1
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Fujioka H, Yasui M, Hamada S, Fukumi K, Takeda N, Kobayashi Y, Furuta T, Ueda M. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3262-3267. [PMID: 38568183 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite their utility as directing groups, the C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes utilizing hydrazones has not been explored. Herein, Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage reaction of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones, followed by cycloisomerization to yield pyrazoles, has been developed. The protocol enables the synthesis of various α-pyrazole carbonyl compounds, which have a potential of biological activity. Control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that β-carbon elimination of a stable 6-membered chelate palladium complex occurs, generating a conjugated azine as a reaction intermediate for the following cycloisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujioka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Shohei Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fukumi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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2
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Yuan CH, Jiao L. Ligand-Enabled Palladium(II)-Catalyzed γ-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Primary Aliphatic Amines. Org Lett 2024; 26:29-34. [PMID: 38127514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Pd(II)/sulfoxide-2-hydroxypyridine catalytic system shows promising activity in C-H activation chemistry. In this study, we showcase how this catalytic system solves the problem of native primary amine-directed γ-C(sp3)-H arylation. Primary amines with different complexities are compatible with the established methodology, and the range of applicable substrates can be expanded to include pyridine, oxime ether, and pyridine N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Yuan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Geraci A, Stojiljković U, Antien K, Salameh N, Baudoin O. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular C(sp 3 )-H Amidation for the Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Diamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309263. [PMID: 37493209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-diamines are privileged scaffolds among bioactive natural products, active pharmaceutical ingredients, ligands for transition-metal-based asymmetric catalysis and organocatalysts. Despite this interest, the construction of chiral 1,2-diamine motifs still remains a challenge. To address this, an iridium(III)-catalyzed intermolecular C(sp3 )-H amidation reaction was developed. This method relies on the design of a new, cheap and cleavable exo-protecting/directing group derived from camphorsulfonic acid, which is directly installed from easily accessible precursors, and furnishes scalemic free 1,2-diamines upon cleavage of both nitrogen substituents. It was found applicable to both α-secondary and α-tertiary-1,2-diamines, for which a two-step protocol involving intermolecular olefin hydroamination and C(sp3 )-H amidation was developed. Kinetic and computational studies provided insights into the observed reactivity difference between pairs of diastereoisomeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Geraci
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uros Stojiljković
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Antien
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nihad Salameh
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Zhao Q, Yu L, Zhang YD, Guo YQ, Chen M, Ren ZH, Guan ZH. C(alkyl)-C(vinyl) bond cleavage enabled by Retro-Pallada-Diels-Alder reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2572. [PMID: 37142571 PMCID: PMC10160084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and cleavage of carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds is a fundamental transformation in organic chemistry while inert C-C bonds cleavage remains a long-standing challenge. Retro-Diels-Alder (retro-DA) reaction is a well-known and important tool for C-C bonds cleavage but less been explored in methodology by contrast to other strategies. Herein, we report a selective C(alkyl)-C(vinyl) bond cleavage strategy realized through the transient directing group mediated retro-Diels-Alder reaction of a six-membered palladacycle, which is obtained from an in situ generated hydrazone and palladium hydride species. This unprecedented strategy exhibits good tolerances and thus offers new opportunities for late-stage modifications of complex molecules. DFT calculations revealed that an intriguing retro-Pd(IV)-Diels-Alder process is possibly involved in the catalytic cycle, thus bridging both Retro-Diels-Alder reaction and C-C bond cleavage. We anticipate that this strategy should prove instrumental for potential applications to achieve the modification of functional organic skeletons in synthetic chemistry and other fields involving in molecular editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Du Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
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5
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Sharma P, Karmakar I, Brahmachari G, Gupta VK. X-Ray Analysis of N'-Acetyl-4-formyl-N'-phenylbenzohydrazide. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522070112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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6
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Brahmachari G, Bhowmick A, Karmakar I. Catalyst- and Additive-Free C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of (Thio)barbituric Acids via C-5 Dehydrogenative Aza-Coupling Under Ambient Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30051-30063. [PMID: 36061699 PMCID: PMC9434791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot room-temperature-based three-component reaction strategy has been accomplished to access a new series of bio-relevant barbituric/2-thiobarbituric acid hydrazones from the reaction between barbituric/2-thiobarbituric acids, primary aromatic amines, and tert-butyl nitrite in an acetonitrile solvent, without the aid of any catalysts/additives. The ambient reaction conditions can efficiently implement the C(sp3)-H functionalization of barbituric/2-thiobarbituric acids via C-5 dehydrogenative aza-coupling. The process does not require column chromatographic purification; pure products are obtained by simple filtration of the resulting reaction mixture, followed by washing the crude residue with distilled water. The catalyst-free ambient reaction conditions, operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and tolerance for various functional groups, no need for chromatographic purification, good to excellent yields of products within reasonable reaction times in minutes, clean reaction profile, and gram-scale synthetic applicability make this procedure attractive, green, and cost-effective.
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7
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Ni SF, Huang G, Chen Y, Wright JS, Li M, Dang L. Recent advances in γ-C(sp3)–H bond activation of amides, aliphatic amines, sulfanilamides and amino acids. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Antonov AA, Bryliakov KP. Recent progress in catalytic acyloxylation of C(sp
3
)‐H bonds. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Antonov
- Department of the Mechanisms of Catalytic Reactions Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Department of the Mechanisms of Catalytic Reactions Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Novosibirsk Russia
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9
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Yang M, Ye B, Chen J, Wu J. Visible-light Photocatalytic Alkylsulfonylation of Aroylhydrazides with Alkylsulfonyl Radicals. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Liu S, Zhuang Z, Qiao JX, Yeung KS, Su S, Cherney EC, Ruan Z, Ewing WR, Poss MA, Yu JQ. Ligand Enabled Pd(II)-Catalyzed γ-C(sp 3)-H Lactamization of Native Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21657-21666. [PMID: 34914877 PMCID: PMC9116424 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
γ-Lactams form important structural cores of a range of medicinally relevant natural products and clinical drugs, principal examples being the new generation of immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) and the brivaracetam family. Compared to conventional multistep synthesis, an intramolecular γ-C-H amination of aliphatic amides would allow for the direct construction of valuable γ-lactam motifs from abundant amino acid precursors. Herein we report a novel 2-pyridone ligand enabled Pd(II)-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)-H lactamization of amino acid derived native amides, providing the convenient synthesis of γ-lactams, isoindolinones, and 2-imidazolidinones. C6-Substitution of the 2-pyridone ligand is crucial for the lactam formation. This protocol features the use of N-acyl amino acids, which serve as both the directing group and cyclization partner, practical and environmentally benign tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as the sole bystanding oxidant, and a broad substrate scope. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated through the two-step syntheses of a lenalidomide analog and brivaracetam from readily available carboxylic acids and amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Shun Su
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Emily C. Cherney
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Zheming Ruan
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Michael A. Poss
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States,Corresponding Author.
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11
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Liu B, Romine AM, Rubel CZ, Engle KM, Shi BF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14957-15074. [PMID: 34714620 PMCID: PMC8968411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed, coordination-assisted C(sp3)-H functionalization has revolutionized synthetic planning over the past few decades as the use of these directing groups has allowed for increased access to many strategic positions in organic molecules. Nonetheless, several challenges remain preeminent, such as the requirement for high temperatures, the difficulty in removing or converting directing groups, and, although many metals provide some reactivity, the difficulty in employing metals outside of palladium. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of coordination-assisted, transition-metal-catalyzed, direct functionalization of nonactivated C(sp3)-H bonds by covering the literature since 2004 in order to demonstrate the current state-of-the-art methods as well as the current limitations. For clarity, this review has been divided into nine sections by the transition metal catalyst with subdivisions by the type of bond formation. Synthetic applications and reaction mechanism are discussed where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Andrew M. Romine
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Camille Z. Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
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12
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Nagasawa S, Hosaka M, Iwabuchi Y. ortho-C-H Acetoxylation of Cubane Enabling Access to Cubane Analogues of Pharmaceutically Relevant Scaffolds. Org Lett 2021; 23:8717-8721. [PMID: 34672601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of introducing an oxygen functionality into a cubane core was developed using a transition-metal-catalyzed directed acetoxylation methodology via C-H activation. The obtained compounds were derivatized into cubane analogues of pharmaceutically relevant structural motifs, namely, acetylsalicylic acid and coumarin motifs, which could potentially act as bioisosteres of these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaki Hosaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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13
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Sahoo SR, Dutta S, Al-Thabaiti SA, Mokhtar M, Maiti D. Transition metal catalyzed C-H bond activation by exo-metallacycle intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11885-11903. [PMID: 34693418 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
exo-Metallacycles have become the key reaction intermediates in activating various remote C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds in the past decade and aided in achieving unusual site-selectivity. Various novel exo-chelating auxiliaries have assisted metals to reach desired remote C-H bonds of different alcohol and amine-derived substrates. As a result, a wide range of organic transformations of C-H bonds like halogenation, acetoxylation, amidation, sulfonylation, olefination, acylation, arylation, etc. were accessible using the exo-metallacycle strategy. In this review, we have summarized the developments in C-H bond activation via four-, five-, six-, seven- and eight-membered exo-metallacycles and the key reaction intermediates, including the mechanistic aspects, are discussed concisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Shaeel A Al-Thabaiti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076, India.
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14
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Wasa M, Yesilcimen A. Enantioselective Cooperative Catalysis within Frustrated Lewis Pair Complexes. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wasa
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College
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15
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Murali K, Machado LA, Carvalho RL, Pedrosa LF, Mukherjee R, Da Silva Júnior EN, Maiti D. Decoding Directing Groups and Their Pivotal Role in C-H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:12453-12508. [PMID: 34038596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic organic chemistry has witnessed a plethora of functionalization and defunctionalization strategies. In this regard, C-H functionalization has been at the forefront due to the multifarious applications in the development of simple to complex molecular architectures and holds a brilliant prospect in drug development and discovery. Despite been explored tremendously by chemists, this functionalization strategy still enjoys the employment of novel metal catalysts as well metal-free organic ligands. Moreover, the switch to photo- and electrochemistry has widened our understanding of the alternative pathways via which a reaction can proceed and these strategies have garnered prominence when applied to C-H activation. Synthetic chemists have been foraging for new directing groups and templates for the selective activation of C-H bonds from a myriad of carbon-hydrogen bonds in aromatic as well as aliphatic systems. As a matter of fact, by varying the templates and directing groups, scientists found the answer to the challenge of distal C-H bond activation which remained an obstacle for a very long time. These templates have been frequently harnessed for selectively activating C-H bonds of natural products, drugs, and macromolecules decorated with multiple C-H bonds. This itself was a challenge before the commencement of this field as functionalization of a site other than the targeted site could modify and hamper the biological activity of the pharmacophore. Total synthesis and pharmacophore development often faces the difficulty of superfluous reaction steps towards selective functionalization. This obstacle has been solved by late-stage functionalization simply by harnessing C-H bond activation. Moreover, green chemistry and metal-free reaction conditions have seen light in the past few decades due to the rising concern about environmental issues. Therefore, metal-free catalysts or the usage of non-toxic metals have been recently showcased in a number of elegant works. Also, research groups across the world are developing rational strategies for directing group free or non-directed protocols that are just guided by ligands. This review encapsulates the research works pertinent to C-H bond activation and discusses the science devoted to it at the fundamental level. This review gives the readers a broad understanding of how these strategies work, the execution of various metal catalysts, and directing groups. This not only helps a budding scientist towards the commencement of his/her research but also helps a matured mind searching out for selective functionalization. A detailed picture of this field and its progress with time has been portrayed in lucid scientific language with a motive to inculcate and educate scientific minds about this beautiful strategy with an overview of the most relevant and significant works of this era. The unique trait of this review is the detailed description and classification of various directing groups and their utility over a wide substrate scope. This allows an experimental chemist to understand the applicability of this domain and employ it over any targeted substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanidhi Murali
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana A Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato L Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Pedrosa
- Department of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rishav Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | | | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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16
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Wang XY, Li Y, Shi L, Zhu X, Hao XQ, Song MP. Palladium-catalyzed C–H acetoxylation of 2-arylindazoles. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Chang Y, Cao M, Chan JZ, Zhao C, Wang Y, Yang R, Wasa M. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Alkylamines through β-Amino C-H Functionalization Promoted by Cooperative Actions of B(C 6F 5) 3 and a Chiral Lewis Acid Co-Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2441-2455. [PMID: 33512998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a catalytic method for β-C(sp3)-H functionalization of N-alkylamines for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched β-substituted amines, entities prevalent in pharmaceutical compounds and used to generate different families of chiral catalysts. We demonstrate that a catalyst system comprising of seemingly competitive Lewis acids, B(C6F5)3, and a chiral Mg- or Sc-based complex, promotes the highly enantioselective union of N-alkylamines and α,β-unsaturated compounds. An array of δ-amino carbonyl compounds was synthesized under redox-neutral conditions by enantioselective reaction of a N-alkylamine-derived enamine and an electrophile activated by the chiral Lewis acid co-catalyst. The utility of the approach is highlighted by late-stage β-C-H functionalization of bioactive amines. Investigations in regard to the mechanistic nuances of the catalytic processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jessica Z Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Cunyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yuankai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Rose Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Masayuki Wasa
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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18
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Zhang J, Lu X, Shen C, Xu L, Ding L, Zhong G. Recent advances in chelation-assisted site- and stereoselective alkenyl C–H functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3263-3314. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in vicinal- and geminal-group-directed alkenyl C–H functionalizations which proceeded by endo- and exo-cyclometallation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Materials
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- China
| | - Xiunan Lu
- College of Materials
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- China
| | - Cong Shen
- College of Materials
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- China
| | - Liangyao Xu
- College of Materials
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- China
| | - Liyuan Ding
- College of Materials
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- China
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19
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Ashley MA, Rovis T. Photoredox-Catalyzed Deaminative Alkylation via C–N Bond Activation of Primary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18310-18316. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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20
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Kapoor M, Singh A, Sharma K, Hua Hsu M. Site‐Selective C(
sp
3
)−H and C(
sp
2
)−H Functionalization of Amines Using a Directing‐Group‐Guided Strategy. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kapoor
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India 140401
| | - Adhish Singh
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India 140401
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India 140401
| | - Ming Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Taiwan 500, R.O.C Changhua
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21
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Mu T, Wei B, Zhu D, Yu B. Site-selective C-H hydroxylation of pentacyclic triterpenoids directed by transient chiral pyridine-imino groups. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4371. [PMID: 32873790 PMCID: PMC7462855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) constitute one of the biggest families of natural products, many with higher oxidation state at the D/E rings possess a wide spectrum of biological activties but are poorly accessible. Here we report a site-selective C-H hydroxylation at the D/E rings of PTs paving a way toward these important natural products. We find that Schönecker and Baran's Cu-mediated aerobic oxidation can be applied and become site-selective on PT skeletons, as being effected unexpectedly by the chirality of the transient pyridine-imino directing groups. To prove the applicability, starting from the most abundant triterpenoid feedstock oleanane, three representative saponins bearing hydroxyl groups at C16 or C22 are expeditiously synthesized, and barringtogenol C which bears hydroxyl groups at C16, C21, and C22 is synthesized via a sequential hydroxylation as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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22
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N-Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11908-11912. [PMID: 32293088 PMCID: PMC7384184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the first efficient strategy to synthesize a broad range of unsymmetrical N-CF3 hydrazines, which served as platform to unlock numerous currently inaccessible derivatives, such as tri- and tetra-substituted N-CF3 hydrazines, hydrazones, sulfonyl hydrazines, and valuable N-CF3 indoles. These compounds proved to be remarkably robust, being compatible with acids, bases, and a wide range of synthetic manipulations. The feasibility of RN(CF3 )-NH2 to function as a directing group in C-H functionalization is also showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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23
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Li X, Liang G, Shi Z. Regio‐Divergent
C—H Alkynylation with Janus Directing Strategy
via
Ir(
III
) Catalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Guangxin Liang
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhang‐Jie Shi
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry CAS Shanghai 200032 China
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24
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N
‐Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouayad‐Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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25
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Su B, Bunescu A, Qiu Y, Zuend SJ, Ernst M, Hartwig JF. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of β-C(sp 3)-H Bonds of Primary Alkylamines through a Rare Four-Membered Palladacycle Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7912-7919. [PMID: 32216373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalizations of C-H bonds are often achieved with a directing group that leads to five- or six-membered metallacyclic intermediates. Analogous reactions that occur through four-membered metallacycles are rare. We report a challenging palladium-catalyzed oxidation of primary C-H bonds β to nitrogen in an imine of an aliphatic amine, a process that occurs through a four-membered palladacyclc intermediate. The success of the reaction relies on the identification, by H/D exchange, of a simple directing group (salicylaldehyde) capable of inducing the formation of this small ring. To gain insight into the steps of the catalytic cycle of this unusual oxidation reaction, a series of mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted. The experimental studies showed that cleavage of the C-H bond is rate-limiting and formation of the strained four-membered palladacycle is thermodynamically uphill. DFT calculations corroborated these conclusions and suggested that the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the oxygen of the directing group and hydroxyl group of the ligating acetic acid is crucial for stabilization of the palladacyclic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ala Bunescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yehao Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephan J Zuend
- BASF Corporation, 46820 Fremont Boulevard, Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | - Martin Ernst
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Gou Q, Tan X, Zhang M, Ran M, Yuan T, He S, Zhou L, Cao T, Luo F. Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Acetoxylation of Phenols with Removable Monodentate Directing Groups: Access to Pyrocatechol Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:1966-1971. [PMID: 32073867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient cobalt-catalyzed C-H acetoxylation of phenols has been developed by using PIDA (phenyliodine diacetate) as a sole acetoxy source to synthesize pyrocatechol derivatives for the first time. The key feature of this method is the use of earth-abundant metal cobalt as the green and inexpensive catalyst for the acetoxylation of C(sp2)-H bonds under neutral reaction conditions. Furthermore, the gram-scale reaction and late-stage functionalization demonstrated the usefulness of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development in Wuling Mountain, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development in Wuling Mountain, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Mingzhong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development in Wuling Mountain, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Man Ran
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development in Wuling Mountain, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Tengrui Yuan
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Shuhua He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development in Wuling Mountain, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Linzong Zhou
- School of Geographical Science and Tourism Management, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Tuanwu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development in Wuling Mountain, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Feihua Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
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27
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Trowbridge A, Walton SM, Gaunt MJ. New Strategies for the Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Amines. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2613-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Oncology
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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28
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Fu WC, Kwong FY. A denitrogenative palladium-catalyzed cascade for regioselective synthesis of fluorenes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1411-1417. [PMID: 34123265 PMCID: PMC8148384 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a denitrogenative palladium-catalyzed cascade for the modular and regioselective synthesis of polysubstituted fluorenes. Hydrazone facilitates the Pd(ii) to Pd(iv) oxidative addition in a Catellani pathway and is also the methylene synthon in the proposed reaction. Aryl iodides and 2-bromoarylaldehyde hydrazones undergo a norbornene-controlled tandem reaction sequence to give a broad scope of fluorenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The method described is scalable and adaptable to a three-component reaction with in situ generation of the hydrazone group. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
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29
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Debnath S, Das T, Gayen S, Ghosh T, Maiti DK. Iodine-Catalyzed Functionalization of Primary Aliphatic Amines to Oxazoles, 1,4-Oxazines, and Oxazinones. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20410-20422. [PMID: 31815245 PMCID: PMC6894181 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented I2-catalyzed α,α-C(sp3)-H, decarboxylative α-C(sp3)-H, lactonized α-C(sp3)-H, and α,β-C(sp3)-H functionalized 5- and 6-annulation as well as α-C(sp3)-H activated 6-lactonization of primary aliphatic amines are devised under aerobic conditions. The metal-free sustainable strategy was employed for the diverse construction of valuable five-and six-membered polycyclic N,O-heteroaromatics such as oxazoles, 1,4-oxazines, and oxazin-2-one with a rapid reaction rate and high yield. The viability of this mild nonmetallic catalysis is successfully verified through syntheses of labile chiral heterocyclic analogues. In contrast to the common practice, this method is not limited to use of prefunctionalized amines, directing groups (DGs) and/or transient DGs, metal catalysts, and traditional oxidants. The possible mechanistic pathway of the annulation reaction is investigated by control experiments and ESI-MS data collected for a reaction mixture of the ongoing reaction. The synthesized new compounds are potent organic nanobuilding blocks to achieve valuable organic nanomaterials of different sizes, shapes, and dimensions, which are under investigation for the discovery of high-tech devices of innovative organic nanoelectronics and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Debnath
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tuluma Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Subrata Gayen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tapas Ghosh
- Department
of Applied Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad University of Technology, Haringhata 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
- E-mail:
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30
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Brahmachari G, Karmakar I. sp
2-C-H Acetoxylation of Diversely Substituted (E
)-1-(Arylmethylene)-2-phenylhydrazines Using PhI(OAc)2
as Acetoxy Source at Ambient Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati(a Central University); 731 235 Santiniketan- West Bengal India
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati(a Central University); 731 235 Santiniketan- West Bengal India
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31
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32
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Kapoor M, Chand-Thakuri P, Young MC. Carbon Dioxide-Mediated C(sp2)–H Arylation of Primary and Secondary Benzylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7980-7989. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Pratibha Chand-Thakuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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33
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Lin H, Pan X, Barsamian AL, Kamenecka TM, Bannister TD. Native Directed Site-Selective δ-C(sp3)–H and δ-C(sp2)–H Arylation of Primary Amines. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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34
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Vasu D, Fuentes de Arriba AL, Leitch JA, de Gombert A, Dixon DJ. Primary α-tertiary amine synthesis via α-C-H functionalization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3401-3407. [PMID: 30996928 PMCID: PMC6429468 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A quinone-mediated general synthetic platform for the construction of primary α-tertiary amines from abundant primary α-branched amine starting materials is described. This procedure pivots on the efficient in situ generation of reactive ketimine intermediates and subsequent reaction with carbon-centered nucleophiles such as organomagnesium and organolithium reagents, and TMSCN, creating quaternary centers. Furthermore, extension to reverse polarity photoredox catalysis enables reactivity with electrophiles, via a nucleophilic α-amino radical intermediate. This efficient, broadly applicable and scalable amine-to-amine synthetic platform was successfully applied to library and API synthesis and in the functionalization of drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjayan Vasu
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Angel L Fuentes de Arriba
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Antoine de Gombert
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
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35
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Cheng L, Sun Y, Wang W, Yao C, Li TJ. Ligand-Free Copper(I)-Catalyzed Benzylic Acyloxylation of 2-Alkylpyridines under Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3074-3082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Sun
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Tuan-Jie Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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36
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Wang BX, Mao YJ, Hao HY, Wu QZ, Zhou K, Lou SJ, Xu DQ. Pd-catalysed selective C(sp 3)-H arylation and acetoxylation of alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7049-7052. [PMID: 31143893 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed selective C(sp3)-H arylation and acetoxylation of alcohols using a practical bidentate auxiliary were developed. Masked alcohols were selectively arylated at the β-position with diverse aryl iodides for the first time. Moreover, an efficient and site-selective acetoxylation of various primary methyl, methylene, and benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds was performed by using cheap K2S2O8 as the external oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xin Wang
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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37
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Yang K, Gao JJ, Luo SH, Wu HQ, Pang CM, Wang BW, Chen XY, Wang ZY. Quick construction of a C–N bond from arylsulfonyl hydrazides and Csp2–X compounds promoted by DMAP at room temperature. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19917-19923. [PMID: 35514736 PMCID: PMC9065325 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild C–N coupling reaction with arylsulfonyl hydrazides and 2(5H)-furanones shows good yields, excellent reaction regioselectivity and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment
| | - Juan-Juan Gao
- College of Sports and Rehabilitation
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Han-Qing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Chu-Ming Pang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Bo-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Xiao-Yun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
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38
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Su B, Lee T, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed, β-Selective C(sp 3)-H Silylation of Aliphatic Amines To Form Silapyrrolidines and 1,2-Amino Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18032-18038. [PMID: 30354144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds of aliphatic amines catalyzed by transition-metal complexes is important because amine-based functionality is present in a majority of biologically active molecules and commercial pharmaceuticals. However, such reactions are underdeveloped and challenging to achieve in general because the basicity and reducing properties of alkylamines tends to interfere with potential reagents and catalysts. The functionalization of C-H bonds β to the nitrogen of aliphatic amines to form prevalent 1,2-amino functionalized structures is particularly challenging because the C-H bond β to nitrogen is stronger than the C-H bond α to nitrogen, and the nitrogen in the amine or its derivatives usually directs a catalyst to react at more distal γ- and δ-C-H bonds to form 5- or 6-membered metallacyclic intermediate. The enantioselective functionalization of a C-H bond at any position in amines also has been vexing and is currently limited to reactions of specific, sterically hindered, cyclic structures. We report iridium-catalyzed, β-selective silylations of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds of aliphatic amines to form silapyrrolidines that are both silicon-containing analogs of common saturated nitrogen heterocycles and precursors to 1,2-amino alcohols by Tamao-Fleming oxidation. These silylations of amines are accomplished by introducing a simple methylene linker between the heteroatom and silicon that has not been used previously for the silylation of C-H bonds. The reactions occur with high enantioselectivity when catalyzed by complexes of new chiral, pyridyl imidazoline ligands, and the rates of reactions with catalysts of these highly basic ligands are particularly fast, occuring in some cases at or even below room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Taegyo Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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39
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Zhang BS, Li Y, An Y, Zhang Z, Liu C, Wang XG, Liang YM. Carboxylate Ligand-Exchanged Amination/C(sp3)–H Arylation Reaction via Pd/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ce Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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40
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Ye J, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F, Rovis T. Direct α-alkylation of primary aliphatic amines enabled by CO 2 and electrostatics. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1037-1041. [PMID: 30061617 PMCID: PMC6150826 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary aliphatic amines are important building blocks in organic synthesis due to the presence of a synthetically versatile NH2 group. N-functionalization of primary amines is well established, but selective C-functionalization of unprotected primary amines remains challenging. Here, we report the use of CO2 as an activator for the direct transformation of abundant primary aliphatic amines into valuable γ-lactams under photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis. Experimental and computational studies suggest that CO2 not only inhibits undesired N-alkylation of primary amines, but also promotes selective intermolecular HAT by an electrostatically accelerated interaction between the in situ-generated negatively charged carbamate and the positively charged quinuclidinium radical. This electrostatic attraction overwhelms the inherent bond dissociation energies which suggest that HAT should occur unselectively. We anticipate that our findings will open up new avenues for amine functionalizations as well as selectivity control in HAT reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Sambiagio C, Schönbauer D, Blieck R, Dao-Huy T, Pototschnig G, Schaaf P, Wiesinger T, Zia MF, Wencel-Delord J, Besset T, Maes BUW, Schnürch M. A comprehensive overview of directing groups applied in metal-catalysed C-H functionalisation chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6603-6743. [PMID: 30033454 PMCID: PMC6113863 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1097] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review is devoted to summarizing the recent advances (2015-2017) in the field of metal-catalysed group-directed C-H functionalisation. In order to clearly showcase the molecular diversity that can now be accessed by means of directed C-H functionalisation, the whole is organized following the directing groups installed on a substrate. Its aim is to be a comprehensive reference work, where a specific directing group can be easily found, together with the transformations which have been carried out with it. Hence, the primary format of this review is schemes accompanied with a concise explanatory text, in which the directing groups are ordered in sections according to their chemical structure. The schemes feature typical substrates used, the products obtained as well as the required reaction conditions. Importantly, each example is commented on with respect to the most important positive features and drawbacks, on aspects such as selectivity, substrate scope, reaction conditions, directing group removal, and greenness. The targeted readership are both experts in the field of C-H functionalisation chemistry (to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the last years) and, even more so, all organic chemists who want to introduce the C-H functionalisation way of thinking for a design of straightforward, efficient and step-economic synthetic routes towards molecules of interest to them. Accordingly, this review should be of particular interest also for scientists from industrial R&D sector. Hence, the overall goal of this review is to promote the application of C-H functionalisation reactions outside the research groups dedicated to method development and establishing it as a valuable reaction archetype in contemporary R&D, comparable to the role cross-coupling reactions play to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - David Schönbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Remi Blieck
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Toan Dao-Huy
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Gerit Pototschnig
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Patricia Schaaf
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Thomas Wiesinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Zia
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7509)
, Université de Strasbourg
,
ECPM 25 Rue Becquerel
, 67087 Strasbourg
, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
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42
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Kapoor M, Chand-Thakuri P, Maxwell JM, Young MC. Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30176024 DOI: 10.3791/58281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein is presented a general strategy to perform reactions under mild to moderate CO2 pressures with dry ice. This technique obviates the need for specialized equipment to achieve modest pressures, and can even be used to achieve higher pressures in more specialized equipment and sturdier reaction vessels. At the end of the reaction, the vials can be easily depressurized by opening at room temperature. In the present example CO2 serves as both a putative directing group as well as a way to passivate amine substrates, thereby preventing oxidation during the organometallic reaction. In addition to being easily added, the directing group is also removed under vacuum, obviating the need for extensive purification to remove the directing group. This strategy allows the facile γ-C(sp3)-H arylation of aliphatic amines and has the potential to be applied to a variety of other amine-based reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo
| | - Pratibha Chand-Thakuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo
| | - Justin M Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo;
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43
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Liu JB, Tian YY, Zhang X, Wang LL, Chen DZ. A computational mechanistic study of Pd(ii)-catalyzed γ-C(sp 3)-H olefination/cyclization of amines: the roles of bicarbonate and ligand effect. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4893-4901. [PMID: 29546266 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of palladium-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)-H olefination/cyclization of triflyl-protected amines was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The olefinated intermediate was initially formed in the first catalytic cycle involving ligand exchange, bicarbonate-assisted C(sp3)-H bond cleavage, alkene insertion and 'reductive β-hydride elimination'. The following syn-addition and reductive elimination furnish the aza-Wacker product. The first step of reductive elimination is the rate-determining step. The mechanism unveils the important roles of bicarbonate: aiding the C-H activation and abstracting the β-proton in the second step of reductive elimination. The parallel bridging mode in the metal-olefin intermediate facilitates the syn-addition, explaining the experimentally observed stereoselectivity. The effect of the monodentate pyridine-based ligands is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Ying Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Lu-Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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44
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Larrosa M, Zonker B, Volkmann J, Wech F, Logemann C, Hausmann H, Hrdina R. Directed C−H Bond Oxidation of Bridged Cycloalkanes Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Acetate. Chemistry 2018; 24:6269-6276. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Larrosa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Benjamin Zonker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Jannis Volkmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Felix Wech
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Christian Logemann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Heike Hausmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Radim Hrdina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Justus-Liebig University; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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45
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Prieto A, Bouyssi D, Monteiro N. Radical-Mediated Formal C(sp2
)-H Functionalization of Aldehyde-Derived N
,N
-Dialkylhydrazones. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Prieto
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69622 Villeurbanne France
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46
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Xu P, Li W, Xie J, Zhu C. Exploration of C-H Transformations of Aldehyde Hydrazones: Radical Strategies and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:484-495. [PMID: 29359909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of hydrazones has gained great momentum due to their involvement throughout the evolution of organic synthesis. Herein, we discuss the tremendous developments in both the methodology and application of hydrazones. Hydrazones can be recognized not only as synthetic equivalents to aldehydes and ketones but also as versatile synthetic building blocks. Consequently, they can participate in a range of practical synthetic transformations. Furthermore, hydrazone derivatives display a broad array of biological activities and have been widely applied as pharmaceuticals. Owing to the weak directing group effect of simple aldehydes and ketones in C-H bond functionalizations, the C-H bond functionalizations of hydrazones that have been developed in the past five years represent a significant step forward. These novel transformations open a new door to a broader library of functionalized and complex small molecules. Moreover, a wide range of biologically important N-heterocycles (dihydropyrazoles, pyrazoles, indazoles, cinnolines, etc.) can be efficiently synthesized in an atom- and step-economical manner through single, double, or triple C-H bond functionalizations of hydrazones. Both radical C-H functionalizations and transition-metal-catalyzed directing-group strategies have enhanced the synthetic utility of hydrazones in the chemical community because these strategies solve the long-standing challenge of C-H functionalizations adjacent to aldehydes and ketones. We began this study based on our ongoing interest in visible-light photoredox catalysis. Visible-light photoredox catalysis has become a powerful tool in contemporary synthetic chemistry due to its remarkable advantages in sustainability and use of radical chemistry. By exploiting a photoredox-catalyzed aminyl radical polar crossover (ARPC) strategy, we successfully achieved visible-light-induced C(sp2)-H difluoroalkylation, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of aldehyde-derived hydrazones. This intriguing result was later applied in the C(sp2)-H amination of hydrazones and a cascade cyclization reaction for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. Encouraged by this redox-neutral C-H functionalization of aldehyde hydrazones, we extended the oxidative C-H/P-H cross-coupling method, which represents a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of α-iminophosphine oxides. Furthermore, an elegant [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides and aldehyde hydrazones for the synthesis of functionalized tetrazoles was advantageously developed during our investigation of the oxidative C(sp2)-H azidation of aldehyde hydrazones with TMSN3. The sequential C(sp2)-H/C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of aldehyde-derived hydrazones with simple 2,2-dibromo-1,3-dicarbonyls was achieved by employing relay photoredox catalysis, and it provides a novel method of accessing bioactive fused dihydropyrazole derivatives. The notable feature of this approach was further reflected in the formal [4 + 1] annulation of aldehyde-derived N-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrazones with 2-bromo-1,3-dicarbonyls. To complement these radical C-H functionalization strategies, we recently applied a directing-group strategy in the Rh-catalyzed C(aldehyde)-H functionalization of aldehyde-derived hydrazones for the synthesis of distinctive and bioactive 1H-indazole scaffolds. In summary, this Account presents recent contributions to the exploration, development, mechanistic insights, and synthetic applications of C-H bond functionalizations of aldehyde hydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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47
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Guin S, Deb A, Dolui P, Chakraborty S, Singh VK, Maiti D. Promoting Highly Diastereoselective γ-C–H Chalcogenation of α-Amino Acids and Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arghya Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pravas Dolui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Souvik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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48
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Le Bras J, Muzart J. C-O Bonds from Pd-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Reactions Mediated by Heteroatomic Groups. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Bras
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims - Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Jacques Muzart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims - Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
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49
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Xu Y, Dong G. sp 3 C-H activation via exo-type directing groups. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1424-1432. [PMID: 29675189 PMCID: PMC5892337 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of exo-type directing groups (DGs) has led to the discovery of a wide range of novel C(sp3)-H activation methods, which allow efficient and site-selective functionalization of alcohol and amide derivatives. In this mini-review we discuss the challenges of this field and summarize the achievements, including DG designs, reaction discoveries and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
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50
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Complementary Strategies for Directed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization: A Comparison of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Carbene/Nitrene Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:62-101. [PMID: 29206316 PMCID: PMC5853126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds streamlines chemical synthesis by allowing the use of simple molecules and providing novel synthetic disconnections. Intensive recent efforts in the development of new reactions based on C-H functionalization have led to its wider adoption across a range of research areas. This Review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of three main approaches: transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer, and transition-metal-catalyzed carbene/nitrene transfer, for the directed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds. For each strategy, the scope, the reactivity of different C-H bonds, the position of the reacting C-H bonds relative to the directing group, and stereochemical outcomes are illustrated with examples in the literature. The aim of this Review is to provide guidance for the use of C-H functionalization reactions and inspire future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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