1
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Poole W, Peron F, Fox SJ, Wells N, Skylaris CK, Essex JW, Kuprov I, Linclau B. Conformational Analysis of 1,3-Difluorinated Alkanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8789-8803. [PMID: 38820049 PMCID: PMC11197103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fluorine substitution can have a profound impact on molecular conformation. Here, we present a detailed conformational analysis of how the 1,3-difluoropropylene motif (-CHF-CH2-CHF-) determines the conformational profiles of 1,3-difluoropropane, anti- and syn-2,4-difluoropentane, and anti- and syn-3,5-difluoroheptane. It is shown that the 1,3-difluoropropylene motif strongly influences alkane chain conformation, with a significant dependence on the polarity of the medium. The conformational effect of 1,3-fluorination is magnified upon chain extension, which contrasts with vicinal difluorination. Experimental evidence was obtained from NMR analysis, where polynomial complexity scaling simulation algorithms were necessary to enable J-coupling extraction from the strong second-order spectra, particularly for the large 16-spin systems of the difluorinated heptanes. These results improve our understanding of the conformational control toolkit for aliphatic chains, yield simple rules for conformation population analysis, and demonstrate quantum mechanical time-domain NMR simulations for liquid state systems with large numbers of strongly coupled spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
G. Poole
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Florent Peron
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Fox
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Neil Wells
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Jonathan W. Essex
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan
281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Lessard O, Lainé D, Fecteau CÉ, Johnson PA, Giguère D. Fundamental curiosity of multivicinal inter-halide stereocenters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01433e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective strategy allowed the striking impact of a single halogen on the physical properties of inter-halide alkane units to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lessard
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Danny Lainé
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Charles-Émile Fecteau
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Paul A. Johnson
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
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3
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Meyer S, Häfliger J, Gilmour R. Expanding organofluorine chemical space: the design of chiral fluorinated isosteres enabled by I(i)/I(iii) catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10686-10695. [PMID: 34476053 PMCID: PMC8372324 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Short aliphatic groups are prevalent in bioactive small molecules and play an essential role in regulating physicochemistry and molecular recognition phenomena. Delineating their biological origins and significance have resulted in landmark developments in synthetic organic chemistry: Arigoni's venerable synthesis of the chiral methyl group is a personal favourite. Whilst radioisotopes allow the steric footprint of the native group to be preserved, this strategy was never intended for therapeutic chemotype development. In contrast, leveraging H → F bioisosterism provides scope to complement the chiral, radioactive bioisostere portfolio and to reach unexplored areas of chiral chemical space for small molecule drug discovery. Accelerated by advances in I(i)/I(iii) catalysis, the current arsenal of achiral 2D and 3D drug discovery modules is rapidly expanding to include chiral units with unprecedented topologies and van der Waals volumes. This Perspective surveys key developments in the design and synthesis of short multivicinal fluoroalkanes under the auspices of main group catalysis paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Meyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Joel Häfliger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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4
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Ariawan AD, Mansour F, Richardson N, Bhadbhade M, Ho J, Hunter L. The Effect of Vicinal Difluorination on the Conformation and Potency of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133974. [PMID: 34209791 PMCID: PMC8271401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) are potential targets for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, but it is challenging to design isoform-selective agents. In this work, we created new analogs of two established but non-selective HDAC inhibitors. We decorated the central linker chains of the molecules with specifically positioned fluorine atoms in order to control the molecular conformations. The fluorinated analogs were screened against a panel of 11 HDAC isoforms, and minor differences in isoform selectivity patterns were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daryl Ariawan
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Flora Mansour
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Troup RI, Jeffries B, Saudain REB, Georgiou E, Fish J, Scott JS, Chiarparin E, Fallan C, Linclau B. Skipped Fluorination Motifs: Synthesis of Building Blocks and Comparison of Lipophilicity Trends with Vicinal and Isolated Fluorination Motifs. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1882-1900. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert I. Troup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Benjamin Jeffries
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | | | - Eleni Georgiou
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Johanna Fish
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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6
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Moss III FR, Cabrera GE, McKenna GM, Salerno GJ, Shuken SR, Landry ML, Weiss TM, Burns NZ, Boxer SG. Halogenation-Dependent Effects of the Chlorosulfolipids of Ochromonas danica on Lipid Bilayers. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2986-2995. [PMID: 33035052 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chlorosulfolipids are amphiphilic natural products with stereochemically complex patterns of chlorination and sulfation. Despite their role in toxic shellfish poisoning, potential pharmacological activities, and unknown biological roles, they remain understudied due to the difficulties in purifying them from natural sources. The structure of these molecules, with a charged sulfate group in the middle of the hydrophobic chain, appears incompatible with the conventional lipid bilayer structure. Questions about chlorosulfolipids remain unanswered partly due to the unavailability of structural analogues with which to conduct structure-function studies. We approach this problem by combining enantioselective total synthesis and membrane biophysics. Using a combination of Langmuir pressure-area isotherms of lipid monolayers, fluorescence imaging of vesicles, mass spectrometry imaging, natural product isolation, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryogenic electron microscopy, we show that danicalipin A (1) likely inserts into lipid bilayers in the headgroup region and alters their structure and phase behavior. Specifically, danicalipin A (1) thins the bilayer and fluidizes it, allowing even saturated lipid to form fluid bilayers. Lipid monolayers show similar fluidizing upon insertion of danicalipin A (1). Furthermore, we show that the halogenation of the molecule is critical for its membrane activity, likely due to sterically controlled conformational changes. Synthetic unchlorinated and monochlorinated analogues do not thin and fluidize lipid bilayers to the same extent as the natural product. Overall, this study sheds light on how amphiphilic small molecules interact with lipid bilayers and the importance of stereochemistry and halogenation for this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Moss III
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gabrielle E. Cabrera
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Grace M. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Giulio J. Salerno
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steven R. Shuken
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew L. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Noah Z. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steven G. Boxer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Ma L, Kou L, Jin F, Cheng X, Tao S, Jiang G, Bao X, Wan X. Acyclic nitronate olefin cycloaddition (ANOC): regio- and stereospecific synthesis of isoxazolines. Chem Sci 2020; 12:774-779. [PMID: 34163811 PMCID: PMC8178991 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first demonstrations of intra- and intermolecular acyclic nitronate olefin cycloaddition (ANOC) reactions that enable the highly efficient syntheses of isoxazolines bearing various functional groups. This general approach to accessing γ-lactone fused isoxazolines was hitherto unprecedented. The room temperature transformations reported herein exhibit wide substrate scopes, as evidenced by more than 70 examples, including the generation of five tricyclic isoxazolines. The robustness of this methodology was confirmed by a series of trials that afforded highly functionalized isoxazolines. Both experimental results and density functional theory calculations indicate that these transformations proceed via the in situ formation of acyclic nitronates together with concerted [3+2] cycloaddition and tert-butyloxy group elimination processes to give regio- and stereospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Luyao Kou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xionglve Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Suyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Gangzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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8
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Erdeljac N, Thiehoff C, Jumde RP, Daniliuc CG, Höppner S, Faust A, Hirsch AKH, Gilmour R. Validating the 1,2-Difluoro Motif As a Hybrid Bioisostere of CF3 and Et Using Matrix Metalloproteinases As Structural Probes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6225-6237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Erdeljac
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thiehoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ravindra P. Jumde
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra Höppner
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Gropp C, Fischer S, Husch T, Trapp N, Carreira EM, Diederich F. Molecular Recognition and Cocrystallization of Methylated and Halogenated Fragments of Danicalipin A by Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cage Receptors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4749-4755. [PMID: 32114766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure (P)4- and (M)4-configured alleno-acetylenic cage (AAC) receptors offer a highly defined interior for the complexation and structure elucidation of small molecule fragments of the stereochemically complex chlorosulfolipid danicalipin A. Solution (NMR), solid state (X-ray), and theoretical investigations of the formed host-guest complexes provide insight into the conformational preferences of 14 achiral and chiral derivatives of the danicalipin A chlorohydrin core in a confined, mostly hydrophobic environment, extending previously reported studies in polar solvents. The conserved binding mode of the guests permits deciphering the effect of functional group replacements on Gibbs binding energies ΔG. A strong contribution of conformational energies toward the binding affinities is revealed, which explains why the denser packing of larger apolar domains of the guests does not necessarily lead to higher association. Enantioselective binding of chiral guests, with energetic differences ΔΔG293 K up to 0.7 kcal mol-1 between diastereoisomeric complexes, is explained by hydrogen- and halogen-bonding, as well as dispersion interactions. Calorimetric studies (ITC) show that the stronger binding of one enantiomer is accompanied by an increased gain in enthalpy ΔH but at the cost of a larger entropic penalty TΔS stemming from tighter binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Gropp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Husch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Al-Maharik N, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Bühl M, O'Hagan D. Probing the helical integrity of multivicinal all-syn-fluoro alkanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:878-887. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and conformation of an all-syn 2,3,4.7.8,9 hexafluoro alkane is explored by X-ray, NMR and DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Al-Maharik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St. Andrews
- St. Andrews
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St. Andrews
- St. Andrews
- UK
| | | | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St. Andrews
- St. Andrews
- UK
| | - David O'Hagan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St. Andrews
- St. Andrews
- UK
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11
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Wang N, Saidhareddy P, Jiang X. Construction of sulfur-containing moieties in the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:246-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the total syntheses of sulfur-containing natural products where sulfur atoms are introduced with different sulfurization agents to construct related sulfur-containing moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Puli Saidhareddy
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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12
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Sperandio C, Quintard G, Naubron J, Giorgi M, Yemloul M, Parrain J, Rodriguez J, Quintard A. Strategic Stereoselective Halogen (F, Cl) Insertion: A Tool to Enhance Supramolecular Properties in Polyols. Chemistry 2019; 25:15098-15105. [PMID: 31453654 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sperandio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Guilhem Quintard
- Université de Lyon, INSA LYON, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP-UMR CNRS 5223 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean‐Valere Naubron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole Marseille France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole Marseille France
| | - Mehdi Yemloul
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
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13
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Umezawa T, Shibata M, Tamagawa R, Matsuda F. Neighboring Effect of Intramolecular Chlorine Atoms on Epoxide Opening Reaction by Chloride Anions. Org Lett 2019; 21:7731-7735. [PMID: 31535869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the diastereoselectivity of ring openings for chloro vinyl epoxides with various chlorination reagents. In the chlorinolysis reactions using vinyl epoxides having an allyl alcohol, inversion:retention ratios varied depending on the chloride sources. In limited cases, the increase in retention ratio was consistent with the intervention of chloronium ions. In contrast, all vinyl epoxides bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester gave only the inversion products. These results suggest the electron-withdrawing property suppressed the chloronium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tamagawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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14
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Bentler P, Erdeljac N, Bussmann K, Ahlqvist M, Knerr L, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Tetrafluoropentanols: Multivicinal Fluorinated Alkane Units for Drug Discovery. Org Lett 2019; 21:7741-7745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bentler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Erdeljac
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bussmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Bentler P, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Jumde RP, Hirsch AKH, Gilmour R. Inverting Small Molecule-Protein Recognition by the Fluorine Gauche Effect: Selectivity Regulated by Multiple H→F Bioisosterism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10990-10994. [PMID: 31157945 PMCID: PMC6771710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated motifs have a venerable history in drug discovery, but as C(sp3 )-F-rich 3D scaffolds appear with increasing frequency, the effect of multiple bioisosteric changes on molecular recognition requires elucidation. Herein we demonstrate that installation of a 1,3,5-stereotriad, in the substrate for a commonly used lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens does not inhibit recognition, but inverts stereoselectivity. This provides facile access to optically active, stereochemically well-defined organofluorine compounds (up to 98 % ee). Whilst orthogonal recognition is observed with fluorine, the trend does not hold for the corresponding chlorinated substrates or mixed halogens. This phenomenon can be placed on a structural basis by considering the stereoelectronic gauche effect inherent to F-C-C-X systems (σ→σ*). Docking reveals that this change in selectivity (H versus F) with a common lipase results from inversion in the orientation of the bound substrate being processed as a consequence of conformation. This contrasts with the stereochemical interpretation of the biogenetic isoprene rule, whereby product divergence from a common starting material is also a consequence of conformation, albeit enforced by two discrete enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bentler
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Ravindra P. Jumde
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and OptimizationUniversity Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and OptimizationUniversity Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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16
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Bentler P, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Jumde RP, Hirsch AKH, Gilmour R. Inverting Small Molecule–Protein Recognition by the Fluorine
Gauche
Effect: Selectivity Regulated by Multiple H→F Bioisosterism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bentler
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ravindra P. Jumde
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and Optimization University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and Optimization University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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17
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Sondermann P, Carreira EM. Stereochemical Revision, Total Synthesis, and Solution State Conformation of the Complex Chlorosulfolipid Mytilipin B. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10510-10519. [PMID: 31244189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosulfolipids constitute a structurally intriguing and synthetically challenging class of marine natural products that are isolated from mussels and freshwater algae. The most complex structure from this family of compounds is currently represented by Mytilipin B, isolated in 2002 from culinary mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, whose initially proposed structure was shown to be incorrect. In this study, we present the synthesis of four diastereomers which allowed the reassignment of eight stereocenters and the stereochemical revision of Mytilipin B, along with the determination of the dominant solution-state conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sondermann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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18
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Quiquempoix L, Wang Z, Graton J, Latchem PG, Light M, Le Questel JY, Linclau B. Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trideoxy-2,3,4-trifluoroglucose. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5899-5906. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Quiquempoix
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière−BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Peter G. Latchem
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Light
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Le Questel
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière−BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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19
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A Chiron approach towards the stereoselective synthesis of polyfluorinated carbohydrates. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4721. [PMID: 30413697 PMCID: PMC6226540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of hydroxyl groups by fluorine atoms on hexopyranose scaffolds may allow access to the discovery of new chemical entities possessing unique physical, chemical and ultimately even biological properties. The prospect of significant effects generated by such multiple and controlled substitutions encouraged us to develop diverse synthetic routes towards the stereoselective synthesis of polyfluorinated hexopyranoses, six of which are unprecedented. Hence, we report the synthesis of heavily fluorinated galactose, glucose, mannose, talose, allose, fucose, and galacturonic acid methyl ester using a Chiron approach from inexpensive levoglucosan. Structural analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffractions and NMR studies confirm the conservation of favored 4C1 conformation for fluorinated carbohydrate analogs, while a slightly distorted conformation due to repulsive 1,3-diaxial F···F interaction is observed for the trifluorinated talose derivative. Finally, the relative stereochemistry of multi-vicinal fluorine atoms has a strong effect on the lipophilicities (logP). Polyfluorinated hexopyranoses display unique physical, chemical and biological properties, however their stereoselective synthesis is highly challenging. Here, the authors report a synthetic approach based on the chemical manipulation of inexpensive levoglucosan to obtain heavily fluorinated monosaccharides stereoselectively.
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20
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Quintard A, Sperandio C, Rodriguez J. Modular Enantioselective Synthesis of an Advanced Pentahydroxy Intermediate of Antimalarial Bastimolide A and of Fluorinated and Chlorinated Analogues. Org Lett 2018; 20:5274-5277. [PMID: 30129767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A short enantioselective catalytic synthesis of the key C15-C27 fragment of bastimolide A, a natural product showing promising antimalarial bioactivity, is disclosed. The strategic insertion of halogen atoms such as fluorine and chlorine by enantioselective organocatalytic halogenations allowed an excellent stereochemical control for the formation of complex acyclic fragments bearing up to four stereogenic centers. Furthermore, besides the formation of the 1,5,7,9,13-pentahydroxy fragment of the natural product, this strategy opens the route to the modulation of the bioactivity by halogenohydrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France
| | - Céline Sperandio
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France
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21
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Rodil A, Bosisio S, Ayoup MS, Quinn L, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Murphy CD, Michel J, O'Hagan D. Metabolism and hydrophilicity of the polarised 'Janus face' all- cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl ring, a candidate motif for drug discovery. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3023-3028. [PMID: 29732086 PMCID: PMC5916015 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and polarity of the all-cis tetra-fluorocyclohexane motif is explored in the context of its potential as a motif for inclusion in drug discovery programmes. Biotransformations of phenyl all-cis tetra-, tri- and di- fluoro cyclohexanes with the human metabolism model organism Cunninghamella elegans illustrates various hydroxylated products, but limited to benzylic hydroxylation for the phenyl all-cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl ring system. Evaluation of the lipophilicities (log P) indicates a significant and progressive increase in polarity with increasing fluorination on the cyclohexane ring system. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that water associates much more closely with the hydrogen face of these Janus face cyclohexyl rings than the fluorine face owing to enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions with the polarised hydrogens and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodil
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Stefano Bosisio
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Alexandria University , P.B. 426 Ibrahimia , Egypt
| | - Laura Quinn
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland .
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland .
| | - Julien Michel
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - David O'Hagan
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimune Nomura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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23
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Boshkow J, Fischer S, Bailey AM, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Stereochemistry and biological activity of chlorinated lipids: a study of danicalipin A and selected diastereomers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6904-6910. [PMID: 29147515 PMCID: PMC5632803 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of (+)-16-epi- and (+)-11,15-di-epi-danicalipin A (2 and 3) are reported. The conformations of the parent diols 5 and 6 as well as the corresponding disulfates 2 and 3 were determined on the basis of J-based configuration analysis and supported by calculations. The impact of configuration on membrane permeability in Gram-negative bacteria and mammalian cell lines was assessed as well as cytotoxicity. Although diastereomer 2 showed similar behavior to natural (+)-danicalipin A (1), strikingly, the more flexible C11,C15-epimer 3 had no effect on permeability and proved equally or more toxic towards multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boshkow
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - S Fischer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - A M Bailey
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - S Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - E M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
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24
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Latham J, Brandenburger E, Shepherd SA, Menon BRK, Micklefield J. Development of Halogenase Enzymes for Use in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 118:232-269. [PMID: 28466644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nature has evolved halogenase enzymes to regioselectively halogenate a diverse range of biosynthetic precursors, with the halogens introduced often having a profound effect on the biological activity of the resulting natural products. Synthetic endeavors to create non-natural bioactive small molecules for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications have also arrived at a similar conclusion: halogens can dramatically improve the properties of organic molecules for selective modulation of biological targets in vivo. Consequently, a high proportion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals on the market today possess halogens. Halogenated organic compounds are also common intermediates in synthesis and are particularly valuable in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Despite the potential utility of organohalogens, traditional nonenzymatic halogenation chemistry utilizes deleterious reagents and often lacks regiocontrol. Reliable, facile, and cleaner methods for the regioselective halogenation of organic compounds are therefore essential in the development of economical and environmentally friendly industrial processes. A potential avenue toward such methods is the use of halogenase enzymes, responsible for the biosynthesis of halogenated natural products, as biocatalysts. This Review will discuss advances in developing halogenases for biocatalysis, potential untapped sources of such biocatalysts and how further optimization of these enzymes is required to achieve the goal of industrial scale biohalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Latham
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Brandenburger
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Shepherd
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Binuraj R K Menon
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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25
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Agarwal V, Miles ZD, Winter JM, Eustáquio AS, El Gamal AA, Moore BS. Enzymatic Halogenation and Dehalogenation Reactions: Pervasive and Mechanistically Diverse. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5619-5674. [PMID: 28106994 PMCID: PMC5575885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally produced halogenated compounds are ubiquitous across all domains of life where they perform a multitude of biological functions and adopt a diversity of chemical structures. Accordingly, a diverse collection of enzyme catalysts to install and remove halogens from organic scaffolds has evolved in nature. Accounting for the different chemical properties of the four halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) and the diversity and chemical reactivity of their organic substrates, enzymes performing biosynthetic and degradative halogenation chemistry utilize numerous mechanistic strategies involving oxidation, reduction, and substitution. Biosynthetic halogenation reactions range from simple aromatic substitutions to stereoselective C-H functionalizations on remote carbon centers and can initiate the formation of simple to complex ring structures. Dehalogenating enzymes, on the other hand, are best known for removing halogen atoms from man-made organohalogens, yet also function naturally, albeit rarely, in metabolic pathways. This review details the scope and mechanism of nature's halogenation and dehalogenation enzymatic strategies, highlights gaps in our understanding, and posits where new advances in the field might arise in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | - Zachary D. Miles
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Abrahim A. El Gamal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego
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26
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Tan Y, Luo S, Li D, Zhang N, Jia S, Liu Y, Qin W, Song CE, Yan H. Enantioselective Synthesis of anti–syn-Trihalides and anti–syn–anti-Tetrahalides via Asymmetric β-Elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6431-6436. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shilong Luo
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hailong Yan
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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27
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Sempere Molina Y, Ruchti J, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Addition of Alkynes to α,α-Dichlorinated Aldehydes. Org Lett 2017; 19:743-745. [PMID: 28127958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to α,α-dichlorinated aldehydes employing Zn(OTf)2/NME is disclosed. The propargylic alcohols obtained are accessed in good yields and high enantioselectivity from easily accessible α,α-dichloroaldehydes. The method opens new strategic opportunities for the synthesis of chlorinated natural products, such as the chlorosulfolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshua Sempere Molina
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Ruchti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Saska J, Lewis W, Paton RS, Denton RM. Synthesis of malhamensilipin A exploiting iterative epoxidation/chlorination: experimental and computational analysis of epoxide-derived chloronium ions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7040-7049. [PMID: 28337338 PMCID: PMC5282550 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 12-step catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of malhamensilipin A (3) based upon an iterative epoxidation/chlorination strategy.
We report a 12-step catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of malhamensilipin A (3) and diastereoisomeric analogues from (E)-2-undecenal. The convergent synthesis relied upon iterative epoxidation and phosphorus(v)-mediated deoxydichlorination reactions as well a titanium-mediated epoxide-opening to construct the C11–C16 stereohexad. The latter transformation occurred with very high levels of stereoretention regardless of the C13 configuration of the parent epoxide, implicating anchimeric assistance of either the γ- or δ-chlorine atoms, and the formation of chloretanium or chlorolanium ions, respectively. A computational analysis of the chloronium ion intermediates provided support for the involvement of chlorolanium ions, whereas the potential chloretanium ions were found to be less likely intermediates on the basis of their greater carbocationic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saska
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - W Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - R S Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - R M Denton
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
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29
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Landry ML, Hu DX, McKenna GM, Burns NZ. Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation and the Selective Synthesis of (-)-Deschloromytilipin A and (-)-Danicalipin A. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5150-8. [PMID: 27018981 PMCID: PMC4922634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-based catalytic enantioselective dichlorination of simple allylic alcohols is described. This dichlorination reaction provides stereoselective access to all common dichloroalcohol building blocks used in syntheses of chlorosulfolipid natural products. An enantioselective synthesis of ent-(-)-deschloromytilipin A and a concise, eight-step synthesis of ent-(-)-danicalipin A are executed and employ the dichlorination reaction as the first step. Extension of this system to enantioselective dibromination and its use in the synthesis of pentabromide stereoarrays relevant to bromosulfolipids is reported. The described dichlorination and dibromination reactions are capable of exerting diastereocontrol in complex settings allowing X-ray crystal structure analysis of natural and unnatural diastereomers of polyhalogenated stereohexads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Grace M. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- István Gábor Molnár
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Many halogenases interchangeably incorporate chlorine and bromine into organic molecules. On the basis of an unsubstantiated report that the alga Ochromonas danica, a prodigious producer of chlorosulfolipids, was able to produce bromosulfolipids, we have investigated the promiscuity of its halogenases toward bromine incorporation. We have found that bromosulfolipids are produced with the exact positional and stereochemical selectivity as in the chlorosulfolipid danicalipin A when this alga is grown under modified conditions containing excess bromide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. White
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Brendan M. Duggan
- 9500 Gilman Drive, #0684, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Shiou-Chuan Tsai
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
- 3205 McGaugh Hall, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
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