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Payce EN, Knighton RC, Platts JA, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Pope SJA. Luminescent Pt(II) Complexes Using Unsymmetrical Bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindolate Analogues. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8273-8285. [PMID: 38656154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A series of ligands based upon a 1,3-diimino-isoindoline framework have been synthesized and investigated as pincer-type (N∧N∧N) chelates for Pt(II). The synthetic route allows different combinations of heterocyclic moieties (including pyridyl, thiazole, and isoquinoline) to yield new unsymmetrical ligands. Pt(L1-6)Cl complexes were obtained and characterized using a range of spectroscopic and analytical techniques: 1H and 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis and luminescence spectroscopies, elemental analyses, high-resolution mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and one example via X-ray crystallography which showed a distorted square planar environment at Pt(II). Cyclic voltammetry on the complexes showed one irreversible oxidation between +0.75 and +1 V (attributed to Pt2+/3+ couple) and a number of ligand-based reductions; in four complexes, two fully reversible reductions were noted between -1.4 and -1.9 V. Photophysical studies showed that Pt(L1-6)Cl absorbs efficiently in the visible region through a combination of ligand-based bands and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer features at 400-550 nm, with assignments supported by DFT calculations. Excitation at 500 nm led to luminescence (studied in both solutions and solid state) in all cases with different combinations of the heterocyclic donors providing tuning of the emission wavelength around 550-678 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie N Payce
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
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2
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Andrews KG, Horton PN, Coles SJ. Programmable synthesis of organic cages with reduced symmetry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6536-6543. [PMID: 38699263 PMCID: PMC11062111 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrating symmetry-reducing methods into self-assembly methodology is desirable to efficiently realise the full potential of molecular cages as hosts and catalysts. Although techniques have been explored for metal organic (coordination) cages, rational strategies to develop low symmetry organic cages remain limited. In this article, we describe rules to program the shape and symmetry of organic cage cavities by designing edge pieces that bias the orientation of the amide linkages. We apply the rules to synthesise cages with well-defined cavities, supported by evidence from crystallography, spectroscopy and modelling. Access to low-symmetry, self-assembled organic cages such as those presented, will widen the current bottleneck preventing study of organic enzyme mimics, and provide synthetic tools for novel functional material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mount Joy, South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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3
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Stokes EC, Shoetan IO, Gillman AM, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Woodbury SE, Fallis IA, Pope SJA. Alkyl chain functionalised Ir(iii) complexes: synthesis, properties and behaviour as emissive dopants in microemulsions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6987-6997. [PMID: 38414995 PMCID: PMC10897649 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Six iridium(iii) complexes of the general form [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]X (where C^N = cyclometalating ligand; N^N = disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridine), and incorporating alkyl chains of differing lengths (C8, C10, C12), have been synthesised and characterised. The complexes have been characterised using a variety of methods including spectroscopies (NMR, IR, UV-Vis, luminescence) and analytical techniques (high resolution mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction). Two dodecyl-functionalised complexes were studied for their behaviour in aqueous solutions. Although the complexes did not possess sufficient solubility to determine their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in water, they were amenable for use as emissive dopants in a N-methyl C12 substituted imidazolium salt microemulsion carrier system with a CMC = 36.5 mM. The investigation showed that the metal doped microemulsions had increased CMCs of 40.4 and 51.3 mM and luminescent properties characterised by the dopant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Stokes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Ibrahim O Shoetan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Alice M Gillman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- Chemistry, UK National Crystallographic Service, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ England UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- Chemistry, UK National Crystallographic Service, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ England UK
| | - Simon E Woodbury
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory Sellafield, Seascale Cumbria CA20 1PG UK
| | - Ian A Fallis
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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4
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Orton JB, Diouf N, Gueye RS, Gaye M, Thiam IE, Coles SJ. Synthesis and crystal structures of two related Co and Mn complexes: a celebration of collaboration between the universities of Dakar and Southampton. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:1109-1114. [PMID: 38313129 PMCID: PMC10833403 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023009805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and structures of two transition-metal complexes involving 2-(2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)benzimidazole (2hpbi - a ligand of inter-est for its photoluminescent applications), with cobalt, namely, bis-[μ-2-(1H-1,3-benzo-diazol-2-yl)phenolato]bis-[ethanol(thio-cyanato)-cobalt(II)], [Co2(C13H9N2O)2(NCS)2(C2H6O)2], (1), and manganese, namely, bis-[μ-2-(1H-1,3-benzo-diazol-2-yl)phenolato]bis-{[2-(1H-1,3-benzo-diazol-2-yl)phenolato](thio-cyanato)-mang-an-ese(III)} dihydrate, [Mn2(C13H9N2O)4(NCS)2]·2H2O, (2). These structures are two recent examples of a fruitful collaboration between researchers at the Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique/Organic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory (LCCO), University of Dakar, Senegal and the National Crystallography Service (NCS), School of Chemistry, University Southampton, UK. This productive partnership was forged through meeting at Pan-African Conferences on Crystallography and quickly grew as the plans for the AfCA (African Crystallographic Association) developed. This article therefore also showcases this productive partnership, in celebration of the IUCr's 75 year anniversary and the recent inclusion of AfCA as a Regional Associate of the IUCr.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Orton
- National Crystallography Service (NCS), Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ngone Diouf
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique (LCCO), Department of Chemistry, University of Dakar, PB 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rokhaya S. Gueye
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique (LCCO), Department of Chemistry, University of Dakar, PB 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Gaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique (LCCO), Department of Chemistry, University of Dakar, PB 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Elhadji Thiam
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique (LCCO), Department of Chemistry, University of Dakar, PB 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National Crystallography Service (NCS), Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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5
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Aragoni MC, Podda E, Chaudhary S, Bhasin AKK, Bhasin KK, Coles SJ, Orton JB, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. An Experimental and Theoretical Insight into I 2 /Br 2 Oxidation of Bis(pyridin-2-yl)Diselane and Ditellane. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300836. [PMID: 37843415 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity between bis(pyridin-2-yl)diselane o Py2 Se2 and ditellane o Py2 Te2 (L1 and L2, respectively; o Py=pyridyn-2-yl) and I2 /Br2 is discussed. Single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the reaction of L1 with I2 yielded [(HL1+ )(I- )⋅5/2I2 ]∞ (1) in which monoprotonated cations HL1+ template a self-assembled infinite pseudo-cubic polyiodide 3D-network, while the reaction with Br2 yielded the dibromide Ho PySeII Br2 (2). The oxidation of L2 with I2 and Br2 yielded the compounds Ho PyTeII I2 (3) and Ho PyTeIV Br4 (6), respectively, whose structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-Raman spectroscopy measurements are consistent with a 3c-4e description of all the X-Ch-X three-body systems (Ch=Se, Te; X=Br, I) in compounds 2, 3, Ho PyTeII Br2 (5), and 6. The structural and spectroscopic observations are supported by extensive theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level that were employed to study the electronic structure of the investigated compounds, the thermodynamic aspects of their formation, and the role of noncovalent σ-hole halogen and chalcogen bonds in the X⋅⋅⋅X, X⋅⋅⋅Ch and Ch⋅⋅⋅Ch interactions evidenced structurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aman K K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Sector 82 A, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Kuldip K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James B Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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6
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Vainauskas J, Borchers TH, Arhangelskis M, McCormick McPherson LJ, Spilfogel TS, Hamzehpoor E, Topić F, Coles SJ, Perepichka DF, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Halogen bonding with carbon: directional assembly of non-derivatised aromatic carbon systems into robust supramolecular ladder architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13031-13041. [PMID: 38023516 PMCID: PMC10664517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon, although the central element in organic chemistry, has been traditionally neglected as a target for directional supramolecular interactions. The design of supramolecular structures involving carbon-rich molecules, such as arene hydrocarbons, has been limited almost exclusively to non-directional π-stacking, or derivatisation with heteroatoms to introduce molecular assembly recognition sites. As a result, the predictable assembly of non-derivatised, carbon-only π-systems using directional non-covalent interactions remains an unsolved fundamental challenge of solid-state supramolecular chemistry. Here, we propose and validate a different paradigm for the reliable assembly of carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular architectures: not through non-directional π-stacking, but via specific and directional halogen bonding. We present a systematic experimental, theoretical and database study of halogen bonds to carbon-only π-systems (C-I⋯πC bonds), focusing on the synthesis and structural analysis of cocrystals with diversely-sized and -shaped non-derivatised arenes, from one-ring (benzene) to 15-ring (dicoronylene) polycyclic atomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and fullerene C60, along with theoretical calculations and a systematic analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database. This study establishes C-I⋯πC bonds as directional interactions to arrange planar and curved carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular motifs. In >90% of herein presented structures, the C-I⋯πC bonds to PAHs lead to a general ladder motif, in which the arenes act as the rungs and halogen bond donors as the rails, establishing a unique example of a supramolecular synthon based on carbon-only molecules. Besides fundamental importance in the solid-state and supramolecular chemistry of arenes, this synthon enables access to materials with exciting properties based on simple, non-derivatised aromatic systems, as seen from large red and blue shifts in solid-state luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence upon cocrystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Laura J McCormick McPherson
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Toni S Spilfogel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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Fitzgerald SA, Payce EN, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Pope SJA. 2-(Thienyl)quinoxaline derivatives and their application in Ir(III) complexes yielding tuneable deep red emitters. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16480-16491. [PMID: 37874197 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of eleven different 2-(thienyl)quinoxaline species that incorporate different points of functionality, including at the thiophene or quinoxaline rings, are described. These species display variable fluorescence properties in the visible region (λem = 401-491 nm) depending upon the molecular structures and extent of conjugation. The series of 2-(thienyl)quinoxaline species were then investigated as cyclometalating agents for Ir(III) to yield [Ir(C^N)2(bipy)]PF6 (where C^N = the cyclometalated ligand; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Eight complexes were successfully isolated and fully characterised by an array of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Two Ir(III) examples were structurally characterised in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction; both structures confirmed the proposed formulations and coordination spheres in each case showing that the thiophene coordinates via a Ir-C bond. The photophysical properties of the complexes revealed that each complex is luminescent under ambient conditions with a range of emission wavelengths observed (665-751 nm) indicating that electronic tuning can be achieved via both the thienyl and quinoxaline moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Ellie N Payce
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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8
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Yao X, Zhang H, Kong F, Hinaut A, Pawlak R, Okuno M, Graf R, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Meyer E, Bogani L, Bonn M, Wang HI, Müllen K, Narita A. N=8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons: Solution Synthesis and High Charge Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312610. [PMID: 37750665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as promising candidates for nanoelectronic devices. Low band gap (<1 eV) GNRs are particularly important when considering the Schottky barrier in device performance. Here, we demonstrate the first solution synthesis of 8-AGNRs through a carefully designed arylated polynaphthalene precursor. The efficiency of the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the tailor-made polymer precursor into 8-AGNRs was validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV/Vis-near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy, and further supported by the synthesis of naphtho[1,2,3,4-ghi]perylene derivatives (1 and 2) as subunits of 8-AGNR, with a width of 0.86 nm as suggested by the X-ray single crystal analysis. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and solid-state NMR analyses provided further structural support for 8-AGNR. The resulting 8-AGNR exhibited a remarkable NIR absorption extending up to ∼2400 nm, corresponding to an optical band gap as low as ∼0.52 eV. Moreover, optical-pump TeraHertz-probe spectroscopy revealed charge-carrier mobility in the dc limit of ∼270 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the 8-AGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masanari Okuno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter N Horton
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
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McGown A, Nafie J, Otayfah M, Hassell-Hart S, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Banks R, Marsh GP, Maple HJ, Kostakis GE, Proietti Silvestri I, Colbon P, Spencer J. Chirality: a key parameter in chemical probes. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:716-721. [PMID: 37799583 PMCID: PMC10549247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many small molecule bioactive and marketed drugs are chiral. They are often synthesised from commercially available chiral building blocks. However, chirality is sometimes incorrectly assigned by manufacturers with consequences for the end user ranging from: experimental irreproducibility, wasted time on synthesising the wrong product and reanalysis, to the added cost of purchasing the precursor and resynthesis of the correct stereoisomer. Further on, this could lead to loss of reputation, loss of funding, to safety and ethical concerns due to potential in vivo administration of the wrong form of a drug. It is our firm belief that more stringent control of chirality be provided by the supplier and, if needed, requested by the end user, to minimise the potential issues mentioned above. Certification of chirality would bring much needed confidence in chemical structure assignment and could be provided by a variety of techniques, from polarimetry, chiral HPLC, using known chiral standards, vibrational circular dichroism, and x-ray crystallography. A few case studies of our brushes with wrong chirality assignment are shown as well as some examples of what we believe to be good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGown
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Jordan Nafie
- Biotools, Inc., 17546 Beeline Highway Jupiter Florida 33458 USA
| | - Mohammed Otayfah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Rebecca Banks
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - Graham P Marsh
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - Hannah J Maple
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - George E Kostakis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | | | - Paul Colbon
- Liverpool ChiroChem Ltd, The Heath Business & Technical Park Runcorn Cheshire WA7 4QX UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
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10
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Pintus A, Aragoni MC, Carcangiu G, Caria V, Coles SJ, Dodd E, Giacopetti L, Gimeno D, Lippolis V, Meloni P, Murgia S, Navarro Ezquerra A, Podda E, Urru C, Arca M. Ammonium N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate (AmPicOxam): A Novel Precursor of Calcium Oxalate Coating for Carbonate Stone Substrates. Molecules 2023; 28:5768. [PMID: 37570738 PMCID: PMC10421195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate (AmPicOxam), synthesized from O-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate, was spectroscopically and structurally characterized and assayed as a novel precursor for the protection and consolidation of carbonate stone substrates. An in-depth characterization of treated and untreated biomicritic limestone and white Carrara marble samples was carried out by means of SEM microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, helium pycnometry, determination of water transport properties, and pull-off tests. The improved solubility (1.00 M, 16.5% w/w) of the title compound with respect to ammonium oxalate (0.4 M, 5% w/w) results in the formation of a thicker protective coating of calcium oxalate (CaOx) dihydrate (weddellite) on marble and biomicrite samples after the treatment with 5% and 12% w/w water solutions, producing a reduction in the stone porosity and increased cohesion. Theoretical calculations were carried out at the DFT level to investigate both the electronic structure of the N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate anion and the hydrolysis reaction leading from AmPicOxam to CaOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - M. Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Gianfranco Carcangiu
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e Del Clima (ISAC), UOS di Cagliari c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;
| | - Veronica Caria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (S.J.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Eleanor Dodd
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (S.J.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Laura Giacopetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Domingo Gimeno
- Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Paola Meloni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy;
- Laboratorio Colle di Bonaria, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Ravenna snc, 09125 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Simone Murgia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Antonia Navarro Ezquerra
- Departamento de Tecnología de la Arquitectura, EPSEB-UPC, Avda. Doctor Marañón, 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Claudia Urru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
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Carroll RC, Harrowven DC, Pearce JE, Coles SJ. A systematic study of the interplay between guest molecule structure and intermolecular interactions in crystalline sponges. IUCrJ 2023; 10:497-508. [PMID: 37409807 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of the crystalline sponge {[(ZnI2)3(tpt)2·x(solvent)]n} method has enabled characterization of a novel family of synthetic organic oils. The systematic structural differences and diversity of functional groups offered by 13 related molecular adsorbates provide a detailed quantitative understanding of the relationship between the guest structure, its conformation, and the type of intermolecular interactions adopted with neighbouring guests and the host framework. This analysis is extended to assess the connection of these factors to the resulting quality indicators for a particular molecular structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Carroll
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David C Harrowven
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James E Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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12
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Jackson M, Thomas SD, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Owen GR. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Copper Complexes Containing "R-Substituted" Bis-7-Azaindolyl Borate Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:4825. [PMID: 37375380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of scorpionate ligands based on borates containing the 7-azaindole heterocycle is relatively unexplored. Thus, there is a requirement to further understand their coordination chemistry. This article outlines the synthesis and characterization of a family of complexes containing anionic flexible scorpionate ligands of the type [(R)(bis-7-azaindolyl)borohydride]- ([RBai]-), where R = Me, Ph or naphthyl. The three ligands were coordinated to a series of copper(I) complexes containing a phosphine co-ligand to form the complexes, [Cu(MeBai)(PPh3)] (1), [Cu(PhBai)(PPh3)] (2), [Cu(NaphthBai)(PPh3)] (3), [Cu(MeBai)(PCy3)] (4), [Cu(PhBai)(PCy3)] (5) and [Cu(NaphthBai)(PCy3)] (6). Additional copper(II) complexes, namely, [Cu(MeBai)2] (7) and [Cu(PhBai)2] (8), were obtained during attempts to obtain single crystals from complexes 4 and 2, respectively. Complexes 7 and 8 were also prepared independently from CuCl2 and two equivalents of the corresponding Li[RBai] salt alongside an additional complex, namely, [Cu(NaphthBai)2] (9). The copper(I) and copper(II) complexes were characterized using spectroscopic and analytical methods. Furthermore, a crystal structure was obtained for eight of the nine complexes. In all cases, the boron-based ligand was found to bind to the metal centers via a κ3-N,N,H coordination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Jackson
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Simon D Thomas
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gareth R Owen
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, UK
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Chen Q, Thompson AL, Christensen KE, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Anderson HL. β,β-Directly Linked Porphyrin Rings: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Fullerene Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11859-11865. [PMID: 37201942 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic porphyrin oligomers have been studied as models for photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes and as potential receptors for supramolecular chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of unprecedented β,β-directly linked cyclic zinc porphyrin oligomers, the trimer (CP3) and tetramer (CP4), by Yamamoto coupling of a 2,3-dibromoporphyrin precursor. Their three-dimensional structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The minimum-energy geometries of CP3 and CP4 have propeller and saddle shapes, respectively, as calculated using density functional theory. Their different geometries result in distinct photophysical and electrochemical properties. The smaller dihedral angles between the porphyrin units in CP3, compared with CP4, result in stronger π-conjugation, splitting the ultraviolet-vis absorption bands and shifting them to longer wavelengths. Analysis of the crystallographic bond lengths indicates that the central benzene ring of the CP3 is partially aromatic [harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) 0.52], whereas the central cyclooctatetraene ring of the CP4 is non-aromatic (HOMA -0.02). The saddle-shaped structure of CP4 makes it a ditopic receptor for fullerenes, with affinity constants of (1.1 ± 0.4) × 105 M-1 for C70 and (2.2 ± 0.1) × 104 M-1 for C60, respectively, in toluene solution at 298 K. The formation of a 1:2 complex with C60 is confirmed by NMR titration and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter N Horton
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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14
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Ayyappan R, Das UK, Abdalghani I, Da Costa RC, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Owen GR. Hydroxypyridine/Pyridone Interconversions within Ruthenium Complexes and Their Application in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6704-6710. [PMID: 37058454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of a new ligand 6-DiPPon (6-diisopropylphosphino-2-pyridone) with 0.5 equiv of [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 resulted in the formation of a mixture of [RuCl2(p-cymene)(κ1-P-6-DiPPon)]2 (1) and [RuCl(p-cymene)(κ2-P,N-6-DiPPin)]Cl ([2]Cl) (where 6-DiPPin = 6-diisopropylphosphino-2-hydroxypyridine). The ratio between the two products can be controlled by the nature of the solvent. The similar reaction between 6-DiPPon and [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 in the presence of AgOTf and Na[BArF24] (where BArF24 = [{3,5-(CF3)2C6H3}4B]-) resulted in the formation of the complexes [RuCl(p-cymene)(κ2-P,N-6-DiPPin)]OTf, ([2]OTf) and [RuCl(p-cymene)(κ2-P,N-6-DiPPin)]BArF24 ([2]BArF24), respectively. Reactions between complex [2]Cl, [2]OTf, or [2]BArF24 and a base (either DBU or NaOMe) resulted in the deprotonation of the hydroxyl functional group to form a novel neutral orange-colored dearomatized complex, 3. The identity of complex 3 was confirmed as [RuCl(p-cymene)(κ2-P,N-6-DiPPon*)], where 6-DiPPon* is the anionic species (6-diisopropylphosphino-2-oxo-pyridinide), which contains the deprotonated moiety. The new 6-DiPPon ligand and its corresponding air stable half-sandwich derivative ruthenium complexes 1, [2]OTf, [2]BArF24, and 3 were all isolated in good yields and fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The interconversions between the neutral and anionic forms of the ligands 6-DiPPon, 6-DiPPin, and 6-DiPPon* offer the potential for novel secondary sphere interactions and proton shuttling reactivity. The consequences for this have been explored in the activation of H2 and the subsequent catalytic hydrogenations of CO2 into formate salts in the presence of a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Ayyappan
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, U.K
| | - Uttam Kumar Das
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, U.K
| | - Issam Abdalghani
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, U.K
| | | | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Gareth R Owen
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4AT, U.K
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15
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Beckett MA, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Rixon TA. Structural (XRD) Characterization and an Analysis of H-Bonding Motifs in Some Tetrahydroxidohexaoxidopentaborate(1-) Salts of N-Substituted Guanidinium Cations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073273. [PMID: 37050036 PMCID: PMC10096507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of six new substituted guanidium tetrahydroxidohexaoxidopentaborate(1-) salts are reported: [C(NH2)2(NHMe)][B5O6(OH)4]·H2O (1), [C(NH2)2(NH{NH2})][B5O6(OH)4] (2), [C(NH2)2(NMe2)][B5O6(OH)4] (3), [C(NH2)(NMe2)2][B5O6(OH)4] (4), [C(NHMe)(NMe2)2][B5O6(OH)4]·B(OH)3 (5), and [TBDH][B5O6(OH)4] (6) (TBD = 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0]dec-5-ene). Compounds 1-6 were prepared as crystalline salts from basic aqueous solution via self-assembly processes from B(OH)3 and the appropriate substituted cation. Compounds 1-6 were characterized by spectroscopic (NMR and IR) and by single-crystal XRD studies. A thermal (TGA) analysis on compounds 1-3 and 6 demonstrated that they thermally decomposed via a multistage process to B2O3 at >650 °C. The low temperature stage (<250 °C) was endothermic and corresponded to a loss of H2O. Reactant stoichiometry, solid-state packing, and H-bonding interactions are all important in assembling these structures. An analysis of H-bonding motifs in known unsubstituted guanidinium salts [C(NH2)3]2[B4O5(OH)4]·2H2O, [C(NH2)3][B5O6(OH)4]·H2O, and [C(NH2)3]3[B9O12(OH)6] and in compounds 1-6 revealed that two important H-bonding R22(8) motifs competed to stabilize the observed structures. The guanidinium cation formed charge-assisted pincer cation-anion H-bonded rings as a major motif in [C(NH2)3]2[B4O5(OH)4]·2H2O and [C(NH2)3]3[B9O12(OH)6], whereas the anion-anion ring motif was dominant in [C(NH2)3][B5O6(OH)4]·H2O and in compounds 1-6. This behaviour was consistent with the stoichiometry of the salt and packing effects also strongly influencing their solid-state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Beckett
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Thomas A Rixon
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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16
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Sosa-Vargas L, Coles SJ, Tizzard GJ, Chambrier I, Cook MJ, Cammidge AN. Synthesis and characterization of lead metallated non-peripherally substituted octa-octyl tetrabenzo(aza)porphyrins showing face-to-face columnar stacking in the crystal phase. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2023. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424623500876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Abstract
Molecular materials based on small organic molecules often require advanced structural analysis, beyond the capability of spectroscopic techniques, to fully characterise them. In such cases, diffraction methods such as single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), are one of the most powerful tools available to researchers, providing molecular and structural elucidation at atomic level resolution, including absolute stereochemistry. However SCXRD, and related diffraction methods, are heavily dependent on the availability of suitable, high-quality crystals, thus crystallisation often becomes the major bottleneck in preparing samples. Following a summary of classical methods for the crystallisation of small organic molecules, this review will focus on a number of recently developed advanced methods for crystalline material sample preparation for SCXRD. This review will cover two main areas of modern small organic molecule crystallisation, namely the inclusion of molecules within host complexes (e.g., "crystalline sponge" and tetraaryladamantane based inclusion chaperones) and the use of high-throughput crystallisation, employing "under-oil" approaches (e.g., microbatch under-oil and ENaCt). Representative examples have been included for each technique, together with a discussion of their relative advantages and limitations to aid the reader in selecting the most appropriate technique to overcome a specific analytical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Metherall
- Newcastle University, Chemistry - School of Natural Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - R C Carroll
- University of Southampton, School of Chemistry, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S J Coles
- University of Southampton, School of Chemistry, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - M J Hall
- Newcastle University, Chemistry - School of Natural Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - M R Probert
- Newcastle University, Chemistry - School of Natural Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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18
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Essien NB, Galvácsi A, Kállay C, Al-Hilaly Y, González-Méndez R, Akien GR, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Besora M, Kostakis GE. Fluorine-based Zn salan complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4044-4057. [PMID: 36880418 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
We synthesised and characterised the racemic and chiral versions of two Zn salan fluorine-based complexes from commercially available materials. The complexes are susceptible to absorbing H2O from the atmosphere. In solution (DMSO-H2O) and at the millimolar level, experimental and theoretical studies identify that these complexes exist in a dimeric-monomeric equilibrium. We also investigated their ability to sense amines via19F NMR. In CDCl3 or d6-DMSO, strongly coordinating molecules (H2O or DMSO) are the limiting factor in using these easy-to-make complexes as chemosensory platforms since their exchange with analytes requires an extreme excess of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nsikak B Essien
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Antal Galvácsi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kállay
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Youssra Al-Hilaly
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ramón González-Méndez
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Geoffrey R Akien
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 71BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 71BJ, UK
| | - Maria Besora
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - George E Kostakis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Fitzgerald SA, Xiao X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Knighton RC, Ward BD, Pope SJA. Organometallic Platinum(II) Photosensitisers that Demonstrate Ligand-Modulated Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Energy Upconversion Efficiencies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203241. [PMID: 36394514 PMCID: PMC10107691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylquinoxaline ligands have been synthesised that introduce either CF3 or OCF3 electron-withdrawing groups at different positions of the phenyl ring. These ligands were investigated as cyclometalating reagents for platinum(II) to give neutral complexes of the form [Pt(C^N)(acac)] (in which C^N=cyclometalating ligand; acac=acetyl acetonate). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples showed that the complexes adopt an approximate square planar geometry. All examples revealed strong Pt-Pt linear contacts of 3.2041(6), 3.2199(3) and 3.2586(2) Å. The highly coloured complexes display efficient visible absorption at 400-500 nm (ϵ ≈5000 M-1 cm-1 ) and orange red photoluminescent characteristics (λem =603-620 nm; Φem ≤37 %), which were subtly tuned by the ligand. Triplet emitting character was confirmed by microsecond luminescence lifetimes and the photogeneration of singlet oxygen with quantum efficiencies up to 57 %. Each complex was investigated as a photosensitiser for triplet-triplet annihilation energy upconversion using 9,10-diphenylanthracene as the annihilator species: a range of good upconversion efficiencies (ΦUC 5.9-14.1 %) were observed and shown to be strongly influenced by the ligand structure in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Benjamin D Ward
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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20
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Audsley G, Carpenter H, Essien NB, Lai-Morrice J, Al-Hilaly Y, Serpell LC, Akien GR, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Ulldemolins CP, Kostakis GE. Chiral Co 3Y Propeller-Shaped Chemosensory Platforms Based on 19F-NMR. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2680-2693. [PMID: 36716401 PMCID: PMC9930122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two propeller-shaped chiral CoIII3YIII complexes built from fluorinated ligands are synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD), IR, UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), and NMR (1H, 13C, and 19F). This work explores the sensing and discrimination abilities of these complexes, thus providing an innovative sensing method using a 19F NMR chemosensory system and opening new directions in 3d/4f chemistry. Control experiments and theoretical studies shed light on the sensing mechanism, while the scope and limitations of this method are discussed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Audsley
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Harry Carpenter
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Nsikak B. Essien
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - James Lai-Morrice
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Youssra Al-Hilaly
- Sussex
Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK,Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah
University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Louise C. Serpell
- Sussex
Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Geoffrey R. Akien
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK
National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 71BJ, UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 71BJ, UK
| | | | - George E. Kostakis
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK,
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21
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Stawski W, Van Raden JM, Patrick CW, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Anderson HL. Strained Porphyrin Tape-Cycloparaphenylene Hybrid Nanorings. Org Lett 2023; 25:378-383. [PMID: 36626241 PMCID: PMC9872170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
V-Shaped porphyrin dimers, with masked p-phenylene bridges, undergo efficient oxidative coupling to form meso-meso linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers. Reductive aromatization unmasks the p-phenylenes, increasing the strain. Oxidation then fuses the porphyrin dimers, providing a nanoring with curved walls. The strain in this macrocycle bends the p-phenylene and fused porphyrin dimer units (radii of curvature of 11.4 and 19.0 Å, respectively), but it does not significantly alter the electronic structure of the fused porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Stawski
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Connor W. Patrick
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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22
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Powell RE, Lees MR, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Yuan Q, van Koningsbruggen PJ. Fe III in the high-spin state in dimethylammonium bis[3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazonato(2-)-κ 3O 2,N 1,S]ferrate(III). Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:18-24. [PMID: 36602017 PMCID: PMC9813924 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229622011597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure (100 K) of the title compound, [(CH3)2NH2][Fe(C10H11O2N3S)2], are reported. The asymmetric unit consists of an octahedral [FeIII(L)2]- fragment, where L2- is 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazonate(2-), and a dimethylammonium cation. Each L2- ligand binds with the thiolate S, the imine N and the phenolate O atoms as donors, resulting in an FeIIIS2N2O2 chromophore. The ligands are orientated in two perpendicular planes, with the O and S atoms in cis positions, and mutually trans N atoms. The FeIII ion is in the high-spin state at 100 K. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements (5-320 K) are consistent with the presence of a high-spin FeIII ion with D = 0.83 (1) cm-1 and g = 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E. Powell
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Infrastructure and Sustainable Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, West Midlands, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Lees
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchun Yuan
- Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Petra J. van Koningsbruggen
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Infrastructure and Sustainable Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, West Midlands, B4 7ET, United Kingdom,Correspondence e-mail:
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23
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Owen Bonello R, Pitak MB, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Fallis IA, Pope SJ. Aryl, bi-functionalised imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline ligands and their luminescent rhenium(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Al-Taie ZS, Bartholomew B, Coles SJ, Evans DM, Hollinshead J, Jones LF, Kraehenbuehl R, Murphy PJ, Nash RJ, Penkova YB, Tizzard GJ. Corrigendum to “Cyclic guanidine containing amino acids that promote glucocerebrosidase” [Tetrahedron 123C (2022) 132959]. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Altahan MA, Beckett MA, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Jones CL. Synthesis and characterization of a tertiary amine:boric acid (1:1) co-crystal and a neutral zwitterionic diamine pentaboron adduct. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Panther LA, Guest DP, McGown A, Emerit H, Tareque RK, Jose A, Dadswell CM, Coles SJ, Tizzard GJ, González‐Méndez R, Goodall CAI, Bagley MC, Spencer J, Greenland BW. Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Core‐Functionalised Naphthalene Diimides by Using a Vibratory Ball Mill: Suzuki, Sonogashira and Buchwald–Hartwig Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201444. [PMID: 35621283 PMCID: PMC9544761 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Solvent‐free synthesis by using a vibratory ball mill (VBM) offers the chance to access new chemical reactivity, whilst reducing solvent waste and minimising reaction times. Herein, we report the core functionalisation of N,N’‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐2,6‐dibromo‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid (Br2‐NDI) by using Suzuki, Sonogashira and Buchwald–Hartwig coupling reactions. The products of these reactions are important building blocks in many areas of organic electronics including organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs). The reactions proceed in as little as 1 h, use commercially available palladium sources (frequently Pd(OAc)2) and are tolerant to air and atmospheric moisture. Furthermore, the real‐world potential of this green VBM protocol is demonstrated by the double Suzuki coupling of a monobromo(NDI) residue to a bis(thiophene) pinacol ester. The resulting dimeric NDI species has been demonstrated to behave as an electron acceptor in functioning OPVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Panther
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Daniel P. Guest
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Andrew McGown
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Hugo Emerit
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Raysa Khan Tareque
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Arathy Jose
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Chris M. Dadswell
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service Chemistry University of Southampton University Road Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service Chemistry University of Southampton University Road Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Ramón González‐Méndez
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Charles A. I. Goodall
- Faculty of Engineering & Science FES Engineering & Science School Operations University of Greenwich Old Royal Naval College Park Row London SE10 9LS UK
| | - Mark C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG UK
| | - Barnaby W. Greenland
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Arundel Building 305 Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
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27
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Al-Taie ZS, Bartholomew B, Coles SJ, Evans DM, Hollinshead J, Jones LF, Kraehenbuehl R, Murphy PJ, Nash RJ, Penkova YB, Tizzard GJ. Cyclic guanidine containing amino acids that promote glucocerebrosidase. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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28
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Al-Riyahee A, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Amoroso AJ, J. A. Pope S. Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of functionalised thiosemicarbazone ligands: syntheses and reactivity, characterization and structural studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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29
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Abstract
An [FeIII8] hexagonal bipyramid displays antiferromagnetic exchange between the two capping tetrahedral ions and the six ring octahedral ions resulting in a spin ground state of S = 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cutler
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Marco Coletta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mukesh K Singh
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Angelos B Canaj
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Laura J McCormick
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jürgen Schnack
- Universitat Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Euan K Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK.
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30
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Edmonds AK, Oakes CS, Hassell-Hart S, Bruyère D, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Felix R, Maple HJ, Marsh GP, Spencer J. Scale-up and optimization of the synthesis of dual CBP/BRD4 inhibitor ISOX-DUAL. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4021-4029. [PMID: 35506991 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ISOX-DUAL is a dual inhibitor of CBP/p300 (IC50 = 0.65 μM) and BRD4 (IC50 = 1.5 μM) bromodomains, and a useful chemical probe for epigenetic research. Aspects of the published synthetic route to this compound and its analogues are small-scale, poor-yielding or simply unamenable to scale-up without optimization. Herein we describe the development of a refined synthesis that circumvents the challenges of the original report, with notable improvements to several of the key synthetic transformations. Moreover, a general Suzuki Miyaura protocol for the late stage installation of alternative dimethyl-isoxazole acetyl-lysine (KAc) binding motifs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K Edmonds
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Catherine S Oakes
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Bristol, BS11 9QD, UK
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Didier Bruyère
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Bristol, BS11 9QD, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert Felix
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Bristol, BS11 9QD, UK
| | - Hannah J Maple
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Bristol, BS11 9QD, UK
| | - Graham P Marsh
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Bristol, BS11 9QD, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK. .,Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
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31
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Sawicka N, Craze CJ, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards E, Pope SJA. Long-lived, near-IR emission from Cr(III) under ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5733-5736. [PMID: 35438119 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bis-terdentate (N^N^N) ligands coordinated to Cr(III) yield complexes that display near-IR emission under aerated solvent conditions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sawicka
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Chloe J Craze
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, UK
| | - Emma Richards
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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32
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Coles SJ, Horton PN, Kimber P, Klooster WT, Liu P, Plasser F, Smith MB, Tizzard GJ. Reversible P-P bond cleavage at an iridium(III) metal centre. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5598-5601. [PMID: 35437547 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of a κ1-P-monodentate bicyclic diphosphane iridium(III) complex with a labile gold(I) precursor afforded an unusual IrIII/AuI complex in which the P-P single bond has been cleaved. This reaction was cleanly reversed upon addition of tertiary phosphine. Carbon-carbon bond activation, across neighbouring P2C2N rings of the coordinated bicyclic diphosphane, occurred upon thermolysis of the IrIII/AuI complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Patrick Kimber
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Wim T Klooster
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Pingchuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Martin B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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33
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Butler IR, Evans DM, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Parker SF, Capelli SC. The spontaneous self-assembly of a molecular water pipe in 3D space. IUCrJ 2022; 9:364-369. [PMID: 35546800 PMCID: PMC9067119 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and self-organization of water molecules are relevant in many fields of research. When water spontaneously reacts with 2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidine (TMP) to form colourless and crystalline discrete needles, only in the exact ratio of 2:1, it is important to understand the phenomenon. Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction data have unveiled that TMP self-assembles around columns of water molecules, and as such, the resulting adduct may be described as a series of molecular water pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia C. Capelli
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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34
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Blundell TJ, Lopez JR, Sneade K, Wallis JD, Akutsu H, Nakazawa Y, Coles SJ, Wilson C, Martin L. Enantiopure and racemic radical-cation salts of B(mandelate) 2- and B(2-chloromandelate) 2- anions with BEDT-TTF. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4843-4852. [PMID: 35257131 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00024e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first examples of radical-cation salts of BEDT-TTF with spiroborate anions [B(mandelate)2]- and [B(2-chloromandelate)2]-, synthesized from either enantiopure or racemic bidentate mandelate or chloromandelate ligands. In the salts prepared using enantiopure ligands only one of two diastereoisomers of the spiroborate anion is incorporated, with the boron centre having the same stereochemistry as the enantiopure ligand. For the racemic salts one racemic pair of spiroborate anions containing an R and an S mandelate ligand is incorporated. In certain solvents helical crystals were obtained when using spiroborate anions with enantiopure ligands. Electrical and magnetic properties, and band structure calculations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby J Blundell
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Jordan R Lopez
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Kathryn Sneade
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - John D Wallis
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Hiroki Akutsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Simon J Coles
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Lee Martin
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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35
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Jose A, Guest D, LeGay R, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Derveni M, Wright E, Marrison L, Lee AA, Morris A, Robinson M, von Delft F, Fearon D, Koekemoer L, Matviuk T, Aimon A, Schofield CJ, Malla TR, London N, Greenland BW, Bagley MC, Spencer J, The Covid Moonshot Consortium. Expanding the Repertoire of Low-Molecular-Weight Pentafluorosulfanyl-Substituted Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100641. [PMID: 35191598 PMCID: PMC9305131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pentafluorosulfanyl (‐SF5) functional group is of increasing interest as a bioisostere in medicinal chemistry. A library of SF5‐containing compounds, including amide, isoxazole, and oxindole derivatives, was synthesised using a range of solution‐based and solventless methods, including microwave and ball‐mill techniques. The library was tested against targets including human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (HDHODH). A subsequent focused approach led to synthesis of analogues of the clinically used disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), Teriflunomide and Leflunomide, considered for potential COVID‐19 use, where SF5 bioisostere deployment led to improved inhibition of HDHODH compared with the parent drugs. The results demonstrate the utility of the SF5 group in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathy Jose
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Daniel Guest
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Remi LeGay
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. Du Marechal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mariliza Derveni
- Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Edward Wright
- Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Lester Marrison
- eMolecules, 3430, Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alpha A Lee
- PostEra Inc., 2 Embarcadero Centre, San Franciso, CA 94111, USA
| | - Aaron Morris
- PostEra Inc., 2 Embarcadero Centre, San Franciso, CA 94111, USA
| | - Matt Robinson
- PostEra Inc., 2 Embarcadero Centre, San Franciso, CA 94111, USA
| | - Frank von Delft
- Diamond Light Source (DLS), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Centre of Medicines Discovery (CMD), University of Oxford, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Daren Fearon
- Diamond Light Source (DLS), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Lizbé Koekemoer
- Centre of Medicines Discovery (CMD), University of Oxford, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Anthony Aimon
- Diamond Light Source (DLS), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Tika R Malla
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Nir London
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Barnaby W Greenland
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Mark C Bagley
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
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36
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Al-Riyahee AAA, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Berry C, Horrocks PD, Pope SJA, Amoroso AJ. N, N'-Substituted thioureas and their metal complexes: syntheses, structures and electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3531-3545. [PMID: 35142775 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of six N,N'-substituted thiourea ligands (L1a-L3b) was achieved in two steps. A corresponding extensive series of Cu(I), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes (1-24) with varying formulations were synthesised from these ligands by the reaction of a 1 : 1 or a 1 : 2 mixture of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) perchlorate or chloride salts. Complexes 1-24 have been comprehensively characterised by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, UV-vis., IR, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies where applicable. The X-ray crystal structures were obtained for eight examples: [(L1a)2Cu]ClO4 (1), [(L1c)2Zn](ClO4)2 (4), [(L2a)2Cu]ClO4 (6), [(L2c)2Ni](ClO4)2 (7), [(L1b)2Cu](ClO4) (15), [(L1b)CuCl] (16), [(L4)2CuCl2] (19) and [(L3b)CuClO4] (21). These studies reveal that L1c and L2c represent ligands that have undergone cleavage during reaction with the metal salt; L4 represents an intramolecular rearrangement (via a Hugershoff reaction) of L2b; and in most cases Cu(II) is reduced to Cu(I) during the ligand reaction. The X-ray crystal structures also reveal that 1, 4, 6, 15 and 16 are monometallic species in the solid state; that Cu(I) in 1, 6, 15 and 16 and Zn(II) in 4 are arranged in a distorted tetrahedral geometry; that Cu(I) in 21 adopts a trigonal planar geometry; and that in 7 and 19 the Ni(II) and Cu(II) centres, respectively, possess square planar geometry. Preliminary studies on the biological activity (using the Malaria Sybr Green I Fluorescence assay) of the thiourea containing complexes suggests that the d10 complexes, and increased ligand stoichiometries, may afford higher potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A A Al-Riyahee
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Paul D Horrocks
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Angelo J Amoroso
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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37
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Doğan Z, Selçuki NA, Coles SJ, Şengül A. Unprecedented platinum(II) coordination compound of sterically hindered 3,3′-bis(NH-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Blade H, Horton PN, Morrison JA, Orton JB, Sullivan RA, Coles SJ. Tautomerism troubles: proton transfer modifies the stereochemical assignments in diastereoisomeric structures of spiro-cyclic 5-methyl-2 H-imidazol-4-amine dimers. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:1311-1315. [PMID: 34925905 PMCID: PMC8647748 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902100668x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the racemization of a novel pharmaceutical spiro-cyclic imidazole-amine compound, namely, 6'-bromo-N-(6'-bromo-4-meth-oxy-4''-methyl-3'H-di-spiro[cyclo-hexane-1,2'-indene-1',2''-imidazol]-5''-yl)-4-meth-oxy-4''-methyl-3'H-di-spiro-[cyclo-hexane-1,2'-indene-1',2''-imidazol]-5''-imine, C36H41Br2N5O2, two impurities were isolated. These impurities were clearly dimers from mass spectroscopic analysis, however single-crystal diffraction characterization was required for the assignment of stereochemistry. The single-crystal diffraction results revealed subtly different structures to those proposed, due to an unexpected proton transfer. The dimers contain four stereocentres, but two of primary inter-est, and are centrosymmetric, so after careful structure refinement and close inspection it was possible to unambiguously assign the stereochemistry of both the homochiral [(S),(S)- and (R),(R)-] and the heterochiral [(S),(R)- and (R),(S)-] compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Blade
- AstraZeneca, Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Horton
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Morrison
- AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - James B. Orton
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A. Sullivan
- AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Coles
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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39
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Harnedy J, Hareram MD, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Morrill LC. Electrochemical oxidative Z-selective C(sp 2)-H chlorination of acrylamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12643-12646. [PMID: 34762080 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05824j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for the oxidative Z-selective C(sp2)-H chlorination of acrylamides has been developed. This catalyst and organic oxidant free method is applicable across various substituted tertiary acrylamides, and provides access to a broad range of synthetically useful Z-β-chloroacrylamides in good yields (22 examples, 73% average yield). The orthogonal derivatization of the products was demonstrated through chemoselective transformations and the electrochemical process was performed on gram scale in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Harnedy
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Mishra Deepak Hareram
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Louis C Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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40
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Devonport J, Sully L, Boudalis AK, Hassell-Hart S, Leech MC, Lam K, Abdul-Sada A, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Spencer J, Vargas A, Kostakis GE. Room-Temperature Cu(II) Radical-Triggered Alkyne C-H Activation. JACS Au 2021; 1:1937-1948. [PMID: 34841411 PMCID: PMC8611675 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric Cu(II) complex [Cu(II)2L2(μ2-Cl)Cl] (1) built from an asymmetric tridentate ligand (2-(((2-aminocyclohexyl)imino)methyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and weakly coordinating anions has been synthesized and structurally characterized. In dichloromethane solution, 1 exists in a monomeric [Cu(II)LCl] (1') (85%)-dimeric (1) (15%) equilibrium, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies indicate structural stability and redox retention. Addition of phenylacetylene to the CH2Cl2 solution populates 1' and leads to the formation of a transient radical species. Theoretical studies support this notion and show that the radical initiates an alkyne C-H bond activation process via a four-membered ring (Cu(II)-O···H-Calkyne) intermediate. This unusual C-H activation method is applicable for the efficient synthesis of propargylamines, without additives, within 16 h, at low loadings and in noncoordinating solvents including late-stage functionalization of important bioactive molecules. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, postcatalysis, confirmed the framework's stability and showed that the metal center preserves its oxidation state. The scope and limitations of this unconventional protocol are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Devonport
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Lauren Sully
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Athanassios K. Boudalis
- Institut
de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université
de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux
de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Matthew C. Leech
- School
of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemical and Environmental
Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, U.K.
| | - Kevin Lam
- School
of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemical and Environmental
Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, U.K.
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK
National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 71BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallography Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 71BJ, U.K.
| | - John Spencer
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - George E. Kostakis
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
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41
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Alexander FM, Fonrouge SF, Borioni JL, Del Pópolo MG, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Hutchings BP, Crawford DE, James SL. Noria and its derivatives as hosts for chemically and thermally robust Type II porous liquids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14230-14240. [PMID: 34760209 PMCID: PMC8565397 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous Liquids (PLs) are a new class of material that possess both fluidity and permanent porosity. As such they can act as enhanced, selective solvents and may ultimately find applications which are not possible for porous solids, such as continuous flow separation processes. Type II PLs consist of empty molecular hosts dissolved in size-excluded solvents and to date have mainly been based on hosts that have limited chemical and thermal stability. Here we identify Noria, a rigid cyclic oligomer as a new host for the synthesis of more robust Type II PLs. Although the structure of Noria is well-documented, we find that literature has overlooked the true composition of bulk Noria samples. We find that bulk samples typically consist of Noria (ca. 40%), a Noria isomer, specifically a resorcinarene trimer, “R3” (ca. 30%) and other unidentified oligomers (ca. 30%). Noria has been characterised crystallographically as a diethyl ether solvate and its 1H NMR spectrum fully assigned for the first time. The previously postulated but unreported R3 has also been characterised crystallographically as a dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, which confirms its alternative connectivity to Noria. Noria and R3 have low solubility which precludes their use in Type II PLs, however, the partially ethylated derivative Noria-OEt dissolves in the size-excluded solvent 15-crown-5 to give a new Type II PL. This PL exhibits enhanced uptake of methane (CH4) gas supporting the presence of empty pores in the liquid. Detailed molecular dynamics simulations support the existence of pores in the liquid and show that occupation of the pores by CH4 is favoured. Overall, this work revises the general accepted composition of bulk Noria samples and shows that Noria derivatives are appropriate for the synthesis of more robust Type II PLs. Porous Liquids (PLs) are a new class of material that possess both fluidity and permanent porosity. Here we identify Noria, a rigid cyclic oligomer as a new host for the synthesis of more robust Type II PLs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Alexander
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Sergio F Fonrouge
- ICB-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza M5502 JMA Argentina
| | - José L Borioni
- ICB-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza M5502 JMA Argentina
| | - Mario G Del Pópolo
- ICB-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza M5502 JMA Argentina
| | - Peter N Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Benjamin P Hutchings
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Deborah E Crawford
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford Richmond Road Bradford BD7 1DP UK
| | - Stuart L James
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road Belfast BT7 1NN UK
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42
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Alexandropoulos DI, Kong F, Lombardi F, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Bogani L. A manganese (II) dimer bearing the reduced derivatives of nitronyl nitroxides. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Rees GJ, Pitak MB, Lari A, Day SP, Yates JR, Gierth P, Barnsley K, Smith ME, Coles SJ, Hanna JV, Wallis JD. Mapping of N−C Bond Formation from a Series of Crystalline Peri‐Substituted Naphthalenes by Charge Density and Solid‐State NMR Methodologies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Rees
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Mateusz B. Pitak
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Alberth Lari
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Stephen P. Day
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jonathan R. Yates
- Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | | | - Kristian Barnsley
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Mark E. Smith
- Vice-Chancellor's Office University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - John V. Hanna
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
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44
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Rees GJ, Pitak MB, Lari A, Day SP, Yates JR, Gierth P, Barnsley K, Smith ME, Coles SJ, Hanna JV, Wallis JD. Mapping of N-C Bond Formation from a Series of Crystalline Peri-Substituted Naphthalenes by Charge Density and Solid-State NMR Methodologies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23878-23884. [PMID: 34464506 PMCID: PMC8596510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of charge density studies and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1 JNC coupling measurements supported by periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations is used to characterise the transition from an n-π* interaction to bond formation between a nucleophilic nitrogen atom and an electrophilic sp2 carbon atom in a series of crystalline peri-substituted naphthalenes. As the N⋅⋅⋅C distance reduces there is a sharp decrease in the Laplacian derived from increasing charge density between the two groups at ca. N⋅⋅⋅C = 1.8 Å, with the periodic DFT calculations predicting, and heteronuclear spin-echo NMR measurements confirming, the 1 JNC couplings of ≈3-6 Hz for long C-N bonds (1.60-1.65 Å), and 1 JNC couplings of <1 Hz for N⋅⋅⋅C >2.1 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Rees
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordParks RdOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Mateusz B. Pitak
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Alberth Lari
- School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityClifton LaneNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
| | - Stephen P. Day
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | | | - Kristian Barnsley
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Mark E. Smith
- Vice-Chancellor's OfficeUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - John V. Hanna
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityClifton LaneNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
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45
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Fitzgerald SA, Otaif HY, Elgar CE, Sawicka N, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Polysubstituted Ligand Framework for Color Tuning Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15467-15484. [PMID: 34605234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of ligands have been synthesized based upon a polysubstituted 2-phenylquinoxaline core structure. These ligands introduce different combinations of fluorine and methyl substituents on both the phenyl and quinoxaline constituent rings. The resultant investigation of these species as cyclometalating agents for Ir(III) gave cationic complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)2(bipy)]PF6 (where C^N = cyclometalating ligand; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). X-ray crystallographic studies were conducted on four complexes and each revealed the expected distorted octahedral geometry based upon a cis-C,C and trans-N,N ligand arrangement at Ir(III). Supporting computational studies predict that each of the complexes share the same general descriptions for the frontier orbitals. TD-DFT calculations suggest MLCT contributions to the lowest energy absorption and a likely MLCT/ILCT/LLCT nature to the emitting state. Experimentally, the complexes display tunable luminescence across the yellow-orange-red part of the visible spectrum (λem = 579-655 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Haleema Y Otaif
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Elgar
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Sawicka
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
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46
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Handsel J, Matthews B, Knight NJ, Coles SJ. Translating the InChI: adapting neural machine translation to predict IUPAC names from a chemical identifier. J Cheminform 2021; 13:79. [PMID: 34620215 PMCID: PMC8496104 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-021-00535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model for predicting the IUPAC name of a chemical from its standard International Chemical Identifier (InChI). The model uses two stacks of transformers in an encoder-decoder architecture, a setup similar to the neural networks used in state-of-the-art machine translation. Unlike neural machine translation, which usually tokenizes input and output into words or sub-words, our model processes the InChI and predicts the IUPAC name character by character. The model was trained on a dataset of 10 million InChI/IUPAC name pairs freely downloaded from the National Library of Medicine's online PubChem service. Training took seven days on a Tesla K80 GPU, and the model achieved a test set accuracy of 91%. The model performed particularly well on organics, with the exception of macrocycles, and was comparable to commercial IUPAC name generation software. The predictions were less accurate for inorganic and organometallic compounds. This can be explained by inherent limitations of standard InChI for representing inorganics, as well as low coverage in the training data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Handsel
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Brian Matthews
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Nicola J Knight
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Montis R, Aragoni MC, Arca M, Coles SJ, Lippolis V, Milia J, Orton JB, Pala L, Picci G, Pivetta T, Caltagirone C. Coordination Chemistry and Sensing Properties Towards Anions and Metal Ions of a Simple Fluorescent Urea. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montis
- Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate Laboratorio di Chimica Supramolecolare Via della Stazione 4 61029 Urbino Italy
| | - M. Carla Aragoni
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - Simon J. Coles
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - Jessica Milia
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - James B. Orton
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Laura Pala
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - Giacomo Picci
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - Tiziana Pivetta
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Bivio per Sestu S. S. 554 09042 Monserrato CA Italy
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Evans DM, Hughes DD, Murphy PJ, Horton PN, Coles SJ, de Biani FF, Corsini M, Butler IR. Synthetic Route to 1,1′,2,2′-Tetraiodoferrocene That Avoids Isomerization and the Electrochemistry of Some Tetrahaloferrocenes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Evans
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - David D. Hughes
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Patrick J. Murphy
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ. U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ. U.K
| | - Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Università di Siena Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Corsini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Università di Siena Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ian R. Butler
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, U.K
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Abdullah N, Ozair LN, Samsudin H, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Mohamadin MI. Structural variability and thermally-induced mesomorphisms in complexes of copper(II) with 4-halobenzoates, 2,2'-bipyridine and 4,4'-bis(dodecyl)-2,2'-bipyridine. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1940980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbani Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lailatun N. Ozair
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Samsudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohammad I. Mohamadin
- Center of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Podda E, Carla Aragoni M, Arca M, Atzeni G, Coles SJ, Ennas G, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Orru G, Scano A, Orton JB, Pintus A, Scano A. Morpholine- and Thiomorpholine-Based Amidodithiophosphonato Nickel Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, P-N Cleavage, Antibacterial Activity and Silica Nano-Dispersion. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:2879-2891. [PMID: 33653454 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of thiomorpholinium P-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-thiomorpholin-amidodithiophosphonate (S-MorH+₂)(S-Mor-adtp-) and morpholinium P-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-morpholin-amidodithiophosphonate (O-MorH+₂)(O-Mor-adtp-) towards nickel (II) dichloride hexahydrated is presented and the hydrolysis of the relevant metal complexes investigated. The hydrolytic products (S-MorH+₂)₂ [Ni(dtp)₂]²- and (O-MorH+₂)₂[Ni(dtp)₂]²- were characterized by means of FT-IR, 1H, and 31P NMR and XRD and the experimented P-N cleavage investigated and elucidated by means of DFT calculations. The antimicrobial activity of the neutral nickel complex [Ni(S-Mor-adtp)₂] was tested against a set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria alongside with its nanodispersion in a silica matrix. The complex [Ni(S-Mor-adtp)₂] did not show antibacterial activity, whilst the nano-dispersed sample [Ni(S-Mor-adtp)₂]_SiO₂ demonstrated inhibition to growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The nanocomposites were fully characterized by means of XRPD, TGA, SEM and dinitrogen sorption techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Atzeni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Guido Ennas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orru
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - James B Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato - Cagliari, Italy
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