1
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Hao L, Liu X, Yi D, Wang Y, Yu X, Ma Z, Ji Y. The [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of N-Substituted Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes with Arylalkenes under Copper Catalysis: Access to Dihydropyrrolizine Skeletons. Org Lett 2023; 25:9136-9141. [PMID: 38100569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we found that treating N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes with arylalkenes in DMF in N2 at 120 °C could afford pyrrolidine scaffolds with an up to 85% yield. This approach has several remarkable features, such as atom and step economy, readily accessible raw materials, and easy-to-operate manner, providing a simple and efficient method for constructing complicated bicyclic pyrroles. Additionally, we have successfully synthesized 28 target compounds, which further demonstrates its practicality and wide applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Hao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xian Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Biotalk Co., LTD, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yafei Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Shan Y, Yang Z, Yu JT, Pan C. Metal-free polychloromethyl radical-initiated cyclization of unactivated N-allylindoles towards pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5259-5263. [PMID: 35735246 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free polychloromethyl radical-initiated cyclization of unactivated alkenes was developed using CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 as the di- and trichloromethyl radical sources. Variously substituted N-allyl-indoles were successfully transformed into the corresponding C2-(di- and trichloromethyl) pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in moderate to good yields. This reaction has a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Dibromomethylated products can also be obtained using CH2Br2 under standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Zixian Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
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3
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Sirindil F, Weibel JM, Pale P, Blanc A. Rhazinilam-leuconolam family of natural products: a half century of total synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1574-1590. [PMID: 35699109 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1972 to 2021The rhazinilam family of natural products exhibits a main structure with a stereogenic quaternary carbon and a tetrahydroindolizine core imbedded within a 9-membered macrocycle, imposing axial chirality. This unique architecture combined with their taxol-like antimitotic activities have attracted various attention, especially from synthetic chemists, notably in the past decade. The present review describes the known total and formal syntheses of the members of the rhazinilam family (rhazinilam, rhazinal, leuconolam and kopsiyunnanines), according to the strategy developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Sirindil
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 - CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Weibel
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 - CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Patrick Pale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 - CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Aurélien Blanc
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 - CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Dong X, Sun X, Yang Y, Liu W, Zheng B, Li X, Zhang D, Wang F, Liu H. Pd/Et 3N·HI-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H Alkylation to Access [ a]-Annulated Indoles via Highly Regioselective Ring-Opening of Epoxides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7995-8004. [PMID: 35671111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Pd/Et3N·HI-catalyzed intramolecular C-H alkylation of indoles with epoxides was achieved to furnish N-fused indole frameworks (5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings) bearing an alcohol group. The conversion proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et3N·HI together with a palladium catalyst and exhibited great functional group tolerance. The employment of Et3N·HI not only avoids the prior preparation of alkyl halide substrates but also is the key to the high chemoselective ring-opening of epoxides. Preliminary mechanism explorations strongly support a radical pathway, and the catalytic cycle was established tentatively according to the mechanism investigation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Daopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fagang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
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5
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Liu H, Qi C, Wang L, Guo Y, Li D, Jiang H. Base-Promoted Three-Component Cascade Reaction of α-Hydroxy Ketones, Malonodinitrile, and Alcohols: Direct Access to Tetrasubstituted N H-Pyrroles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9610-9620. [PMID: 34227382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A base-promoted three-component cascade reaction of α-hydroxy ketones, malonodinitrile, and alcohols has been developed, providing a direct and efficient route to a range of structurally diverse and synthetically useful 2-alkyloxy-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile derivatives. The reaction involved three different bond (C-C, C-O, and C-N) formations in a single step, and its regioselectivity was depended on the structure of the α-hydroxy ketones employed. The use of easily available starting materials, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, and high atom economy are attractive features of the new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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6
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Das AJ, Chouhan R, Das SK. Hexafluoroisopropanol-Mediated Intramolecular Ring-Opening Cyclization of Indolyl- N-Tethered Epoxides: Tether-Length-Controlled Synthesis of 1,7- and 1,2-Fused Indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8274-8285. [PMID: 34061532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite having the capability to construct benzo-fused heterocycles in complete atom economy and high chemo-, regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivities, intramolecular Friedel-Crafts epoxide arene cyclization (IFCEAC) remains underutilized in organic synthesis. The wide adaptation of this powerful Csp2-Csp3 bond-forming reaction, therefore, requires a broad understanding of the substrate scope to better impact heterocycle synthesis. Along this line, we investigated the applicability of IFCEAC for the synthesis of 1,7- and 1,2-fused indoles. In this article, we report the results of our systematic investigation into the scope and limitations of the first examples of the hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)-mediated IFCEAC of readily accessible indolyl-N-tethered epoxides. We observed that the nature and position of the indole and epoxide substituents and the tether length separating these two reacting moieties have strong effects on the cyclization. This mild and transition-metal-free protocol delivered pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-5-ols in moderate to good yields from substrates bearing both a methylene linker that connects the indole and epoxide moieties and an electron-rich indole carbocyclic ring. Notably, the reactions required the presence of a π-activating aryl substituent on the reacting epoxide carbon atom. Interestingly, replacing the methylene tether with an ethylene unit resulted in regioswitching, which delivered the corresponding tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]indol-8-ols in good to high yields. We could also successfully extend this methodology to pyrrolyl-N-tethered epoxides for a very high-yielding synthesis of tetrahydroindolizin-7-ols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Raju Chouhan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
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7
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Gansäuer A, Weißbarth H, Mühlhaus F. Titanocene-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening – From Desymmetrizing meso-Epoxides to Regiodivergent Arylation of Epoxides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While SN2 based desymmetrization of meso-epoxides has been extensively researched, the more general regioselective opening of cis-1,2 substituted epoxides via SN2 mechanism remains elusive. This short review outlines, how this limitation could be overcome by parting with SN2 and moving towards a radical-based mechanism. The development and refinement of the titanocene(III)-catalyzed regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO) is described.1 Introduction to Asymmetric Catalysis2 From Enantiodivergent to Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening3 Regiodivergent Arylation of Epoxides4 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn
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8
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Khan HPA, Chakraborty TK. Application of Cp 2TiCl-Promoted Radical-Induced Cyclization: An Expeditious Access to [ a]-Annelated Indoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8000-8012. [PMID: 32469214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and novel route for assembling pyrrolo/piperido[1,2-a]indoles is portrayed involving a radical-mediated reductive epoxide opening reaction of N-tethered epoxy-indoles that trigger facile intramolecular cyclization followed by an oxidative quenching step. Capitalizing on the operational simplicity of the method involving just two steps and use of an efficient C-C bond-forming reaction, this radical-based protocol enables the modular assembly of an important class of N-fused indole derivatives with versatile functional and structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina P A Khan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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9
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Wang L, Qiao J, Wei J, Liang Z, Xu X, Li N. Air-stable binuclear Titanium(IV) salophen perfluorobutanesulfonate with zinc power catalytic system and its application to C–S and C–Se bond formation. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Manßen M, Schafer LL. Titanium catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals – development and trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6947-6994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlas as a Titan(ium) is holding the earth-abundant chemistry world. Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal, is a key player in important industrial processes (e.g. polyethylene) and shows much promise for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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11
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Abstract
New catalytic strategies that leverage single-electron redox events have provided chemists with useful tools for solving synthetic problems. In this context, Ti offers opportunities that are complementary to late transition metals for reaction discovery. Following foundational work on epoxide reductive functionalization, recent methodological advances have significantly expanded the repertoire of Ti radical chemistry. This Synopsis summarizes recent developments in the burgeoning area of Ti radical catalysis with a focus on innovative catalytic strategies such as radical redox-relay and dual catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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12
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Zhang Z, Richrath RB, Gansäuer A. Merging Catalysis in Single Electron Steps with Photoredox Catalysis—Efficient and Sustainable Radical Chemistry. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruben B. Richrath
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Hu Y, Lang K, Tao J, Marshall MK, Cheng Q, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Next-Generation D 2 -Symmetric Chiral Porphyrins for Cobalt(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Catalyst Engineering by Distal Bridging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2670-2674. [PMID: 30601601 PMCID: PMC6456056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel D2 -symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins with alkyl bridges across two chiral amide units on both sides of the porphyrin plane (designated "HuPhyrin") have been effectively constructed in a modular fashion to permit variation of the bridge length. The CoII complexes of HuPhyrin, [Co(HuPhyrin)], represent new-generation metalloradical catalysts where the metal-centered d-radical is situated inside a cavity-like ligand with a more rigid chiral environment and enhanced hydrogen-bonding capability. As demonstrated with cyclopropanation and aziridination as model reactions, the bridged [Co(HuPhyrin)] functions notably different from the open catalysts, exhibiting significant enhancement in both reactivity and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the length of the distal alkyl bridge can have a remarkable influence on the catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jingran Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | | | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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14
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van der Vlugt JI. Radical-Type Reactivity and Catalysis by Single-Electron Transfer to or from Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:2651-2662. [PMID: 30084211 PMCID: PMC6471147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ligand-based redox-activity and chemical non-innocence are rapidly gaining importance for selective (catalytic) processes. This Concept aims to provide an overview of the progress regarding ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer as a relatively new mode of operation to exploit ligand-centered reactivity and catalysis based thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Bio-Inspired Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Groupvan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamNetherlands
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15
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Leijendekker LH, Weweler J, Leuther TM, Kratzert D, Streuff J. Development, Scope, and Applications of Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Cyclizations to Aminated N-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:3382-3390. [PMID: 30615817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Tobias M. Leuther
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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16
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Hu Y, Lang K, Tao J, Marshall MK, Cheng Q, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Next‐Generation
D
2
‐Symmetric Chiral Porphyrins for Cobalt(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Catalyst Engineering by Distal Bridging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jingran Tao
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | | | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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17
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Huang HM, Garduño-Castro MH, Morrill C, Procter DJ. Catalytic cascade reactions by radical relay. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4626-4638. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00947c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic radical relays are an attractive tool for the rapid construction of complex molecular architectures.
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18
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16837-16841. [PMID: 30347505 PMCID: PMC6339699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic radical system involving CoII -based metalloradical catalysis is effective in activating sulfamoyl azides for enantioselective radical 1,6-amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds, affording six-membered chiral heterocyclic sulfamides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The CoII -catalyzed C-H amination features an unusual degree of functional-group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The unique reactivity and stereoselectivity is attributed to the underlying stepwise radical pathway. The resulting optically active cyclic sulfamides can be readily converted into synthetically useful chiral 1,3-diamine derivatives without loss in enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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19
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Luu HT, Streuff J. Development of an Efficient Synthesis of rac
-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone via a Titanium(III) Catalyzed Imine-Nitrile Coupling. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu-Trinh Luu
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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20
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Li N, Yao J, Wang L, Wei J, Liu W, Liu W, Xu X, Liang Z. Titanocene perfluorobutanesulfonate catalyzed reduction of disulfides in the presence of zinc to synthesize unsymmetrical sulfides. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2018; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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22
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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23
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Richrath RB, Olyschläger T, Hildebrandt S, Enny DG, Fianu GD, Flowers RA, Gansäuer A. Cp 2 TiX Complexes for Sustainable Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps. Chemistry 2018; 24:6371-6379. [PMID: 29327511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined electrochemical, kinetic, and synthetic study with a novel and easily accessible class of titanocene catalysts for catalysis in single-electron steps. The tailoring of the electronic properties of our Cp2 TiX-catalysts that are prepared in situ from readily available Cp2 TiX2 is achieved by varying the anionic ligand X. Of the complexes investigated, Cp2 TiOMs proved to be either equal or substantially superior to the best catalysts developed earlier. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties pertinent to catalysis have been determined. They allow a mechanistic understanding of the subtle interplay of properties required for an efficient oxidative addition and reduction. Therefore, our study highlights that efficient catalysts do not require the elaborate covalent modification of the cyclopentadienyl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben B Richrath
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theresa Olyschläger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Hildebrandt
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel G Enny
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Godfred D Fianu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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24
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te Grotenhuis C, van den Heuvel N, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Catalytic Dibenzocyclooctene Synthesis via Cobalt(III)-Carbene Radical and ortho-Quinodimethane Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:140-145. [PMID: 29155465 PMCID: PMC5767734 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The metalloradical activation of ortho-benzallylaryl N-tosyl hydrazones with [Co(TPP)] (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) as the catalyst enabled the controlled exploitation of the single-electron reactivity of the redox non-innocent carbene intermediate. This method offers a novel route to prepare eight-membered rings, using base metal catalysis to construct a series of unique dibenzocyclooctenes through selective Ccarbene -Caryl cyclization. The desired eight-membered-ring products were obtained in good to excellent yields. A large variety of aromatic substituents are tolerated. The proposed reaction mechanism involves intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to CoIII -carbene radical intermediates followed by dissociation of an ortho-quinodimethane that undergoes 8π cyclization. The mechanism is supported by DFT calculations, and the presence of radical-type intermediates was confirmed by trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colet te Grotenhuis
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Naudin van den Heuvel
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Olivier WJ, Smith JA, Bissember AC. Methods for the synthesis of annulated pyrroles via cyclisation strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1216-1226. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we review the methods that have been employed to synthesise annulated pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J. Olivier
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
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26
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van Leest NP, Epping RF, van Vliet KM, Lankelma M, van den Heuvel EJ, Heijtbrink N, Broersen R, de Bruin B. Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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te Grotenhuis C, van den Heuvel N, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Catalytic Dibenzocyclooctene Synthesis via Cobalt(III)-Carbene Radical and ortho
-Quinodimethane Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colet te Grotenhuis
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS); University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Naudin van den Heuvel
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS); University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS); University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS); University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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28
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Borgohain H, Devi R, Dheer D, Borah BJ, Shankar R, Das SK. Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinoline-Embedded Bridged Benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Borgohain
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
| | - Runjun Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
| | - Divya Dheer
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR); Jammu India-180001
| | - Biraj Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR); Jammu India-180001
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Jammu Campus India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
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29
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Botubol-Ares J, Hanson JR, Hernández-Galán R, Collado IG. Mild Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by Titanium(III) Complexes: Selectivity and Mechanism. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3083-3090. [PMID: 31457640 PMCID: PMC6641598 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the epoxidation of a broad range of primary, secondary, and tertiary allylic alcohols is described using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant and Ti(III) species generated by reduction of Ti(IV) complexes, with manganese (0) in 1,4-dioxane under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded with wide substrate scope and high chemo- and diastereoselectivity. A mechanistic pathway for the reaction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
Manuel Botubol-Ares
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real
s/n, 11510 Puerto
Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - James R. Hanson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Rosario Hernández-Galán
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real
s/n, 11510 Puerto
Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isidro G. Collado
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real
s/n, 11510 Puerto
Real, Cádiz, Spain
- E-mail:
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30
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Jiang H, Lang K, Lu H, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Bicyclization of Allyl Azidoformates via Cobalt(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9164-9167. [PMID: 28650659 PMCID: PMC5553632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(II)-based metalloradical catalysis has been successfully applied to radical bicyclization of allyl azidoformates to construct aziridine/oxazolidinone-fused bicyclic structures. The Co(II) complex of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin 3,5-DitBu-QingPhyrin has been identified as an effective metalloradical catalyst for the intramolecular radical aziridination of this type of carbonyl azides, allowing for high-yielding formation of synthetically useful chiral [3.1.0]-bicyclic aziridines with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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31
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Das SK. Recent Advances in the Intramolecular Reactions of Epoxides with Arenes and Heteroarenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napaam; Tezpur Assam 784028 India
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