1
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Yao C, Gonçalves TP, Wang X, Luo L, Huang KW. Ligand-Dominated Activation of CO 2 and CS 2 by the Putative Nickel Phosphiniminato Intermediates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7820-7827. [PMID: 38630579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room-temperature photoactivation of the first- and second-generation PN3P-pincer nickel azido complexes 1a and 1b in the presence of CO2 or CS2 afforded N-bound carbamates, dithiocarbamates, and isothiocyanates, providing insights into CO2 and CS2 activation and demonstrating how a seemingly small difference in the ligand structure significantly influences the reactivity. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the charge of the phosphorus atom plays a critical role in determining the nitrogen atom transfer to form a plausible nickel phosphiniminato intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiufang Wang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Keener M, Maria L, Mazzanti M. Progress in the chemistry of molecular actinide-nitride compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6493-6521. [PMID: 37350843 PMCID: PMC10283502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of actinide-nitrides has witnessed significant advances in the last ten years with a large focus on uranium and a few breakthroughs with thorium. Following the early discovery of the first terminal and bridging nitride complexes, various synthetic routes to uranium nitrides have since been identified, although the range of ligands capable of stabilizing uranium nitrides still remains scarce. In particular, both terminal- and bridging-nitrides possess attractive advantages for potential reactivity, especially in light of the recent development of uranium complexes for dinitrogen reduction and functionalization. The first molecular thorium bridged-nitride complexes have also been recently identified, anticipating the possibility of expanding nitride chemistry not only to low-valent thorium, but also to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 2695-066 Bobadela Portugal
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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3
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Savkov BY, Sukhikh TS, Konchenko SN. SAMAROCENECHALCOGENIDES $$\mathbf{[\{Cp}_{\mathbf{2}}^{\mathbf{*}}\mathbf{Sm(THF)}{{\mathbf{\}}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{(\mu }\text{-}Q\mathbf{)]}$$ (Q = S, SE, TE) AS SYNTHETIC EQUIVALENTS OF THE Q2– SYNTHON IN REACTIONS WITH CS2. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Photochemical Synthesis of Transition Metal-Stabilized Uranium(VI) Nitride Complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3809. [PMID: 35778419 PMCID: PMC9249861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium nitrides play important roles in dinitrogen activation and functionalization and in chemistry for nuclear fuels, but the synthesis and isolation of the highly reactive uranium(VI) nitrides remains challenging. Here, we report an example of transition metal (TM) stabilized U(VI) nitride complexes, which are generated by the photolysis of azide-bridged U(IV)-TM (TM = Rh, Ir) precursors. The U(V) nitride intermediates with bridged azide ligands are isolated successfully by careful control of the irradiation time, suggesting that the photolysis of azide-bridged U(IV)-TM precursors is a stepwise process. The presence of two U(VI) nitrides stabilized by three TMs is clearly demonstrated by an X-ray crystallographic study. These TM stabilized U(V) nitride intermediates and U(VI) nitride products exhibit excellent stability both in the solid-state and in THF solution under ambient light. Density functional theory calculations show that the photolysis necessary to break the N-N bond of the azide ligands implies excitation from uranium f-orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), as suggested by the strong antibonding N-(N2) character present in the latter.
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5
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King DM, Atkinson BE, Chatelain L, Gregson M, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Kaltsoyannis N, Liddle ST. Uranium-nitride chemistry: uranium-uranium electronic communication mediated by nitride bridges. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8855-8864. [PMID: 35622422 PMCID: PMC9171730 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [UIV(N3)(TrenTIPS)] (1, TrenTIPS = {N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3}3-) with excess Li resulted in the isolation of [{UIV(μ-NLi2)(TrenTIPS)}2] (2), which exhibits a diuranium(IV) 'diamond-core' dinitride motif. Over-reduction of 1 produces [UIII(TrenTIPS)] (3), and together with known [{UV(μ-NLi)(TrenTIPS)}2] (4) an overall reduction sequence 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 is proposed. Attempts to produce an odd-electron nitride from 2 resulted in the formation of [{UIV(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-NH)(μ-NLi2)Li] (5). Use of heavier alkali metals did not result in the formation of analogues of 2, emphasising the role of the high charge-to-radius-ratio of lithium stabilising the charge build up at the nitride. Variable-temperature magnetic data for 2 and 5 reveal large low-temperature magnetic moments, suggesting doubly degenerate ground states, where the effective symmetry of the strong crystal field of the nitride dominates over the spin-orbit coupled nature of the ground multiplet of uranium(IV). Spin Hamiltonian modelling of the magnetic data for 2 and 5 suggest U⋯U anti-ferromagnetic coupling of -4.1 and -3.4 cm-1, respectively. The nature of the U⋯U electronic communication was probed computationally, revealing a borderline case where the prospect of direct uranium-uranium bonding was raised, but in-depth computational analysis reveals that if any uranium-uranium bonding is present it is weak, and instead the nitride centres dominate the mediation of U⋯U electronic communication. This highlights the importance of obtaining high-level ab initio insight when probing potential actinide-actinide electronic communication and bonding in weakly coupled systems. The computational analysis highlights analogies between the 'diamond-core' dinitride of 2 and matrix-isolated binary U2N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M King
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Benjamin E Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Lucile Chatelain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Matthew Gregson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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6
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Barluzzi L, Jori N, He T, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Oyala P, Agapie T, Mazzanti M. Heterometallic uranium/molybdenum nitride synthesis via partial N-atom transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4655-4658. [PMID: 35319046 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a terminal Mo(II) nitride with a U(III) complex yields a heterodimetallic U-Mo nitride which is the first example of a transition metal-capped uranium nitride. The nitride is triply bonded to U(V) and singly bonded to Mo(0) and supports a U-Mo interaction. This compound shows reactivity toward CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nadir Jori
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tianyi He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Paul Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Hsueh FC, Barluzzi L, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Reactivity of Multimetallic Thorium Nitrides Generated by Reduction of Thorium Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3222-3232. [PMID: 35138846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thorium nitrides are likely intermediates in the reported cleavage and functionalization of dinitrogen by molecular thorium complexes and are attractive compounds for the study of multiple bond formation in f-element chemistry, but only one example of thorium nitride isolable from solution was reported. Here, we show that stable multimetallic azide/nitride thorium complexes can be generated by reduction of thorium azide precursors─a route that has failed so far to produce Th nitrides. Once isolated, the thorium azide/nitride clusters, M3Th═N═Th (M = K or Cs), are stable in solutions probably due to the presence of alkali ions capping the nitride, but their synthesis requires a careful control of the reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, nature of precursor, and alkali ion). The nature of the cation plays an important role in generating a nitride product and results in large structural differences with a bent Th═N═Th moiety found in the K-bound nitride as a result of a strong K-nitride interaction and a linear arrangement in the Cs-bound nitride. Reactivity studies demonstrated the ability of Th nitrides to cleave CO in ambient conditions yielding CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Keener M, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Nitride protonation and NH 3 binding versus N-H bond cleavage in uranium nitrides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12610-12618. [PMID: 34703546 PMCID: PMC8494049 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of metal nitrides to NH3 is an essential step in dinitrogen fixation, but there is limited knowledge of the reactivity of nitrides with protons (H+). Herein, we report comparative studies for the reactions of H+ and NH3 with uranium nitrides, containing different types of ancillary ligands. We show that the differences in ancillary ligands, leads to dramatically different reactivity. The nitride group, in nitride-bridged cationic and anionic diuranium(iv) complexes supported by –N(SiMe3)2 ligands, is resistant toward protonation by weak acids, while stronger acids result in ligand loss by protonolysis. Moreover, the basic –N(SiMe3)2 ligands promote the N–H heterolytic bond cleavage of NH3, yielding a “naked” diuranium complex containing three bridging ligands, a nitride (N3−) and two NH2 ligands. Conversely, in the nitride-bridged diuranium(iv) complex supported by –OSi(OtBu)3 ligands, the nitride group is easily protonated to afford NH3, which binds the U(iv) ion strongly, resulting in a mononuclear U–NH3 complex, where NH3 can be displaced by addition of strong acids. Furthermore, the U–OSi(OtBu)3 bonds were found to be stable, even in the presence of stronger acids, such as NH4BPh4, therefore indicating that –OSi(OtBu)3 supporting ligands are well suited to be used when acidic conditions are required, such as in the H+/e− mediated catalytic conversion of N2 to NH3. Ancillary ligands alter the reactivity of U-nitrides with H+, relevant to N2 conversion to NH3. The amides lead to complete ligand loss and NH3 activation, while for siloxides, the nitride is protonated to NH3 leaving the ancillary ligands intact.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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9
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Jori N, Barluzzi L, Douair I, Maron L, Fadaei-Tirani F, Z Ivković I, Mazzanti M. Stepwise Reduction of Dinitrogen by a Uranium-Potassium Complex Yielding a U(VI)/U(IV) Tetranitride Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11225-11234. [PMID: 34269064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic cooperativity is believed to play a key role in the cleavage of dinitrogen to nitrides (N3-), but the mechanism remains ambiguous due to the lack of isolated intermediates. Herein, we report the reduction of the complex [K2{[UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)(μ-η2:η2-N2)}], B, with KC8, yielding the tetranuclear tetranitride cluster [K6{(OSi(OtBu)3)2UIV}3{(OSi(OtBu)3)2UVI}(μ4-N)3(μ3-N)(μ3-O)2], 1, a novel example of N2 cleavage to nitride by a diuranium complex. The structure of complex 1 is remarkable, as it contains a unique uranium center bound by four nitrides and provides the second example of a trans-N═UVI═N core analogue of UO22+. Experimental and computational studies indicate that the formation of the U(IV)/U(VI) tetrauranium cluster occurs via successive one-electron transfers from potassium to the bound N24- ligand in complex B, resulting in N2 cleavage and the formation of the putative diuranium(V) bis-nitride [K4{[UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)(μ-N)2}], X. Additionally, cooperative potassium binding to the U-bound N24- ligand facilitates dinitrogen cleavage during electron transfer. The nucleophilic nitrides in both complexes are easily functionalized by protons to yield ammonia in 93-97% yield and with excess 13CO to yield K13CN and KN13CO. The structures of two tetranuclear U(IV)/U(V) bis- and mononitride clusters isolated from the reaction with CO demonstrate that the nitride moieties are replaced by oxides without disrupting the tetranuclear structure, but ultimately leading to valence redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Z Ivković
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Straub MD, Moreau LM, Qiao Y, Ouellette ET, Boreen MA, Lohrey TD, Settineri NS, Hohloch S, Booth CH, Minasian SG, Arnold J. Amidinate Supporting Ligands Influence Molecularity in Formation of Uranium Nitrides. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6672-6679. [PMID: 33844509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Uranium nitride complexes are attractive targets for chemists as molecular models for the bonding, reactivity, and magnetic properties of next-generation nuclear fuels, but these molecules are uncommon and can be difficult to isolate due to their high reactivity. Here, we describe the synthesis of three new multinuclear uranium nitride complexes, [U(BCMA)2]2(μ-N)(μ-κ1:κ1-BCMA) (7), [(U(BIMA)2)2(μ-N)(μ-NiPr)(K2(μ-η3:η3-CH2CHNiPr)]2 (8), and [U(BIMA)2]2(μ-N)(μ-κ1:κ1-BIMA) (9) (BCMA = N,N-bis(cyclohexyl)methylamidinate, BIMA = N,N-bis(iso-propyl)methylamidinate), from U(III) and U(IV) amidinate precursors. By varying the amidinate ligand substituents and azide source, we were able to influence the composition and size of these nitride complexes. 15N isotopic labeling experiments confirmed the bridging nitride moieties in 7-9 were formed via two-electron reduction of azide. The tetra-uranium cluster 8 was isolated in 99% yield via reductive cleavage of the amidinate ligands; this unusual molecule contains nitrogen-based ligands with formal 1-, 2-, and 3- charges. Additionally, chemical oxidation of the U(IV) precursor U(N3)(BCMA)3 yielded the cationic U(V) species [U(N3)(BCMA)3][OTf]. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed a U(IV) oxidation state for the uranium centers in the three nitride-bridged complexes and provided a comparison of magnetic behavior in the structurally related U(III)-U(IV)-U(V) series U(BCMA)3, U(N3)(BCMA)3, and [U(N3)(BCMA)3][OTf]. At 240 K, the magnetic moments in this series decreased with increasing oxidation state, i.e., U(III) > U(IV) > U(V); this trend follows the decreasing number of 5f valence electrons along this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Straub
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liane M Moreau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael A Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas S Settineri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Barluzzi L, Hsueh FC, Scopelliti R, Atkinson BE, Kaltsoyannis N, Mazzanti M. Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of uranium(vi) nitrides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8096-8104. [PMID: 34194699 PMCID: PMC8208130 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium nitride compounds are important molecular analogues of uranium nitride materials such as UN and UN2 which are effective catalysts in the Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia, but the synthesis of molecular nitrides remains a challenge and studies of the reactivity and of the nature of the bonding are poorly developed. Here we report the synthesis of the first nitride bridged uranium complexes containing U(vi) and provide a unique comparison of reactivity and bonding in U(vi)/U(vi), U(vi)/U(v) and U(v)/U(v) systems. Oxidation of the U(v)/U(v) bis-nitride [K2{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3(μ-N)}2], 1, with mild oxidants yields the U(v)/U(vi) complexes [K{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3(μ-N)}2], 2 and [K2{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3}2(μ-N)2(μ-I)], 3 while oxidation with a stronger oxidant ("magic blue") yields the U(vi)/U(vi) complex [{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3}2(μ-N)2(μ-thf)], 4. The three complexes show very different stability and reactivity, with N2 release observed for complex 4. Complex 2 undergoes hydrogenolysis to yield imido bridged [K2{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3(μ-NH)}2], 6 and rare amido bridged U(iv)/U(iv) complexes [{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3}2(μ-NH2)2(μ-thf)], 7 while no hydrogenolysis could be observed for 4. Both complexes 2 and 4 react with H+ to yield quantitatively NH4Cl, but only complex 2 reacts with CO and H2. Differences in reactivity can be related to significant differences in the U-N bonding. Computational studies show a delocalised bond across the U-N-U for 1 and 2, but an asymmetric bonding scheme is found for the U(vi)/U(vi) complex 4 which shows a U-N σ orbital well localised to U[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and π orbitals which partially delocalise to form the U-N single bond with the other uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Benjamin E Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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12
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Barluzzi L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Photochemical Synthesis of a Stable Terminal Uranium(VI) Nitride. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19047-19051. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Li X, Roselló Y, Yao YR, Zhuang J, Zhang X, Rodríguez-Fortea A, de Graaf C, Echegoyen L, Poblet JM, Chen N. U 2N@ I h(7)-C 80: fullerene cage encapsulating an unsymmetrical U(iv)[double bond, length as m-dash]N[double bond, length as m-dash]U(v) cluster. Chem Sci 2020; 12:282-292. [PMID: 34163596 PMCID: PMC8178745 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, an actinide nitride clusterfullerene, U2N@Ih(7)-C80, is synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray single crystallography and multiple spectroscopic methods. U2N@Ih(7)-C80 is by far the first endohedral fullerene that violates the well-established tri-metallic nitride template for nitride clusterfullerenes. The novel UNU cluster features two UN bonds with uneven bond distances of 2.058(3) Å and 1.943(3) Å, leading to a rare unsymmetrical structure for the dinuclear nitride motif. The combined experimental and theoretical investigations suggest that the two uranium ions show different oxidation states of +4 and +5. Quantum-chemical investigation further reveals that the f1/f2 population dominantly induces a distortion of the UNU cluster, which leads to the unsymmetrical structure. A comparative study of U2X@C80 (X = C, N and O) reveals that the U–X interaction in UXU clusters can hardly be seen as being formed by classical multiple bonds, but is more like an anionic central ion Xq− with biased overlaps with the two metal ions, which decrease as the electronegativity of X increases. This study not only demonstrates the unique bonding variety of actinide clusters stabilized by fullerene cages, showing different bonding from that observed for the lanthanide analogs, it also reveals the electronic structure of the UXU clusters (X = C, N and O), which are of fundamental significance to understanding these actinide bonding motifs. A novel actinide cluster, UNU, is stabilized inside a C80 fullerene cage. The U(iv)NU(v) cluster features two UN bonds with uneven bond distances of 2.058(3) Å and 1.943(3) Å, leading to an unsymmetrical structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yannick Roselló
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | | | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain.,ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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14
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Xin X, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Dinitrogen Cleavage by a Heterometallic Cluster Featuring Multiple Uranium–Rhodium Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15004-15011. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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15
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Bresciani G, Biancalana L, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Metal Carbamates. Molecules 2020; 25:E3603. [PMID: 32784784 PMCID: PMC7465543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a related review dating back to 2003, the present review discusses in detail the various synthetic, structural and reactivity aspects of metal species containing one or more carbamato ligands, representing a large family of compounds across all the periodic table. A preliminary overview is provided on the reactivity of carbon dioxide with amines, and emphasis is given to recent findings concerning applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guido Pampaloni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (L.B.)
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16
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Cobb PJ, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. A Uranium(VI)-Oxo-Imido Dimer Complex Derived from a Sterically Demanding Triamidoamine. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10034-10041. [PMID: 32602709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [UO2(μ-Cl)4{K(18-crown-6)}2] with [{N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3}Li3] gives [{UO(μ-NCH2CH2N[CH2CH2NSiPri3]2)}2] (1), [{(LiCl)(KCl)(18-crown-6)}2] (2), and [LiOSiPri3] (3) in a 1:2:2 ratio. The formation of the oxo-imido 1 involves the cleavage of a N-Si bond and the activation of one of the usually robust U═O bonds of uranyl(VI), resulting in the formation of uranium(VI)-imido and siloxide linkages. Notably, the uranium oxidation state remains unchanged at +6 in the starting material and product. Structural characterization suggests the dominance of a core RN═U═O group, and the dimeric formulation of 1 is supported by bridging imido linkages in a highly asymmetric U2N2 ring. Density functional theory analyses find a σ > π orbital energy ordering for the U═N and U═O bonds in 1, which is uranyl-like in nature. Complexes 1-3 were characterized variously by single crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR, IR, Raman, and optical spectroscopies; cyclic voltammetry; and density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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17
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Shah Bacha RU, Li L, Guo YR, Jing L, Pan QJ. Actinyl-Modified g-C 3N 4 as CO 2 Activation Materials for Chemical Conversion and Environmental Remedy via an Artificial Photosynthetic Route. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8369-8379. [PMID: 32468810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the reported CO2 activation for the oxidation of benzene to phenol (-ENE → -OL) by the graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (CN) via an artificial photosynthetic route as inspiration, high-valent actinyls (AnmO2)n+ (An = U, Np, Pu; m = VI, V; n = 2, 1) have been introduced for its further modification. Our calculations indicate thermodynamic spontaneity in the feasibility of g-C3N4-(AnmO2)n+ (CN-Anm) formation. The magnificent structural and electronic properties of CN-Anm are utilized for CO2 activation in terms of the rarely studied -ENE → -OL conversion. The calculated free energies show that most steps of the catalytic cycle are favored by CN-Anm complexes. The first step (carbamate formation) is slightly endothermic in all cases, where CN-U is 0.51 eV higher than CN and CN-Pu is -0.01 eV lower. All benzene addition reactions release energy, with that for CN-U being the lowest. The phenolate formation is favored by some actinyl complexes over CN, and CN-U is only 0.23 eV higher. The phenol release (resulting in formamide complexes) and CO desorption are exothermic for all CN-Anm. The overall process suggests the improved catalytic performance of actinyl-modified CN materials, and the slightly depleted uranyl-carbon nitride could be one of the promising catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Ullah Shah Bacha
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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18
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Boreen MA, McCabe KN, Lohrey TD, Watt FA, Maron L, Hohloch S, Arnold J. Uranium Metallocene Azides, Isocyanates, and Their Borane-Capped Lewis Adducts. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8580-8588. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karl N. McCabe
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Trevor D. Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fabian A. Watt
- Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Tarlton ML, Del Rosal I, Vilanova SP, Kelley SP, Maron L, Walensky JR. Comparative Insertion Reactivity of CO, CO2, tBuCN, and tBuNC into Thorium– and Uranium–Phosphorus Bonds. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Universite de Toulouse, 135 Avenuede Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sean P. Vilanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- Universite de Toulouse, 135 Avenuede Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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20
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Palumbo CT, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. C-H Bond Activation by an Isolated Dinuclear U(III)/U(IV) Nitride. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3149-3157. [PMID: 31940182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies of bimetallic uranium nitride complexes with the N(SiMe3)2 ligand have generated a new nitride complex of U(III), which is highly reactive toward C-H bonds and H2. Treatment of the previously reported U(IV)/U(IV) nitride complex [Na(DME)3][((Me3Si)2N)2U(μ-N)(μ-κ2:CN̵-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)U(N(SiMe3)2)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), 1, with 2 equiv of HNEt3BPh3 yielded the cationic U(IV)/U(IV) nitride complex, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)][BPh4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran), 3, by successive protonolysis of one N(SiMe3)2 ligand and the uranium-methylene bond. Reduction of 3 with KC8 afforded a rare example of a U(III) nitride, namely, the U(III)/U(IV) complex, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)], 4. Complex 4 is highly reactive and undergoes 1,2-addition of the C-H bond of the N(SiMe3)2 ligand across the uranium-nitride moiety to give the U(III)/U(IV) imide cyclometalate complex, [((Me3Si)2N)2(THF)U(μ-NH)(μ-κ2:C,N̵-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)U(N(SiMe3)2))(THF)], 5. Complex 4 also reacts with toluene at -80 °C to yield an inverse sandwich imide complex arising from C-H bond activation of toluene, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)][{((Me3Si)2N)3U(μ-NH)U(N(SiMe3)2)}2(C7H8)], 6. Complex 4 effects the heterolytic cleavage of the C-H of phenylacetylene to yield the imide acetylide [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)][((Me3Si)2N)2U(η1-CCPh)(μ2-NH)(μ2-η2:η1-CCPh)U(N(SiMe3)2)2], 7. Complex 4 also reacts with H2 to produce an imide hydride U(III)/U(IV) complex, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-NH)(μ-H)], 9. These data demonstrate that nitride complexes of U(III) are accessible with amide ligands and show the high reactivity of molecular U(III) nitrides in C-H bond activation.
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21
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Yadav M, Metta-Magaña A, Fortier S. Intra- and intermolecular interception of a photochemically generated terminal uranium nitride. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2381-2387. [PMID: 34084400 PMCID: PMC8157337 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The photochemically generated synthesis of a terminal uranium nitride species is here reported and an examination of its intra- and intermolecular chemistry is presented. Treatment of the U(iii) complex LArUI(DME) ((LAr)2− = 2,2′′-bis(Dippanilide)-p-terphenyl; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with LiNImDipp ((NImDipp)− = 1,3-bis(Dipp)-imidazolin-2-iminato) generates the sterically congested 3N-coordinate compound LArU(NImDipp) (1). Complex 1 reacts with 1 equiv. of Ph3CN3 to give the U(iv) azide LArU(N3)(NImDipp) (2). Structural analysis of 2 reveals inequivalent Nα–Nβ > Nβ–Nγ distances indicative of an activated azide moiety predisposed to N2 loss. Room-temperature photolysis of benzene solutions of 2 affords the U(iv) amide (N-LAr)U(NImDipp) (3) via intramolecular N-atom insertion into the benzylic C–H bond of a pendant isopropyl group of the (LAr)2− ligand. The formation of 3 occurs as a result of the intramolecular interception of the intermediately generated, terminal uranium nitride (LAr)U(N)(NImDipp) (3′). Evidence for the formation of 3′ is further bolstered by its intermolecular capture, accomplished by photolyzing solutions of 2 in the presence of an isocyanide or PMe3 to give (LAr)U[NCN(C6H3Me2)](NImDipp) (5) and (N,C-LAr*)U(N
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PMe3)(NImDipp) (6), respectively. These results expand upon the limited reactivity studies of terminal uranium–nitride moieties and provide new insights into their chemical properties. Photolysis of the U(iv) azide LArU(NImDipp) generates a reactive uranium nitride intermediate that can be intercepted by nucleophilic substrates – the first example of intermolecular chemistry of a rare photochemically generated uranium nitride.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Munendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
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22
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Terminal uranium(V)-nitride hydrogenations involving direct addition or Frustrated Lewis Pair mechanisms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 31953390 PMCID: PMC6969212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance as mechanistic models for heterogeneous Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen and dihydrogen, homogeneous molecular terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards dihydrogen, and only a few electron-rich, low-coordinate variants demonstrate any hydrogenolysis chemistry. Here, we report hydrogenolysis of a terminal uranium(V)-nitride under mild conditions even though it is electron-poor and not low-coordinate. Two divergent hydrogenolysis mechanisms are found; direct 1,2-dihydrogen addition across the uranium(V)-nitride then H-atom 1,1-migratory insertion to give a uranium(III)-amide, or with trimesitylborane a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) route that produces a uranium(IV)-amide with sacrificial trimesitylborane radical anion. An isostructural uranium(VI)-nitride is inert to hydrogenolysis, suggesting the 5f1 electron of the uranium(V)-nitride is not purely non-bonding. Further FLP reactivity between the uranium(IV)-amide, dihydrogen, and triphenylborane is suggested by the formation of ammonia-triphenylborane. A reactivity cycle for ammonia synthesis is demonstrated, and this work establishes a unique marriage of actinide and FLP chemistries. Despite their importance as mechanistic models for Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, high oxidation state terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards H2. Here, the authors report hydrogenolysis of a uranium(V)-nitride, which can occur directly or by Frustrated Lewis Pair chemistry with a borane ancillary.
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23
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Lapsheva EN, Cheisson T, Álvarez Lamsfus C, Carroll PJ, Gau MR, Maron L, Schelter EJ. Reactivity of Ce(iv) imido compounds with heteroallenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4781-4784. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of alkali metal capped Ce(iv) imido compounds [M(DME)2][CeNArF(TriNOx)] (1-M with M = K, Rb, Cs and ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) with CO2 and organic isocyanates has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Lapsheva
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | | | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO
- CNRS & INSA
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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Barluzzi L, Falcone M, Mazzanti M. Small molecule activation by multimetallic uranium complexes supported by siloxide ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13031-13047. [PMID: 31608910 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of uranium compounds supported by the tris-tert-butoxysiloxide ligand is surveyed. The multiple binding modes of the tert-butoxysiloxide ligand have proven very well suited to stabilize highly reactive homo- and heteropolymetallic complexes of uranium that have shown an unusual high reactivity towards small molecules such as CO2, CS2, chalcogens and azides. Moreover, these ligands have allowed the isolation of dinuclear nitride and oxide bridged complexes of uranium in various oxidation states. The ability of the tris-tert-butoxysiloxide ligands to trap alkali ions in these nitride or oxide complexes leads to unprecedented ligand based and metal based reduction and functionalization of N2, CO, CO2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marta Falcone
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Thorium-nitrogen multiple bonds provide evidence for pushing-from-below for early actinides. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4203. [PMID: 31519900 PMCID: PMC6744569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the chemistry of uranium-ligand multiple bonding is burgeoning, analogous complexes involving other actinides such as thorium remain rare and there are not yet any terminal thorium nitrides outside of cryogenic matrix isolation conditions. Here, we report evidence that reduction of a thorium-azide produces a transient Th≡N triple bond, but this activates C-H bonds to produce isolable parent imido derivatives or it can be trapped in an N-heterocycle amine. Computational studies on these thorium-nitrogen multiple bonds consistently evidences a σ > π energy ordering. This suggests pushing-from-below for thorium, where 6p-orbitals principally interact with filled f-orbitals raising the σ-bond energy. Previously this was dismissed for thorium, being the preserve of uranium-nitrides or the uranyl dication. Recognising that pushing-from-below perhaps occurs with thorium as well as uranium, and with imido ligands as well as nitrides, suggests this phenomenon may be more widespread than previously thought. Despite the burgeoning nature of uranium–ligand multiple bonding, analogous thorium complexes remain incredibly rare. Here the authors report evidence for a transient thorium–nitride species, which, together with data on parent imido derivatives, suggests that the pushing-from-below phenomenon may be more widespread than previously thought.
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26
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Palumbo CT, Barluzzi L, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Fabrizio A, Corminboeuf C, Mazzanti M. Tuning the structure, reactivity and magnetic communication of nitride-bridged uranium complexes with the ancillary ligands. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8840-8849. [PMID: 31803458 PMCID: PMC6853081 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of the nitride ligand is increased in complexes of uranium(iv) when bound by the OSi(OtBu)3 ligand as opposed to N(SiMe3)2, but magnetic exchange coupling is decreased.
Molecular uranium nitride complexes were prepared to relate their small molecule reactivity to the nature of the U
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N
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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U bonding imposed by the supporting ligand. The U4+–U4+ nitride complexes, [NBu4][{((tBuO)3SiO)3U}2(μ-N)], [NBu4]-1, and [NBu4][((Me3Si)2N)3U}2(μ-N)], 2, were synthesised by reacting NBu4N3 with the U3+ complexes, [U(OSi(OtBu)3)2(μ-OSi(OtBu)3)]2 and [U(N(SiMe3)2)3], respectively. Oxidation of 2 with AgBPh4 gave the U4+–U5+ analogue, [((Me3Si)2N)3U}2(μ-N)], 4. The previously reported methylene-bridged U4+–U4+ nitride [Na(dme)3][((Me3Si)2)2U(μ-N)(μ-κ2-C,N-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)U(N(SiMe3)2)2] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), [Na(dme)3]-3, provided a versatile precursor for the synthesis of the mixed-ligand U4+–U4+ nitride complex, [Na(dme)3][((Me3Si)2N)3U(μ-N)U(N(SiMe3)2)(OSi(OtBu)3)], 5. The reactivity of the 1–5 complexes was assessed with CO2, CO, and H2. Complex [NBu4]-1 displays similar reactivity to the previously reported heterobimetallic complex, [Cs{((tBuO)3SiO)3U}2(μ-N)], [Cs]-1, whereas the amide complexes 2 and 4 are unreactive with these substrates. The mixed-ligand complexes 3 and 5 react with CO and CO2 but not H2. The nitride complexes [NBu4]-1, 2, 4, and 5 along with their small molecule activation products were structurally characterized. Magnetic data measured for the all-siloxide complexes [NBu4]-1 and [Cs]-1 show uncoupled uranium centers, while strong antiferromagnetic coupling was found in complexes containing amide ligands, namely 2 and 5 (with maxima in the χ versus T plot of 90 K and 55 K). Computational analysis indicates that the U(μ-N) bond order decreases with the introduction of oxygen-based ligands effectively increasing the nucleophilicity of the bridging nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Palumbo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism , Institute of Physics , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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Staun SL, Sergentu DC, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Use of 15N NMR spectroscopy to probe covalency in a thorium nitride. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6431-6436. [PMID: 31367305 PMCID: PMC6615217 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first isolable molecular thorium nitride, [(NR2)3Th(μ-N)Th(NR2)3]–, was synthesized by reaction of [Th{N(R)(SiMe2)CH2}(NR2)2] with NaNH2 and characterized by X-ray crystallography, 15N NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Reaction of the thorium metallacycle, [Th{N(R)(SiMe2)CH2}(NR2)2] (R = SiMe3) with 1 equiv. of NaNH2 in THF, in the presence of 18-crown-6, results in formation of the bridged thorium nitride complex, [Na(18-crown-6)(Et2O)][(R2N)3Th(μ-N)(Th(NR2)3] ([Na][1]), which can be isolated in 66% yield after work-up. Complex [Na][1] is the first isolable molecular thorium nitride complex. Mechanistic studies suggest that the first step of the reaction is deprotonation of [Th{N(R)(SiMe2)CH2}(NR2)2] by NaNH2, which results in formation of the thorium bis(metallacycle) complex, [Na(THF)x][Th{N(R)(SiMe2CH2)}2(NR2)], and NH3. NH3 then reacts with unreacted [Th{N(R)(SiMe2)CH2}(NR2)2], forming [Th(NR2)3(NH2)] (2), which protonates [Na(THF)x][Th{N(R)(SiMe2CH2)}2(NR2)] to give [Na][1]. Consistent with hypothesis, addition of excess NH3 to a THF solution of [Th{N(R)(SiMe2)CH2}(NR2)2] results in formation of [Th(NR2)3(NH2)] (2), which can be isolated in 51% yield after work-up. Furthermore, reaction of [K(DME)][Th{N(R)(SiMe2CH2)}2(NR2)] with 2, in THF-d8, results in clean formation of [K][1], according to 1H NMR spectroscopy. The electronic structures of [1]– and 2 were investigated by 15N NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. This analysis reveals that the Th–Nnitride bond in [1]– features more covalency and a greater degree of bond multiplicity than the Th–NH2 bond in 2. Similarly, our analysis indicates a greater degree of covalency in [1]–vs. comparable thorium imido and oxo complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena L Staun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo , State University of New York , 312 Natural Sciences Complex , Buffalo , NY 14260-3000 , USA .
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo , State University of New York , 312 Natural Sciences Complex , Buffalo , NY 14260-3000 , USA .
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
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Falcone M, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. CO2 and CO/H2 Conversion to Methoxide by a Uranium(IV) Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9570-9577. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falcone
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Barluzzi L, Chatelain L, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Facile N-functionalization and strong magnetic communication in a diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3543-3555. [PMID: 30996946 PMCID: PMC6438153 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium nitride complexes are of high interest because of their ability to effect dinitrogen reduction and functionalization and to promote magnetic communication, but studies of their properties and reactivity remain rare. Here we have prepared in 73% yield the diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)2}], 4, from the thermal decomposition of the nitride-, azide-bridged diuranium(iv) complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)(μ-N3)}], 3. The bis-nitride 4 reacts in ambient conditions with 1 equiv. of CS2 and 1 equiv. of CO2 resulting in N-C bond formation to afford the diuranium(v) complexes [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)(μ-S)(μ-NCS)}], 5 and [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)(μ-O)(μ-NCO)}], 6, respectively. Both nitrides in 4 react with CO resulting in oxidative addition of CO to one nitride and CO cleavage by the second nitride to afford the diuranium(iv) complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-CN)(μ-O)(μ-NCO)}], 7. Complex 4 also effects the remarkable oxidative cleavage of H2 in mild conditions to afford the bis-imido bridged diuranium(iv) complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-NH)2}], 8 that can be further protonated to afford ammonia in 73% yield. Complex 8 provides a good model for hydrogen cleavage by metal nitrides in the Haber-Bosch process. The measured magnetic data show an unusually strong antiferromagnetic coupling between uranium(v) ions in the complexes 4 and 6 with Neel temperatures of 77 K and 60 K respectively, demonstrating that nitrides are attractives linkers for promoting magnetic communication in uranium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Lucile Chatelain
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism , Institute of Physics , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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Tatebe CJ, Kiernicki JJ, Higgins RF, Ward RJ, Natoli SN, Langford JC, Clark CL, Zeller M, Wenthold P, Shores MP, Walensky JR, Bart SC. Investigation of the Electronic Structure of Aryl-Bridged Dinuclear U(III) and U(IV) Compounds. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J. Tatebe
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John J. Kiernicki
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Robert F. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert J. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sean N. Natoli
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - James C. Langford
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher L. Clark
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Paul Wenthold
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthew P. Shores
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Suzanne C. Bart
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Du J, King DM, Chatelain L, Lu E, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Wooles AJ, Maron L, Liddle ST. Thorium- and uranium-azide reductions: a transient dithorium-nitride versus isolable diuranium-nitrides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3738-3745. [PMID: 30996964 PMCID: PMC6446963 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular uranium-nitrides are now well known, but there are no isolable molecular thorium-nitrides outside of cryogenic matrix isolation experiments. We report that treatment of [M(TrenDMBS)(I)] (M = U, 1; Th, 2; TrenDMBS = {N(CH2CH2NSiMe2Bu t )3}3-) with NaN3 or KN3, respectively, affords very rare examples of actinide molecular square and triangle complexes [{M(TrenDMBS)(μ-N3)} n ] (M = U, n = 4, 3; Th, n = 3, 4). Chemical reduction of 3 produces [{U(TrenDMBS)}2(μ-N)][K(THF)6] (5) and [{U(TrenDMBS)}2(μ-N)] (6), whereas photolysis produces exclusively 6. Complexes 5 and 6 can be reversibly inter-converted by oxidation and reduction, respectively, showing that these UNU cores are robust with no evidence for any C-H bond activations being observed. In contrast, reductions of 4 in arene or ethereal solvents gives [{Th(TrenDMBS)}2(μ-NH)] (7) or [{Th(TrenDMBS)}{Th(N[CH2CH2NSiMe2Bu t ]2CH2CH2NSi[μ-CH2]MeBu t )}(μ-NH)][K(DME)4] (8), respectively, providing evidence unprecedented outside of matrix isolation for a transient dithorium-nitride. This suggests that thorium-nitrides are intrinsically much more reactive than uranium-nitrides, since they consistently activate C-H bonds to form rare examples of Th-N(H)-Th linkages with alkyl by-products. The conversion here of a bridging thorium(iv)-nitride to imido-alkyl combination by 1,2-addition parallels the reactivity of transient terminal uranium(iv)-nitrides, but contrasts to terminal uranium(vi)-nitrides that produce alkyl-amides by 1,1-insertion, suggesting a systematic general pattern of C-H activation chemistry for metal(iv)- vs. metal(vi)-nitrides. Surprisingly, computational studies reveal a σ > π energy ordering for all these bridging nitride bonds, a phenomenon for actinides only observed before in terminal uranium nitrides and uranyl with very short U-N or U-O distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - David M King
- School of Chemistry , The University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Lucile Chatelain
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO , CNRS , INSA , Université Paul Sabatier , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , Toulouse 31077 , France .
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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Labrum NS, Seo J, Chen CH, Pink M, Beagan DM, Caulton KG. Di- and trivalent chromium bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine pincer complexes with good leaving groups. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Werner D, Deacon GB, Junk PC. Trapping CS22– and S32– between Two Ytterbium Formamidinates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1912-1918. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Werner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Abstract
Elaborate synthesis schemes pave the way to f-element and group 3 complexes with multiply bonded imido ligands displaying intriguing reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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Cheung WM, Au-Yeung KC, Wong KH, So YM, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Reactions of cerium complexes with transition metal nitrides: synthesis and structure of heterometallic cerium complexes containing bridging catecholate ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13458-13465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic cerium complexes containing bridging catecholate ligands have been synthesized from cerium complexes with Kläui's tripodal ligand and metal catecholates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hong Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
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The role of bridging ligands in dinitrogen reduction and functionalization by uranium multimetallic complexes. Nat Chem 2018; 11:154-160. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ringgold M, Rehe D, Hrobárik P, Kornienko AY, Emge TJ, Brennan JG. Thorium Cubanes–Synthesis, Solid-State and Solution Structures, Thermolysis, and Chalcogen Exchange Reactions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7129-7141. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Ringgold
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - David Rehe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Y. Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - John G. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
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Falcone M, Poon LN, Fadaei Tirani F, Mazzanti M. Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Hydride Transfer by a Uranium Nitride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falcone
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lok Nga Poon
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Falcone M, Poon LN, Fadaei Tirani F, Mazzanti M. Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Hydride Transfer by a Uranium Nitride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3697-3700. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falcone
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lok Nga Poon
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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(C5Me5)2Y(μ-H)(μ-CH2C5Me4)Y(C5Me5) as a reservoir of electrons for the reduction of PhSSPh and CO2: A theoretical study. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cleaves PA, Kefalidis CE, Gardner BM, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Lewis W, Maron L, Liddle ST. Terminal Uranium(V/VI) Nitride Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Disulfide: Factors Governing Diverse and Well-Defined Cleavage and Redox Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:2950-2959. [PMID: 28075505 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of terminal uranium(V/VI) nitrides with CE2 (E=O, S) is presented. Well-defined C=E cleavage followed by zero-, one-, and two-electron redox events is observed. The uranium(V) nitride [U(TrenTIPS )(N)][K(B15C5)2 ] (1, TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiiPr3 )3 ; B15C5=benzo-15-crown-5) reacts with CO2 to give [U(TrenTIPS )(O)(NCO)][K(B15C5)2 ] (3), whereas the uranium(VI) nitride [U(TrenTIPS )(N)] (2) reacts with CO2 to give isolable [U(TrenTIPS )(O)(NCO)] (4); complex 4 rapidly decomposes to known [U(TrenTIPS )(O)] (5) with concomitant formation of N2 and CO proposed, with the latter trapped as a vanadocene adduct. In contrast, 1 reacts with CS2 to give [U(TrenTIPS )(κ2 -CS3 )][K(B15C5)2 ] (6), 2, and [K(B15C5)2 ][NCS] (7), whereas 2 reacts with CS2 to give [U(TrenTIPS )(NCS)] (8) and "S", with the latter trapped as Ph3 PS. Calculated reaction profiles reveal outer-sphere reactivity for uranium(V) but inner-sphere mechanisms for uranium(VI); despite the wide divergence of products the initial activation of CE2 follows mechanistically related pathways, providing insight into the factors of uranium oxidation state, chalcogen, and NCE groups that govern the subsequent divergent redox reactions that include common one-electron reactions and a less-common two-electron redox event. Caution, we suggest, is warranted when utilising CS2 as a reactivity surrogate for CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Cleaves
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Arnold PL, Turner ZR. Carbon oxygenate transformations by actinide compounds and catalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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King DM, Cleaves PA, Wooles AJ, Gardner BM, Chilton NF, Tuna F, Lewis W, McInnes EJL, Liddle ST. Molecular and electronic structure of terminal and alkali metal-capped uranium(V) nitride complexes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13773. [PMID: 27996007 PMCID: PMC5187438 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the electronic structure of actinide complexes is intrinsically challenging because inter-electronic repulsion, crystal field, and spin-orbit coupling effects can be of similar magnitude. Moreover, such efforts have been hampered by the lack of structurally analogous families of complexes to study. Here we report an improved method to U≡N triple bonds, and assemble a family of uranium(V) nitrides. Along with an isoelectronic oxo, we quantify the electronic structure of this 5f1 family by magnetometry, optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and modelling. Thus, we define the relative importance of the spin-orbit and crystal field interactions, and explain the experimentally observed different ground states. We find optical absorption linewidths give a potential tool to identify spin-orbit coupled states, and show measurement of UV···UV super-exchange coupling in dimers by EPR. We show that observed slow magnetic relaxation occurs via two-phonon processes, with no obvious correlation to the crystal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. King
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter A. Cleaves
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Damon PL, Wu G, Kaltsoyannis N, Hayton TW. Formation of a Ce(IV) Oxo Complex via Inner Sphere Nitrate Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12743-12746. [PMID: 27622564 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Ce(NO3)3(THF)4 with Li3(THF)3(NN'3) (NN'3 = N(CH2CH2NR)3, R = SitBuMe2) in Et2O, in the presence of 12-crown-4, results in the formation of [Li(12-crown-4)][(NN'3)Ce(O)] (1) in 36% yield. This transformation proceeds via formation of a Ce(III) nitrate intermediate, [Li(12-crown-4)][(NN'3)Ce(κ2-O2NO)] (2), which undergoes inner sphere nitrate reduction. In addition, reaction of 1 with tBuMe2SiCl results in the formation of (NN'3)Ce(OSitBuMe2) (3), confirming the nucleophilic character of its oxo ligand. Natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules data reveal the Ce-O interaction in 1 to be significantly covalent, and strikingly similar to analogous U-O bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Damon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Falcone M, Kefalidis CE, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Facile CO Cleavage by a Multimetallic CsU2 Nitride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12290-4. [PMID: 27596570 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Uranium nitrides are important materials with potential for application as fuels for nuclear power generation, and as highly active catalysts. Molecular nitride compounds could provide important insight into the nature of the uranium-nitride bond, but currently little is known about their reactivity. In this study, we found that a complex containing a nitride bridging two uranium centers and a cesium cation readily cleaved the C≡O bond (one of the strongest bonds in nature) under ambient conditions. The product formed has a [CsU2 (μ-CN)(μ-O)] core, thus indicating that the three cations cooperate to cleave CO. Moreover, the addition of MeOTf to the nitride complex led to an exceptional valence disproportionation of the CsU(IV) -N-U(IV) core to yield CsU(III) (OTf) and [MeN=U(V) ] fragments. The important role of multimetallic cooperativity in both reactions is illustrated by the computed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falcone
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO,CNRS & INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO,CNRS & INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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