1
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Hu J, Launay JP, Chaumont A, Heitz V, Jacquot de Rouville HP. Self-Assembled Bis-Acridinium Tweezer Equilibria Controlled by Multi-Responsive Properties. Chemistry 2024:e202401866. [PMID: 38780863 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Protonated and methylated bis-acridinium tweezers built around a 2,6-diphenylpyridyl and an electron enriched 2,6-di(p-anisyl)pyridyl spacer have been synthesized. These tweezers can self-assemble in their corresponding homodimers and the associated thermodynamic parameters have been probed in organic solvents. The switching properties of the tweezers have been exploited in biphasic transfer experiments showing the shift of the equilibria towards the homodimers. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters of the formation of the reduced methylated homodimers investigated by electrochemical experiments revealed the dissociation of the dimers. Thus, in addition to solvent and temperature, the pH and redox responsiveness of the acridinium units of the tweezers make it possible to modulate to a larger extent the monomer-dimer equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Hu
- LSAMM, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Launay
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe, CNRS UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- LSAMM, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri-Pierre Jacquot de Rouville
- LSAMM, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Benny R, De S. Interplay between anti- anti and syn- anti conformations of thiourea modulating ON-OFF catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16767-16772. [PMID: 37902552 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and operation of a readily accessible two-state switch are demonstrated. The switch initially exists in an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded self-locked state, as evidenced by the solution-state NMR and solid-state structure. The switch can be reversibly altered between anti-anti and syn-anti conformations by adding and removing Cu+ ions, as evidenced by the NMR and crystallographic study. The anti-anti form was found to be catalytically active in the Michael addition reaction, whereas the syn-anti form was catalytically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Soumen De
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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3
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Ahmadi M, Sprenger C, Pareras G, Poater A, Seiffert S. Self-organization of metallo-supramolecular polymer networks by free formation of pyridine-phenanthroline heteroleptic complexes. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8112-8123. [PMID: 37846598 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01136d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nature employs spontaneous self-organization of supramolecular bonds to create complex matter capable of adaptation and self-healing. Accordingly, the self-sorting of unlike ligands towards a cooperative heteroleptic complex or narcistic homoleptic association in a mixed ligand system is frequently employed to form interchangeable stimuli-responsive complex geometries with a wide range of applications. This notion is however just rarely employed in the organization of polymer networks. In this paper, we report the free-formation of heteroleptic complexes between tetra-am poly(ethylene glycol) (tetraPEG) precursors functionalized either with pyridine (tetraPy) or phenanthroline (tetraEPhen). Among a wide range of studied metal ions, tetraPy could form a network only in combination with Pd2+, presumably with a square-planar geometry, highlighting the importance of complex strength and stability in forming gels with monodentate ligands. Also, mixed networks with tetraEPhen form only in combination with Pd2+ and Fe2+, with strengths surpassing those of individual components and stabilities incomparable to those of parent networks, indicative of heteroleptic complexation. Extensive rheological, UV-vis, and DFT simulation studies revealed the coexistence of different coordination geometries, with an octahedral arrangement prevailing in the presence of Fe2+ and a square-planar geometry in the presence of Pd2+. Therefore, this study offers new opportunities for the development of stimuli-responsive topology-switching polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Cora Sprenger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gerard Pareras
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Edo-Osagie A, Serillon D, Ruani F, Barril X, Gourlaouen C, Armaroli N, Ventura B, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Heitz V. Multi-Responsive Eight-State Bis(acridinium-Zn(II) porphyrin) Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10691-10699. [PMID: 37154483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A multi-responsive receptor consisting of two (acridinium-Zn(II) porphyrin) conjugates has been designed. The binding constant between this receptor and a ditopic guest has been modulated (i) upon addition of nucleophiles converting acridinium moieties into the non-aromatic acridane derivatives and (ii) upon oxidation of the porphyrin units. A total of eight states has been probed for this receptor resulting from the cascade of the recognition and responsive events. Moreover, the acridinium/acridane conversion leads to a significant change of the photophysical properties, switching from electron to energy transfer processes. Interestingly, for the bis(acridinium-Zn(II) porphyrin) receptor, charge-transfer luminescence in the near-infrared has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Edo-Osagie
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dylan Serillon
- Departament de Farmacia i Tecnología Farmaceutica, i Fisicoquímica, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Ruani
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Xavier Barril
- Departament de Farmacia i Tecnología Farmaceutica, i Fisicoquímica, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Henri-Pierre Jacquot de Rouville
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Howlader P, Schmittel M. Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates /complexation for supramolecular catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:597-630. [PMID: 35673407 PMCID: PMC9152274 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular catalysis is reviewed with an eye on heteroleptic aggregates/complexation. Since most of the current metallosupramolecular catalytic systems are homoleptic in nature, the idea of breaking/reducing symmetry has ignited a vivid search for heteroleptic aggregates that are made up by different components. Their higher degree of functional diversity and structural heterogeneity allows, as demonstrated by Nature by the multicomponent ATP synthase motor, a more detailed and refined configuration of purposeful machinery. Furthermore, (metallo)supramolecular catalysis is shown to extend beyond the single "supramolecular unit" and to reach far into the field and concepts of systems chemistry and information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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6
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Dhamija A, Das CK, Ko YH, Kim Y, Mukhopadhyay RD, Gunnam A, Yu X, Hwang IC, Schäfer LV, Kim K. Remotely controllable supramolecular rotor mounted inside a porphyrinic cage. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Elramadi E, Ghosh A, Valiyev I, Biswas P, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Catalytic machinery in motion: Controlling catalysis via speed. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8073-8076. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three 3-component copper(I)-based slider-on-deck systems served as catalysts for a click reaction showing a higher catalytic activity with increasing sliding speed. Upon addition of brake stones, the motion of the...
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8
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Birenheide BS, Krämer F, Bayer L, Mehlmann P, Dielmann F, Breher F. Multistimuli-Responsive [3]Dioxaphosphaferrocenophanes with Orthogonal Switches. Chemistry 2021; 27:15066-15073. [PMID: 34459528 PMCID: PMC8596786 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel multistimuli‐responsive phosphine ligands comprising a redox‐active [3]dioxaphosphaferrocenophane backbone and a P‐bound imidazolin‐2‐ylidenamino entity that allows switching by protonation are reported. Investigation of the corresponding metal complexes and their redox behaviour are reported and show the sensitivity of the system towards protonation and metal coordination. The experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations. Protonation and oxidation events are applied in Rh‐catalysed hydrosilylations and demonstrate a remarkable influence on reactivity and/or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard S Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lea Bayer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Mehlmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Cooperative Effects in Switchable Catalysis: Enhancing Double-Click Reaction Yield of Symmetrical Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20558-20562. [PMID: 34289211 PMCID: PMC8457069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Reversible switching between the closed cyclic dimeric assembly [Cu2(1)2]2+ (OFF state) and the extended dimeric homoleptic complex [FeCu2(1)2]4+ (ON State) by addition/removal of Fe2+ triggered catalysis of a double‐click reaction and high yield preparation of [2]rotaxanes. Mechanistic and computational studies provide valuable general insight for double‐click strategies by revealing cooperative effects in the second cycloaddition step due to a distance‐tolerant preorganization of the first‐click product by the two copper(I)‐loaded phenanthroline subunits of [FeCu2(1)2]4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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10
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Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Kooperative Effekte in schaltbarer Katalyse: Verbesserung der Doppel‐Click‐Reaktionsausbeuten von symmetrischen Rotaxanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering Organische Chemie I University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering Organische Chemie I University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering Organische Chemie I University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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11
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Direct Evidence of Heteroleptic Complexation in the Macroscopic Dynamics of Metallo-supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Goswami A, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. A Switchable Catalyst Duo for Acyl Transfer Proximity Catalysis and Regulation of Substrate Selectivity. Chemistry 2021; 27:2997-3001. [PMID: 33022776 PMCID: PMC7898682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are encoded with a gamut of information to catalyze a highly selective transformation by selecting the proper reactants from an intricate mixture of constituents. Mimicking biological machinery, two switchable catalysts with differently sized cavities and allosteric control are conceived that allow complementary size-selective acyl transfer in an on/off manner by modulating the effective local concentration of the substrates. Selective activation of one of two catalysts in a mixture of reactants of similar reactivity enabled upregulation of the desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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13
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Schmittel M, Howlader P. Toward Molecular Cybernetics - the Art of Communicating Chemical Systems. CHEM REC 2020; 21:523-543. [PMID: 33350570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of molecular cybernetics has the potential to widely broaden our perception of chemistry. Chemistry will develop beyond its current focus that is mainly concerned with single transformations, pure compounds, and/or defined mixtures. On this way, chemistry will become autonomous, networked and smart through communicating molecules each of which serves a control engineering purpose, like the set of wheels in the machinery of life. The present personal account describes our latest developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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14
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Jeong M, Park J, Kwon S. Molecular Switches and Motors Powered by Orthogonal Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
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15
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Krause S, Feringa BL. Towards artificial molecular factories from framework-embedded molecular machines. Nat Rev Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Arita M, Yokoyama S, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. Three Step Synthesis of Fully and Differently Arylated Pyridines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Arita
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; Tosayamada 782-8502 Kami Kochi Japan
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17
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Saha S, Ghosh A, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Allosteric regulation of rotational, optical and catalytic properties within multicomponent machinery. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8693-8700. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation of various functions within multicomponent machinery was triggered by the reversible transformation of nanorotors (k298 = 44–61 kHz) to “dimeric” supramolecular structures (k298 = 0.60 kHz) upon adding a stoichiometric chemical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Department Chemie – Biologie
- Organische Chemie I
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Department Chemie – Biologie
- Organische Chemie I
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Department Chemie – Biologie
- Organische Chemie II
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Department Chemie – Biologie
- Organische Chemie I
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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18
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Doistau B, Benda L, Cantin JL, Cador O, Pointillart F, Wernsdorfer W, Chamoreau LM, Marvaud V, Hasenknopf B, Vives G. Dual switchable molecular tweezers incorporating anisotropic Mn III-salphen complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8872-8882. [PMID: 32530022 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An alternative strategy for the synthesis of terpyridine based switchable molecular tweezers has been developed to incorporate anisotropic Mn(iii)-salphen complexes. The free ligand was synthesized using a building block strategy based on Sonogashira coupling reactions and was then selectively metalated with manganese in a last step. The conformation of the tweezers was switched from an open 'W' shaped form to a closed 'U' form by Zn(ii) coordination to the terpyridine unit bringing the two Mn-salphen moieties in close spatial proximity as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. An alternate switching mechanism was observed by the intercalation of a bridging cyanide ligand between the two Mn-salphen moieties that resulted in the closing of the tweezers. These dual stimuli are attractive for achieving multiple controls of the mechanical motion of the tweezers. A crystallographic structure of unexpected partially oxidized closed tweezers was also obtained. One of the two Mn-salphen moieties underwent a ligand-centered oxidation of an imino to an amido group allowing an intramolecular Mn-Oamide-Mn linkage. The magnetic properties of the manganese(iii) dimers were investigated to evaluate the magnetic exchange interaction and analyze the single molecule magnet behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doistau
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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19
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Dolatkhah Z, Mohammadkhani A, Javanshir S, Bazgir A. Peanut shell as a green biomolecule support for anchoring Cu 2O: a biocatalyst for green synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles under ultrasonic irradiation. BMC Chem 2019; 13:97. [PMID: 31355370 PMCID: PMC6659571 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu2O supported on peanut shell (Cu2O@PS) was prepared by the reaction of copper acetate and peanut shell powder as a naturally available biopolymer support. The prepared catalyst was used as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst in the click reaction of benzyl halide or phenacyl bromides, acetylenes and sodium azide for the synthesis of potentially biologically active 1,2,3-triazoles under ultrasonic irradiation in EtOH-H2O as green solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dolatkhah
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran
| | | | - Shahrzad Javanshir
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Ayoob Bazgir
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, 1983963113 Iran
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20
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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21
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Goswami A, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Switching Dual Catalysis without Molecular Switch: Using A Multicomponent Information System for Reversible Reconfiguration of Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15656-15663. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Gaikwad S, Özer MS, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Three-state switching in a double-pole change-over nanoswitch controlled by redox-dependent self-sorting. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7956-7963. [PMID: 31408072 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The four-arm nanomechanical switch 1 with four different terminals exhibits two switching arms (contacts A and D) and two distinct stations for binding (contacts B and C). In switching State I, the azaterpyridine arm is intramolecularly coordinated to a zinc(ii) porphyrin station (connection A ↔ B) while contact D (a ferrocenylbipyridine unit) and contact C (phenanthroline) remain disconnected. After addition of copper(i) ions (State II) both connections A ↔ B and C ↔ D are established. Upon one-electron oxidation, double-pole change-over switching cleaves both connections A ↔ B & C ↔ D and establishes the new connection A ↔ C (State III). Fully reversible three-state switching (State I → State II → State III → State II → State I) was achieved by adding appropriate chemical and redox stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro-and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
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23
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Caprice K, Pupier M, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Synchronized On/Off Switching of Four Binding Sites for Water in a Molecular Solomon Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8053-8057. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
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24
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Caprice K, Pupier M, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Synchronized On/Off Switching of Four Binding Sites for Water in a Molecular Solomon Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
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25
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Heteroleptic copper phenanthroline complexes in motion: From stand-alone devices to multi-component machinery. Coord Chem Rev 2018; 376:478-505. [PMID: 32287354 PMCID: PMC7126816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two and a half decades of copper phenanthroline-based switches, devices and machines have illustrated the rich dynamic nature of these metal complexes. With an emphasis on the metal-ligand dissociation as the rate-determining step the present review summarizes not only spectacular examples of machinery, but also highlights rate data collected during a variety of investigations. Copper-ligand exchange reactions are mostly triggered by redox processes, addition of metal ions or addition of ligands. While the rate data spread over >8 orders of magnitude, individual effects of solvent, steric bulk, flexibility, σ-basicity and the trajectory (intra- vs. intermolecular dissociation) have large impact. Unfortunately, in many cases the exact mechanism in the rate-determining step (nucleophile-induced vs. monomolecular metal-ligand dissociation) has not been determined, suggesting to invest further efforts in the physical (in)organic chemistry of such coordination-driven systems.
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26
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Dynamic Functional Molecular Systems: From Supramolecular Structures to Multi‐Component Machinery and to Molecular Cybernetics. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Abstract
In this paper we elaborate on recently developed molecular switch architectures and how these new systems can help with the realization of new functions and advancement of artificial molecular machines. Progress in chemically and photoinduced switches and motors is summarized and contextualized such that the reader may gain an appreciation for the novel tools that have come about in the past decade. Many of these systems offer distinct advantages over commonly employed switches, including improved fidelity, addressability, and robustness. Thus, this paper serves as a jumping-off point for researchers seeking new switching motifs for specific applications, or ones that address the limitations of presently available systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Mark J Moran
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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28
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Rotating Catalysts Are Superior: Suppressing Product Inhibition by Anchimeric Assistance in Four-Component Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9038-9041. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie II, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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29
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Dolatkhah Z, Javanshir S, Bazgir A, Mohammadkhani A. Magnetic Isinglass a Nano‐Bio Support for Copper Immobilization: Cu–IG@Fe 3O 4a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Triazoles Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dolatkhah
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846–13114 Iran
| | - Shahrzad Javanshir
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846–13114 Iran
| | - Ayoob Bazgir
- Department of ChemistryShahid Beheshti UniversityGeneral Campus Tehran 1983963113 Iran
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30
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van Dijk L, Tilby MJ, Szpera R, Smith OA, Bunce HAP, Fletcher SP. Molecular machines for catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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More AA, Pathe GK, Parida KN, Maksymenko S, Lipisa YB, Szpilman AM. α-N-Heteroarylation and α-Azidation of Ketones via Enolonium Species. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2442-2447. [PMID: 29334466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enolonium species, resulting from the umpolung of ketone enolates by Koser's hypervalent iodine reagents activated by boron trifluoride, react with a variety of nitrogen heterocycles to form α-aminated ketones. The reactions are mild and complete in 4-5 h. Additionally, α-azidation of the enolonium species takes place using trimethylsilyl azide as a convenient source of azide nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A More
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Gulab K Pathe
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Keshaba N Parida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Shimon Maksymenko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Yuriy B Lipisa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , 4070000 Ariel, Israel
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32
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Schmittel M. Networking switches for smart functions using copper signaling and dynamic heteroleptic complexation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6654-6659. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This personal frontier account describes our recent progress in networking nanoswitches to generate emergent functions, such as catalytic machinery, and identifies the key impediments in mastering the paradigm shift from pure compounds to smart mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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33
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Gaikwad S, Pramanik S, De S, Schmittel M. A high-speed network of nanoswitches for on/off control of catalysis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1786-1790. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper(i) ion translocation is the key for fast and reliable communication between networked devices in the catalytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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34
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Arif T, Cazorla C, Bogliotti N, Saleh N, Blanchard F, Gandon V, Métivier R, Xie J, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. Bimetallic gold(i) complexes of photoswitchable phosphines: synthesis and uses in cooperative catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01614j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first photoswitchable bimetallic gold catalysts based on an azobenzene backbone have been synthesized and their catalytic properties have been investigated.
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35
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Mittal N, Özer MS, Schmittel M. Four-Component Catalytic Machinery: Reversible Three-State Control of Organocatalysis by Walking Back and Forth on a Track. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:3579-3586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Merve S. Özer
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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36
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Huang F, Wang G, Ma L, Wang Y, Chen X, Che Y, Jiang H. Molecular Spur Gears Based on a Switchable Quinquepyridine Foldamer Acting as a Stator. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12106-12111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Huang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, P.R.China
| | - Guangxia Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, P.R.China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Ying Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Yanke Che
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
| | - Hua Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
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37
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De Bo G, Leigh DA, McTernan CT, Wang S. A complementary pair of enantioselective switchable organocatalysts. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7077-7081. [PMID: 29147536 PMCID: PMC5637462 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of enantioselective switchable bifunctional catalysts are shown to promote a range of conjugate addition reactions in up to 95 : 5 e.r. and 95% conversion. Each catalyst can be switched OFF using conditions that switch the other catalyst ON. Catalyst ON : OFF ratios of up to 98 : 2 and 1 : 99 were achieved, with a ratio of reaction rates of up to 16 : 1 between the ON and OFF states, maintained over complete ON-OFF-ON and OFF-ON-OFF cycles. However, simultaneous operation of the catalyst pair in the same reaction vessel, which in principle could allow product handedness to be switched by simple E-Z isomerisation of the catalyst pair, was unsuccessful. In this first generation complementary pair of enantioselective switchable organocatalysts, the OFF state of one catalyst inhibits the ON state of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume De Bo
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Charlie T McTernan
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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38
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Mittal N, Pramanik S, Paul I, De S, Schmittel M. Networking Nanoswitches for ON/OFF Control of Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4270-4273. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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39
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Abstract
In our quest to develop artificial multistate devices, we synthesized the nanomechanical switch 1 that is characterized by a tetrahedral core equipped with four pending arms. The rotary arm with its azaterpyridine terminal is intramolecularly coordinated to a zinc(II) porphyrin station that is the terminus of another arm in 1. The two other arms carry identical sterically shielded phenanthroline stations. The 2-fold alternate addition of a copper(I) ion and [1,10]-phenanthroline (1 equiv each) results in the formation of five different switching states (State I→ State II→ State III→ State IV→ State V → State I), which force the toggling arm to move back and forth between the zinc(II) porphyrin and phenanthroline stations separated by a distance of 25 Å. All switching states constitute clean single species, except for State III, and thus are fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Finally, the initial state of nanoswitch was reset by addition of cyclam for complete removal of the copper(I) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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