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Ju H, Cheng L, Li M, Mei K, He S, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Electrical Profiling of Peptides and Proteins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401877. [PMID: 38639403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the application of single-molecule electrical analysis platforms in studying proteins and peptides. These advanced analysis methods have the potential for deep investigation of enzymatic working mechanisms and accurate monitoring of dynamic changes in protein configurations, which are often challenging to achieve in ensemble measurements. In this work, the prominent research progress in peptide and protein-related studies are surveyed using electronic devices with single-molecule/single-event sensitivity, including single-molecule junctions, single-molecule field-effect transistors, and nanopores. In particular, the successful commercial application of nanopores in DNA sequencing has made it one of the most promising techniques in protein sequencing at the single-molecule level. From single peptides to protein complexes, the correlation between their electrical characteristics, structures, and biological functions is gradually being established. This enables to distinguish different molecular configurations of these biomacromolecules through real-time electrical monitoring of their life activities, significantly improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying various life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Suhang He
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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2
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Sun F, Liu L, Zheng CF, Li YC, Yan Y, Fu XX, Wang CK, Liu R, Xu B, Li ZL. Decoding the mechanical conductance switching behaviors of dipyridyl molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12586-12597. [PMID: 37461829 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Dipyridyl molecular junctions often show intriguing conductance switching behaviors with mechanical modulations, but the mechanisms are still not completely revealed. By applying the ab initio-based adiabatic simulation method, the configuration evolution and electron transport properties of dipyridyl molecular junctions in stretching and compressing processes are systematically investigated. The numerical results reveal that the dipyridyl molecular junctions tend to form specific contact configurations during formation processes. In small electrode gaps, the pyridyls almost vertically adsorb on the second Au layers of the tip electrodes by pushing the top Au atoms aside. These specific contact configurations result in stronger molecule-electrode couplings and larger electronic incident cross-sectional areas, which consequently lead to large breaking forces and high conductance. On further elongating the molecular junctions, the pyridyls shift to the top Au atoms of the tip electrodes. The additional scattering of the top Au atoms dramatically decreases the conductance and switches the molecular junctions to the lower conductive states. Perfect cyclical conductance switches are obtained as observed in the experiments by repeatedly stretching and compressing the molecular junctions. The O atom in the side-group tends to hinder the pyridyl from adsorbing on the second Au layer and further inhibits the conductance switch of the dipyridyl molecular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Chang-Feng Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Fu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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3
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Abstract
ConspectusUnderstanding the thermoelectric effects that convert energy between heat and electricity on a molecular scale is of great interest to the nanoscience community. As electronic devices continue to be miniaturized to nanometer scales, thermoregulation on such devices becomes increasingly critical. In addition, the study of molecular thermoelectricity provides information that cannot be accessed through conventional electrical conductance measurements. The field of molecular thermoelectrics aims to explore thermoelectric effects in electrode-molecule-electrode tunnel junctions and draw inferences on how the (supra)molecular structure of active molecules is associated with their thermopower. In this Account, we introduce a convenient and useful junction technique that enables thermovoltage measurements of one molecule thick films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), with reliability, and discuss the atomic-detailed structure-thermopower relations established by the technique. The technique relies on a microelectrode composed of non-Newtonian liquid metal, eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) covered with a native gallium oxide layer. The EGaIn electrode makes it possible to form thermoelectric contacts with the delicate structure of SAMs in a noninvasive fashion. A defined interface between SAM and the EGaIn electrode allows time-effective collection of large amounts of thermovoltage data, with great reproducibility, efficiency, and reliable interpretation and statistical analysis of the data. We also highlight recent efforts to utilize the EGaIn technique for probing molecular thermoelectricity and structure-thermopower relations. Using the technique, it was possible to unravel quantum-chemical mechanisms of thermoelectric functions, based on the Mott formula, in SAM-based large-area junctions, which in turn led us to set various hypotheses to boost the Seebeck coefficient. By validating the hypotheses again with the EGaIn technique, we revealed that the thermopower of junction increases through the reduction of the energy offset between accessible molecular orbital energy level and Fermi level or the tuning of broadening of the orbital energy level. Such alterations in the shape of energy topography of junction could be achieved through structural modifications in anchoring group and molecular backbone of SAM, and the bottom electrode. Molecular thermoelectrics offers a unique opportunity to build a well-defined nanoscale system and isolate an effect of interest from others, advancing fundamental understanding of charge transport across individual molecules and molecule-electrode interfaces. In the Account, we showed our recent work involving carefully designed molecular system that are relevant to answering the question of how thermopower differs between the tunneling and thermal-hopping regimes. The field of molecular thermoelectrics needs to address practical application-related issues, particularly molecular degradation in thermal environments. In this regard, we summarized the results highlighting the thermal instability of SAM-based junctions based on a traditional thiol anchor group and how to circumvent this problem. We also discussed the power factor (PF)─a practical parameter representing the efficiency for converting heat into electricity─of SAMs, evaluated using the EGaIn technique. In the Conclusion section of this Account, we present future challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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4
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Son YJ, Han JW, Kang H, Seong S, Han S, Maeda S, Chikami S, Hayashi T, Hara M, Noh J. Formation and Thermal Stability of Ordered Self-Assembled Monolayers by the Adsorption of Amide-Containing Alkanethiols on Au(111). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043241. [PMID: 36834654 PMCID: PMC9967528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the surface structure, binding conditions, electrochemical behavior, and thermal stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) formed by N-(2-mercaptoethyl)heptanamide (MEHA) containing an amide group in an inner alkyl chain using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to understand the effects of an internal amide group as a function of deposition time. The STM study clearly showed that the structural transitions of MEHA SAMs on Au(111) occurred from the liquid phase to the formation of a closely packed and well-ordered β-phase via a loosely packed α-phase as an intermediate phase, depending on the deposition time. XPS measurements showed that the relative peak intensities of chemisorbed sulfur against Au 4f for MEHA SAMs formed after deposition for 1 min, 10 min, and 1 h were calculated to be 0.0022, 0.0068, and 0.0070, respectively. Based on the STM and XPS results, it is expected that the formation of a well-ordered β-phase is due to an increased adsorption of chemisorbed sulfur and the structural rearrangement of molecular backbones to maximize lateral interactions resulting from a longer deposition period of 1 h. CV measurements showed a significant difference in the electrochemical behavior of MEHA and decanethiol (DT) SAMs as a result of the presence of an internal amide group in the MEHA SAMs. Herein, we report the first high-resolution STM image of well-ordered MEHA SAMs on Au(111) with a (3 × 2√3) superlattice (β-phase). We also found that amide-containing MEHA SAMs were thermally much more stable than DT SAMs due to the formation of internal hydrogen networks in MEHA SAMs. Our molecular-scale STM results provide new insight into the growth process, surface structure, and thermal stability of amide-containing alkanethiols on Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ji Son
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Han
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sicheon Seong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Han
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Shoichi Maeda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shunta Chikami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hara
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jaegeun Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Tu B, Cui B, Guo J, Zhao X, Wang J, Yan Y. An artificial synapse based on molecular junctions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:247. [PMID: 36646674 PMCID: PMC9842743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrinking the size of the electronic synapse to molecular length-scale, for example, an artificial synapse directly fabricated by using individual or monolayer molecules, is important for maximizing the integration density, reducing the energy consumption, and enabling functionalities not easily achieved by other synaptic materials. Here, we show that the conductance of the self-assembled peptide molecule monolayer could be dynamically modulated by placing electrical biases, enabling us to implement basic synaptic functions. Both short-term plasticity (e.g., paired-pulse facilitation) and long-term plasticity (e.g., spike-timing-dependent plasticity) are demonstrated in a single molecular synapse. The dynamic current response is due to a combination of both chemical gating and coordination effects between Ag+ and hosting groups within peptides which adjusts the electron hopping rate through the molecular junction. In the end, based on the nonlinearity and short-term synaptic characteristics, the molecular synapses are utilized as reservoirs for waveform recognition with 100% accuracy at a small mask length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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6
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Renault JP, Huart L, Milosavljević AR, Bozek JD, Palaudoux J, Guigner JM, Marichal L, Leroy J, Wien F, Hervé Du Penhoat MA, Nicolas C. Electronic Structure and Solvation Effects from Core and Valence Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Serum Albumin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158227. [PMID: 35897833 PMCID: PMC9331649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a liquid jet is used to investigate the electronic structure of a solvated protein, yielding insight into charge transfer mechanisms in biological systems in their natural environment. No structural damage was observed in BSA following X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in a liquid jet sample environment. Carbon and nitrogen atoms in different chemical environments were resolved in the X-ray photoelectron spectra of both solid and solvated BSA. The calculations of charge distributions demonstrate the difficulty of assigning chemical contributions in complex systems in an aqueous environment. The high-resolution X-ray core electron spectra recorded are unchanged upon solvation. A comparison of the valence bands of BSA in both phases is also presented. These bands display a higher sensitivity to solvation effects. The ionization energy of the solvated BSA is determined at 5.7 ± 0.3 eV. Experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations to distinguish the contributions of various molecular components to the electronic structure. This comparison points towards the role of water in hole delocalization in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (L.H.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-P.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Lucie Huart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (L.H.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint Aubin, France; (A.R.M.); (J.D.B.); (F.W.)
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, 75252 Paris, France; (J.-M.G.); (M.-A.H.D.P.)
| | | | - John D. Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint Aubin, France; (A.R.M.); (J.D.B.); (F.W.)
| | - Jerôme Palaudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7614, 75252 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, 75252 Paris, France; (J.-M.G.); (M.-A.H.D.P.)
| | - Laurent Marichal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (L.H.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (L.H.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint Aubin, France; (A.R.M.); (J.D.B.); (F.W.)
| | - Marie-Anne Hervé Du Penhoat
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, 75252 Paris, France; (J.-M.G.); (M.-A.H.D.P.)
| | - Christophe Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint Aubin, France; (A.R.M.); (J.D.B.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.-P.R.); (C.N.)
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7
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Qiu X, Chiechi RC. Printable logic circuits comprising self-assembled protein complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2312. [PMID: 35484124 PMCID: PMC9050843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of digital logic circuits comprising resistors and diodes made from protein complexes and wired together using printed liquid metal electrodes. These resistors and diodes exhibit temperature-independent charge-transport over a distance of approximately 10 nm and require no encapsulation or special handling. The function of the protein complexes is determined entirely by self-assembly. When induced to self-assembly into anisotropic monolayers, the collective action of the aligned dipole moments increases the electrical conductivity of the ensemble in one direction and decreases it in the other. When induced to self-assemble into isotropic monolayers, the dipole moments are randomized and the electrical conductivity is approximately equal in both directions. We demonstrate the robustness and utility of these all-protein logic circuits by constructing pulse modulators based on AND and OR logic gates that function nearly identically to simulated circuits. These results show that digital circuits with useful functionality can be derived from readily obtainable biomolecules using simple, straightforward fabrication techniques that exploit molecular self-assembly, realizing one of the primary goals of molecular electronics. Proteins are promising molecular materials for next-generation electronic devices. Here, the authors fabricated printable digital logic circuits comprising resistors and diodes from self-assembled photosystem I complexes that enable pulse modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, United States.
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8
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Li X, Cazade PA, Qi P, Thompson D, Guo C. The role of externally-modulated electrostatic interactions in amplifying charge transport across lysine-doped peptide junctions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Shi J, Jiang F, Long S, Lu Z, Liu T, Zheng H, Shi J, Yang Y, Hong W, Tian ZQ. The influence of water on the charge transport through self-assembled monolayers junctions fabricated by EGaIn technique. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Sequence modulation of tunneling barrier and charge transport across histidine doped oligo-alanine molecular junctions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Grabarek A, Walczak Ł, Cyganik P. Odd-Even Effect in Peptide SAMs-Competition of Secondary Structure and Molecule-Substrate Interaction. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10964-10971. [PMID: 34554757 PMCID: PMC8503877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Peptide-based self-assembled
monolayers (SAMs) are well known to
be crucial for biocompatible surface formation on inorganic substrates
applied for implants, biosensors, or tissue engineering. Moreover,
recently these bioinspired nanostructures are also considered
particularly interesting for molecular electronics applications due
to their surprisingly high conductance and thickness-independent capacitance,
which make them a very promising element of organic field-effect transistors
(OFETs). Our structural analysis conducted for a series of prototypic
homooligopeptides based on glycine (Gly) with cysteine (Cys) as a
substrate bonding group chemisorbed on Au and Ag metal substrates
(GlynCys/Au(Ag), n =
1–9) exhibits the formation by these monolayers secondary structure
close to β-sheet conformation with pronounced odd–even structural effect strongly affecting packing density and conformation
of molecules in the monolayer, which depend on the length of molecules
and the type of metal substrate. Our experiments indicate that the
origin of these structural effects is related to the either cooperative
or competitive relationship between the type of secondary structure
formed by these molecules and the directional character of their chemical
bonding to the metal substrate. The current analysis opens up the
opportunity for the rational design of these biologically inspired
nanostructures, which is crucial both for mentioned biological and
electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Grabarek
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Walczak
- Science & Research Division, PREVAC sp. z o.o., Raciborska 61, 44-362 Rogow, Poland
| | - Piotr Cyganik
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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12
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13
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Chen X, Kretz B, Adoah F, Nickle C, Chi X, Yu X, Del Barco E, Thompson D, Egger DA, Nijhuis CA. A single atom change turns insulating saturated wires into molecular conductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3432. [PMID: 34103489 PMCID: PMC8187423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an efficient strategy to modulate tunnelling in molecular junctions by changing the tunnelling decay coefficient, β, by terminal-atom substitution which avoids altering the molecular backbone. By varying X = H, F, Cl, Br, I in junctions with S(CH2)(10-18)X, current densities (J) increase >4 orders of magnitude, creating molecular conductors via reduction of β from 0.75 to 0.25 Å−1. Impedance measurements show tripled dielectric constants (εr) with X = I, reduced HOMO-LUMO gaps and tunnelling-barrier heights, and 5-times reduced contact resistance. These effects alone cannot explain the large change in β. Density-functional theory shows highly localized, X-dependent potential drops at the S(CH2)nX//electrode interface that modifies the tunnelling barrier shape. Commonly-used tunnelling models neglect localized potential drops and changes in εr. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta \propto 1/\sqrt{{\varepsilon }_{r}}$$\end{document}β∝1/εr, suggesting highly-polarizable terminal-atoms act as charge traps and highlighting the need for new charge transport models that account for dielectric effects in molecular tunnelling junctions. In molecular junctions, where a molecule is placed between two electrodes, the current passed decays exponentially as a function of length. Here, Chen et al. show that this exponentially attenuation can be controlled by changing a single atom at the end of the molecular wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Kretz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Francis Adoah
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Cameron Nickle
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Xiao Chi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrique Del Barco
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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14
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Stefani D, Guo C, Ornago L, Cabosart D, El Abbassi M, Sheves M, Cahen D, van der Zant HSJ. Conformation-dependent charge transport through short peptides. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3002-3009. [PMID: 33508063 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on charge transport across single short peptides using the Mechanically Controlled Break Junction (MCBJ) method. We record thousands of electron transport events across single-molecule junctions and with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, we identify several classes of traces with multifarious conductance values that may correspond to different peptide conformations. Data analysis shows that very short peptides, which are more rigid, show conductance plateaus at low conductance values of about 10-3G0 and below, with G0 being the conductance quantum, whereas slightly longer, more flexible peptides also show plateaus at higher values. Fully stretched peptide chains exhibit conductance values that are of the same order as that of alkane chains of similar length. The measurements show that in the case of short peptides, different compositions and molecular lengths offer a wide range of junction conformations. Such information is crucial to understand mechanism(s) of charge transport in and across peptide-based biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stefani
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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15
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Cho N, Kang S, Lee H, Kang H, Kong GD, Yoon HJ. Superexchange Coupling-Induced Enhancements of Thermoelectric Performance in Saturated Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:360-366. [PMID: 33275442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To develop thermoelectric devices, it is of the utmost importance to design organic building blocks to have efficient thermopower. Whereas conjugated and aromatic molecules with intrinsic narrow band gaps are attractive candidates to achieve efficient thermoelectric properties, saturated molecules are usually avoided owing to intrinsically poor thermopower. Here we demonstrate that thermopower of saturated molecules can be enhanced by superexchange coupling. Specifically, thermoelectric properties of large-area junctions that contain self-assembled monolayers of oligo(ethylene glycol) thiolates and alkanethiolates are compared. Through large-area thermopower measurements using a liquid metal top electrode, we show that the superexchange coupling enhances the Seebeck coefficient and counterintuitively leads to an increase in the Seebeck coefficient with increasing the length in a certain conformation. The improved thermoelectric performance is attributed to the superexchange-induced enhanced ability to mediate metal wave function in junctions. Our work offers new insights for improving the thermoelectric performance of nonconjugated, saturated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seohyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gyu Don Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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16
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Chen X, Salim T, Zhang Z, Yu X, Volkova I, Nijhuis CA. Large Increase in the Dielectric Constant and Partial Loss of Coherence Increases Tunneling Rates across Molecular Wires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45111-45121. [PMID: 32897683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the dielectric behavior of monolayers is important in a large range of applications, its role in charge transport studies involving molecular junctions is largely ignored. This paper describes a large increase in the relative static dielectric constant (εr) by simply increasing the thickness of well-organized monolayers of oligoglycine and oligo(ethylene glycol) from 7 up to 14. The resulting large capacitance of 3.5-5.1 μF/cm2 is thickness-independent, which is highly attractive for field-effect transistor applications. This increase of εr results in a linear increase of the thermal activation energy by a factor of 6, which suggests that the mechanism of charge transport gradually changes from coherent to (partially) incoherent tunneling. The comparisons of oligoglycine (which readily forms hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules) and methyl terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) (which lacks hydrogen bond donors) monolayers, kinetic isotope effects, and relative humidity-dependent measurements all indicate the importance of strong hydrogen bonds involving ionic species and strongly bonded water in the unusual dielectric behavior and the incoherent tunneling mechanism. This partial loss of coherence of the charge carriers can explain the unusually small tunneling decay coefficients across long molecular wires, and the length-dependent increase of εr of monolayers opens up interesting new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Ira Volkova
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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17
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Guo C, Yu J, Horsley JR, Sheves M, Cahen D, Abell AD. Backbone-Constrained Peptides: Temperature and Secondary Structure Affect Solid-State Electron Transport. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10951-10958. [PMID: 31777245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary sequence and secondary structure of a peptide are crucial to charge migration, not only in solution (electron transfer, ET), but also in the solid-state (electron transport, ETp). Hence, understanding the charge migration mechanisms is fundamental to the development of biomolecular devices and sensors. We report studies on four Aib-containing helical peptide analogues: two acyclic linear peptides with one and two electron-rich alkene-based side chains, respectively, and two peptides that are further rigidified into a macrocycle by a side bridge constraint, containing one or no alkene. ETp was investigated across Au/peptide/Au junctions, between 80 and 340 K in combination with the molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The results reveal that the helical structure of the peptide and electron-rich side chain both facilitate the ETp. As temperature increases, the loss of helical structure, change of monolayer tilt angle, and increase of thermally activated fluctuations affect the conductance of peptides. Specifically, room temperature conductance across the peptide monolayers correlates well with previously observed ET rate constants, where an interplay between backbone rigidity and electron-rich side chains was revealed. Our findings provide new means to manipulate electronic transport across solid-state peptide junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunlan Guo
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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18
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Li B, Tian L, He X, Ji X, Khalid H, Yue C, Liu Q, Yu X, Lei S, Hu W. Tunable oligo-histidine self-assembled monolayer junction and charge transport by a pH modulated assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26058-26065. [PMID: 31746863 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Histidine works as an important mediator in the charge transport process through proteins via its conjugate side group. It can also stabilize a peptide's secondary structure through hydrogen bonding of the imidazole group. In this study, the conformation of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and the charge transport of the tailor-made oligopeptide hepta-histidine derivative (7-His) were modulated through the pH control of the assembly environment. Histidine is found to be an efficient tunneling mediator in monolayer junctions with an attenuation factor of β = ∼0.5 Å-1. Successful theoretical model fitting indicates a linear increase in the number of tunneling sites as the 7-His SAM thickness increases, following the deprotonation of histidine. Combined with the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements, a modulable charge transport pathway through 7-His with imidazole groups of histidine as tunneling foot stones is revealed. Histidine therefore possesses a large potential for modulable functional (bio)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baili Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
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19
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Zheng H, Jiang F, He R, Yang Y, Shi J, Hong W. Charge Transport through Peptides in Single‐Molecule Electrical Measurements. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Joint Research Center for Peptide Drug R&D with Space Peptides, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Runze He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- Joint Research Center for Peptide Drug R&D with Space Peptides, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- Joint Research Center for Peptide Drug R&D with Space Peptides, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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20
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Baghbanzadeh M, Belding L, Yuan L, Park J, Al-Sayah MH, Bowers CM, Whitesides GM. Dipole-Induced Rectification Across AgTS/SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8969-8980. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Lee Belding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Junwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Sayah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carleen M. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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21
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Cafferty BJ, Yuan L, Baghbanzadeh M, Rappoport D, Beyzavi MH, Whitesides GM. Charge Transport through Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Monoterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cafferty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - M. Hassan Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Kalvi Institute for Bionano Science and Technology Harvard University 29 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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22
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Cafferty BJ, Yuan L, Baghbanzadeh M, Rappoport D, Beyzavi MH, Whitesides GM. Charge Transport through Self-Assembled Monolayers of Monoterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8097-8102. [PMID: 30989746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the processes at the origin of life that selected specific classes of molecules for broad incorporation into cells is controversial. Among those classes selected were polyisoprenoids and their derivatives. This paper tests the hypothesis that polyisoprenoids were early contributors to membranes in part because they (or their derivatives) could facilitate charge transport by quantum tunneling. It measures charge transport across self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxyl-terminated monoterpenoids (O2 C(C9 HX)) and alkanoates (O2 C(C7 HX)) with different degrees of unsaturation, supported on silver (AgTS ) bottom electrodes, with Ga2 O3 /EGaIn top electrodes. Measurements of current density of SAMs of linear length-matched hydrocarbons-both saturated and unsaturated-show that completely unsaturated molecules transport charge faster than those that are completely saturated by approximately a factor of ten. This increase in relative rates of charge transport correlates with the number of carbon-carbon double bonds, but not with the extent of conjugation. These results suggest that polyisoprenoids-even fully unsaturated-are not sufficiently good tunneling conductors for their conductivity to have favored them as building blocks in the prebiotic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Cafferty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - M Hassan Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Kalvi Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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23
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Schosser WM, Zotti LA, Cuevas JC, Pauly F. Doping hepta-alanine with tryptophan: A theoretical study of its effect on the electrical conductance of peptide-based single-molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174705. [PMID: 31067872 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by a recent experiment [C. Guo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113, 10785 (2016)], we carry out a theoretical study of electron transport through peptide-based single-molecule junctions. We analyze the pristine hepta-alanine and its functionalizations with a single tryptophan unit, which is placed in three different locations along the backbone. Contrary to expectations from the experiment on self-assembled monolayers, we find that insertion of tryptophan does not raise the electrical conductance and that the resulting peptides instead remain insulating in the framework of a coherent transport picture. The poor performance of these molecules as conductors can be ascribed to the strongly off-resonant transport and low electrode-molecule coupling of the frontier orbitals. Although the introduction of tryptophan increases the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the peptides in the gas phase, the new HOMO states are localized on the tryptophan unit and therefore essentially do not contribute to coherent charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner M Schosser
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Linda A Zotti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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24
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Hou S, Wu Q, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ. Thermoelectric properties of oligoglycine molecular wires. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3567-3573. [PMID: 30632577 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of glycine chains with and without cysteine terminal groups. The electrical conductance of (Gly)n, (Gly)nCys and Cys(Gly)nCys molecules (where Gly, Cys represent glycine and cysteine and n = 1-3) was found to decay exponentially with length l as e-βl. Our results show that connecting the molecules to gold electrodes via the sulphur atom of the cysteine moiety leads to higher β factors of 1.57 Å-1 and 1.22 Å-1 for (Gly)nCys and Cys(Gly)nCys respectively, while β = 0.92 Å-1 for (Gly)n. We also find that replacing the peptide bond with a methylene group (-CH2-) increases the conductance of (Gly)3Cys. Furthermore, we find the (Gly)1Cys and Cys(Gly)1Cys systems show good thermoelectrical performance, because of their high Seebeck coefficients (∼0.2 mV K-1) induced by the sulphur of the cysteine(s). With the contributions of both electrons and phonons taken into consideration, a high figure of merit ZT = 0.8 is obtained for (Gly)1Cys at room temperature, which increases further with increasing temperature, suggesting that peptide-based SAM junctions are promising candidates for thermoelectric energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjun Hou
- Quantum Technology Centre, Department of Physics, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, UK.
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25
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Schweitzer-Stenner R, Pecht I, Guo C. Orientation of Oligopeptides in Self-Assembled Monolayers Inferred from Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:860-868. [PMID: 30607951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of a single tryptophan containing oligo-alanine peptides were recently characterized as conductive molecules that enable electron transport between electrodes. IR reflection-absorption of self-assembled monolayers of such peptides on gold surfaces revealed that the relative intensities of amide I and II bands in the respective spectra depend on the tryptophan residue position in the oligopeptide sequence. This indicates different average peptide orientations with respect to the normal onto the carrying gold surface. We developed a model which calculates the polarized reflectivities of the amide I and II bands as function of the angle of the incident light, the average peptide orientation and the relative orientations of peptide group at the N-terminal. The orientation and strength of vibrational transition dipole moments were calculated by employing an excitonic coupling approach which considers probable conformational distributions of the disordered peptides. Our results revealed that the position of the tryptophan can affect the effective tilt angle of the peptide as well as the orientation of transition dipole moments with respect to the reflection plane. We have also calculated the average end to end distances of the examined peptides and found them to be in reasonable agreement with experimental values determined by ellipsometry. Some evidence is obtained for the notion that increasing the tilt angle of the investigated peptides reduces their conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner
- Department of Chemistry , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Israel Pecht
- Department of Chemical Immunology , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Cunlan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
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Yu J, Horsley JR, Abell AD. Peptides as Bio-Inspired Electronic Materials: An Electrochemical and First-Principles Perspective. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2237-2246. [PMID: 30192512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is at the forefront of interdisciplinary research, offering a significant extension of the capabilities of conventional silicon-based technology as well as providing a possible stand-alone alternative. Bio-inspired molecular electronics is a particularly intriguing paradigm, as charge transfer in proteins/peptides, for example, plays a critical role in the energy storage and conversion processes for all living organisms. However, the structure and conformation of even the simplest protein is extremely complex, and therefore, synthetic model peptides comprising well-defined geometry and predetermined functionality are ideal platforms to mimic nature for the elucidation of fundamental biological processes while also enhancing the design and development of single-peptide electronic components. In this Account, we first present intramolecular electron transfer within two synthetic peptides, one with a well-defined helical conformation and the other with a random geometry, using electrochemical techniques and computational simulations. This study reveals two definitive electron transfer pathways (mechanisms), the natures of which are dependent on secondary structure. Following on from this, electron transfer within a series of well-defined helical peptides, constrained by either Huisgen cycloaddition, ring-closing metathesis, or a lactam bridge, was determined. The electrochemical results indicate that each constrained peptide, in contrast to a linear counterpart, exhibits a remarkable shift of the formal potential to the positive (>460 mV) and a significant reduction of the electron transfer rate constant (up to 15-fold), which represent two distinct electronic "on/off" states. High-level calculations demonstrate that the additional backbone rigidity provided by the side-bridge constraints leads to an increased reorganization energy barrier, which impedes the vibrational fluctuations necessary for efficient intramolecular electron transfer through the peptide backbone. Further calculations reveal a clear mechanistic transition from hopping to superexchange (tunneling) stemming from side-bridge gating. We then extended our research to fine-tuning of the electronic properties of peptides through both structural and chemical manipulation, to reveal an interplay between electron-rich side chains and backbone rigidity on electron transfer. Further to this, we explored the possibility that the side-bridge constraints present in our synthetic peptides provide an additional electronic transport pathway, which led to the discovery of two distinct forms of quantum interferometer. The effects of destructive quantum interference appear essentially through both the backbone and an alternative tunneling pathway provided by the side bridge in the constrained β-strand peptide, as evidenced by a correlation between electrochemical measurements and conductance simulations for both linear and constrained β-strand peptides. In contrast, an interplay between quantum interference effects and vibrational fluctuations is revealed in the linear and constrained 310-helical peptides. Collectively, these exciting findings augment our fundamental knowledge of charge transfer dynamics and kinetics in peptides and also open up new avenues to design and develop functional bio-inspired electronic devices, such as on/off switches and quantum interferometers, for practical applications in molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John R. Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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27
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Zotti LA, Cuevas JC. Electron Transport Through Homopeptides: Are They Really Good Conductors? ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3778-3785. [PMID: 31458620 PMCID: PMC6641635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experiments, we performed a theoretical study of electron transport through single-molecule junctions incorporating four kinds of homopeptides (based on alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and tryptophan). Our results suggest that these molecules are rather insulating and operate in off-resonance tunneling as their main transport mechanism. We ascribe their poor performance as conductors to the high localization of their frontier orbitals. We found that binding scenarios in which side chains lie on the side of gold protuberances could give rise to an increase in conductance with respect to end-to-end binding configurations. These findings provide an insight into the conductance mechanism of the building blocks of proteins and identify key issues that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Zotti
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sangeeth CSS, Jiang L, Nijhuis CA. Bottom-electrode induced defects in self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based tunnel junctions affect only the SAM resistance, not the contact resistance or SAM capacitance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19939-19949. [PMID: 35541643 PMCID: PMC9080736 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In large area molecular junctions, defects are always present and can be caused by impurities and/or defects in the electrode materials and/or SAMs, but how they affect the electrical characteristics of junctions has rarely been studied. Usually, junctions are characterized by two-terminal current–voltage measurements where only the total current across the junction is measured, but with these methods one cannot distinguish how the individual components of the junctions are altered by the defects. Here we show that the roughness of the bottom-electrode is a crucial factor in determining the electrical properties of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based junctions. We used potentiodynamic impedance spectroscopy to reveal which components of the junctions are altered by defective bottom electrodes because this method allows for direct determination of all components that impede charge transport in the equivalent circuit of the junctions. We intentionally introduced defects via the roughness of the bottom electrode and found that these defects lower the SAM resistance but they do not alter the capacitance of the SAM or the contact resistance of the junction. In other words, defective junctions can be seen as “leaky capacitors” resulting in an underestimation of the SAM resistance of two orders of magnitude. These results help to improve the interpretation of data generated by SAM-based junctions and explain in part the observed large spread of reported tunneling rates for the same molecules measured across different platforms. In large area molecular junctions, defects are always present and can be caused by impurities and/or defects in the electrode materials and/or SAMs, but how they affect the electrical characteristics of junctions has rarely been studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre
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Baghbanzadeh M, Bowers CM, Rappoport D, Żaba T, Yuan L, Kang K, Liao KC, Gonidec M, Rothemund P, Cyganik P, Aspuru-Guzik A, Whitesides GM. Anomalously Rapid Tunneling: Charge Transport across Self-Assembled Monolayers of Oligo(ethylene glycol). J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7624-7631. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carleen M. Bowers
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tomasz Żaba
- Smoluchowski
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Li Yuan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kung-Ching Liao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mathieu Gonidec
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB,
UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Philipp Rothemund
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Piotr Cyganik
- Smoluchowski
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alan Aspuru-Guzik
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University 60
Oxford Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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30
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Guo C, Yu X, Refaely-Abramson S, Sepunaru L, Bendikov T, Pecht I, Kronik L, Vilan A, Sheves M, Cahen D. Tuning electronic transport via hepta-alanine peptides junction by tryptophan doping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10785-90. [PMID: 27621456 PMCID: PMC5047155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606779113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge migration for electron transfer via the polypeptide matrix of proteins is a key process in biological energy conversion and signaling systems. It is sensitive to the sequence of amino acids composing the protein and, therefore, offers a tool for chemical control of charge transport across biomaterial-based devices. We designed a series of linear oligoalanine peptides with a single tryptophan substitution that acts as a "dopant," introducing an energy level closer to the electrodes' Fermi level than that of the alanine homopeptide. We investigated the solid-state electron transport (ETp) across a self-assembled monolayer of these peptides between gold contacts. The single tryptophan "doping" markedly increased the conductance of the peptide chain, especially when its location in the sequence is close to the electrodes. Combining inelastic tunneling spectroscopy, UV photoelectron spectroscopy, electronic structure calculations by advanced density-functional theory, and dc current-voltage analysis, the role of tryptophan in ETp is rationalized by charge tunneling across a heterogeneous energy barrier, via electronic states of alanine and tryptophan, and by relatively efficient direct coupling of tryptophan to a Au electrode. These results reveal a controlled way of modulating the electrical properties of molecular junctions by tailor-made "building block" peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunlan Guo
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100; Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Lior Sepunaru
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100; Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Israel Pecht
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100;
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