1
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Berking T, Hartenfels J, Lenczyk C, Santiso-Quinones G, Frey W, Richert C. A Fluorinated Chaperone Gives X-ray Crystal Structures of Acyclic Natural Product Derivatives up to 338 Molecular Weight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402976. [PMID: 38709597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Crystallizing molecules with long flexible chains is a challenge, making it difficult to perform X-ray crystallography. Chaperones can assist in the crystallization of compounds that do not crystallize by themselves by producing solvate crystals that contain the analyte in their three-dimensional lattices. Among the most versatile chaperones for liquid analytes are tetraaryladamantanes (TAAs), but the size of the compounds that can be encapsulated is limited, and attempts to surpass this limit with known TAAs were unsuccessful. Here we report that 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)adamantane (TFM) is a crystallization chaperone for acyclic molecules up to the molecular weight of phytyl acetate (338 g/mol). Encapsulation of such a large acyclic compound was achieved when the analyte was esterified and when a two-step temperature protocol was used for crystallization. Exploratory work indicates that a drop to -20 °C allows for encapsulation of squalene (Mr 411 g/mol), albeit with positional disorder of the analyte. Our X-ray crystal structures of solvates with flexible analytes shed light on how crystalline order can be imposed on large acyclic analytes. The new, fluorinated TAA gives access to crystal structures that were inaccessible thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Berking
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Hartenfels
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Bruker AXS GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrueckenstr. 49, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Ou G, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Tan Y, Zhou Q, Zeng F. Host-Guest Cocrystallization of Phenanthrene[2]arene Macrocycles Facilitating Structure Determination of Liquid Organic Molecules. Molecules 2024; 29:2523. [PMID: 38893399 PMCID: PMC11173633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has emerged as the most reliable method for determining the structures of organic molecules. However, numerous analytes, such as liquid organic molecules, pose challenges in crystallization, making their structures directly elusive via X-ray crystallography methods. Herein, we introduced the rapid cocrystallization of a macrocycle named phenanthrene[2]arene (PTA, host) with 15 liquid organic molecules (guests). The guest liquid organic molecules were successively cocrystallized with the aid of the PTA host. Moreover, the chemical structures of the liquid organic molecules could be determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. PTA exhibited high adaptivity and was capable of encapsulating liquid organic molecules without forming covalent bonds or strong directional interactions. The results revealed that the adaptive crystals of PTA exhibited excellent cocrystallization capacity. Weak noncovalent interactions between the host and guest molecules were crucial for organizing the guests in an ordered pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchuan Ou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Q.W.); (Y.T.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Yongzhou 425000, China;
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Q.W.); (Y.T.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yingzhi Tan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Q.W.); (Y.T.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Q.W.); (Y.T.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Fei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Q.W.); (Y.T.); (Q.Z.)
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3
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Yusov A, Dillon AM, Chaudhry MT, Newman JA, Lee AY, Ward MD. Benchmarking Guanidinium Organosulfonate Hydrogen-Bonded Frameworks for Structure Determination of Encapsulated Guests. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2024; 6:1906-1912. [PMID: 38726044 PMCID: PMC11077584 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) is arguably the most definitive method for molecular structure determination, but it is often challenged by compounds that are liquids or oils at room temperature or do not form crystals adequate for analysis. Our laboratory previously reported a simple, cost-effective, single-step crystallization method based on guanidinium organosulfonate (GS) hydrogen bonded frameworks for structure determination of a wide range of encapsulated guest molecules, including assignment of the absolute configuration of chiral centers. Herein, we expand on those results and report a head-to-head comparison of the GS method with adamantoid "molecular chaperones", which have been reported to be useful hosts for structure determination. Inclusion compounds limited to only two GS hosts are characterized by low R1 values and Flack parameters, infrequent disorder of the host and guest, and manageable disorder when it does exist. The structures of some target molecules that were not included or resolved using the adamantoid chaperones were successfully included and resolved by the GS hosts, and vice versa. Of the 32 guests attempted by the GS method, 31 inclusion compounds afforded successful guest structure solutions, a 97% success rate. The GS hosts and adamantoid chaperones are complementary with respect to guest inclusion, arguing that both should be employed in the arsenal of methods for structure determination. Furthermore, the low cost of organosulfonate host components promises an accessible route to molecular structure determination for a wide range of users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yusov
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York
City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Dillon
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York
City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mohammad T. Chaudhry
- Analytical
Research and Development, Merck & Co.,
Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Justin A. Newman
- Analytical
Research and Development, Merck & Co.,
Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alfred Y. Lee
- Analytical
Research and Development, Merck & Co.,
Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York
City, New York 10003, United States
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4
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Li Z, Tan Y, Ding M, Tang L, Zeng F. Keto-Adamantane-Based Macrocycle Crystalline Supramolecular Assemblies Showing Selective Vapochromism to Tetrahydrofuran. Molecules 2024; 29:719. [PMID: 38338463 PMCID: PMC10856198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of adamantane-based macrocycle 2 by combining adamantane building blocks with π-donor 1,3-dimethoxy-benzene units. An unpredictable keto-adamantane-based macrocycle 3 was obtained by the oxidation of 2 using DDQ as an oxidant. Moreover, a new type of macrocyclic molecule-based CT cocrystal was prepared through exo-wall CT interactions between 3 and DDQ. The cocrystal material showed selective vapochromism behavior towards THF, specifically, among nine volatile organic solvents commonly used in the laboratory. Powder X-ray diffraction; UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; 1H NMR; and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that color changes are attributed to the vapor-triggered decomplexation of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manhua Ding
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 415199, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (L.T.)
| | | | - Fei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 415199, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (L.T.)
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5
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Jiao J, Li H, Xie W, Zhao Y, Lin C, Jiang J, Wang L. Host-guest system of a phosphorylated macrocycle assisting structure determination of oily molecules in single-crystal form. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11402-11409. [PMID: 37886082 PMCID: PMC10599484 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray crystallography is the most reliable method for structure elucidation and absolute configuration determination of organic molecules based on their single-crystal forms. However, many analytes are hard to crystallize because of their low melting points (an oily state at room temperature) or conformational flexibility. Here, we report the crystallization of a macrocycle, CTX[P(O)Ph] (host), which is a cyclotrixylohydroquinoylene (CTX) derivative, with 26 oily organic molecules (guests), which is applied for the structural determination of the guest with X-ray crystallography. With the aid of the host, CTX[P(O)Ph], the guest molecules were well-ordered with full occupancy in crystal structures. In most cases, at least one guest structure without any disorder could be observed; solvent masking was not necessary for the single crystal X-ray structural analysis, and thus the structures of the guests could be successfully determined, and the absolute configuration could be assigned reliably for chiral guests with this method. The crystallization mechanism was further discussed from theoretical and experimental perspectives, suggesting that the negative electrostatic potential surface of CTX[P(O)Ph] and noncovalent interactions between the host and guest were crucial for the ordered arrangements of the guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Juli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Leyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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6
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Metherall JP, Carroll RC, Coles SJ, Hall MJ, Probert MR. Advanced crystallisation methods for small organic molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1995-2010. [PMID: 36857636 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials based on small organic molecules often require advanced structural analysis, beyond the capability of spectroscopic techniques, to fully characterise them. In such cases, diffraction methods such as single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), are one of the most powerful tools available to researchers, providing molecular and structural elucidation at atomic level resolution, including absolute stereochemistry. However SCXRD, and related diffraction methods, are heavily dependent on the availability of suitable, high-quality crystals, thus crystallisation often becomes the major bottleneck in preparing samples. Following a summary of classical methods for the crystallisation of small organic molecules, this review will focus on a number of recently developed advanced methods for crystalline material sample preparation for SCXRD. This review will cover two main areas of modern small organic molecule crystallisation, namely the inclusion of molecules within host complexes (e.g., "crystalline sponge" and tetraaryladamantane based inclusion chaperones) and the use of high-throughput crystallisation, employing "under-oil" approaches (e.g., microbatch under-oil and ENaCt). Representative examples have been included for each technique, together with a discussion of their relative advantages and limitations to aid the reader in selecting the most appropriate technique to overcome a specific analytical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Metherall
- Newcastle University, Chemistry - School of Natural Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - R C Carroll
- University of Southampton, School of Chemistry, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S J Coles
- University of Southampton, School of Chemistry, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - M J Hall
- Newcastle University, Chemistry - School of Natural Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - M R Probert
- Newcastle University, Chemistry - School of Natural Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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7
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Slavík P, Trowse BR, O'Brien P, Smith DK. Organogel delivery vehicles for the stabilization of organolithium reagents. Nat Chem 2023; 15:319-325. [PMID: 36797326 PMCID: PMC9986108 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Organolithium reagents are a vital tool in modern organic chemistry, enabling the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds. However, due to their high reactivity, low temperatures, inert atmospheres and strictly dried solvents are usually necessary for their use. Here we report an encapsulating method for the stabilization of sensitive organolithium reagents-PhLi, n-BuLi and s-BuLi-in a low-cost hexatriacontane (C36H74) organogel. The use of this technology is showcased in nucleophilic addition reactions under ambient conditions, low-temperature bromine-lithium exchange, ortho-lithiation and C-H functionalization. The gel substantially enhances organolithium stability, allows simple storage, handling and delivery, and enables reproducible reagent portioning. The use of gels as easily divided delivery vehicles for hazardous organometallics has the potential to transform this area of synthetic chemistry, making these powerful reactions safer and more accessible to non-specialist researchers, and enabling the more widespread use of these common synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slavík
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
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8
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Ou GC, Chen HY, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Zeng F. Structure and absolute configuration of liquid molecules based on adamantane derivative cocrystallization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6459-6462. [PMID: 35424635 PMCID: PMC8981717 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09284g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid molecules are difficult to crystallize, and their structures and absolute configurations cannot be directly determined by X-ray crystallography. We herein report the rapid cocrystallization of tetraaryladamantanes with liquid molecules. The structure of the liquid small molecules can be obtained by determining the crystal structure of the cocrystallized compound. The absolute configuration of chiral molecules can also be assigned, which cannot be accomplished by other methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance. In this paper, liquid compounds such as phenylethanol and phenylpropanol derivatives were selected. 1,3,5,7-Tetrakis(2,4-diethoxyphenyl)adamantane (TEO) powder was heated and dissolved in liquid molecules and allowed to stand overnight to undergo cocrystallization. The results show that the single-crystal structures and the absolute configurations of 16 liquid molecules were determined by cocrystallization, and the homochiral natures of chiral compounds were confirmed by solid circular dichroism spectral measurements. Liquid molecules are difficult to crystallize, and their structures and absolute configurations cannot be directly determined by X-ray crystallography.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Chuan Ou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Chen
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, P.R. China
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9
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Taillemaud S, Rosset S, Mazet C. Teflon
Magnetic Stirring Capsules (TMSC) as a Practical and Reusable Delivery System for Sensitive Reagents and Catalysts. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Taillemaud
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Rosset
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
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10
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Weststrate N, Hassenrück C, Linseis M, Liles DC, Lotz S, Görls H, Winter RF. The Effect of Remote Donor Substituents on the Properties of Alkoxy and Amino Fischer Carbene Complexes of Tungsten. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie Universität Konstanz Konstanz 78457 Germany
| | - David C. Liles
- Department of Chemistry University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Simon Lotz
- Department of Chemistry University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena 07743 Germany
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11
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Richert C, Krupp F, Picher MI, Frey W, Plietker B. Determining the Relative Configuration of Propargyl Cyclopropanes by Co-Crystallization. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1293-9867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDetermining the diastereoselectivity of new synthetic molecules can be a challenge when NMR methods fail and the compounds are difficult to crystallize. Encapsulating organic crystals can be used to overcome this challenge. Here we show that the diastereomeric configuration of racemic mixtures of propargyl cyclopropanes can be determined by co-crystallization with 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)adamantane and X-ray crystallography. Three crystal structures are reported that unambiguously identify the products of Fe-catalyzed cyclopropanations as cis- or trans-isomers. These findings expand the scope of co-crystallization with tetraaryladamantanes as a method to determine the stereochemical configuration of organic molecules that are difficult to crystallize by themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Krupp
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | | | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Organische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden
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12
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Borlinghaus N, Kaschel J, Klee J, Haller V, Schetterl J, Heitz S, Lindner T, Dietrich JD, Braje WM, Jolit A. Reagent and Catalyst Capsules: A Chemical Delivery System for Reaction Screening and Parallel Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1357-1370. [PMID: 33295768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules are employed as a fast, safe, and user-friendly chemical delivery system containing all reagents (catalyst, ligand, and base) for three important transition-metal-catalyzed reactions: Buchwald-Hartwig, Suzuki-Miyaura, and metallophotoredox C-N cross-coupling reactions. This encapsulation methodology simplifies the screening of reaction conditions and the preparation of compound libraries using parallel synthesis in organic solvents or aqueous media. These reagents-containing HPMC capsules are easy to prepare, come in different sizes, and can be stored on the bench under noninert conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niginia Borlinghaus
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaschel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johanna Klee
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Haller
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schetterl
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heitz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lindner
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Justin D Dietrich
- Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wilfried M Braje
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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13
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Drapała J, Marek-Urban PH, Klimkowski P, Urbanowicz KA, Gontarczyk K, Woźniak K, Luliński S, Durka K. Design of solvatomorphic structures based on a polyboronated tetraphenyladamantane molecular tecton. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of solvatomorphic structures of tetrakis(4-dihydroxyborylphenyl)adamantane were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Drapała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina H. Marek-Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Klimkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina A. Urbanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gontarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Abstract
AbstractSome organic molecules encapsulate solvents upon crystallization. One class of compounds that shows a high propensity to form such crystalline solvates are tetraaryladamantanes (TAAs). Recently, tetrakis(dialkoxyphenyl)-adamantanes have been shown to encapsulate a wide range of guest molecules in their crystals, and to stabilize the guest molecules against undesired reactions. The term ‘encapsulating organic crystals’ (EnOCs) has been coined for these species. In this work, we studied the behavior of three TAAs upon exposition to different guest molecules by means of sorption technique. We firstly measured the vapor adsorption/desorption isotherms with water, tetrahydrofuran and toluene, and secondly, we studied the uptake of methane on dry and wet TAAs. Uptake of methane beyond one molar equivalent was detected for wet crystals, even though the materials showed a lack of porosity. Thus far, such behavior, which we ascribe to methane hydrate formation, had been described for porous non-crystalline materials or crystals with detectable porosity, not for non-porous organic crystals. Our results show that TAA crystals have interesting properties beyond the formation of conventional solvates. Gas-containing organic crystals may find application as reservoirs for gases that are difficult to encapsulate or are slow to form crystalline hydrates in the absence of a host compound.Wet tetraaryladamantane crystals take up methane in form of methane hydrate structure I, even though they appear non-porous to argon.
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15
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Krupp F, Frey W, Richert C. Absolute Configuration of Small Molecules by Co-Crystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15875-15879. [PMID: 32441841 PMCID: PMC7540501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The most reliable method to determine the absolute configuration of chiral molecules is X-ray crystallography, but small molecules can be difficult to crystallize. We report rapid co-crystallization of tetraaryladamantanes with small molecules as different as n-decane to nicotine to produce crystals for X-ray analysis and the assignment of absolute configuration when the molecules are chiral. A screen of 52 diverse compounds gave inclusion in co-crystals for 88 % of all cases and a high-resolution structure in 77 % of cases. Furthermore, starting from three milligrams of analyte, a combination of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography produced a full structure in less than three days using an adamantane crystallization chaperone that encapsulates the analyte at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krupp
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany
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16
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Wrona-Piotrowicz A, Makal A, Zakrzewski J. Triflic Acid-Promoted Adamantylation and tert-Butylation of Pyrene: Fluorescent Properties of Pyrene-Decorated Adamantanes and a Channeled Crystal Structure of 1,3,5-Tris(pyren-2-yl)adamantane. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11134-11139. [PMID: 32786624 PMCID: PMC7476028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Triflic
acid-promoted 1-adamantylation and tert-butylation
of pyrene at positions 2 and 2,7 along with the synthesis of compounds having one-,
two-, and three-pyrenyl groups attached to the adamantane scaffold
are disclosed. Fluorescent properties of these compounds and channeled
crystal structure of the 1,3,5-tris(pyren-2-yl)adamantane containing
chloroform as a guest are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wrona-Piotrowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łodź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Janusz Zakrzewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łodź, Poland
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17
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Krupp F, Frey W, Richert C. Absolute Configuration of Small Molecules by Co‐Crystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krupp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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18
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He Y, Xu L, Zhang J, Wei Y. Copper‐catalyzed synthesis of
N
‐aryl acridones from 2‐amino benzophenones and aryl boronic acids via sequential double oxidative C–N coupling. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang BingtuanShihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang BingtuanShihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang BingtuanShihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
- Key Laboratory for Systems Bioengineering MOETianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang BingtuanShihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
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19
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Luo YH, Chen C, Wang JW, He XT, Hong DL, An PJ, Wu HS, Sun BW. Confinement of Reagents in Crystalline Matrix with the Help of Magnetic Field. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Dan-Li Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Pei-Jing An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Hong-Shuai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Bai-Wang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
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20
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Alexandre PE, Schwenger A, Frey W, Richert C. High-Loading Crystals of Tetraaryladamantanes and the Uptake and Release of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2017; 23:9018-9021. [PMID: 28544371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Schwenger
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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21
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Shen C, Spannenberg A, Auer M, Wu XF. Utilizing an Encapsulated Solution of Reagents to Achieve the Four-Component Synthesis of (Benzo)Thiophene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Shen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Auer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
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