1
|
Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Li P, Anderson R, Wang X, Zhang X, Robison L, Redfern LR, Moribe S, Islamoglu T, Gómez-Gualdrón DA, Yildirim T, Stoddart JF, Farha OK. Balancing volumetric and gravimetric uptake in highly porous materials for clean energy. Science 2020; 368:297-303. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Penghao Li
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ryther Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lee Robison
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Louis R. Redfern
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shinya Moribe
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Diego A. Gómez-Gualdrón
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Taner Yildirim
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang B, Bauroth S, Saha A, Chen M, Clark T, Lu X, Guldi DM. Tuning electron transfer in supramolecular nano-architectures made of fullerenes and porphyrins. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10782-10790. [PMID: 31134246 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current work focuses on self-assembled nano-architectures in which metal-ligand coordination between a zinc tetraphenyl-porphyrin (ZnP) and a zinc tetrakis(4-((1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)methyl)phenyl)-porphyrin (ZnP-TDP), as electron donors, and functionalized fullerenes (C60) featuring different conjugated pyridine substituents as electron acceptors have been designed and investigated. Stoichiometric ratios and binding constants were derived from absorption and fluorescence measurements. Important insight into the free-energy change of charge separation and recombination was obtained from differential pulse voltammetry studies. Compelling evidence for energy transfer, charge separation and recombination was obtained from femtosecond and nanosecond transient-absorption measurements in a wide temperature range. Intramolecular energy transfer is found to take place from TDP to ZnP followed by intramolecular charge transfer from ZnP to C60. Semiempirical and density-functional theory calculations were used to help understand the excited-state deactivation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Avishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Muqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China.
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vidal S, Izquierdo M, Filippone S, Fernández I, Akin S, Seo JY, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Martín N. Site-selective Synthesis of β-[70]PCBM-like Fullerenes: Efficient Application in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemistry 2019; 25:3224-3228. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vidal
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University Complutense; Avenida Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Izquierdo
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University Complutense; Avenida Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Salvatore Filippone
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University Complutense; Avenida Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University Complutense; Avenida Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Seckin Akin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University; 70100 Karaman Turkey
| | - Ji-Youn Seo
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University Complutense; Avenida Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; C/Faraday, 9; Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neumann S, Wenger OS. Fundamentally Different Distance Dependences of Electron-Transfer Rates for Low and High Driving Forces. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:855-860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Y, Wang B, Kaur R, Minameyer MB, Bothe M, Drewello T, Guldi DM, von Delius M. A Supramolecular [10]CPP Junction Enables Efficient Electron Transfer in Modular Porphyrin–[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11549-11553. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Bothe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Y, Wang B, Kaur R, Minameyer MB, Bothe M, Drewello T, Guldi DM, von Delius M. A Supramolecular [10]CPP Junction Enables Efficient Electron Transfer in Modular Porphyrin-[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Bothe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nishinaga T, Kanzaki Y, Shiomi D, Matsuda K, Suzuki S, Okada K. Radical Cation π‐Dimers of Conjugated Oligomers as Molecular Wires: An Analysis Based on Nitronyl Nitroxide Spin Labels. Chemistry 2018; 24:11717-11728. [PMID: 29797611 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Present Address: Division of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scharl T, Cadranel A, Haines P, Strauss V, Bernhardt S, Vela S, Atienza C, Gröhn F, Martín N, Guldi DM. Fine-tuning the assemblies of carbon nanodots and porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11642-11644. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present charge-transfer assemblies of electron accepting, pressure-synthesized carbon nanodots (pCNDs) and an electron donating porphyrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Scharl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sarah Bernhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sonia Vela
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Carmen Atienza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia
- C/Faraday
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stangel C, Plass F, Charisiadis A, Giannoudis E, Chararalambidis G, Karikis K, Rotas G, Zervaki GE, Lathiotakis NN, Tagmatarchis N, Kahnt A, Coutsolelos AG. Interfacing tetrapyridyl-C60 with porphyrin dimers via π-conjugated bridges: artificial photosynthetic systems with ultrafast charge separation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21269-21279. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel D–π–A supramolecular hybrid system is reported, consisting of a fullerene derivative as electron acceptor and zinc porphyrin dimers as electron donors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodríguez-Pérez L, Vela S, Atienza C, Martín N. Supramolecular Electronic Interactions in Porphyrin–SWCNT Hybrids through Amidinium–Carboxylate Connectivity. Org Lett 2017; 19:4810-4813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento
Química Orgánica, Facultad C. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Vela
- Departamento
Química Orgánica, Facultad C. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Atienza
- Departamento
Química Orgánica, Facultad C. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento
Química Orgánica, Facultad C. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia,
C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang B, Zheng S, Saha A, Bao L, Lu X, Guldi DM. Understanding Charge-Transfer Characteristics in Crystalline Nanosheets of Fullerene/(Metallo)porphyrin Cocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10578-10584. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Shushu Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing, School of Material Science
and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Avishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing, School of Material Science
and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing, School of Material Science
and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| |
Collapse
|