1
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Chen ZL, Chen W, Wang F, Jiang JH, Dong WR. A thiol-selective and acid-stable protein modification strategy using an electron-deficient yne reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7311-7315. [PMID: 39163001 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A protein modification strategy was developed based on a thiol-yne click reaction using an electron-deficient yne reagent. This approach demonstrated exceptional selectivity towards thiols and exhibited rapid kinetics, resulting in conjugates with superior acid stability. The conjugation of IgG with an indole-derived fluorophore was achieved for the imaging of PD-L1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P. R China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Wan-Rong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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2
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Okon A, Yang J, Giancola JB, Molina OJ, Sayers J, Cheah KM, Li Y, Strieter ER, Raines RT. Facile Access to Branched Multispecific Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:954-962. [PMID: 38879814 PMCID: PMC11254548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Approaches that leverage orthogonal chemical reactions to generate protein-protein conjugates have expanded access to bespoke chimeras. Although the literature is replete with examples of the semisynthesis of bispecific proteins, few methods exist for the semisynthesis of protein conjugates of higher complexity (i.e., greater than two-protein fusions). The recent emergence of trispecific cell engagers for immune cell redirection therapies necessitates the development of chemical methods for the construction of trispecific proteins that would otherwise be inaccessible via natural protein synthesis. Here, we demonstrate that 3-bromo-5-methylene pyrrolone (3Br-5MP) can be used to effect the facile chemical synthesis of trispecific peptides and proteins with exquisite control over the addition of each monomer. The multimeric complexes maintain epitope functionality both in human cells and upon immobilization. We anticipate that facile access to trispecific proteins using this 3Br-5MP will have broad utility in basic science research and will quicken the pace of research to establish novel, multimeric immune cell redirection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniekan Okon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jinyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - JoLynn B. Giancola
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Oscar J. Molina
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Sayers
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith M. Cheah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eric R. Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Chauhan P, V R, Kumar M, Molla R, Mishra SD, Basa S, Rai V. Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:380-449. [PMID: 38095227 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are multifunctional large organic compounds that constitute an essential component of a living system. Hence, control over their bioconjugation impacts science at the chemistry-biology-medicine interface. A chemical toolbox for their precision engineering can boost healthcare and open a gateway for directed or precision therapeutics. Such a chemical toolbox remained elusive for a long time due to the complexity presented by the large pool of functional groups. The precise single-site modification of a protein requires a method to address a combination of selectivity attributes. This review focuses on guiding principles that can segregate them to simplify the task for a chemical method. Such a disintegration systematically employs a multi-step chemical transformation to deconvolute the selectivity challenges. It constitutes a disintegrate (DIN) theory that offers additional control parameters for tuning precision in protein bioconjugation. This review outlines the selectivity hurdles faced by chemical methods. It elaborates on the developments in the perspective of DIN theory to demonstrate simultaneous regulation of reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, residue specificity, and protein specificity. It discusses the progress of such methods to construct protein and antibody conjugates for biologics, including antibody-fluorophore and antibody-drug conjugates (AFCs and ADCs). It also briefs how this knowledge can assist in developing small molecule-based covalent inhibitors. In the process, it highlights an opportunity for hypothesis-driven routes to accelerate discoveries of selective methods and establish new targetome in the precision engineering of proteins and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Ragendu V
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Surya Dev Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Sneha Basa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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4
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Shankar B, Singh T, Kumar B, Arora A, Kumar S, Singh BK. Solvent-free synthesis and in-silico molecular docking study of ( E)-3-(β- C-glycosylmethylidene)- N-aryl/alkyl succinimides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9398-9409. [PMID: 37982163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of mortality associated with cervical cancer, oral cancer (oropharyngeal), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is essential to explore anti-cancer drugs against life-threatening HPV infections. Aiming to search for potentially better anticancer agents, a small library of β-C-glycosylated methylidene succinimides have been synthesized under bulk and mechanical grinding conditions using the Wittig olefination reaction. Thus, the reaction of different 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-C-glycosyl aldehydes with N-aryl/alkyl maleimides in the presence of PPh3 at 25 °C under bulk and mechanical grinding conditions results in the formation of stereochemically defined (E)-3-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-C-glycosylmethylidene)-N-alkyl/phenyl succinimides, which upon debenzylation with 1 M BCl3 in DCM at -78 °C lead to the synthesis of (E)-3-(C-glycosylmethylidene)-N-alkyl/phenyl succinimides in good to excellent yields. The developed methodology is efficient and environmentally benign because there is no use of organic solvents, and the products are obtained in a stereochemically defined form and in high yields. The aqueous solubility of all synthesized β-C-glycosylated methylidene succinimides makes them potential candidates for the evaluation of their different biological activities. In the present work, the synthesized glycosylated alkylidine succinimides were subjected to an in-silico molecular docking study against the E6 oncoprotein of high-risk type HPV16, which is responsible for the inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. Analysis of the molecular docking data revealed that the synthesized compounds are effective inhibitors of HPV infection, which is the cause of oral, head and neck, and cervical cancer. In comparison with the positive control 5-FU, an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy, more than fifteen compounds were found to be better E6 protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawani Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India.
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Banty Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110015, India
| | - Aditi Arora
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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5
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Bankar OS, Laha D, Meher KB, Bhat RG. Umpolung Reactivity of Diazo Arylidene Succinimides: Distal C-H Functionalization of α-Thiocarbonyls from the Reactive Carbenoid Center. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300774. [PMID: 37828837 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, for the first time we have explored the umpolung reactivity of the vinylogous carbon center of diazo arylidene succinimide (DAS) through rhodium catalysis to achieve [2,3]-Stevens rearrangement of α-thioether esters. The protocol has successfully demonstrated the distal C-H bond functionalization of the α-thioether esters. Alongside, the carbenoid reactivity of DAS has also been achieved with Doyle-Kirmse reaction of allyl/propargyl phenyl sulfides. The protocol proved to be practical to synthesize a wide variety of [2,3]-Stevens rearrangement products exclusively and the possible side products emanating from Pummerer rearrangement and [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement were not observed. This catalytic protocol works smoothly in environmentally benign solvent under open air to afford the corresponding desired products with excellent diastereo-, regio- and chemo-selectivities in good to excellent yields. The protocol also proved to be scalable on gram quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar S Bankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, NCL Colony, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Debasish Laha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, NCL Colony, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Kajal B Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, NCL Colony, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Ramakrishna G Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, NCL Colony, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
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6
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Li CX, Zhu L, Xiong GY, Fan SL, Dai JJ, Xiao H. Phosphine-Promoted Tandem Intermolecular Diels-Alder Reactions with Pentadienyl 4-Nitrobenzoate as a Diene Precursor. Org Lett 2023; 25:6506-6510. [PMID: 37624728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A phosphine-promoted tandem Diels-Alder reaction using pentadienyl 4-nitrobenzoate (α-vinyl MBH adduct) as a diene precursor with 3-olefinic oxindoles or CF3-activated ketones as dienophiles has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a pentadienyl phosphonium intermediate via SN2'' addition, which acts as both a D-A diene and a precursor for the exomethylene moiety. This method offers a metal-free and step-efficient approach for synthesizing exomethylene-bearing spirooxindoles and dihydropyrans, which are privileged structures found in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Xu Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yin Xiong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Lu Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 485 Danxia Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, P. R. China
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7
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Chauhan P, V. R, Kumar M, Molla R, V. B. U, Rai V. Dis integrate (DIN) Theory Enabling Precision Engineering of Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:137-150. [PMID: 36844488 PMCID: PMC9951294 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical toolbox for the selective modification of proteins has witnessed immense interest in the past few years. The rapid growth of biologics and the need for precision therapeutics have fuelled this growth further. However, the broad spectrum of selectivity parameters creates a roadblock to the field's growth. Additionally, bond formation and dissociation are significantly redefined during the translation from small molecules to proteins. Understanding these principles and developing theories to deconvolute the multidimensional attributes could accelerate the area. This outlook presents a disintegrate (DIN) theory for systematically disintegrating the selectivity challenges through reversible chemical reactions. An irreversible step concludes the reaction sequence to render an integrated solution for precise protein bioconjugation. In this perspective, we highlight the key advancements, unsolved challenges, and potential opportunities.
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8
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Reddy NC, Molla R, Joshi PN, T. K. S, Basu I, Kawadkar J, Kalra N, Mishra RK, Chakrabarty S, Shukla S, Rai V. Traceless cysteine-linchpin enables precision engineering of lysine in native proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6038. [PMID: 36229616 PMCID: PMC9561114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of machinery requires its operational understanding and a toolbox for repair. The methods for the precision engineering of native proteins meet a similar requirement in biosystems. Its success hinges on the principles regulating chemical reactions with a protein. Here, we report a technology that delivers high-level control over reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, dual-probe installation, and protein-selectivity. It utilizes cysteine-based chemoselective Linchpin-Directed site-selective Modification of lysine residue in a protein (LDMC-K). The efficiency of the end-user-friendly protocol is evident in quantitative conversions within an hour. A chemically orthogonal C-S bond-formation and bond-dissociation are essential among multiple regulatory attributes. The method offers protein selectivity by targeting a single lysine residue of a single protein in a complex biomolecular mixture. The protocol renders analytically pure single-site probe-engineered protein bioconjugate. Also, it provides access to homogeneous antibody conjugates (AFC and ADC). The LDMC-K-ADC exhibits highly selective anti-proliferative activity towards breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh C. Reddy
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | - Rajib Molla
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | - Pralhad Namdev Joshi
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | - Sajeev T. K.
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | - Ipsita Basu
- grid.452759.80000 0001 2188 427XDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 106 W.B. India
| | - Jyotsna Kawadkar
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | | | - Ram Kumar Mishra
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | - Suman Chakrabarty
- grid.452759.80000 0001 2188 427XDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 106 W.B. India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
| | - Vishal Rai
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066 M.P. India
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9
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Ahangarpour M, Kavianinia I, Hume PA, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. N-Vinyl Acrylamides: Versatile Heterobifunctional Electrophiles for Thiol-Thiol Bioconjugations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13652-13662. [PMID: 35858283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first examples of thiol-selective heterobifunctional electrophiles, N-vinyl acrylamides, that enable efficient highly selective thiol-thiol bioconjugations and cysteine modification of peptides. We demonstrate that these new classes of thiol-selective scaffolds can readily undergo a thia-Michael addition and an orthogonal radical induced thiol-ene "click" reaction under biocompatible conditions. Furthermore, the formation of an unexpected Markovnikov N,S-acetal hydrothiolation was explained using computational studies. We also reveal that N-methylation of the N-vinyl acrylamide scaffold changes the regioselectivity of the reaction. We demonstrate that use of N-vinyl acrylamides shows promise as an efficient, mild, and exquisite cysteine-selective protocol for facile construction of fluorophore-labeled peptides and proteins and that the resultant conjugates are resistant to degradation and thiol exchange, thus significantly improving their biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ahangarpour
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Hume
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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10
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Shen MH, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Gu J, Liu XQ, Guo J, Ouyang M, Deng L, Xu HD. α-Vinyl azide–cysteine click coupling reaction enabled bioorthogonal peptide/protein modification. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Alkyl and α-aryl vinyl azides were found to be able to couple with cysteine-derived alkyl thiols chemoselectively under mild conditions, providing the corresponding β-ketosulfides with simultaneous extrusion of N2 and ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
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11
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Sornay C, Vaur V, Wagner A, Chaubet G. An overview of chemo- and site-selectivity aspects in the chemical conjugation of proteins. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211563. [PMID: 35116160 PMCID: PMC8790347 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The bioconjugation of proteins-that is, the creation of a covalent link between a protein and any other molecule-has been studied for decades, partly because of the numerous applications of protein conjugates, but also due to the technical challenge it represents. Indeed, proteins possess inner physico-chemical properties-they are sensitive and polynucleophilic macromolecules-that make them complex substrates in conjugation reactions. This complexity arises from the mild conditions imposed by their sensitivity but also from selectivity issues, viz the precise control of the conjugation site on the protein. After decades of research, strategies and reagents have been developed to address two aspects of this selectivity: chemoselectivity-harnessing the reacting chemical functionality-and site-selectivity-controlling the reacting amino acid residue-most notably thanks to the participation of synthetic chemistry in this effort. This review offers an overview of these chemical bioconjugation strategies, insisting on those employing native proteins as substrates, and shows that the field is active and exciting, especially for synthetic chemists seeking new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sornay
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Valentine Vaur
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
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12
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Hartmann RW, Pijnappel M, Nilvebrant J, Helgudottir HR, Asbjarnarson A, Traustadottir GA, Gudjonsson T, Nygren PÅ, Lehmann F, Odell LR. The Wittig bioconjugation of maleimide derived, water soluble phosphonium ylides to aldehyde-tagged proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10417-10423. [PMID: 34817496 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose the transformation of maleimides into water-soluble tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphonium ylides and their subsequent application in the bioconjugation of protein- and peptide-linked aldehydes. The new entry into Wittig bioconjugate chemistry proceeds under mild conditions and relies on highly water soluble reagents, which are likely already part of most biochemists' inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael W Hartmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings allé 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomediciniska Centrum, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagsvägen 30B, 10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Run Helgudottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Asbjarnarson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspítali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagsvägen 30B, 10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings allé 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomediciniska Centrum, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Kumar M, Reddy NC, Rai V. Chemical technologies for precise protein bioconjugation interfacing biology and medicine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7083-7095. [PMID: 34180471 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins provide an excellent means to monitor and regulate biological processes. Hence, a precise chemical toolbox for their modification becomes indispensable. In this perspective, this feature article outlines our efforts to establish the core principles of chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, site-specificity, site-modularity, residue-modularity, and protein-specificity. With the knowledge to systematically regulate these parameters, the field has access to technological platforms that can address multiple challenges at the interface of chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, MP 462 066, India.
| | - Neelesh C Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, MP 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, MP 462 066, India.
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14
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Ge Y, Ye F, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jackstell R, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Aminocarbonylation of Alkynols: Direct and Selective Synthesis of Itaconimides. JACS AU 2021; 1:1257-1265. [PMID: 34467363 PMCID: PMC8397365 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The first direct and selective synthesis of substituted itaconimdes by palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of alkynols is reported. Key to the success of this transformation is the use of a novel catalyst system involving ligand L11 and appropriate reaction conditions. In the protocol here presented, easily available propargylic alcohols react with N-nucleophiles including aryl- and alkylamines as well as aryl hydrazines to provide a broad variety of interesting heterocycles with high catalyst activity and excellent selectivity. The synthetic utility of the protocol is demonstrated in the synthesis of natural product 11 with aminocarbonylation as the key step. Mechanistic studies and control experiments reveal the crucial role of the hydroxyl group in the substrate for the control of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology
of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, 311121 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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15
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Cooper CE, Bird M, Sheng X, Choi JW, Silkstone GGA, Simons M, Syrett N, Piano R, Ronda L, Bettati S, Paredi G, Mozzarelli A, Reeder BJ. Stability of Maleimide-PEG and Mono-Sulfone-PEG Conjugation to a Novel Engineered Cysteine in the Human Hemoglobin Alpha Subunit. Front Chem 2021; 9:707797. [PMID: 34381760 PMCID: PMC8350135 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.707797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to use a Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier as an oxygen therapeutic or blood substitute, it is necessary to increase the size of the hemoglobin molecule to prevent rapid renal clearance. A common method uses maleimide PEGylation of sulfhydryls created by the reaction of 2-iminothiolane at surface lysines. However, this creates highly heterogenous mixtures of molecules. We recently engineered a hemoglobin with a single novel, reactive cysteine residue on the surface of the alpha subunit creating a single PEGylation site (βCys93Ala/αAla19Cys). This enabled homogenous PEGylation by maleimide-PEG with >80% efficiency and no discernible effect on protein function. However, maleimide-PEG adducts are subject to deconjugation via retro-Michael reactions and cross-conjugation to endogenous thiol species in vivo. We therefore compared our maleimide-PEG adduct with one created using a mono-sulfone-PEG less susceptible to deconjugation. Mono-sulfone-PEG underwent reaction at αAla19Cys hemoglobin with > 80% efficiency, although some side reactions were observed at higher PEG:hemoglobin ratios; the adduct bound oxygen with similar affinity and cooperativity as wild type hemoglobin. When directly compared to maleimide-PEG, the mono-sulfone-PEG adduct was significantly more stable when incubated at 37°C for seven days in the presence of 1 mM reduced glutathione. Hemoglobin treated with mono-sulfone-PEG retained > 90% of its conjugation, whereas for maleimide-PEG < 70% of the maleimide-PEG conjugate remained intact. Although maleimide-PEGylation is certainly stable enough for acute therapeutic use as an oxygen therapeutic, for pharmaceuticals intended for longer vascular retention (weeks-months), reagents such as mono-sulfone-PEG may be more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Cooper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Gary G A Silkstone
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Simons
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Syrett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Piano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ronda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Brandon J Reeder
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Costa AM, Bosch L, Petit E, Vilarrasa J. Computational Study of the Addition of Methanethiol to 40+ Michael Acceptors as a Model for the Bioconjugation of Cysteines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7107-7118. [PMID: 33914532 PMCID: PMC8631706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A long series of Michael acceptors are studied computationally as potential alternatives to the maleimides that are used in most antibody-drug conjugates to link Cys of mAbs with cytotoxic drugs. The products of the reaction of methanethiol (CH3SH/MeSH, as a simple model of Cys) with N-methylated ethynesulfonamide, 2-ethynylpyridinium ion, propynamide, and methyl ethynephosphonamidate (that is, with HC≡C-EWG) are predicted by the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) method to be thermodynamically more stable, in relation to their precursors, than that of MeSH with N-methylmaleimide and, in general, with H2C═CH-EWG; calculations with AcCysOMe and tBuSH are also included. However, for the addition of the anion (MeS-), which is the reactive species, the order changes and N-methylated 2-vinylpyridinium ion, 2,3-butadienamide, and maleimide may give more easily the anionic adducts than several activated triple bonds; moreover, the calculated ΔG⧧ values increase following the order HC≡C-SO2NHMe, N-methylmaleimide, HC≡C-PO(OMe)NHMe, and HC≡C-CONHMe. In other words, MeS- is predicted to react more rapidly with maleimides than with ethynephosphonamidates and with propynamides, in agreement with the experimental results. New mechanistic details are disclosed regarding the advantageous use of some amides, especially of ethynesulfonamides, which, however, are more prone to double additions and exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Costa
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Petit
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Park Y, Baumann AL, Moon H, Byrne S, Kasper MA, Hwang S, Sun H, Baik MH, Hackenberger CPR. The mechanism behind enhanced reactivity of unsaturated phosphorus(v) electrophiles towards thiols. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8141-8148. [PMID: 34194704 PMCID: PMC8208129 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01730f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinyl- and ethynyl phosphorus(v) electrophiles are a versatile class of thiol-reactive reagents suitable for cysteine-selective peptide and protein modifications, especially for the generation of antibody conjugates. Herein we investigated the reactivity of various P(v) reagents towards thiol addition. Complementing previous studies, we observed that the heteroatoms X (X = S, O, NH) as well as the vinyl- vs. ethynyl-substituent bound to phosphorus greatly influence the overall reactivity. These experimentally observed trends, as well as the high Z-selectivity for thiol additions to ethynyl derivatives, were further elucidated using DFT calculations. Hyperconjugation was a key means of stabilizing the intermediate generated upon the thiol addition, thus determining both the reactivity and stereoselectivity of unsaturated P(v) electrophiles. Specifically, the energetically low-lying σ antibonding orbital of the P–S bond more readily stabilizes the electron density from the lone pair (LP) of the generated carbanion, rendering the phosphonothiolates more reactive compared to the derivatives bearing oxygen and nitrogen. Our studies provide a detailed mechanistic picture for designing P(v)-based electrophiles with fine-tuned reactivity profiles. Computational analysis of different unsaturated phosphorus(v) electrophiles revealed a mechanistic picture to rationalize their selectivity and reactivity in cysteine-selective peptide and protein modifications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Alice L Baumann
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany .,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Hyejin Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany .,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Marc-André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany .,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Songhwan Hwang
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Han Sun
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany .,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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18
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De Geyter E, Antonatou E, Kalaitzakis D, Smolen S, Iyer A, Tack L, Ongenae E, Vassilikogiannakis G, Madder A. 5-Hydroxy-pyrrolone based building blocks as maleimide alternatives for protein bioconjugation and single-site multi-functionalization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5246-5252. [PMID: 34163760 PMCID: PMC8179572 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05881e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent dramatic expansion in potential uses of protein conjugates has fueled the development of a wide range of protein modification methods; however, the desirable single-site multi-functionalization of proteins has remained a particularly intransigent challenge. Herein, we present the application of 5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones (5HP2Os) as advantageous alternatives to widely used maleimides for the chemo- and site-selective labeling of cysteine residues within proteins. A variety of 5HP2O building blocks have been synthesized using a one-pot photooxidation reaction starting from simple and readily accessible furans and using visible light and oxygen. These novel reagents display excellent cysteine selectivity and also yield thiol conjugates with superior stability. 5HP2O building blocks offer a unique opportunity to introduce multiple new functionalities into a protein at a single site and in a single step, thus, significantly enhancing the resultant conjugate's properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewout De Geyter
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Eirini Antonatou
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Sabina Smolen
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Laure Tack
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Emiel Ongenae
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group OBCR, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
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19
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) target two different epitopes. These are an up-and-coming class of biologics, with two such therapeutics (emicizumab and blinatumomab) FDA approved and on the market, and many more in clinical trials. While the first reported bsAbs were constructed by chemical methods, this approach has fallen out of favour with the advent of modern genetic engineering techniques and, nowadays, the vast majority of bsAbs are produced by protein engineering. However, in recent years, relying on innovations in the fields of bioconjugation and bioorthogonal click chemistry, new chemical methods have appeared that have the potential to be competitive with protein engineering techniques and, indeed, hold some advantages. These approaches offer modularity, reproducibility and batch-to-batch consistency, as well as the integration of handles, whereby additional cargo molecules can be attached easily, e.g. to generate bispecific antibody-drug conjugates. The linker between the antibodies/antibody fragments can also be easily varied, and new formats (types, defined by structural properties or by construction methodology) can be generated rapidly. These attributes offer the potential to revolutionize the field. Here, we review chemical methods for the generation of bsAbs, showing that the newest examples of these techniques are worthy competitors to the industry-standard expression-based strategies.
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20
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Convenient preparation of (E)-3-arylidene-4-diazopyrrolidine-2,5-diones in array format. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Chemoselective bioconjugation based on modular click chemistry with 4-halocoumarins and aryl sulfonates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18960-18965. [PMID: 35478620 PMCID: PMC9033492 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report chemoselective and modular peptide bioconjugation using stoichiometric amounts of 4-halocoumarin and arylsulfonate agents that undergo metal-free C(sp2)-heteroatom bond formation at micromolar concentrations. The underlying ipso-substitution click chemistry is irreversible and generates stable and inherently fluorescent bioconjugates, and the broad selection of coumarin tags offers high labeling flexibility and versatility. Different coumarins and arylsulfonates can be selectively attached to amino and thiol groups in the small peptides glutathione and ornipressin, and both free as well as latent thiols captured in disulfide bridges can be targeted if desired. The broad utility, ease of use, storage, and preparation of 4-halocoumarins and arylsulfonates are very attractive features that extend currently available dual bioconjugation capabilities. We report chemoselective and modular peptide bioconjugation using stoichiometric amounts of 4-halocoumarin and arylsulfonate agents that undergo metal-free C(sp2)-heteroatom bond formation at micromolar concentrations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgetown University
- Washington
- USA
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22
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Lahnsteiner M, Kastner A, Mayr J, Roller A, Keppler BK, Kowol CR. Improving the Stability of Maleimide-Thiol Conjugation for Drug Targeting. Chemistry 2020; 26:15867-15870. [PMID: 32871016 PMCID: PMC7756610 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maleimides are essential compounds for drug conjugation reactions via thiols to antibodies, peptides and other targeting units. However, one main drawback is the occurrence of thiol exchange reactions with, for example, glutathione resulting in loss of the targeting ability. A new strategy to overcome such retro-Michael exchange processes of maleimide-thiol conjugates by stabilization of the thiosuccinimide via a transcyclization reaction is presented. This reaction enables the straightforward synthesis of stable maleimide-thiol adducts essential in drug-conjugation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lahnsteiner
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Kastner
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Josef Mayr
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster „Translational Cancer Therapy Research“Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster „Translational Cancer Therapy Research“Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
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23
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Dar’in D, Krasavin M, Chupakhin E, Gecht M, Ivanov A, Kantin G. (E)-3-Arylidene-4-diazopyrrolidine-2,5-diones: Preparation and Use in RhII-Catalyzed X–H Insertion Reactions towards Novel, Medicinally Important Michael Acceptors. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of readily available 1-aryl-3-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-diones in high yielding direct diazo-transfer reactions and subsequent involvement of the resulting diazo compounds in RhII-catalyzed O–H, S–H, and N–H insertion reactions delivered 4-substituted 1-aryl-3-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-diones of defined regiochemistry and geometrical configuration. These products are intended to be studied as Michael acceptors capable of inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, a promising cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
| | | | - Martha Gecht
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University
| | | | - Grigory Kantin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University
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24
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Vamisetti GB, Satish G, Sulkshane P, Mann G, Glickman MH, Brik A. On-Demand Detachment of Succinimides on Cysteine to Facilitate (Semi)Synthesis of Challenging Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19558-19569. [PMID: 33136379 PMCID: PMC7705887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
maleimide group is a widely used reagent for bioconjugation
of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides employing Michael addition
and Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions. However, the utility
of this functionality in chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins
remains unexplored. We report, for the first time that PdII complexes can mediate the efficient removal of various succinimide
derivatives in aqueous conditions. Succinimide removal by PdII was applied for the synthesis of two ubiquitin activity-based probes
(Ub-ABPs) employing solid phase chemical ligation (SPCL). SPCL was
achieved through a sequential three segment ligation on a polymer
support via a maleimide anchor. The obtained probes successfully formed
the expected covalent complexes with deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)
USP2 and USP7, highlighting the use of our new method for efficient
preparation of unique synthetic proteins. Importantly, we demonstrate
the advantages of our newly developed method for the protection and
deprotection of native cysteine with a succinimide group in a peptide
fragment derived from thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) obtained via intein based
expression to enable ligation/desulfurization and subsequent disulfide
bond formation in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga B Vamisetti
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Gandhesiri Satish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Prasad Sulkshane
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Guy Mann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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25
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Thiol-Reactive PODS-Bearing Bifunctional Chelators for the Development of EGFR-Targeting [ 18F]AlF-Affibody Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071562. [PMID: 32235296 PMCID: PMC7180749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-selective bioconjugation of cysteine-containing peptides and proteins is currently achieved via a maleimide–thiol reaction (Michael addition). When maleimide-functionalized chelators are used and the resulting bioconjugates are subsequently radiolabeled, instability has been observed both during radiosynthesis and post-injection in vivo, reducing radiochemical yield and negatively impacting performance. Recently, a phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfone derivative (PODS) was proposed as an alternative to maleimide for the site-selective conjugation and radiolabeling of proteins, demonstrating improved in vitro stability and in vivo performance. Therefore, we have synthesized two novel PODS-bearing bifunctional chelators (NOTA-PODS and NODAGA-PODS) and attached them to the EGFR-targeting affibody molecule ZEGFR:03115. After radiolabeling with the aluminum fluoride complex ([18F]AlF), both conjugates showed good stability in murine serum. When injected in high EGFR-expressing tumor-bearing mice, [18F]AlF-NOTA-PODS-ZEGFR:03115 and [18F]AlF-NODAGA-PODS-ZEGFR:03115 showed similar pharmacokinetics and a specific tumor uptake of 14.1 ± 5.3% and 16.7 ± 4.5% ID/g at 1 h post-injection, respectively. The current results are encouraging for using PODS as an alternative to maleimide-based thiol-selective bioconjugation reactions.
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26
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Marmelstein AM, Lobba MJ, Mogilevsky CS, Maza JC, Brauer DD, Francis MB. Tyrosinase-Mediated Oxidative Coupling of Tyrosine Tags on Peptides and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5078-5086. [PMID: 32093466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative coupling (OC) through o-quinone intermediates has been established as an efficient and site-selective way to modify protein N-termini and the unnatural amino acid p-aminophenylalanine (paF). Recently, we reported that the tyrosinase-mediated oxidation of phenol-tagged cargo molecules is a particularly convenient method of generating o-quinones in situ. The coupling partners can be easily prepared and stored, the reaction takes place under mild conditions (phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, 4 to 23 °C), and dissolved oxygen is the only oxidant required. Here, we show an important extension of this chemistry for the activation of tyrosine residues that project into solution from the N or C-termini of peptide and protein substrates. Generating the o-quinone electrophiles from tyrosine allows greater flexibility in choosing the nucleophilic coupling partner and expands the scope of the reaction to include C-terminal positions. We also introduce a new bacterial tyrosinase enzyme that shows improved activation for some tyrosine substrates. The efficacy of several secondary amines and aniline derivatives was evaluated in the coupling reactions, providing important information for coupling partner design. This strategy was used to modify the C-termini of an antibody scFv construct and of Protein L, a human IgG kappa light chain binding protein. The use of the modified proteins as immunolabeling agents was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Marmelstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marco J Lobba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Casey S Mogilevsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johnathan C Maza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel D Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Chen Y, Yang W, Wu J, Sun W, Loh TP, Jiang Y. 2H-Azirines as Potential Bifunctional Chemical Linkers of Cysteine Residues in Bioconjugate Technology. Org Lett 2020; 22:2038-2043. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wangbin Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Cysteine-specific protein multi-functionalization and disulfide bridging using 3-bromo-5-methylene pyrrolones. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1015. [PMID: 32081914 PMCID: PMC7035330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reagents have been developed for cysteine-specific protein modification. However, few of them allow for multi-functionalization of a single Cys residue and disulfide bridging bioconjugation. Herein, we report 3-bromo-5-methylene pyrrolones (3Br-5MPs) as a simple, robust, and versatile class of reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification. These compounds can be facilely synthesized via a one-pot mild reaction and they show comparable tagging efficiency but higher cysteine specificity than the maleimide counterparts. The addition of cysteine to 3Br-5MPs generates conjugates that are amenable to secondary addition by another thiol or cysteine, making 3Br-5MPs valuable for multi-functionalization of a single cysteine and disulfide bridging bioconjugation. The labeling reaction and subsequent treatments are mild enough to produce stable and active protein conjugates for biological applications. Many reagents have been developed for cysteine-specific protein modification. However, few of them allow for multi-functionalization of a single Cys residue and disulfide bridging bioconjugation. Here the authors report 3-bromo-5-methylene pyrrolones as a simple, robust and versatile class of reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification.
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29
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Reddy NC, Kumar M, Molla R, Rai V. Chemical methods for modification of proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4669-4691. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of protein bioconjugation draws attention from stakeholders in chemistry, biology, and medicine. This review provides an overview of the present status, challenges, and opportunities for organic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh C. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India
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30
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Luo K, Bao Y, Liu F, Xiao C, Li K, Zhang C, Huang R, Lin J, Zhang J, Jin Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzylidene-succinimide derivatives as noncytotoxic antiangiogenic inhibitors with anticolorectal cancer activity in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:805-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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32
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Petit E, Bosch L, Costa AM, Vilarrasa J. (Z)-Oxopropene-1,3-diyl, a Linker for the Conjugation of the Thiol Group of Cysteine with Amino-Derivatized Drugs. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11170-11176. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petit
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna M. Costa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kasper M, Stengl A, Ochtrop P, Gerlach M, Stoschek T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Penkert M, Krause E, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Ethynylphosphonamidates for the Rapid and Cysteine‐Selective Generation of Efficacious Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Philipp Ochtrop
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Tina Stoschek
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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35
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Kasper MA, Stengl A, Ochtrop P, Gerlach M, Stoschek T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Penkert M, Krause E, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Ethynylphosphonamidates for the Rapid and Cysteine-Selective Generation of Efficacious Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11631-11636. [PMID: 31250955 PMCID: PMC6851832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Requirements for novel bioconjugation reactions for the synthesis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are exceptionally high, since conjugation selectivity as well as the stability and hydrophobicity of linkers and payloads drastically influence the performance and safety profile of the final product. We report Cys‐selective ethynylphosphonamidates as new reagents for the rapid generation of efficacious ADCs from native non‐engineered monoclonal antibodies through a simple one‐pot reduction and alkylation. Ethynylphosphonamidates can be easily substituted with hydrophilic residues, giving rise to electrophilic labeling reagents with tunable solubility properties. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidate‐linked ADCs have excellent properties for next‐generation antibody therapeutics in terms of serum stability and in vivo antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Ochtrop
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tina Stoschek
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Kasper MA, Glanz M, Stengl A, Penkert M, Klenk S, Sauer T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Krause E, Cardoso MC, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Cysteine-Selective Phosphonamidate Electrophiles for Modular Protein Bioconjugations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11625-11630. [PMID: 30828930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new technique in protein synthesis that extends the existing repertoire of methods for protein modification: A chemoselective reaction that induces reactivity for a subsequent bioconjugation. An azide-modified building block reacts first with an ethynylphosphonite through a Staudinger-phosphonite reaction (SPhR) to give an ethynylphosphonamidate. The resulting electron-deficient triple bond subsequently undergoes a cysteine-selective reaction with proteins or antibodies. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidates display excellent cysteine-selective reactivity combined with superior stability of the thiol adducts, when compared to classical maleimide linkages. This turns our technique into a versatile and powerful tool for the facile construction of stable functional protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Glanz
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Klenk
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Sauer
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Cristina Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Kasper M, Glanz M, Stengl A, Penkert M, Klenk S, Sauer T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Krause E, Cardoso MC, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Cysteinselektive phosphonamidatbasierte Elektrophile für modulare Biokonjugationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Kasper
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Glanz
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Simon Klenk
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Tom Sauer
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
| | - M. Cristina Cardoso
- Department Biologie Technische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstraße 10 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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Riemer N, Shipman M, Wessig P, Schmidt B. Iterative Arylation of Itaconimides with Diazonium Salts through Electrophilic Palladium Catalysis: Divergent β-H-Elimination Pathways in Repetitive Matsuda–Heck Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5732-5746. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nastja Riemer
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Michael Shipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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39
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Conibear AC, Muttenthaler M. Advancing the Frontiers of Chemical Protein Synthesis-The 7 th CPS Meeting, Haifa, Israel. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 25:247-254. [PMID: 29547714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The 7th Chemical Protein Synthesis Meeting took place in September 2017 in Haifa, Israel, bringing together 100 scientists from 11 countries. The cutting-edge scientific program included new synthetic strategies and ligation auxiliaries, novel insights into protein signaling and post-translational modifications, and a range of promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Conibear
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia.
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40
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Dinitroimidazoles as bifunctional bioconjugation reagents for protein functionalization and peptide macrocyclization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:142. [PMID: 30635561 PMCID: PMC6329768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and site-specific chemical modification of proteins under physiological conditions remains a challenge. Here we report that 1,4-dinitroimidazoles are highly efficient bifunctional bioconjugation reagents for protein functionalization and peptide macrocyclization. Under acidic to neutral aqueous conditions, 1,4-dinitroimidazoles react specifically with cysteines via a cine-substitution mechanism, providing rapid, stable and chemoselective protein bioconjugation. On the other hand, although unreactive towards amine groups under neutral aqueous conditions, 1,4-dinitroimidazoles react with lysines in organic solvents in the presence of base through a ring-opening & ring-close mechanism. The resulting cysteine- and lysine-(4-nitroimidazole) linkages exhibit stability superior to that of commonly employed maleimide-thiol conjugates. We demonstrate that 1,4-dinitroimidazoles can be applied in site-specific protein bioconjugation with functionalities such as fluorophores and bioactive peptides. Furthermore, a bisfunctional 1,4-dinitroimidazole derivative provides facile access to peptide macrocycles by crosslinking a pair of cysteine or lysine residues, including bicyclic peptides of complex architectures through highly controlled consecutive peptide macrocyclization. The selective formation of protein bioconjugates under physiological conditions is a challenging task. Here, the authors report that 1,4-dinitroimidazoles are reagents of choice for protein bioconjugation at either cysteine or lysine sites within short times and provide facile access to peptide macrocycles.
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Parmar S, Pawar SP, Iyer R, Kalia D. Aldehyde-mediated bioconjugation via in situ generated ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14926-14929. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07443k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a technically simple approach for rapid, high-yielding and site-selective aldehyde-mediated bioconjugation for protein labelling and cellular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Parmar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Sharad P. Pawar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Ramkumar Iyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Dimpy Kalia
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
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43
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Szijj PA, Bahou C, Chudasama V. Minireview: Addressing the retro-Michael instability of maleimide bioconjugates. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:27-34. [PMID: 30553517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation, the modification of biological macromolecules such as proteins, is an up and coming area in the field of chemical biology. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), combining the antigen-selectivity of natural antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of small molecule drugs, are a powerful therapeutic technology. Four such constructs are currently on the market for cancer therapy. However, the conjugation methodology employed in these therapeutics is far from ideal. Herein we provide an overview on methods that attempt to increase the safety and efficacy of ADCs via "self-hydrolysing maleimides" or by improving the stability of maleimide-conjugates by other means. We find that some very promising reagents have been reported, however the mechanism by which each of these reagents acts is not clear, thus limiting rational design for some strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szijj
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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44
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Efficient and irreversible antibody–cysteine bioconjugation using carbonylacrylic reagents. Nat Protoc 2018; 14:86-99. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Ravasco JMJM, Faustino H, Trindade A, Gois PMP. Bioconjugation with Maleimides: A Useful Tool for Chemical Biology. Chemistry 2018; 25:43-59. [PMID: 30095185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide chemistry stands out in the bioconjugation toolbox by virtue of its synthetic accessibility, excellent reactivity, and practicability. The second-generation of clinically approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and much of the current ADC pipeline in clinical trials contain the maleimide linkage. However, thiosuccinimide linkages are now known to be less robust than once thought, and ergo, are correlated with suboptimal pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles in some ADC constructs. Rational design of novel generations of maleimides and maleimide-type reagents have been reported to address the shortcomings of classical maleimides, allowing for the formation of robust bioconjugate linkages. This review highlights the main strategies for rational reagent design that have allowed irreversible bioconjugations in cysteines, reversible labelling strategies and disulfide re-bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M J M Ravasco
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Faustino
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Trindade
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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46
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Huang R, Li Z, Sheng Y, Yu J, Wu Y, Zhan Y, Chen H, Jiang B. N-Methyl-N-phenylvinylsulfonamides for Cysteine-Selective Conjugation. Org Lett 2018; 20:6526-6529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yao Sheng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianghui Yu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuexiong Zhan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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47
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Affibody-derived drug conjugates: Potent cytotoxic molecules for treatment of HER2 over-expressing tumors. J Control Release 2018; 288:84-95. [PMID: 30172673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with HER2-positive tumors often suffer resistance to therapy, warranting development of novel treatment modalities. Affibody molecules are small affinity proteins which can be engineered to bind to desired targets. They have in recent years been found to allow precise targeting of cancer specific molecular signatures such as the HER2 receptor. In this study, we have investigated the potential of an affibody molecule targeting HER2, ZHER2:2891, conjugated with the cytotoxic maytansine derivate MC-DM1, for targeted cancer therapy. ZHER2:2891 was expressed as a monomer (ZHER2:2891), dimer ((ZHER2:2891)2) and dimer with an albumin binding domain (ABD) for half-life extension ((ZHER2:2891)2-ABD). All proteins had a unique C-terminal cysteine that could be used for efficient and site-specific conjugation with MC-DM1. The resulting affibody drug conjugates were potent cytotoxic molecules for human cells over-expressing HER2, with sub-nanomolar IC50-values similar to trastuzumab emtansine, and did not affect cells with low HER2 expression. A biodistribution study of a radiolabeled version of (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-MC-DM1, showed that it was taken up by the tumor. The major site of off-target uptake was the kidneys and to some extent the liver. (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-MC-DM1 was found to have a half-life in circulation of 14 h. The compound was tolerated well by mice at 8.5 mg/kg and was shown to extend survival of mice bearing HER2 over-expressing tumors. The findings in this study show that affibody molecules are a promising class of engineered affinity proteins to specifically deliver small molecular drugs to cancer cells and that such conjugates are potential candidates for clinical evaluation on HER2-overexpressing cancers.
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Abstract
The conjugation of biomolecules can impart materials with the bioactivity necessary to modulate specific cell behaviors. While the biological roles of particular polypeptide, oligonucleotide, and glycan structures have been extensively reviewed, along with the influence of attachment on material structure and function, the key role played by the conjugation strategy in determining activity is often overlooked. In this review, we focus on the chemistry of biomolecule conjugation and provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies for achieving controlled biomaterial functionalization. No universal method exists to provide optimal attachment, and here we will discuss both the relative advantages and disadvantages of each technique. In doing so, we highlight the importance of carefully considering the impact and suitability of a particular technique during biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Spicer
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Thomas Pashuck
- NJ
Centre for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey United States
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom
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Renault K, Fredy JW, Renard PY, Sabot C. Covalent Modification of Biomolecules through Maleimide-Based Labeling Strategies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2497-2513. [PMID: 29954169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their first use in bioconjugation more than 50 years ago, maleimides have become privileged chemical partners for the site-selective modification of proteins via thio-Michael addition of biothiols and, to a lesser extent, via Diels-Alder (DA) reactions with biocompatible dienes. Prominent examples include immunotoxins and marketed maleimide-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as Adcetris, which are used in cancer therapies. Among the key factors in the success of these groups is the availability of several maleimides that can be N-functionalized by fluorophores, affinity tags, spin labels, and pharmacophores, as well as their unique reactivities in terms of selectivity and kinetics. However, maleimide conjugate reactions have long been considered irreversible, and only recently have systematic studies regarding their reversibility and stability toward hydrolysis been reported. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications for maleimides in bioconjugation, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, which are being overcome by recent strategies. Finally, the fluorescence quenching ability of maleimides was leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probes, which are mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes. A summary of the reported structures, their photophysical features, and their relative efficiencies is discussed in the last part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Jean Wilfried Fredy
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
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Jalde SS, Chauhan AK, Lee JH, Chaturvedi PK, Park JS, Kim YW. Synthesis of novel Chlorin e6-curcumin conjugates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against pancreatic carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:66-76. [PMID: 29421571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (cur) has been comprehensively studied for its various biological properties, more precisely for its antitumor potential and it has shown the promising results as well. On the other hand, Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has mostly been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against a variety of carcinomas. In the present study, we have synthesized a series of Chlorin e6-curcumin (Ce6-cur) conjugates and investigated their photosensitizing potential against pancreatic cancer cell lines. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. These Ce6-cur conjugates showed better physicochemical properties and higher singlet oxygen generation capability. The cellular uptake was studied in AsPC-1 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Compound 17 was rapidly internalized within 30 min and sustained for 24 h. Compound 17 showed excellent PDT efficacy with IC50 of 40, 35 and 41 nM against AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 respectively with exceptional dark/phototoxicity ratio in the range of 2371-7500. Moreover, the treatment of compound 17 upregulated the expression of BAX, Cytochrome-C and cleaved caspase 9 while downregulating the Bcl-2 expression an anti-apoptotic protein marker. These results demonstrate outstanding capability of compound 17 as a potent photosensitizer which could improve the PDT efficacy in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar S Jalde
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
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