1
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Wang B, Xu H, Li FY, Wang JY. Copper(I)-Mediated Divergent Synthesis of Pyrroquinone Derivatives and 2-Halo-3-amino-1,4-quinones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37308444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A divergent transformation of 2-amino-1,4-quinones for the synthesis of pyrroquinone derivatives and 2-halo-3-amino-1,4-quinones was disclosed. The mechanistic study showed that both the tandem cyclization and halogenation involved a Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative radical process. This protocol not only constructed a series of novel pyrroquinone derivatives with high atom economy but also provided a new method of halogenation via directed C(sp2)-H functionalization with CuX (X = I, Br, Cl) serving as the X (X = I, Br, Cl) source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Ferrer M, Gallen A, Martínez M, Rocamora M, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K. Homo- and heterometallic chiral dynamic architectures from allyl-palladium(II) building blocks. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5913-5928. [PMID: 35348142 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New chiral tetranuclear square-like homo- and heterometallamacrocycles containing allyl-palladium and either {Pd(P-P)*} or {Pt(P-P)*} optically pure moieties (P-P* = (2S,3S)-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane ((S,S)-DIOP) and (2S,4S)-2,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)pentane ((S,S)-BDPP)) have been obtained by the self-assembly of [Pd(η3-2-Me-C3H4)(4-PPh2py)2]+ and [M(P-P)*(H2O)2]2+ building blocks in a 1 : 1 molar ratio. The supramolecular assemblies thus prepared [{Pd(η3-2-Me-C3H4)}2(4-PPh2py)4{M(P-P)*}2](CF3SO3)6 (M = Pd, Pt) have been fully characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. The structures display remarkable differences on their dynamic behaviour in solution that depend on the lability and thermodynamic strength of M-py bonds. The structural characteristics of the new metallamacrocyles obtained have also been unambiguously established by XRD analysis. The architectures have been assayed as catalytic precursors in the asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gallen
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Rocamora
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, POB 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, POB 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Pawlowski R, Stodulski M, Mlynarski J. Propargylation of CoQ0 through the Redox Chain Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 87:683-692. [PMID: 34933550 PMCID: PMC8749960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An efficient catalytic
propargylation of CoQ0 is described by employing
the cooperative effect of Sc(OTf)3 and Hantzsch ester.
It is suggested to work through the redox chain reaction, which involves
hydroquinone and dimeric propargylic moiety intermediates. A broad
range of propargylic alcohols can be converted into the appropriate
derivatives of CoQ0 containing triple bonds in good to excellent yields.
The mechanism of the given transformation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pawlowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stodulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Yang F, Zhou Q, Wang H, Tang L. Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Phosphorylation of 2‐Amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones with
H
‐Phosphonates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Heyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
- Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
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5
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Liu X, Liu B, Shi Z, Tan C, Fan R, Li Z, Tan J. Hf(OTf) 4-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition of 2-Alkyl-azaarenes to para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3615-3624. [PMID: 33523665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we reported a Hf(OTf)4-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation reaction between 2-alkyl-azaarenes and para-quinone methides (p-QMs). This 1,6-conjugate addition protocol offered rapid access to a large array of triarylethane products in good yields. The catalyst loading could be reduced to 1 mol %. Studies pertinent to scale-up reaction and product derivatization were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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6
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Chen H, Guo LN, Sun QX, Chen L, Tao JQ, Gao P. Copper-catalyzed redox neutral ketoalkylation of Csp 2–H bonds via C–C bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed ketoalkylation of Csp2–H bonds with cycloalkyl silyl peroxides under mild conditions is presented. A series of Csp2–H bonds in quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, heteroaromatic N-oxides and quinones were amenable to this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qing-Xin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing-Qi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Wang B, Xu H, Zhang H, Zhang GM, Li FY, He S, Shi ZC, Wang JY. B(C6F5)3-catalyzed three-component tandem reaction to construct novel polycyclic quinone derivatives: synthesis of a carbonate salt chromogenic chemosensor. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series novel polycyclic quinone derivatives were constructed providing a carbonate salt chromogenic chemosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ming Zhang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Shi
- Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
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8
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Wang S, Force G, Guillot R, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y, Bour C, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Lewis Acid/Hexafluoroisopropanol: A Promoter System for Selective ortho-C-Alkylation of Anilines with Deactivated Styrene Derivatives and Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS UMR 9168, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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9
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Ding N, Li Z. When Anthracene and Quinone Avoid Cycloaddition: Acid-Catalyzed Redox Neutral Functionalization of Anthracene to Aryl Ethers. Org Lett 2020; 22:4276-4282. [PMID: 32396008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzoquinone and 9-phenylanthracene barely undergo anticipated cycloaddition under acid catalysis. Instead, 9-anthracenyl aryl ethers are obtained as unexpected products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction likely undergoes an ionic mechanism between protonated anthracene species and nucleophilic oxygen of 1,4-benzoquinone or 1,4-hydroquinone. A variety of 9-anthracenyl aryl ethers are constructed with this method. Produced anthracenyl aryl ethers are potential scaffolds for new fluorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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10
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Li D, Shen X. Iron-catalyzed regioselective alkylation of 1,4-quinones and coumarins with functionalized alkyl bromides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:750-754. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient Fe-catalyzed regioselective alkylation of 1,4-quinones and coumarins, using functionalized alkyl bromides as alkylating reagents, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Qujing Normal University
- Qujing 655011
- China
| | - Xianfu Shen
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Qujing Normal University
- Qujing 655011
- China
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11
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Zemtsov AA, Ashirbaev SS, Levin VV, Kokorekin VA, Korlyukov AA, Dilman AD. Photoredox Reaction of 2-Mercaptothiazolinium Salts with Silyl Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15745-15753. [PMID: 31693367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for the generation of free radicals from thiazolinium salts upon photocatalytic reduction is described. The thiazolinium salts are generated by treatment with methyl triflate of 2-mercaptothiazolines, which can be readily obtained from alkyl bromides and tosylates via a nucleophilic substitution reaction or by hydrothiolation of alkenes. Silyl enol ethers were used to trap the radicals, furnishing ketones after successive single-electron oxidation and elimination of the silyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A Zemtsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leninsky prosp. 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Salavat S Ashirbaev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leninsky prosp. 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leninsky prosp. 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leninsky prosp. 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Trubetskaya st. 8-2 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilov str. 28 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , Ostrovitianov str. 1 , 117997 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leninsky prosp. 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
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12
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Lu B, Qiu YF, Qi S, Wang J. A convenient two-step synthesis of Coenzyme Q1. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819876524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method for the preparation of Coenzyme Q1 from cheap and readily available 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene is developed. Coenzyme Q1 is synthesized in a moderate yield by a two-step procedure involving the key reaction of an allyl bromide with Coenzyme Q0 through a redox chain reaction. The reaction is efficient and can be used for the synthesis of other Coenzyme Q compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Fu Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Shi Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Walker E, Kammeraad J, Goetz J, Robo MT, Tewari A, Zimmerman PM. Learning To Predict Reaction Conditions: Relationships between Solvent, Molecular Structure, and Catalyst. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3645-3654. [PMID: 31381340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction databases provide a great deal of useful information to assist planning of experiments but do not provide any interpretation or chemical concepts to accompany this information. In this work, reactions are labeled with experimental conditions, and network analysis shows that consistencies within clusters of data points can be leveraged to organize this information. In particular, this analysis shows how particular experimental conditions (specifically solvent) are effective in enabling specific organic reactions (Friedel-Crafts, Aldol addition, Claisen condensation, Diels-Alder, and Wittig), including variations within each reaction class. Network analysis shows data points for reactions tend to break into clusters that depend on the catalyst and chemical structure. This type of clustering, which mimics how a chemist reasons, is derived directly from the network. Therefore, the findings of this work could augment synthesis planning by providing predictions in a fashion that mimics human chemists. To numerically evaluate solvent prediction ability, three methods are compared: network analysis (through the k-nearest neighbor algorithm), a support vector machine, and a deep neural network. The most accurate method in 4 of the 5 test cases is the network analysis, with deep neural networks also showing good prediction scores. The network analysis tool was evaluated by an expert panel of chemists, who generally agreed that the algorithm produced accurate solvent choices while simultaneously being transparent in the underlying reasons for its predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Walker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Joshua Kammeraad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jonathan Goetz
- Department of Statistics , University of Michigan , 1085 South University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Michael T Robo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Ambuj Tewari
- Department of Statistics , University of Michigan , 1085 South University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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14
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Liu RH, He YH, Yu W, Zhou B, Han B. Silver-Catalyzed Site-Selective Ring-Opening and C-C Bond Functionalization of Cyclic Amines: Access to Distal Aminoalkyl-Substituted Quinones. Org Lett 2019; 21:4590-4594. [PMID: 31184916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Distal aminoalkyl-substituted quinones have been efficiently prepared through silver-catalyzed site-selective deconstruction and C-C bond transformation of unstrained N-acylated cyclic amines. This method enjoys mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, a broad scope of substrates, and a low catalytic loading of silver. This strategy can also be applied to the modification of peptides bearing cyclic amine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Heng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Xu XL, Li Z. Catalytic Redox Chain Ring Opening of Lactones with Quinones To Synthesize Quinone-Containing Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2019; 21:5078-5081. [PMID: 31199158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic ring opening of five- to eight-membered lactones with quinones is achieved through a redox chain mechanism. With low loading of a simple metal triflate Lewis acid catalyst and a chain initiator, C-H bonds of many quinones were efficiently functionalized with carboxylic acid-containing side chains. This method also features 100% atom economy and wide substrate scope. A novel route to the anti-asthma drug Seratrodast was developed. Mechanism study suggests that the redox chain reaction likely undergoes a carbocation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai , China 201210.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai , China 201210
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Science Avenue 100 Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Liang-Hua Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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17
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Lloret V, Rivero-Crespo MÁ, Vidal-Moya JA, Wild S, Doménech-Carbó A, Heller BSJ, Shin S, Steinrück HP, Maier F, Hauke F, Varela M, Hirsch A, Leyva-Pérez A, Abellán G. Few layer 2D pnictogens catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters. Nat Commun 2019; 10:509. [PMID: 30705264 PMCID: PMC6355817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state (P, As, Sb and Bi), also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties associated in preparing well–structured and stable materials. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, suspended in an ionic liquid, with the native atoms ready to interact with external reagents while avoiding aerobic or aqueous decomposition pathways, and on their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters. The few layer pnictogen material circumvents the extremely harsh reaction conditions associated to previous superacid–catalyzed alkylations, by enabling an alternative mechanism on surface, protected from the water and air by the ionic liquid. These 2D catalysts allow the alkylation of a variety of acid–sensitive organic molecules and giving synthetic relevancy to the use of simple esters as alkylating agents. Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state, also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties in preparation. Here, the authors report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, and their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Lloret
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Rivero-Crespo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Alejandro Vidal-Moya
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefan Wild
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bettina S J Heller
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Maria Varela
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany. .,Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Wang Q, Wang B, Deng H, Shangguan Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Guo H, Zhang C. Silver-Catalyzed Three-Component Difunctionalization of Alkenes via Radical Pathways: Access to CF3-Functionalized Alkyl-Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1006-1014. [PMID: 30592606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Shangguan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheming Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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19
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Ni J, Liu H, Tao F, Wu Y, Xu P. Remodeling of the Photosynthetic Chain Promotes Direct CO
2
Conversion into Valuable Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15990-15994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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20
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Ni J, Liu H, Tao F, Wu Y, Xu P. Remodeling of the Photosynthetic Chain Promotes Direct CO2Conversion into Valuable Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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21
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Sengupta R, Thorat KG, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of Nonaromatic and Aromatic Dithia Benzisapphyrins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11794-11803. [PMID: 30192144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of [24π] dithia meta-benzisapphyrins and [22π] dithia para-benzisapphyrins were synthesized by 3 + 2 condensation of appropriate benzitripyrrane with bithiophene diol under mild acid catalyzed conditions. The dithia m-benzisapphyrins and dithia p-benzisapphyrins were thoroughly characterized by HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, absorption, and electrochemical techniques. Our studies showed that dithia m-benzisapphyrins are nonaromatic, whereas the dithia p-benzisapphyrins are aromatic in nature. Thus, we demonstrated here that the dithiabenzisapphyrins can be made aromatic by replacing the m-phenylene moiety of the benzisapphyrin macrocycle with a p-phenylene unit. Furthermore, the studies also indicated that the aromaticity of the dithia p-benzisapphyrins was relatively more compared to the reported heterosapphyrins. The structural and spectral characteristics including aromaticity of the m-benzisapphyrins and p-benzisapphyrins were also discussed with the help of DFT, NICS, and TD-DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Kishor G Thorat
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
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22
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Liu S, Huang Y, Qing FL, Xu XH. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylation of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic Acid for the Preparation of C(CF3)Me2-Containing Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5497-5501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Yu W, Hjerrild P, Jacobsen KM, Tobiesen HN, Clemmensen L, Poulsen TB. A Catalytic Oxidative Quinone Heterofunctionalization Method: Synthesis of Strongylophorine-26. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9805-9809. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Per Hjerrild
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kristian M. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henriette N. Tobiesen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Line Clemmensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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24
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Yu W, Hjerrild P, Jacobsen KM, Tobiesen HN, Clemmensen L, Poulsen TB. A Catalytic Oxidative Quinone Heterofunctionalization Method: Synthesis of Strongylophorine-26. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Per Hjerrild
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kristian M. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henriette N. Tobiesen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Line Clemmensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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25
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Han Q, Jiang K, Wei Y, Su W. Transition-Metal-Free, TsOH-Mediated Direct C−H Allylation of 1,4-Benzoquinone with Allylic Alcohols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Han
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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26
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Gu YR, Duan XH, Yang L, Guo LN. Direct C–H Cyanoalkylation of Heteroaromatic N-Oxides and Quinones via C–C Bond Cleavage of Cyclobutanone Oximes. Org Lett 2017; 19:5908-5911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Gu
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation
of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation
of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation
of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation
of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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27
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Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Remeur C, Matsui JK, Molander GA. Late-Stage C-H Alkylation of Heterocycles and 1,4-Quinones via Oxidative Homolysis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12251-12258. [PMID: 28832137 PMCID: PMC5599171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under oxidative conditions, 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) undergo a homolytic cleavage, forming exclusively a Csp3-centered radical that can engage in the C-H alkylation of heterocyclic bases and 1,4-quinones. DHPs are readily prepared from aldehydes, and considering that aldehydes normally require harsh reaction conditions to take part in such transformations, with mixtures of alkylated and acylated products often being obtained, this net decarbonylative alkylation approach becomes particularly useful. The present method takes place under mild reaction conditions and requires only persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant, making the procedure suitable for the late-stage C-H alkylation of complex molecules. Notably, structurally complex pharmaceutical agents could be functionalized or prepared with this protocol, such as the antimalarial Atovaquone and antitheilerial Parvaquone, thus evidencing its applicability. Mechanistic studies revealed a likely radical chain process via the formation of a dearomatized intermediate, providing a deeper understanding of the factors governing the reactivity of these radical forebears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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