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Gasse C, Srivastava P, Schepers G, Jose J, Hollenstein M, Marlière P, Herdewijn P. Controlled E. coli Aggregation Mediated by DNA and XNA Hybridization. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300191. [PMID: 37119472 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cell surface modification is a fast-growing field of research, due to its enormous potential in tissue engineering, cell-based immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. However, engineering of bacterial tissues by chemical cell surface modification has been vastly underexplored and the identification of suitable molecular handles is in dire need. We present here, an orthogonal nucleic acid-protein conjugation strategy to promote artificial bacterial aggregation. This system gathers the high selectivity and stability of linkage to a protein Tag expressed at the cell surface and the modularity and reversibility of aggregation due to oligonucleotide hybridization. For the first time, XNA (xeno nucleic acids in the form of 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleic acids) were immobilized via covalent, SNAP-tag-mediated interactions on cell surfaces to induce bacterial aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gasse
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Puneet Srivastava
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Biomedical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Schepers
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Biomedical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe Marlière
- The European Syndicate of Synthetic Scientists and Industrialists (TESSSI), 81 rue Réaumur, 75002, Paris, France
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Biomedical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Ji J, Zeng C, Wu P, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan X. Improved Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Vitamin E Precursor 2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1162-1169. [PMID: 36621524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone (2,3,5-TMHQ) is the key precursor in the synthesis of vitamin E. It is still a major challenge to produce 2,3,5-TMHQ under mild reaction conditions by chemical methods. The monooxygenase system MpdAB can specifically catalyze the conversion of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (2,3,6-TMP) to 2,3,5-TMHQ. However, the weak catalytic capacity of wild-type MpdA and the cytotoxicity of the substrate limited the production efficiency of 2,3,5-TMHQ. Here, homologous modeling and saturation mutation were performed to increase the catalytic activity of MpdA. Two variants, L128A and L128K, with higher activity toward 2,3,6-TMP (1.86-1.87-fold) were obtained. On the other hand, an evolved strain B5-4M-evolved with enhanced resistance to 2,3,6-TMP (8.15-fold higher for 1000 μM 2,3,6-TMP) was obtained through adaptive laboratory evolution. Subsequently, a 5.29-fold (or 4.87-fold) improvement in 2,3,5-TMHQ production was achieved by a strain B5-4M-evolved harboring L128K (or L128A) and MpdB, in comparison with that of the wild type (strain B5-4M expressing MpdAB). This study provides better genetic resources for producing 2,3,5-TMHQ and proves that the synthesis efficiency of 2,3,5-TMHQ can be improved through enzyme modification and adaptive laboratory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing 211171, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Surface display of (R)-carbonyl reductase on Escherichia coli as biocatalyst for recycling biotransformation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Mittmann E, Mickoleit F, Maier DS, Stäbler SY, Klein MA, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS, Schüler D. A Magnetosome-Based Platform for Flow Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22138-22150. [PMID: 35508355 PMCID: PMC9121345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis in flow reactor systems is of increasing importance for the transformation of the chemical industry. However, the necessary immobilization of biocatalysts remains a challenge. We here demonstrate that biogenic magnetic nanoparticles, so-called magnetosomes, represent an attractive alternative for the development of nanoscale particle formulations to enable high and stable conversion rates in biocatalytic flow processes. In addition to their intriguing material characteristics, such as high crystallinity, stable magnetic moments, and narrow particle size distribution, magnetosomes offer the unbeatable advantage over chemically synthesized nanoparticles that foreign protein "cargo" can be immobilized on the enveloping membrane via genetic engineering and thus, stably presented on the particle surface. To exploit these advantages, we develop a modular connector system in which abundant magnetosome membrane anchors are genetically fused with SpyCatcher coupling groups, allowing efficient covalent coupling with complementary SpyTag-functionalized proteins. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by immobilizing a dimeric phenolic acid decarboxylase to SpyCatcher magnetosomes. The functionalized magnetosomes outperform similarly functionalized commercial particles by exhibiting stable substrate conversion during a 60 h period, with an average space-time yield of 49.2 mmol L-1 h-1. Overall, our results demonstrate that SpyCatcher magnetosomes significantly expand the genetic toolbox for particle surface functionalization and increase their application potential as nano-biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Denis S. Maier
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabrina Y. Stäbler
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marius A. Klein
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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5
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Caparco AA, Dautel DR, Champion JA. Protein Mediated Enzyme Immobilization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106425. [PMID: 35182030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is an essential technology for commercializing biocatalysis. It imparts stability, recoverability, and other valuable features that improve the effectiveness of biocatalysts. While many avenues to join an enzyme to solid phases exist, protein-mediated immobilization is rapidly developing and has many advantages. Protein-mediated immobilization allows for the binding interaction to be genetically coded, can be used to create artificial multienzyme cascades, and enables modular designs that expand the variety of enzymes immobilized. By designing around binding interactions between protein domains, they can be integrated into functional materials for protein immobilization. These materials are framed within the context of biocatalytic performance, immobilization efficiency, and stability of the materials. In this review, supports composed entirely of protein are discussed first, with systems such as cellulosomes and protein cages being discussed alongside newer technologies like spore-based biocatalysts and forizymes. Protein-composite materials such as polymersomes and protein-inorganic supraparticles are then discussed to demonstrate how protein-mediated strategies are applied to many classes of solid materials. Critical analysis and future directions of protein-based immobilization are then discussed, with a particular focus on both computational and design strategies to advance this area of research and make it more broadly applicable to many classes of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Caparco
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, MC 0448, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dylan R Dautel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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6
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Kong Y, Du Q, Li J, Xing H. Engineering bacterial surface interactions using DNA as a programmable material. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3086-3100. [PMID: 35077527 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06138k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The diverse surface interactions and functions of a bacterium play an important role in cell signaling, host infection, and colony formation. To understand and synthetically control the biological functions of individual cells as well as the whole community, there is growing attention on the development of chemical and biological tools that can integrate artificial functional motifs onto the bacterial surface to replace the native interactions, enabling a variety of applications in biosynthesis, environmental protection, and human health. Among all these functional motifs, DNA emerges as a powerful tool that can precisely control bacterial interactions at the bio-interface due to its programmability and biorecognition properties. Compared with conventional chemical and genetic approaches, the sequence-specific Watson-Crick interaction enables almost unlimited programmability in DNA nanostructures, realizing one base-pair spatial control and bio-responsive properties. This highlight aims to provide an overview on this emerging research topic of DNA-engineered bacterial interactions from the aspect of synthetic chemists. We start with the introduction of native bacterial surface ligands and established synthetic approaches to install artificial ligands, including direct modification, metabolic engineering, and genetic engineering. A brief overview of DNA nanotechnology, reported DNA-bacteria conjugation chemistries, and several examples of DNA-engineered bacteria are included in this highlight. The future perspectives and challenges in this field are also discussed, including the development of dynamic bacterial surface chemistry, assembly of programmable multicellular community, and realization of bacteria-based theranostic agents and synthetic microbiota as long-term goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Kong
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Qi Du
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hang Xing
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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7
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Meyer J, Meyer L, Kara S. Enzyme immobilization in hydrogels: A perfect liaison for efficient and sustainable biocatalysis. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:165-177. [PMID: 35382546 PMCID: PMC8961036 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis is an established chemical synthesis technology that has by no means been restricted to research laboratories. The use of enzymes for organic synthesis has evolved greatly from early development to proof‐of‐concept – from small batch production to industrial scale. Different enzyme immobilization strategies contributed to this success story. Recently, the use of hydrogel materials for the immobilization of enzymes has been attracting great interest. Within this review, we pay special attention to recent developments in this key emerging field of research. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the concepts of both biocatalysis and hydrogel worlds. Then, we list recent interesting publications that link both concepts. Finally, we provide an outlook and comment on future perspectives of further exploration of enzyme immobilization strategies in hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Meyer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Lars‐Erik Meyer
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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8
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Gallus S, Mittmann E, Rabe KS. A Modular System for the Rapid Comparison of Different Membrane Anchors for Surface Display on Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100472. [PMID: 34767678 PMCID: PMC9298812 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of different membrane anchor motifs for the surface display of a protein of interest (passenger) is crucial for achieving the best possible performance. However, generating genetic fusions of the passenger to various membrane anchors is time-consuming. We herein employ a recently developed modular display system, in which the membrane anchor and the passenger are expressed separately and assembled in situ via SpyCatcher and SpyTag interaction, to readily combine a model passenger cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3) with four different membrane anchors (Lpp-OmpA, PgsA, INP and AIDA-I). This approach has the significant advantage that passengers and membrane anchors can be freely combined in a modular fashion without the need to generate direct genetic fusion constructs in each case. We demonstrate that the membrane anchors impact not only cell growth and membrane integrity, but also the BM3 surface display capacity and whole-cell biocatalytic activity. The previously used Lpp-OmpA as well as PgsA were found to be efficient for the display of BM3 via SpyCatcher/SpyTag interaction. Our strategy can be transferred to other user-defined anchor and passenger combinations and could thus be used for acceleration and improvement of various applications involving cell surface display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gallus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Esther Mittmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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9
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Peng M, Siebert DL, Engqvist MKM, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. Modeling-Assisted Design of Thermostable Benzaldehyde Lyases from Rhodococcus erythropolis for Continuous Production of α-Hydroxy Ketones. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100468. [PMID: 34558792 PMCID: PMC9293332 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure α-hydroxy ketones are important building blocks of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which can be produced by thiamine-diphosphate-dependent lyases, such as benzaldehyde lyase. Here we report the discovery of a novel thermostable benzaldehyde lyase from Rhodococcus erythropolis R138 (ReBAL). While the overall sequence identity to the only experimentally confirmed benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar I (PfBAL) was only 65 %, comparison of a structural model of ReBAL with the crystal structure of PfBAL revealed only four divergent amino acids in the substrate binding cavity. Based on rational design, we generated two ReBAL variants, which were characterized along with the wild-type enzyme in terms of their substrate spectrum, thermostability and biocatalytic performance in the presence of different co-solvents. We found that the new enzyme variants have a significantly higher thermostability (up to 22 °C increase in T50 ) and a different co-solvent-dependent activity. Using the most stable variant immobilized in packed-bed reactors via the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system, (R)-benzoin was synthesized from benzaldehyde over a period of seven days with a stable space-time-yield of 9.3 mmol ⋅ L-1 ⋅ d-1 . Our work expands the important class of benzaldehyde lyases and therefore contributes to the development of continuous biocatalytic processes for the production of α-hydroxy ketones and APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Peng
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dominik L Siebert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin K M Engqvist
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Baiyoumy A, Vallapurackal J, Schwizer F, Heinisch T, Kardashliev T, Held M, Panke S, Ward TR. Directed Evolution of a Surface-Displayed Artificial Allylic Deallylase Relying on a GFP Reporter Protein. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10705-10712. [PMID: 34504734 PMCID: PMC8419837 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) combine characteristics of both homogeneous catalysts and enzymes. Merging abiotic and biotic features allows for the implementation of new-to-nature reactions in living organisms. Here, we present the directed evolution of an artificial metalloenzyme based on Escherichia coli surface-displayed streptavidin (SavSD hereafter). Through the binding of a ruthenium-pianostool cofactor to SavSD, an artificial allylic deallylase (ADAse hereafter) is assembled, which displays catalytic activity toward the deprotection of alloc-protected 3-hydroxyaniline. The uncaged aminophenol acts as a gene switch and triggers the overexpression of a fluorescent green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter protein. This straightforward readout of ADAse activity allowed the simultaneous saturation mutagenesis of two amino acid residues in Sav near the ruthenium cofactor, expediting the screening of 2762 individual clones. A 1.7-fold increase of in vivo activity was observed for SavSD S112T-K121G compared to the wild-type SavSD (wt-SavSD). Finally, the best performing Sav isoforms were purified and tested in vitro (SavPP hereafter). For SavPP S112M-K121A, a total turnover number of 372 was achieved, corresponding to a 5.9-fold increase vs wt-SavPP. To analyze the marked difference in activity observed between the surface-displayed and purified ArMs, the oligomeric state of SavSD was determined. For this purpose, crosslinking experiments of E. coli cells overexpressing SavSD were carried out, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot. The data suggest that SavSD is most likely displayed as a monomer on the surface of E. coli. We hypothesize that the difference between the in vivo and in vitro screening results may reflect the difference in the oligomeric state of SavSD vs soluble SavPP (monomeric vs tetrameric). Accordingly, care should be applied when evolving oligomeric proteins using E. coli surface display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Baiyoumy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular
Systems Engineering, National Competence
Center in Research (NCCR), 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jaicy Vallapurackal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular
Systems Engineering, National Competence
Center in Research (NCCR), 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schwizer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tillmann Heinisch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Held
- ETH
Zürich, D-BSSE, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Panke
- ETH
Zürich, D-BSSE, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular
Systems Engineering, National Competence
Center in Research (NCCR), 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular
Systems Engineering, National Competence
Center in Research (NCCR), 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Lemke P, Zoheir AE, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Microfluidic cultivation and analysis of productive biofilms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3860-3870. [PMID: 34133021 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We here report the application of a machine-based microfluidic biofilm cultivation and analysis platform for studying the performance of biocatalytically active biofilms. By using robotic sampling, we succeeded in spatially resolving the productivity of three microfluidic reactors containing biocatalytically active biofilms that inducibly overexpress recombinant enzymes. Escherichia coli biofilms expressing two stereoselective oxidoreductases, the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase LbADH and the (S)-selective ketoreductase Gre2p, as well as the phenolic acid decarboxylase EsPAD were used. The excellent reproducibility of the cultivation and analysis methods observed for all three systems underlines the usefulness of the new technical platform for the investigation of biofilms. In addition, we demonstrated that the analytical platform also opens up new opportunities to perform in-depth spatially resolved studies on the biomass growth in a reactor channel and its biochemical productivity. Since the platform not only offers the detailed biochemical characterization but also broad capabilities for the morphological study of living biofilms, we believe that our approach can also be performed on many other natural and artificial biofilms to systematically investigate a wide range of process parameters in a highly parallel manner using miniaturized model systems, thus advancing the harnessing of microbial communities for technical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Lemke
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ahmed E Zoheir
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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12
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Cui X, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang X, Li Z. Programming Integrative Multienzyme Systems and Ionic Strength For Recyclable Synthesis of Glutathione. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3887-3894. [PMID: 33764060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the enzymatic cascade catalysis, it is a big challenge to construct a stable and reusable catalyst with targeted enzymes. The artificial multienzyme reactor has attracted great attention due to its potential for facilitating the performance of enzyme catalysis. In this study, we set up a reliable system that could assemble polyphosphate kinase (PPK) with bifunctional glutathione synthetase (GshF) via SpyCatcher/SpyTag to form multienzyme systems (MESs). Furthermore, MESs could assemble into nanoaggregates by altering the ionic strength, and the larger nanoaggregates could be applied in robust and reusable synthesis of glutathione (GSH). To enhance MES levels in vivo, gene duplication and different coexpression modes were performed. Finally, the optimized production of GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reached 102.6 and 6.7 mM within 2 h. Compared with the first round, the total yield only decreased by 9.4% after five continuous rounds of biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Dong H, Zhang W, Zhou S, Huang J, Wang P. Engineering bioscaffolds for enzyme assembly. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107721. [PMID: 33631185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the demand for green, safe, and continuous biocatalysis, bioscaffolds, compared with synthetic scaffolds, have become a desirable candidate for constructing enzyme assemblages because of their biocompatibility and regenerability. Biocompatibility makes bioscaffolds more suitable for safe and green production, especially in food processing, production of bioactive agents, and diagnosis. The regenerability can enable the engineered biocatalysts regenerate through simple self-proliferation without complex re-modification, which is attractive for continuous biocatalytic processes. In view of the unique biocompatibility and regenerability of bioscaffolds, they can be classified into non-living (polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and protein) and living (virus, bacteria, fungi, spore, and biofilm) bioscaffolds, which can fully satisfy these two unique properties, respectively. Enzymes assembled onto non-living bioscaffolds are based on single or complex components, while enzymes assembled onto living bioscaffolds are based on living bodies. In terms of their unique biocompatibility and regenerability, this review mainly covers the current advances in the research and application of non-living and living bioscaffolds with focus on engineering strategies for enzyme assembly. Finally, the future development of bioscaffolds for enzyme assembly is also discussed. Hopefully, this review will attract the interest of researchers in various fields and empower the development of biocatalysis, biomedicine, environmental remediation, therapy, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaofang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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14
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Plž M, Petrovičová T, Rebroš M. Semi-Continuous Flow Biocatalysis with Affinity Co-Immobilized Ketoreductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184278. [PMID: 32961948 PMCID: PMC7570937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-immobilization of ketoreductase (KRED) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) on highly cross-linked agarose (sepharose) was studied. Immobilization of these two enzymes was performed via affinity interaction between His-tagged enzymes (six histidine residues on the N-terminus of the protein) and agarose matrix charged with nickel (Ni2+ ions). Immobilized enzymes were applied in a semicontinuous flow reactor to convert the model substrate; α-hydroxy ketone. A series of biotransformation reactions with a substrate conversion of >95% were performed. Immobilization reduced the requirement for cofactor (NADP+) and allowed the use of higher substrate concentration in comparison with free enzymes. The immobilized system was also tested on bulky ketones and a significant enhancement in comparison with free enzymes was achieved.
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15
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Gallus S, Peschke T, Paulsen M, Burgahn T, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. Surface Display of Complex Enzymes by in Situ SpyCatcher-SpyTag Interaction. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2126-2131. [PMID: 32182402 PMCID: PMC7497234 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The display of complex proteins on the surface of cells is of great importance for protein engineering and other fields of biotechnology. Herein, we describe a modular approach, in which the membrane anchor protein Lpp-OmpA and a protein of interest (passenger) are expressed independently as genetically fused SpyCatcher and SpyTag units and assembled in situ by post-translational coupling. Using fluorescent proteins, we first demonstrate that this strategy allows the construct to be installed on the surface of E. coli cells. The scope of our approach was then demonstrated by using three different functional enzymes, the stereoselective ketoreductase Gre2p, the homotetrameric glucose 1-dehydrogenase GDH, and the bulky heme- and diflavin-containing cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3). In all cases, the SpyCatcher-SpyTag method enabled the generation of functional whole-cell biocatalysts, even for the bulky BM3, which could not be displayed by conventional fusion with Lpp-OmpA. Furthermore, by using a GDH variant carrying an internal SpyTag, the system could be used to display an enzyme with unmodified N- and C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gallus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Novartis Pharma AG Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD)4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Malte Paulsen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Flow Cytometry Core FacilityMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany).
| | - Teresa Burgahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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16
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Zhang F, Zhang W. Encrypting Chemical Reactivity in Protein Sequences toward
Information‐Coded
Reactions
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen‐Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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17
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Chen F, Wegner SV. Blue-Light-Switchable Bacterial Cell-Cell Adhesions Enable the Control of Multicellular Bacterial Communities. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1169-1180. [PMID: 32243746 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the fundamental importance and biotechnological potential of multibacterial communities, also called biofilms, are well-known, our ability to control them is limited. We present a new way of dynamically controlling bacteria-bacteria adhesions by using blue light and how these photoswitchable adhesions can be used to regulate multicellularity and associated bacterial behavior. To achieve this, the photoswitchable proteins nMagHigh and pMagHigh were expressed on bacterial surfaces as adhesins to allow multicellular clusters to assemble under blue light and reversibly disassemble in the dark. Regulation of the bacterial cell-cell adhesions with visible light provides unique advantages including high spatiotemporal control, tunability, and noninvasive remote regulation. Moreover, these photoswitchable adhesions make it possible to regulate collective bacterial functions including aggregation, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and metabolic cross-feeding between auxotrophic bacteria with light. Overall, the photoregulation of bacteria-bacteria adhesions provides a new way of studying bacterial cell biology and will enable the design of biofilms for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Mittmann E, Gallus S, Bitterwolf P, Oelschlaeger C, Willenbacher N, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. A Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase-Based All-Enzyme Hydrogel for Flow Reactor Technology. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E795. [PMID: 31757029 PMCID: PMC6953023 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-free enzyme immobilization techniques are an important development in the field of efficient and streamlined continuous synthetic processes using microreactors. Here, the use of monolithic, self-assembling all-enzyme hydrogels is expanded to phenolic acid decarboxylases. This provides access to the continuous flow production of p-hydroxystyrene from p-coumaric acid for more than 10 h with conversions ≥98% and space time yields of 57.7 g·(d·L)-1. Furthermore, modulation of the degree of crosslinking in the hydrogels resulted in a defined variation of the rheological behavior in terms of elasticity and mesh size of the corresponding materials. This work is addressing the demand of sustainable strategies for defunctionalization of renewable feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.O.); (N.W.)
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.O.); (N.W.)
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
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19
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Mittmann E, Hu Y, Peschke T, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM, Bräse S. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ofO‐Containing Heterocycles fromα‐Diazo Esters. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
| | - Yuling Hu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
- Novartis Pharma AGChemical and Analytical Development (CHAD) 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (IOC) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
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20
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Peschke T, Bitterwolf P, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Self‐Immobilizing Oxidoreductases for Flow Biocatalysis in Miniaturized Packed‐Bed Reactors. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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21
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Hansen SH, Kabbeck T, Radtke CP, Krause S, Krolitzki E, Peschke T, Gasmi J, Rabe KS, Wagner M, Horn H, Hubbuch J, Gescher J, Niemeyer CM. Machine-assisted cultivation and analysis of biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8933. [PMID: 31222095 PMCID: PMC6586868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the natural form of life of the majority of microorganisms. These multispecies consortia are intensively studied not only for their effects on health and environment but also because they have an enormous potential as tools for biotechnological processes. Further exploration and exploitation of these complex systems will benefit from technical solutions that enable integrated, machine-assisted cultivation and analysis. We here introduce a microfluidic platform, where readily available microfluidic chips are connected by automated liquid handling with analysis instrumentation, such as fluorescence detection, microscopy, chromatography and optical coherence tomography. The system is operable under oxic and anoxic conditions, allowing for different gases and nutrients as feeding sources and it offers high spatiotemporal resolution in the analysis of metabolites and biofilm composition. We demonstrate the platform's performance by monitoring the productivity of biofilms as well as the spatial organization of two bacterial species in a co-culture, which is driven by chemical gradients along the microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silla H Hansen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kabbeck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten P Radtke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Krause
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Krolitzki
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jannis Gasmi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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22
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Žnidaršič‐Plazl P. The Promises and the Challenges of Biotransformations in Microflow. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800580. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polona Žnidaršič‐Plazl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyUniversity of LjubljanaVečna pot 113, SI‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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23
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Wang D, Chai Y, Yuan Y, Yuan R. Precise Regulation of Enzyme Cascade Catalytic Efficiency with DNA Tetrahedron as Scaffold for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of DNA. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3561-3566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Maximizing space–time yields (STY) of biocatalytic flow processes is essential for the establishment of a circular biobased economy. We present a comparative study in which different biocatalytic flow reactor concepts were tested with the same enzyme, the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH), that was used for stereoselective reduction of 5-nitrononane-2,8-dione. The LbADH contained a genetically encoded streptavidin (STV)-binding peptide to enable self-immobilization on STV-coated surfaces. The purified enzyme was immobilized by physisorption or chemisorption as monolayers on the flow channel walls, on magnetic microbeads in a packed-bed format, or as self-assembled all-enzyme hydrogels. Moreover, a multilayer biofilm with cytosolic-expressed LbADH served as a whole-cell biocatalyst. To enable cross-platform comparison, STY values were determined for the various reactor modules. While mono- and multilayer coatings of the reactor surface led to STY < 10, higher productivity was achieved with packed-bed reactors (STY ≈ 100) and the densely packed hydrogels (STY > 450). The latter modules could be operated for prolonged times (>6 days). Given that our approach should be transferable to other enzymes, we anticipate that compartmentalized microfluidic reaction modules equipped with self-immobilizing biocatalysts would be of great utility for numerous biocatalytic and even chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions under continuous flow conditions.
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25
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Burgahn T, Garrecht R, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Solid-Phase Synthesis and Purification of Protein-DNA Origami Nanostructures. Chemistry 2019; 25:3483-3488. [PMID: 30609150 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a facile method for the combined synthesis and purification of protein-decorated DNA origami nanostructures (DONs). DONs bearing reductively cleavable biotin groups in addition to ligands for ligation of recombinant proteins are bound to magnetic beads. Protein immobilization is conducted with a large protein excess to achieve high ligation yields. Subsequent to cleavage from the solid support, pure sample solutions are obtained which are suitable for direct AFM analysis of occupation patterns. We demonstrate the method's utility using three different orthogonal ligation methods, the "halo-based oligonucleotide binder" (HOB), a variant of Halo-tag, the "SpyTag/SpyCatcher" (ST/SC) system, and the enzymatic "ybbR tag" coupling. We find surprisingly low efficiency for ST/SC ligation, presumably due to electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, whereas the ybbR method, despite its ternary nature, shows good ligation yields. Our method is particularly useful for the development of novel ligation methods and the synthesis of mechanically fragile DONs that present protein patterns for surface-based cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Burgahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ruben Garrecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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26
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Insider information on successful covalent protein coupling with help from SpyBank. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:443-461. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Chen F, Wegner SV. Implementation of Blue Light Switchable Bacterial Adhesion for Design of Biofilms. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2893. [PMID: 34286002 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of bacterial adhesions to a substrate with high precision in space and time is important to form a well-defined biofilm. Here, we present a method to engineer bacteria such that they adhere specifically to substrates under blue light through the photoswitchable proteins nMag and pMag. This provides exquisite spatiotemporal remote control over these interactions. The engineered bacteria express pMag protein on the surface so that they can adhere to substrates with nMag protein immobilization under blue light, and reversibly detach in the dark. This process can be repeatedly turned on and off. In addition, the bacterial adhesion property can be adjusted by expressing different pMag proteins on the bacterial surface and altering light intensity. This protocol provides light switchable, reversible and tunable control of bacteria adhesion with high spatial and temporal resolution, which enables us to pattern bacteria on substrates with great flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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28
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Banerjee A, Howarth M. Nanoteamwork: covalent protein assembly beyond duets towards protein ensembles and orchestras. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 51:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Heinisch T, Schwizer F, Garabedian B, Csibra E, Jeschek M, Vallapurackal J, Pinheiro VB, Marlière P, Panke S, Ward TR. E. coli surface display of streptavidin for directed evolution of an allylic deallylase. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5383-5388. [PMID: 30079176 PMCID: PMC6048633 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs hereafter) combine attractive features of both homogeneous catalysts and enzymes and offer the potential to implement new-to-nature reactions in living organisms. Herein we present an E. coli surface display platform for streptavidin (Sav hereafter) relying on an Lpp-OmpA anchor. The system was used for the high throughput screening of a bioorthogonal CpRu-based artificial deallylase (ADAse) that uncages an allylcarbamate-protected aminocoumarin 1. Two rounds of directed evolution afforded the double mutant S112M-K121A that displayed a 36-fold increase in surface activity vs. cellular background and a 5.7-fold increased in vitro activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The crystal structure of the best ADAse reveals the importance of mutation S112M to stabilize the cofactor conformation inside the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Heinisch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel CH-4002 , Switzerland .
| | - Fabian Schwizer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel CH-4002 , Switzerland .
| | - Brett Garabedian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel CH-4002 , Switzerland .
| | - Eszter Csibra
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , Gower Street , London , WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Markus Jeschek
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich , Mattenstrasse 26 , Basel CH-4058 , Switzerland
| | - Jaicy Vallapurackal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel CH-4002 , Switzerland .
| | - Vitor B Pinheiro
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , Gower Street , London , WC1E 6BT , UK
| | | | - Sven Panke
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich , Mattenstrasse 26 , Basel CH-4058 , Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel CH-4002 , Switzerland .
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30
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Zhang G, Quin MB, Schmidt-Dannert C. Self-Assembling Protein Scaffold System for Easy in Vitro Coimmobilization of Biocatalytic Cascade Enzymes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Maureen B. Quin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Claudia Schmidt-Dannert
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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31
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Chen F, Wegner SV. Blue Light Switchable Bacterial Adhesion as a Key Step toward the Design of Biofilms. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:2170-2174. [PMID: 28803472 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The control of where and when bacteria adhere to a substrate is a key step toward controlling the formation and organization in biofilms. This study shows how we engineer bacteria to adhere specifically to substrates with high spatial and temporal control under blue light, but not in the dark, by using photoswitchable interaction between nMag and pMag proteins. For this, we express pMag proteins on the surface of E. coli so that the bacteria can adhere to substrates with immobilized nMag protein under blue light. These adhesions are reversible in the dark and can be repeatedly turned on and off. Further, the number of bacteria that can adhere to the substrate as well as the attachment and detachment dynamics are adjustable by using different point mutants of pMag and altering light intensity. Overall, the blue light switchable bacteria adhesions offer reversible, tunable and bioorthogonal control with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. This enables us to pattern bacteria on substrates with great flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Ni J, Gao YY, Tao F, Liu HY, Xu P. Temperature-Directed Biocatalysis for the Sustainable Production of Aromatic Aldehydes or Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:1214-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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33
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Ni J, Gao YY, Tao F, Liu HY, Xu P. Temperature-Directed Biocatalysis for the Sustainable Production of Aromatic Aldehydes or Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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34
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Peschke T, Skoupi M, Burgahn T, Gallus S, Ahmed I, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Self-Immobilizing Fusion Enzymes for Compartmentalized Biocatalysis. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Skoupi
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Teresa Burgahn
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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35
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Rabe KS, Müller J, Skoupi M, Niemeyer CM. Cascades in Compartments: En Route to Machine-Assisted Biotechnology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13574-13589. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kersten S. Rabe
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Joachim Müller
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Marc Skoupi
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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36
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Rabe KS, Müller J, Skoupi M, Niemeyer CM. Kaskaden in Kompartimenten: auf dem Weg zu maschinengestützter Biotechnologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kersten S. Rabe
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
| | - Marc Skoupi
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
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37
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Gilbert C, Howarth M, Harwood CR, Ellis T. Extracellular Self-Assembly of Functional and Tunable Protein Conjugates from Bacillus subtilis. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:957-967. [PMID: 28230977 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to stably and specifically conjugate recombinant proteins to one another is a powerful approach for engineering multifunctional enzymes, protein therapeutics, and novel biological materials. While many of these applications have been illustrated through in vitro and in vivo intracellular protein conjugation methods, extracellular self-assembly of protein conjugates offers unique advantages: simplifying purification, reducing toxicity and burden, and enabling tunability. Exploiting the recently described SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, we describe here how enzymes and structural proteins can be genetically encoded to covalently conjugate in culture media following programmable secretion from Bacillus subtilis. Using this approach, we demonstrate how self-conjugation of a secreted industrial enzyme, XynA, dramatically increases its resilience to boiling, and we show that cellular consortia can be engineered to self-assemble functional protein-protein conjugates with tunable composition. This novel genetically encoded modular system provides a flexible strategy for protein conjugation harnessing the substantial advantages of extracellular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Gilbert
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Colin R. Harwood
- Centre
for Bacterial Cell Biology, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, U.K
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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38
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Quin MB, Wallin KK, Zhang G, Schmidt-Dannert C. Spatial organization of multi-enzyme biocatalytic cascades. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4260-4271. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme cascades provide a wealth of valuable chemicals. Efficiency of reaction schemes can be improved by spatial organization of biocatalysts. This review will highlight various methods of spatial organization of biocatalysts: fusion, immobilization, scaffolding and encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Quin
- University of Minnesota
- Dept. of Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology and Biophysics
- St Paul
- USA
| | - K. K. Wallin
- University of Minnesota
- Dept. of Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology and Biophysics
- St Paul
- USA
| | - G. Zhang
- University of Minnesota
- Dept. of Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology and Biophysics
- St Paul
- USA
| | - C. Schmidt-Dannert
- University of Minnesota
- Dept. of Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology and Biophysics
- St Paul
- USA
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