OTf)2 ) was obtained, which, on the basis of magnetic measurements, DFT calculations, and computed nuclear shieldings, was formulated as containing a Pd0 -CuI -Pd0 chain with an electron hole delocalized over the whole cation, including the metal chain. Similarly, selective transmetallation of the P-donors in [Ag3 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)3 from silver to palladium (originating from [Pd(PPh3 )4 ]) gave the linear chain [Ag2 Pd(μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (5(OTf)2 ), which on the basis of NMR spectroscopy comprises an AgI -AgI -Pd0 metal core. However, X-ray diffraction data collected on various samples of 5(OTf)2 were modeled with 50:50 metal disorder at the terminal positions, corresponding to a (AgI /Pd0 )-AgI -(AgI /Pd0 ) formulation. Upon standing in solution, 5(OTf)2 transformed to 6(OTf)2 , the regioisomer of 5(OTf)2 in which the Pd center has migrated to the central position of an AgI -Pd0 -AgI chain. Prolonged standing in CH2 Cl2 or by reaction with [PtCl2 (NCMe)2 ] converts complex 6(OTf)2 to the AgI /PdII complex [Ag2 PdCl2 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (7(OTf)2 ). The structural data of 2(OTf)2 , 3(OTf)2 , and 7(OTf)2 establish significant heterometallophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ai
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Moniek Tromp
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Welter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire DECOMET, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, 12 rue du général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Institute for Advanced Study, USIAS, Université de Strasbourg, France.,Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens GR, 15771, Greece
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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19
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Lu T, Wang JY, Shi LX, Chen ZN, Chen XT, Xue ZL. Synthesis, structures and luminescence properties of amine-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) copper(i) and silver(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6742-6753. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear Ag(i), Cu(i) and heterometallic Cu(i)/Ag(i) complexes with the tridentate amine-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) were prepared, among which Cu(i)- and Cu/Ag complexes show luminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jin-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Lin-Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Zi-Ling Xue
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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20
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Ren X, Gourlaouen C, Wesolek M, Braunstein P. Tritopic NHC Precursors: Unusual Nickel Reactivity and Ethylene Insertion into a C(sp 3 )-H Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12557-12560. [PMID: 28758718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The imidazolium chloride [C3 H3 N(C3 H6 NMe2 )N{C(Me)(=NDipp)}]Cl (1; Dipp=2,6-diisopropyl phenyl), a potential precursor to a tritopic Nimine CNHC Namine pincer-type ligand, reacted with [Ni(cod)2 ] to give the NiI -NiI complex 2, which contains a rare cod-derived η3 -allyl-type bridging ligand. The implied intermediate formation of a nickel hydride through oxidative addition of the imidazolium C-H bond did not occur with the symmetrical imidazolium chloride [C3 H3 N2 {C(Me)(=NDipp)}2 ]Cl (3). Instead, a Ni-C(sp3 ) bond was formed, leading to the neutral Nimine CHNimine pincer-type complex Ni[C3 H3 N2 {C(Me)(=NDipp)}2 ]Cl (4). Theoretical studies showed that this highly unusual feature in nickel NHC chemistry is due to steric constraints induced by the N substituents, which prevent Ni-H bond formation. Remarkably, ethylene inserted into the C(sp3 )-H bond of 4 without nickel hydride formation, thus suggesting new pathways for the alkylation of non-activated C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ren
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marcel Wesolek
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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21
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Ren X, Gourlaouen C, Wesolek M, Braunstein P. Tritopic NHC Precursors: Unusual Nickel Reactivity and Ethylene Insertion into a C(sp
3
)–H Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ren
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Marcel Wesolek
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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22
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Valyaev DA, Willot J, Mangin LP, Zargarian D, Lugan N. Manganese-mediated synthesis of an NHC core non-symmetric pincer ligand and evaluation of its coordination properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10193-10196. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of N-(2-pyridyl)imidazole with [Cp(CO)2Mn(η2-P,C-Ph2PC(H)Ph)]BF4 followed by in situ photochemical demetallation leads to an NHC-core non-symmetric PĈN pro-ligand, whose aptitude to coordinate in a pincer mode was recognized in RhI, RhIII and NiII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérémy Willot
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Loïc P. Mangin
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
- Québec H3C 3J7
- Canada
| | - Davit Zargarian
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
- Québec H3C 3J7
- Canada
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- Toulouse Cedex 4
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23
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Benaissa I, Taakili R, Lugan N, Canac Y. A convenient access to N-phosphonio-substituted NHC metal complexes [M = Ag(i), Rh(i), Pd(ii)]. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12293-12305. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NHC Pd(ii) complexes featuring a propyl bridge were ionized by the introduction of a phosphonium moiety, which may coordinate to the metal center or remain pendant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idir Benaissa
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
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24
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Simler T, Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P. Non-symmetrical, potentially redox non-innocent imino NHC pyridine ‘pincers’ via a zinc ion template-assisted synthesis. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5955-5964. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ZnII-promoted modular synthesis allows access to new non-symmetrical, redox-active imino NHC pyridine pincer ligands. Radical anionic and dianionic redox states of the ligand are involved in its FeII complexes obtained from FeBr2/KC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg Cedex
| | - Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg Cedex
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg Cedex
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25
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Bouché M, Mordan M, Kariuki BM, Coles SJ, Christensen J, Newman PD. Mono- and dimeric complexes of an asymmetric heterotopic P,CNHC,pyr ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13347-60. [PMID: 27461718 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric heterotopic ligand (S-N(Me)CP) containing a central bicyclic, expanded-ring NHC with one pyridyl and one phosphine exo-substituent has been synthesised and its coordination chemistry with selected late transition metals investigated. The amidinium precursor [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 shows variable coordination modes with Ag(i), Cu(i) and Au(i) depending on the L : M ratio. The reaction of two mols of [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 with [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4, AgBF4 or Au(THT)Cl gives the bis-ligand complexes [Cu(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)2(CH3CN)2]BF4·(PF6)2, 1, and [M(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)2]X·(PF6)2 (3: M = Ag, X = BF4; 6: M = Au, X = Cl) respectively. The 1 : 1 reaction of [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 with AgOTf gave the head-to-tail dimer H,T-[Ag2(μ-N,P-N(Me)CHP)2(μ-OTf)2](PF6)2, 2, whereas the analogous reaction with Au(THT)Cl gave monomeric [Au(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)Cl]PF6, 5. Complex 2 was converted to H,T-[Ag2(μ-C,P-N(Me)CP)2](PF6)2, 4, upon addition of base, while 6 gave [Au(κ-C-N(Me)CP)2]Cl, 8, when treated likewise. Reaction of [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 with Ni(1,5-COD)2 gave the oxidative addition/insertion product [Ni(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)(η(3)-C8H13)]PF6, 9, which converted to [Ni(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)Cl]PF6, 10, upon exposure of a CHCl3 solution to air. Complex 10 showed conformational isomerism that was also present in [Rh(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)(CO)]PF6, 14, prepared from the precursor complex [Rh(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)(acac)(CO)]PF6, 13, upon heating in C6H5Cl. [Pt(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)(Cl)]PF6, 12, derived from trans-[Pt(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)2(Cl)2](PF6)2, 11, was isolated as a single conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bouché
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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26
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Simler T, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Coinage metal complexes with bridging hybrid phosphine-NHC ligands: synthesis of di- and tetra-nuclear complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5122-39. [PMID: 26886084 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of P-NHC-type hybrid ligands containing both PR2 and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donors on meta-bis-substituted phenylene backbones, L(Cy), L(tBu) and L(Ph) (R = Cy, tBu, Ph, respectively), was accessed through a modular synthesis from a common precursor, and their coordination chemistry with coinage metals was explored and compared. Metallation of L(Ph)·n(HBr) (n = 1, 2) with Ag2O gave the pseudo-cubane [Ag4Br4(L(Ph))2], isostructural to [Ag4Br4(L(R))2] (R = Cy, tBu) (T. Simler, P. Braunstein and A. A. Danopoulos, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 13691), whereas metallation of ·HBF4 (R = Ph, tBu) led to the dinuclear complexes [Ag2(L(R))2](BF4)2 which, in the solid state, feature heteroleptic Ag centres and a 'head-to-tail' (HT) arrangement of the bridging ligands. In solution, interconversion with the homoleptic 'head-to-head' (HH) isomers is facilitated by ligand fluxionality. 'Head-to-tail' [Cu2Br2(L(R))2] (R = Cy, tBu) dinuclear complexes were obtained from L(R)·HBr and [Cu5(Mes)5], Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, which also feature bridging ligands and heteroleptic Cu centres. Although the various ligands L(R)l ed to structurally analogous complexes for R = Cy, tBu and Ph, the rates of dynamic processes occurring in solution are dependent on R, with faster rates for R = Ph. Transmetallation of both NHC and P donor groups from [Ag4Br4(L(tBu))2] to AuI by reaction with [AuCl(THT)] (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) led to L(tBu) transfer and to the dinuclear complex [Au2Cl2L(tBu)] with one L(tBu) ligand bridging the two Au centres. Except for the silver pseudo-cubanes, all other complexes do not exhibit metallophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France and Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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