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Li Z, Ehtesabi S, Gojare S, Richter M, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Kurouski D. Plasmon-Determined Selectivity in Photocatalytic Transformations on Gold and Gold-Palladium Nanostructures. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3390-3400. [PMID: 38356782 PMCID: PMC10863388 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal nanostructures absorb light producing coherent oscillations of the metal's electrons, so-called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). LSPRs can decay generating hot carriers, highly energetic species that trigger chemical transformations in the molecules located on the metal surfaces. The number of chemical reactions can be expanded by coupling noble and catalytically active metals. However, it remains unclear whether such mono- and bimetallic nanostructures possess any sensitivity toward one or another chemical reaction if both of them can take place in one molecular analyte. In this study, we utilize tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), an emerging analytical technique that has single-molecule sensitivity and sub-nanometer spatial resolution, to investigate plasmon-driven reactivity of 2-nitro-5-thiolobenzoic acid (2-N-5TBA) on gold and gold@palladium nanoplates (AuNPs and Au@PdNPs). This molecular analyte possesses both nitro and carboxyl groups, which can be reduced or removed by hot carriers. We found that on AuNPs, 2-N-5TBA dimerized forming 4,4'-dimethylazobenzene (DMAB), the bicarbonyl derivative of DMAB, as well as 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT). Our accompanying theoretical investigation based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) confirmed these findings. The theoretical analysis shows that 2-N-5TBA first dimerized forming the bicarbonyl derivative of DMAB, which then decarboxylated forming DMAB. Finally, DMAB can be further reduced leading to 4-NBT. This reaction mechanism is supported by TERS-determined yields on these three molecules on AuNPs. We also found that on Au@PdNPs, 2-N-5TBA first formed the bicarbonyl derivative of DMAB, which is then reduced to both bihydroxyl-DMAB and 4-amino-3-mercaptobenzoic acid. The yield of these reaction products on Au@PdNPs strictly follows the free-energy potential of these molecules on the metallic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sadaf Ehtesabi
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Siddhi Gojare
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Richter
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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2
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Mrđenović D, Cai ZF, Pandey Y, Bartolomeo GL, Zenobi R, Kumar N. Nanoscale chemical analysis of 2D molecular materials using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:963-974. [PMID: 36541047 PMCID: PMC9851175 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molecular materials have attracted immense attention due to their unique properties, promising a wide range of exciting applications. To understand the structure-property relationship of these low-dimensional materials, sensitive analytical tools capable of providing structural and chemical characterisation at the nanoscale are required. However, most conventional analytical techniques fail to meet this challenge, especially in a label-free and non-destructive manner under ambient conditions. In the last two decades, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for nanoscale chemical characterisation by combining the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy and the chemical sensitivity and specificity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In this review article, we provide an overview of the application of TERS for nanoscale chemical analysis of 2D molecular materials, including 2D polymers, biomimetic lipid membranes, biological cell membranes, and 2D reactive systems. The progress in the structural and chemical characterisation of these 2D materials is demonstrated with key examples from our as well as other laboratories. We highlight the unique information that TERS can provide as well as point out the common pitfalls in experimental work and data interpretation and the possible ways of averting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mrđenović
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhen-Feng Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yashashwa Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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3
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Pienpinijtham P, Kitahama Y, Ozaki Y. Progress of tip-enhanced Raman scattering for the last two decades and its challenges in very recent years. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5265-5288. [PMID: 35332899 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has recently attracted remarkable attention as a novel nano-spectroscopy technique. TERS, which provides site-specific information, can be performed on any material surface regardless of morphology. Moreover, it can be applied in various environments, such as ambient air, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), solutions, and electrochemical environments. This review reports on one hand progress of TERS for the last two decades, and on the other hand, its challenges in very recent years. Part of the progress of TERS starts with the prehistory and history of TERS, and then, the characteristics and advantages of TERS are described. Significant emphasis is put on the development of TERS instrumentation and equipment such as ultrahigh vacuum TERS, liquid TERS, electrochemical-TERS, and tip-preparations. Applications of TERS, particularly those with nanocarbons, biological materials, and surface and interface analysis, are mentioned in some detail. In the part on challenges, we focus on the very recent advances in TERS; progress in spatial resolution to the angstrom scale is the hottest topic. Recent TERS studies performed under UHV, for example chemical imaging at the angstrom scale and Raman detection of bond breaking and making of a chemisorbed up-standing single molecules at single-bond level, are reviewed. Of course, there is no clear border between the two parts. In the last part the perspective of TERS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor Research Unit (SRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- National Nanotechnology Center of Advanced Structural and Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yasutaka Kitahama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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4
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Liu Z, Hu T, Adam Balila MO, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hu W. Investigation of SERS and Electron Transport Properties of Oligomer Phenylacetyne-3 Trapped in Gold Junctions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030571. [PMID: 35159916 PMCID: PMC8839768 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Molecular junctions hold great potential for future microelectronics and attract people’s attention. Here, we used density functional theory calculations (DFT) to investigate the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and electron transport properties of fully π-conjugated oligomers (phenylacetylene)-3 (OPE-3) trapped in gold junctions. The effects of charge injection, an applied electric field, and molecular deformation are considered. We found that a new Raman peak located at around 1400 cm−1 appears after the injection of a charge, which agrees well with the experiment. The external electric field and configurational deformation hardly affect the Raman spectra, indicating that the electronic rather than the geometrical structure determines the Raman response. Nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) calculations show that both the rotation of the benzene groups and an increased electrode distance largely reduced the conductivity of the studied molecular junctions. The present investigations provide valuable information on the effect of charging, electric field, and deformation on the SERS and conductivity of molecular junctions, helping the development of molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
- Technology College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Muwafag Osman Adam Balila
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
| | - Jihui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Yujin Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.H.)
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5
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Shao F, Zheng L, Lan J, Zenobi R. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Coadsorbed Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1645-1653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liqing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Bartolomeo GL, Zhang Y, Kumar N, Zenobi R. Molecular Perturbation Effects in AFM-Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Contact versus Tapping Mode. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15358-15364. [PMID: 34767337 PMCID: PMC8691690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tip-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful tool for nondestructive
and label-free surface chemical characterization at nanometer length
scales. However, despite being considered nondestructive, the interaction
of the TERS probe used in the analysis can alter the molecular organization
of the sample. In this study, we investigate the role of the atomic
force microscopy (AFM) feedback (contact mode and tapping mode) on
molecular perturbation in TERS analysis of soft samples using a self-assembled
monolayer (SAM) of 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzene-1-thiol (Cl-NBT) as a test
sample. Surprisingly, the tapping mode shows a consistently higher
TERS signal resulting from a minimal perturbation of the Cl-NBT SAM
compared to the contact mode. This study provides novel insights into
the choice of the correct AFM-TERS operation mode for nanoscale chemical
analysis of soft and delicate samples and is expected to expedite
the growing application of TERS in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Shao F, Wang W, Yang W, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Lan J, Dieter Schlüter A, Zenobi R. In-situ nanospectroscopic imaging of plasmon-induced two-dimensional [4+4]-cycloaddition polymerization on Au(111). Nat Commun 2021; 12:4557. [PMID: 34315909 PMCID: PMC8316434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmon-induced chemical reactions (PICRs) have recently become promising approaches for highly efficient light-chemical energy conversion. However, an in-depth understanding of their mechanisms at the nanoscale still remains challenging. Here, we present an in-situ investigation by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging of the plasmon-induced [4+4]-cycloaddition polymerization within anthracene-based monomer monolayers physisorbed on Au(111), and complement the experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This two-dimensional (2D) polymerization can be flexibly triggered and manipulated by the hot carriers, and be monitored simultaneously by TERS in real time and space. TERS imaging provides direct evidence for covalent bond formation with ca. 3.7 nm spatial resolution under ambient conditions. Combined with DFT calculations, the TERS results demonstrate that the lateral polymerization on Au(111) occurs by a hot electron tunneling mechanism, and crosslinks form via a self-stimulating growth mechanism. We show that TERS is promising to be plasmon-induced nanolithography for organic 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials, Polymer Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Wei W, Li J, Han X, Yao Y, Zhao W, Han R, Li S, Zhang Y, Zheng C. Insights into the adsorption mechanism of tannic acid by a green synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite and its effect on aqueous Cu(II) removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146189. [PMID: 33714103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenolic tannic acid (TA) has been widely used in the stabilization and surface modification of nanomaterials. The interaction mechanism of TA with the biogenic nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and its environmental importance, however, are poorly understood. This study explored the adsorption of TA using the green synthesized, eggshell-derived nHAP and implications of this process for the removal of aqueous Cu(II) via batch adsorption experiments, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations. TA adsorption by nHAP was a complex pH-dependent process and significantly correlated with TA molecule speciation and amphoteric properties of nHAP via multiple adsorption modes including surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bond. The maximum TA adsorption amount was found to be 94.8 mg/g for less crystalline nHAP with lower calcination temperature. In the ternary Cu-TA-nHAP systems, TA promoted Cu(II) adsorption at pH < 5 and reduced Cu(II) uptake at pH > 5. Further studies of the effects of ionic strength and addition sequences, as well as Raman, FTIR, and XPS analyses revealed Cu(II) adsorption on nHAP was mainly dominated by inner-sphere surface complexation. These results can shed light on not only the utility of biogenic nHAP for TA and Cu(II) adsorption but also the evaluation of the effect of TA on the environmental behavior of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junsuo Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Han
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Ruiming Han
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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9
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Schultz JF, Mahapatra S, Li L, Jiang N. The Expanding Frontiers of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1313-1340. [PMID: 32419485 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820932229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of chemistry and physical properties at the nanoscale enables the rational design of interface-based systems. Surface interactions underlie numerous technologies ranging from catalysis to organic thin films to biological systems. Since surface environments are especially prone to heterogeneity, it becomes crucial to characterize these systems with spatial resolution sufficient to localize individual active sites or defects. Spectroscopy presents as a powerful means to understand these interactions, but typical light-based techniques lack sufficient spatial resolution. This review describes the growing number of applications for the nanoscale spectroscopic technique, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), with a focus on developments in areas that involve measurements in new environmental conditions, such as liquid, electrochemical, and ultrahigh vacuum. The expansion into unique environments enables the ability to spectroscopically define chemistry at the spatial limit. Through the confinement and enhancement of light at the apex of a plasmonic scanning probe microscopy tip, TERS is able to yield vibrational fingerprint information of molecules and materials with nanoscale resolution, providing insight into highly localized chemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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10
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Schultz JF, Li S, Jiang S, Jiang N. Optical scanning tunneling microscopy based chemical imaging and spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:463001. [PMID: 32702674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba8c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Through coupling optical processes with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), single-molecule chemistry and physics have been investigated at the ultimate spatial and temporal limit. Electrons and photons can be used to drive interactions and reactions in chemical systems and simultaneously probe their characteristics and consequences. In this review we introduce and review methods to couple optical imaging and spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy. The integration of the STM and optical spectroscopy provides new insights into individual molecular adsorbates, surface-supported molecular assemblies, and two-dimensional materials with subnanoscale resolution, enabling the fundamental study of chemistry at the spatial and temporal limit. The inelastic scattering of photons by molecules and materials, that results in unique and sensitive vibrational fingerprints, will be considered with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. STM-induced luminescence examines the intrinsic luminescence of organic adsorbates and their energy transfer and charge transfer processes with their surroundings. We also provide a survey of recent efforts to probe the dynamics of optical excitation at the molecular level with scanning tunneling microscopy in the context of light-induced photophysical and photochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Song Jiang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
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11
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Kurouski D, Dazzi A, Zenobi R, Centrone A. Infrared and Raman chemical imaging and spectroscopy at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3315-3347. [PMID: 32424384 PMCID: PMC7675782 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology, and the need to understand the chemical composition at the nanoscale, has stimulated the convergence of IR and Raman spectroscopy with scanning probe methods, resulting in new nanospectroscopy paradigms. Here we review two such methods, namely photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). AFM-IR and TERS fundamentals will be reviewed in detail together with their recent crucial advances. The most recent applications, now spanning across materials science, nanotechnology, biology, medicine, geology, optics, catalysis, art conservation and other fields are also discussed. Even though AFM-IR and TERS have developed independently and have initially targeted different applications, rapid innovation in the last 5 years has pushed the performance of these, in principle spectroscopically complimentary, techniques well beyond initial expectations, thus opening new opportunities for their convergence. Therefore, subtle differences and complementarity will be highlighted together with emerging trends and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurouski
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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12
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Zhang Z, Liu H, Sun Q, Shao F, Pan Q, Zhuang T, Zhao Y. Interfacial Synthesis of a Monolayered Fluorescent Two-Dimensional Polymer through Dynamic Imine Chemistry. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:381-385. [PMID: 32215235 PMCID: PMC7092776 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent monolayered two-dimensional polymer (2DP) containing both tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and imine linkages is synthesized at air-water interface using the Langmuir-Blodgett method. We designed TPE-based monomers with long distances between the TPE and the imine linkages to avoid the charge transfer and therefore keep the fluorescence. A monolayered 2DP provided with more than 104 μm2 in domain size and around 0.8 nm thickness was obtained through a successive Schiff base reaction at air-water interface. The nanostructures and fluorescent property of 2DP films were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, AFM and fluorescence spectrum. Most importantly, the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was utilized here to confirm the success of the polycondensation of monolayered 2DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore117543.
| | - Qingyan Pan
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
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13
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Zheng LQ, Servalli M, Schlüter AD, Zenobi R. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for structural analysis of two-dimensional covalent monolayers synthesized on water and on Au (111). Chem Sci 2019; 10:9673-9678. [PMID: 32055337 PMCID: PMC6984395 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) covalent monolayer based on [4 + 4] cycloaddition reactions between adjacent anthracene units was synthesized at an air/water interface. For structural analysis, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) provides direct evidence for the covalent bonds formed between monomer molecules. For the first time, progress of the photopolymerization reaction was monitored by irradiation (λ = 385 nm) of the monomer monolayer for different times, based on averaged TER spectra extracted from maps. In addition, a 2D polymerization on a Au (111) substrate was realized, which opens up new possibilities for such chemical transformations. This work uses TERS as a minimally invasive tool to investigate how the reaction conditions affect polymerization conversion. We show that the high sensitivity and the high spatial resolution of TERS can be used to estimate the crystallinity of 2D covalent monolayers, which is a key question in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Marco Servalli
- Department of Materials , Institute of Polymer Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials , Institute of Polymer Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
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14
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Watts KE, Blackburn TJ, Pemberton JE. Optical Spectroscopy of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Thin Films: A Status Report. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4235-4265. [PMID: 30790520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Thomas J Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
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15
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Kumar N, Weckhuysen BM, Wain AJ, Pollard AJ. Nanoscale chemical imaging using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1169-1193. [PMID: 30911174 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Confocal and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful techniques for molecular characterization; however, they suffer from the drawback of diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) overcomes this limitation and provides chemical information at length scales in the tens of nanometers. In contrast to alternative approaches to nanoscale chemical analysis, TERS is label free, is non-destructive, and can be performed in both air and liquid environments, allowing its use in a diverse range of applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based TERS is especially versatile, as it can be applied to a broad range of samples on various substrates. Despite its advantages, widespread uptake of this technique for nanoscale chemical imaging has been inhibited by various experimental challenges, such as limited lifetime, and the low stability and yield of TERS probes. This protocol details procedures that will enable researchers to reliably perform TERS imaging using a transmission-mode AFM-TERS configuration on both biological and non-biological samples. The procedure consists of four stages: (i) preparation of plasmonically active TERS probes; (ii) alignment of the TERS system; (iii) experimental procedures for nanoscale imaging using TERS; and (iv) TERS data processing. We provide procedures and example data for a range of different sample types, including polymer thin films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules, photocatalyst surfaces, small molecules within biological cells, single-layer graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes in both air and water. With this protocol, TERS probes can be prepared within ~23 h, and each subsequent TERS experimental procedure requires 3-5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.,Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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16
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Liu Z, Fan H, Li W, Bai G, Li X, Zhao N, Xu J, Zhou F, Guo X, Dai B, Benassi E, Jia X. Competitive self-assembly driven as a route to control the morphology of poly(tannic acid) assemblies. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4751-4758. [PMID: 30601558 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With an attempt to develop some supermolecular assemblies of a particular structure through a controllable method, the present study developed two distinct assembly patterns for Poly(Tannic Acid) (PTA) by means of adjusting the components and composition of a binary solvent system. The assembly mechanism was explored through the comparison of theoretical calculations and experimental results with respect to how solvent sets affect the nature of intermolecular interactions among oligomers. The results indicate that the morphology of the aggregates of PTA is determined from the nature of the intermolecular interactions among oligomers. While a cuboid shaped aggregate is likely the result of π-π stacking self-assembly, a sphere shaped morphology is formed through intermolecular hydrogen bonding among the oligomers. The results of the present work provide valuable resources to tune the aggregation morphology by quantitatively adjusting the physical properties of the binary solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bintuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
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17
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Yin Z, Cheng X, Liu R, Li X, Hang L, Hang W, Xu J, Yan X, Li J, Tian Z. Chemical and Topographical Single‐Cell Imaging by Near‐Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4541-4546. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Le Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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18
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Yin Z, Cheng X, Liu R, Li X, Hang L, Hang W, Xu J, Yan X, Li J, Tian Z. Chemical and Topographical Single‐Cell Imaging by Near‐Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Le Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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19
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Belianinov A, Ievlev AV, Lorenz M, Borodinov N, Doughty B, Kalinin SV, Fernández FM, Ovchinnikova OS. Correlated Materials Characterization via Multimodal Chemical and Functional Imaging. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11798-11818. [PMID: 30422627 PMCID: PMC9850281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal chemical imaging simultaneously offers high-resolution chemical and physical information with nanoscale and, in select cases, atomic resolution. By coupling modalities that collect physical and chemical information, we can address scientific problems in biological systems, battery and fuel cell research, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, photovoltaics, medicine, and many others. The combined systems enable the local correlation of material properties with chemical makeup, making fundamental questions of how chemistry and structure drive functionality approachable. In this Review, we present recent progress and offer a perspective for chemical imaging used to characterize a variety of samples by a number of platforms. Specifically, we present cases of infrared and Raman spectroscopies combined with scanning probe microscopy; optical microscopy and mass spectrometry; nonlinear optical microscopy; and, finally, ion, electron, and probe microscopies with mass spectrometry. We also discuss the challenges associated with the use of data originated by the combinatorial hardware, analysis, and machine learning as well as processing tools necessary for the interpretation of multidimensional data acquired from multimodal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Belianinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anton V. Ievlev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthias Lorenz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nikolay Borodinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Petit Institute for Biochemistry and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Olga S. Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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20
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Servalli M, Celebi K, Payamyar P, Zheng L, Položij M, Lowe B, Kuc A, Schwarz T, Thorwarth K, Borgschulte A, Heine T, Zenobi R, Schlüter AD. Photochemical Creation of Covalent Organic 2D Monolayer Objects in Defined Shapes via a Lithographic 2D Polymerization. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11294-11306. [PMID: 30354049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we prepare Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers with a trifunctional amphiphilic anthraphane monomer. Upon spreading at the air/water interface, the monomers self-assemble into 1 nm-thin monolayer islands, which are highly fluorescent and can be visualized by the naked eye upon excitation. In situ fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that in the monolayers, all the anthracene units of the monomers are stacked face-to-face forming excimer pairs, whereas at the edges of the monolayers, free anthracenes are present acting as edge groups. Irradiation of the monolayer triggers [4 + 4]-cycloadditions among the excimer pairs, effectively resulting in a two-dimensional (2D) polymerization. The polymerization reaction also completely quenches the fluorescence, allowing to draw patterns on the monomer monolayers. More interestingly, after transferring the monomer monolayer on a solid substrate, by employing masks or the laser of a confocal scanning microscope, it is possible to arbitrarily select the parts of the monolayer that one wants to polymerize. The unpolymerized regions can then be washed away from the substrate, leaving 2D macromolecular monolayer objects of the desired shape. This photolithographic process employs 2D polymerizations and affords 1 nm-thin coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Servalli
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kemal Celebi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Payam Payamyar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , 9 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Liqing Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Položij
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Linnéstrasse 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
- Theoretische Chemie , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Benjamin Lowe
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Linnéstrasse 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Linnéstrasse 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
- Abteilung Ressourcenökölogie, Forschungsstelle Leipzig , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Permosenstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- ScopeM, Institute of Biochemistry , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Thorwarth
- Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Borgschulte
- Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Heine
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Linnéstrasse 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
- Theoretische Chemie , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Abteilung Ressourcenökölogie, Forschungsstelle Leipzig , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Permosenstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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21
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Wang W, Schlüter AD. Synthetic 2D Polymers: A Critical Perspective and a Look into the Future. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800719. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Polymers; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Institute of Polymers; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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22
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles, practice, and applications to nanospectroscopic imaging of 2D materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:37-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Liu C, Xu X, Hu W, Yang X, Zhou P, Qiu G, Ye W, Li Y, Jiang C. Synthesis of Clean Cabbagelike (111) Faceted Silver Crystals for Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing of Papaverine. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9805-9812. [PMID: 30051706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clean cabbagelike (111) faceted silver crystals were synthesized via a facile galvanic replacement reaction of [Ag(NH3)2]OH and a commercial aluminum foil, a surfactant-free formation process. The cabbagelike silver crystals consisted of interconnected nanoplates and exhibited a single-crystal structure along with preferential (111) facet oriented growth. These silver crystals showed high and reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity due to electromagnetic mechanism, and they could be easily transferred onto other rigid or flexible surfaces, making their SERS applications more versatile. Since Ag (111) with low surface energy could preferentially adsorb papaverine molecules, which was verified by molecular dynamics simulation, the cabbagelike silver crystals were further employed as a promising SERS assay for efficient sensing of papaverine, a nonnarcotic alkaloid. A linear range of 0.1-1000 μM was achieved, along with a detection limit of 10 nM and good selectivity relative to other excitability drugs. This SERS assay has successfully been used to determine the concentration of papaverine in hot pot seasonings and drugs with satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Lanzhou Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | | | | | | | - Guoyu Qiu
- Lanzhou Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | | | | | - Chaoyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fluorinated Functional Materials , University of South Dakota , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
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24
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Su W, Kumar N, Krayev A, Chaigneau M. In situ topographical chemical and electrical imaging of carboxyl graphene oxide at the nanoscale. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2891. [PMID: 30038358 PMCID: PMC6056528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualising the distribution of structural defects and functional groups present on the surface of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene oxide challenges the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the most advanced analytical techniques. Here we demonstrate mapping of functional groups on a carboxyl-modified graphene oxide (GO–COOH) surface with a spatial resolution of ≈10 nm using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Furthermore, we extend the capability of TERS by measuring local electronic properties in situ, in addition to the surface topography and chemical composition. Our results reveal that the Fermi level at the GO–COOH surface decreases as the ID/IG ratio increases, correlating the local defect density with the Fermi level at nanometre length-scales. The in situ multi-parameter microscopy demonstrated in this work significantly improves the accuracy of nanoscale surface characterisation, eliminates measurement artefacts, and opens up the possibilities for characterising optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials under operational conditions. Mapping the distribution of functional groups on 2D materials with high resolution remains challenging. Here, the authors combine tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy to simultaneously examine the topography, chemical composition and electronic nature of graphene oxide surfaces with nanoscale spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Su
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems (Hangzhou Dianzi University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK. .,Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrey Krayev
- HORIBA Instruments Incorporated, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Marc Chaigneau
- HORIBA France, Avenue de la Vauve, Passage Jobin Yvon, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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25
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Shao F, Dai W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Schlüter AD, Zenobi R. Chemical Mapping of Nanodefects within 2D Covalent Monolayers by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5021-5029. [PMID: 29659244 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale defects in monolayers (MLs) of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, and 2D polymers, can alter their physical, mechanical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties. However, detailed information about nanodefects within 2D covalent monolayers is difficult to obtain because it requires highly selective and sensitive techniques that can provide chemical information at the nanoscale. Here, we report a 2D imine-linked ML prepared from two custom-designed building blocks by dynamic imine chemistry at the air/water interface, in which an acetylenic moiety in one of the blocks was used as a spectroscopic reporter for nanodefects. Combined with density functional theory calculations that take into account surface selection rules, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging provides information on the chemical bonds, molecular orientation, as well as nanodefects in the resulting ML. Additionally, TERS imaging visualizes the topography and integrity of the ML at Au(111) terrace edges, suggesting possible ductility of the ML. Furthermore, edge-induced molecular tilting and a stronger signal enhancement were observed at the terrace edges, from which a spatial resolution around 8 nm could be deduced. The present work can be used to study covalent 2D materials at the nanoscale, which are expected to be of use when engineering their properties for specific device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wenyang Dai
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Center for Material Physics (CSIC - UPV/EHU and DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 Donostia 20018 , Spain
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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26
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Müller V, Shao F, Baljozovic M, Moradi M, Zhang Y, Jung T, Thompson WB, King BT, Zenobi R, Schlüter AD. Structural Characterization of a Covalent Monolayer Sheet Obtained by Two-Dimensional Polymerization at an Air/Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Müller
- Department of Materials; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Milos Baljozovic
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mina Moradi
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC; Donostia-San Sebstian 20018 Spain
| | - Thomas Jung
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin T. King
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nevada; Reno NV 89557-0216 USA
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Müller V, Shao F, Baljozovic M, Moradi M, Zhang Y, Jung T, Thompson WB, King BT, Zenobi R, Schlüter AD. Structural Characterization of a Covalent Monolayer Sheet Obtained by Two-Dimensional Polymerization at an Air/Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15262-15266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Müller
- Department of Materials; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Milos Baljozovic
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mina Moradi
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC; Donostia-San Sebstian 20018 Spain
| | - Thomas Jung
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin T. King
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nevada; Reno NV 89557-0216 USA
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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