1
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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, Rashed MM, Osman AMA. Synthesis and biological activities of bicyclic pyridines integrated steroid hybrid. Steroids 2023; 199:109287. [PMID: 37517592 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Reports on structural modification of heterosteroids through various reactions, and developed synthetic routes have considerably increased over the last decade. The present review encompasses the applicable approaches dealing with the utility of reactive moieties in various steroids for the synthesis of fused bicyclic pyridines, and binary bicyclic pyridines all over the years. The different sections include the synthesis of steroids-fused, and binary quinolines, pyridopyrimidines, imidazopyridines, spirocyclic imidazopyridines, pyrazolopyridines, thienopyridines, pyridinyl-thiazoles, and tetrazolopyridine hybrids, as well as, the diverse biological applications of these heterocyclic steroids. The researchers' interest was principally focused on investigating the flexibility of synthetic strategies for various derivatives of natural steroids and building proposals based on heterocyclic steroids for drug discovery, biological assessments, and synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Rashed
- Toxicology Department, Mansoura Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amany M A Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt.
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2
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Kosuge S, Araki Y, Tsuge K, Sugimoto K, Matsuya Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Pyridines following the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Aza-Enyne Metathesis/6π-Electrocyclization-Aromatization Sequence. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37191633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot de novo synthesis of pentasubstituted pyridines was realized following the process of Au(I)-autotandem catalysis and subsequent aromatization. The process involves aza-enyne metathesis with aryl propiolates to yield 1-azabutadienes and their addition/6π-electrocyclization sequence with the other propiolate units. The resultant 1,4-dihydropyridines were aromatized to furnish the pyridines in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The aryl propiolates were regioselectively incorporated into the ring system to afford 2-arylpyridines as the sole product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Kosuge
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Araki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tsuge
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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3
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Pal S, Das S, Chakraborty S, Khanra S, Paul ND. Zn(II)-Catalyzed Multicomponent Sustainable Synthesis of Pyridines in Air. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3650-3665. [PMID: 36854027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Zn(II)-catalyzed solvent-free sustainable synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted pyridines using alcohols as the primary feedstock and NH4OAc as the nitrogen source. Using a well-defined air-stable Zn(II)-catalyst, 1a, featuring a redox-active tridentate azo-aromatic pincer, 2-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (La), a wide variety of unsymmetrical 2,4,6-substituted pyridines were prepared by three-component coupling of primary and secondary alcohols with NH4OAc. Catalyst 1a is equally compatible with the four-component coupling. Unsymmetrical 2,4,6-substituted pyridines were also prepared via a four-component coupling of a primary alcohol with two different secondary alcohols and NH4OAc. A series of tetra-substituted pyridines were prepared up to 67% yield by coupling primary and secondary alcohols with 1-phenylpropan-1-one or 1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and NH4OAc. The 1a-catalyzed reactions also proceeded efficiently upon replacing the secondary alcohols with the corresponding ketones, producing the desired tri- and tetra-substituted pyridines in higher yields in a shorter reaction time. A few control experiments were performed to unveil the mechanistic aspects, which indicates that the active participation of the aryl-azo ligand during catalysis enables the Zn(II)-complex to act as an efficient catalyst for the present multicomponent reactions. Aerial oxygen acts as an oxidant during the Zn(II)-catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols, producing H2O and H2O2 as byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhankar Khanra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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4
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Jiang HM, Zhao YL, Sun Q, Ouyang XH, Li JH. Recent Advances in N-O Bond Cleavage of Oximes and Hydroxylamines to Construct N-Heterocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041775. [PMID: 36838760 PMCID: PMC9964420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oximes and hydroxylamines are a very important class of skeletons that not only widely exist in natural products and drug molecules, but also a class of synthon, which have been widely used in industrial production. Due to weak N-O σ bonds of oximes and hydroxylamines, they can be easily transformed into other functional groups by N-O bond cleavage. Therefore, the synthesis of N-heterocycle by using oximes and hydroxylamines as nitrogen sources has attracted wide attention. Recent advances for the synthesis of N-heterocycle through transition-metal-catalyzed and radical-mediated cyclization classified by the type of nitrogen sources and rings are summarized. In this paper, the recent advances in the N-O bond cleavage of oximes and hydroxylamines are reviewed. We hope that this review provides a new perspective on this field, and also provides a reference to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.O.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.O.); (J.-H.L.)
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5
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Bodala V, Podugu RL, Yettula K, Gollamudi P, Vidavalur S, Pulipaka S. Iron-Catalysed [3+3] Annulation of Oxime Acetates and Enaminones towards the Synthesis of Multi-Substituted Pyridines. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201004. [PMID: 36461710 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A direct access to unsymmetrical and symmetrical multi-substituted pyridines has been accomplished via iron-catalysed [3+3] annulation of oxime acetates with enaminones. This protocol is featured by easily available starting materials, no requirement of expensive additives and ligands, operational simplicity, and good tolerance with diverse functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varaprasad Bodala
- Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | | | - Kumari Yettula
- Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - Padmarao Gollamudi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, 532410, India
| | - Siddaiah Vidavalur
- Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - Shyamala Pulipaka
- Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
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6
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Li Y, Yang K, Cao L. Copper-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of ketones with oxime acetates for the synthesis of pyridines. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27546-27549. [PMID: 36276018 PMCID: PMC9516370 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of diverse pyridines through the [3+3] annulation of ketones with oxime acetates has been reported. It is very convenient to obtain various unsymmetrical 2,6-diarylpyridines by changing different substrates. The rare copper-catalyzed direct difunctionalization of saturated ketones for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles is developed. This protocol has excellent functional group tolerance, readily available raw materials, high chemoselectivity and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Guangzhou Darui Bio-technology Co. Ltd China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
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7
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Sim K, ul Ansari T, Park Y, Jeong Y, Oh S, Min H, Jeon D, Kim H, Cho C. A Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Stille Coupling/Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cascade for the Generation of Fused Pyridines and Application in the Synthesis of (+)‐Lycopladine A and (−)‐Lycoposerramine R. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu‐Hyun Sim
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Thameem ul Ansari
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Yong‐Gyu Park
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Yeolib Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Ha Oh
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Hye‐Won Min
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Da‐Yoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon‐Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
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8
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Patel AK, Rathor SS, Samanta S. Regioselective access to di- and trisubstituted pyridines via a metal-oxidant-solvent-free domino reaction involving 3-chloropropiophenones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6759-6765. [PMID: 35972042 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable metal-oxidant-solvent- and base-free domino route for regioselective access to a wide range of 2,4-di- and 2,3,4/6-trisubstituted pyridines including carbo- and heterocyclic fused pyridines is reported. This [3C + 2C + 1N] cyclization reaction occurs between 3-chloropropiophenones (3C units), enolizable acyclic/cyclic ketones (2C sources) and NH4OAc as a robust N source under neat conditions under an open atmosphere, producing new C=C and C=N-C bonds in highly chemo- and regioselective manners. Interestingly, this eco-friendly method has many positive features: excellent functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, good to excellent regioselectivities, promising yields, no-unwanted products, neutral reaction conditions and appropriateness for large-scale synthesis. Mechanism studies reveal that the in situ generated β-amino ketone from 3-chloropropiophenone and an ammonium salt undergoes C=N bond formation with a ketone followed by an intramolecular cyclization process (C=C bond), which are the decisive steps for pyridine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvani Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, India.
| | - Shikha Singh Rathor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, India.
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, India.
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9
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Naikwadi DR, Bankar BD, Kachgunde HG, Biradar A. Highly Active and Efficient Cu@SiO2 Catalyst: Enabled Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Activation of Active Methylene Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanaji R. Naikwadi
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute CSIR Inorganic Materials and catalysis 364002 INDIA
| | - Balasaheb D. Bankar
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute CSIR Inorganic Materials and catalysis 364002 Bhavnagar INDIA
| | - Hanuman G. Kachgunde
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute CSIR Inorganic materials and catalysis 364002 Bhavnagar INDIA
| | - Ankush Biradar
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute CSIR Inorganic materials and Catalysis G B Marg 364002 Bhavnagar INDIA
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10
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Shim KH, Ansari TU, Park YG, Jeong Y, Oh SH, Min HW, Jeon DY, Kim H, Cho CG. A Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Stille Coupling/IMDA Cascade for the Generation of Fused Pyridines and Application in the Synthesis of (+)‐Lycopladine A and (‐)‐Lycoposerramine R. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyun Shim
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Thameem ul Ansari
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yeolib Jeong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sang-Ha Oh
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hye-Won Min
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Da-Yoon Jeon
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Hanyang University - Seoul Campus: Hanyang University Chemistry 222 Wangsimni-roSeongdong-gu 04763 Seoul KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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11
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Cao S, Li H, Teng X, Si H, Chen R, Zhu Y. Access to Fully Substituted Dihydropyrimidines via Dual Copper/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Oxime Esters and Imines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Dai XJ, Krolikowski P, Murray JI, Wei CS, Dornan PK, Rötheli AR, Caille S, Thiel OR, Smith AG, Parsons AT. Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines via Formal (3+3) Cycloaddition of Enamines with Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8437-8444. [PMID: 35679839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalyzed, formal (3+3) cycloaddition reaction is described for the practical synthesis of substituted pyridines. Starting from readily available enamines and enal/ynal/enone substrates, the protocol affords tri- or tetrasubstituted pyridine scaffolds bearing various functional groups. This method was demonstrated on a 50 g scale, enabling the synthesis of 2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-amine, a raw material used for the manufacture of sotorasib. Mechanistic analysis using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry revealed the transformation proceeds through the reversible formation of a stable reaction off-cycle species that precedes pyridine formation. In situ reaction progress kinetic analysis and control NMR studies were employed to better understand the role of FeCl3 and pyrrolidine hydrochloride in promoting the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jie Dai
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul Krolikowski
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James I Murray
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Carolyn S Wei
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Peter K Dornan
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andreas R Rötheli
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Seb Caille
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Oliver R Thiel
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Austin G Smith
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Andrew T Parsons
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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13
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Cao S, Yuan W, Li Y, Teng X, Si H, Chen R, Zhu Y. Photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN: access to antifungal active tetrasubstituted pyrazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7200-7203. [PMID: 35671164 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN has been developed. A range of structurally novel tetrasubstituted pyrazines have been obtained. This method features high bond-forming efficiency, high step economy, broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis. Moreover, preliminary bioactivity evaluation of pyrazine products shows their promising antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Huaxing Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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14
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Reza AI, Iwai K, Nishiwaki N. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Multiply Arylated/Alkylated Pyridines. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200099. [PMID: 35701177 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiply aryl/alkyl-substituted pyridines are some of the untapped synthetic targets because of the challenge in regioselectively introducing less polar aryl/alkyl groups at the desired positions in the pyridine framework. Interestingly, the importance of this family of compounds has increased annually, particularly in biological and materials engineering applications. The syntheses of such pyridines have been extensively reported, but there is a lack of comprehensive review articles. Hence, this review discusses recent advances by grouping reaction patterns that generally deliver tri-, tetra-, and penta-aryl/alkyl pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Indah Reza
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kento Iwai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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15
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Yan H, Xu G, Gu M, Zhang S, Wu Q, Meng J, Zhu N, Fang Z, Duan J, Guo K. Copper-catalyzed [4+2] oxidative annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with ethyl trifluoropyruvate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6757-6760. [PMID: 35611963 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel route for tandem C-N/C-O formation via copper-catalyzed [4+2] oxidative annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with ethyl trifluoropyruvate to synthesize valuable trifluoromethyl-containing 2H-1,3-oxazines in moderate to good yields is developed. This procedure represents the first [4+2] oxidative annulation of oxime derivatives with activated CO bonds and provides an alternative route towards functionalized 2H-1,3-oxazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Gaochen Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Meng Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Sai Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Qinghuan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jingjing Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jindian Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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16
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Miao CB, Qiang XQ, Xu X, Song XQ, Zhou SQ, Lyu X, Yang HT. Synthesis of Stable N-H Imines with a Benzo[7,8]indolizine Core and Benzo[7,8]indolizino[1,2- c]quinolines via Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated O-Acyl Ketoximes with Isoquinolinium N-Ylides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3828-3833. [PMID: 35605016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed annulation of α,β-unsaturated O-acyl ketoximes with isoquinolinium N-ylides has been developed for the concise synthesis of stable N-H imines with a benzo[7,8]indolizine core. When β-(2-bromoaryl)-α,β-unsaturated O-acyl ketoximes are used as the starting materials, a cascade cyclization occurs to afford the benzo[7,8]indolizino[1,2-c]quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bao Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Qiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Su-Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
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17
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Qu Z, Tian T, Deng GJ, Huang H. Diverse catalytic systems for nitrogen-heterocycle formation from O-acyl ketoximes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Wang ZH, Yang P, Zhang YP, You Y, Zhao JQ, Zhou MQ, Yuan WC. Copper‐catalyzed ring‐opening (3+2) annulation of cyclopropenones with ketoxime acetates: access to 1,2‐dihydro‐pyrrol‐3‐ones bearing a quaternary carbon center. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Chengdu University Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study CHINA
| | - Ping Yang
- ZMC: Zunyi Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Chengdu University Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study CHINA
| | - Yong You
- Chengdu University Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study CHINA
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Chengdu University Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study CHINA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry CAS: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs CHINA
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs Renmin South Road Block 4, No. 9 610041 Chengdu CHINA
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19
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Hong P, Song X, Huang Z, Tan K, Wu A, Lu X. Insights into the Mechanism of Metal-Catalyzed Transformation of Oxime Esters: Metal-Bound Radical Pathway vs Free Radical Pathway. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6014-6024. [PMID: 35389656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling of radical reactivity by binding a radical to the metal center is an elegant strategy to overcome the challenge that radical intermediates are "too reactive to be selective". Yet, its application has seemingly been limited to a few strained-ring substrates, azide compounds, and diazo compounds. Meanwhile, first-row transition-metal-catalyzed (mainly, Fe, Ni, Cu) transformations of oxime esters have been reported recently in which the activation processes are assumed to follow free-radical mechanisms. In this work, we show by means of density functional theory calculations that the activation of oxime esters catalyzed by Fe(II) and Cu(I) catalysts more likely affords a metal-bound iminyl radical, rather than the presumed free iminyl radical, and the whole process follows a metal-bound radical mechanism. The as-formed metal-bound radical intermediates are an Fe(III)-iminyl radical (Stotal = 2, SFe = 5/2, and Siminyl = -1/2) and a Cu(II)-iminyl radical (Stotal = 0, SCu = 1/2, and Siminyl = -1/2). The discovery of such novel substrates affording metal-bound radical intermediates may facilitate the experimental design of metal-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis using oxime esters to achieve the desired enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaolin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhengqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Anan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Cao S, Ma C, Teng X, Chen R, Li Y, Yuan W, Zhu Y. Facile synthesis of fully substituted 1 H-imidazoles from oxime esters via dual photoredox/copper catalyzed multicomponent reactions. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters, aldehydes, and amines has been achieved, affording a broad range of fully substituted 1H-imidazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chongchong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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21
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Li T, Chiou MF, Li Y, Ye C, Su M, Xue M, Yuan X, Wang C, Wan WM, Li D, Bao H. Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles and Studies of AIEE in Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5667-5673. [PMID: 35694357 PMCID: PMC9116286 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroles are among the most important heterocycles in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Construction of pyrrole scaffolds with different substituents and free NH group however, is challenging. Herein, a metal-free method for...
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Affiliation(s)
- Taian Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University 1 Keji Road Fuzhou 350117 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Mong-Feng Chiou
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Changqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University 1 Keji Road Fuzhou 350117 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Chuanchuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Daliang Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University 1 Keji Road Fuzhou 350117 P. R. China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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22
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Jiang K, Li SJ, Liu QP, Yu N, Li YL, Zhou YQ, He KC, Lin J, Zheng TY, Lang J, Lan Y, Wei Y. Iminyl radical-triggered relay annulation for the construction of bridged aza-tetracycles bearing four contiguous stereogenic centers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7283-7288. [PMID: 35799821 PMCID: PMC9214848 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01548j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bridged tetracyclic nitrogen scaffolds are found in numerous biologically active molecules and medicinally relevant structures. Traditional methods usually require tedious reaction steps, and/or the use of structurally specific starting materials. We report an unprecedented, iminyl radical-triggered relay annulation from oxime-derived peresters and azadienes, which shows good substrate scope and functional group compatibility, and can deliver various bridged aza-tetracyclic compounds with complex molecular topology and four contiguous stereogenic centers (dr > 19 : 1) in a single operation. This transformation represents the first example of trifunctionalization of iminyl radicals through simultaneous formation of one C–N and two C–C bonds. DFT calculation studies were conducted to obtain an in-depth insight into the reaction pathways, which revealed that the reactions involved an interesting 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer process. A novel radical relay annulation is realized for the construction of various bridged aza-tetracyclic compounds with complex molecular topology and four contiguous stereogenic centers (dr > 19 : 1) in a single operation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qing-Peng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ning Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ting-Yu Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jian Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ye Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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23
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Meng X, Cheng D, Wang S, Zhao X, Chen J. NH4I-Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of α,β-Unsaturated O-Acetyl Oxime with Alkyl Pyruvate for Rapid Substituted Pyridine Formation. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Nie B, Wu W, Jin C, Ren Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alicyclic[ b]-Fused Pyridines via C(sp 2)-H Activation of α,β-Unsaturated N-Acetyl Hydrazones with Vinyl Azides. J Org Chem 2021; 87:159-171. [PMID: 34931823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic protocol for alicyclic[b]-fused pyridines with complete regioselectivity from α,β-unsaturated N-acetyl hydrazones and vinyl azides via Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/cyclization/aromatization strategy has been described. A series of five- to eight-membered alicyclic[b]-fused pyridines were prepared in a one-step manner with wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guang-dong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guang-dong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanfei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Qingyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guang-dong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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25
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Miao CB, Guan HR, Tang Y, Wang K, Ren WL, Lyu X, Yao C, Yang HT. Copper-Catalyzed Bisannulations of Malonate-Tethered O-Acyl Oximes with Pyridine, Pyrazine, Pyridazine, and Quinoline Derivatives for the Construction of Dihydroindolizine-Fused Pyrrolidinones and Analogues. Org Lett 2021; 23:8699-8704. [PMID: 34723547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed bisannulation reaction of malonate-tethered O-acyl oximes with pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and quinoline derivatives has been developed for the concise synthesis of structurally novel dihydroindolizine-fused pyrrolidinones and their analogues. The present reaction shows excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Theoretical calculations reveal that the coordination effect of the carbonyl group in the nucleophilic substrate determines the excellent regioselectivity. Further functionalization of the generated dihydroindolizine-fused pyrrolidinone could be easily realized through substitution, Michael addition, selective aminolysis, and hydrolysis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bao Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Rong Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - YiHan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Long Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | | | - ChangSheng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
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26
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Xu Z, Chen H, Deng GJ, Huang H. Copper-catalyzed three-component formal [3 + 1 + 2] annulations for the synthesis of 2-aminopyrimidines from O-acyl ketoximes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8706-8710. [PMID: 34581386 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01582f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A copper-based catalytic system has been developed to enable formal [3 + 1 + 2] annulations of ketoxime acetates, aldehydes, and cyanamides. This protocol offers a new strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted 2-aminopyrimidine compounds, and more importantly, pyrimidines have now been included in the N-heterocycle family constructed using O-acyl ketoximes as N-C-C synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Hongbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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27
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Mao Y, Mao H, Xu J, Liu T, Liu B, Tan Q, Ding CH, Xu B. Synthesis of Poly-Substituted Pyridines via Noble-Metal-Free Cycloaddition of Ketones and Imines. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3905-3908. [PMID: 34626095 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and noble-metal-free formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction was developed for the efficient synthesis of biologically interesting poly-substituted pyridines from easily available ketones and imines, whereby two sequential C-C bonds are formed. The given approach features a unique synthetic strategy of imines and ketones with wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, mild conditions and operational simplicity, which represents a more direct pathway to synthesize poly-substituted pyridines than traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hong Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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28
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Shabalin DA. Recent advances and future challenges in the synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8184-8204. [PMID: 34499071 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-Triarylpyridines are key building blocks to access functional molecules that are used in the design of advanced materials, metal-organic frameworks, supramolecules, reactive chemical intermediates and drugs. A number of synthetic protocols to construct this heterocyclic scaffold have been developed to date, the most recent of which (2015-present) are included and discussed in the present review. An emphasis has been placed on the utility of each synthetic approach in view of the scope of aryl/hetaryl substituents, limitations and an outlook of each method to be used in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Shabalin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St, Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
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29
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Bai C, Guo H, Liu X, Liu D, Sun Z, Bao A, Baiyin M, Muschin T, Bao YS. [3 + 2 + 1] Pyridine Skeleton Synthesis Using Acetonitrile as C4N1 Units and Solvent. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12664-12675. [PMID: 34463102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first [3 + 2 + 1] methodology for pyridine skeleton synthesis via cascade carbopalladation/cyclization of acetonitrile, arylboronic acids, and aldehydes was developed. This reaction proceeds via six step tandem reaction sequences involving the carbopalladation reaction of acetonitrile, a nucleophilic addition, a condensation, an intramolecular Michael addition, cyclization, and aromatization. Delightfully, both palladium acetate and supported palladium nanoparticles catalyzed this reaction with similar catalytic performance. The characterization results of the fresh and used supported palladium nanoparticle catalysts indicated that the reaction might be performed via a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle that began with Pd(0). Furthermore, the products showed good fluorescence characteristics. The green homogeneous/heterogenous catalytic methodologies pave a new way for constructing the pyridine skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Zhaorigetu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Agula Bao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Menghe Baiyin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Tegshi Muschin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Bao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
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30
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Wei K, Sun YC, Li R, Zhao JF, Chen W, Zhang H. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyridines: A Metal-Free Cascade Process. Org Lett 2021; 23:6669-6673. [PMID: 34406769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new process for the synthesis of highly functionalized pyridines based on a tandem Pummerer-type rearrangement, aza-Prins cyclization, and elimination-induced aromatization. This formal [5+1] cyclization provides pyridines in good yields with easily accessible starting materials. The synthetic potential of our new method is further demonstrated in the modification of the frameworks of BINOL and some natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang X, Miao X, Jiang H, Ge F, Sun J, Zhang R, Ouyang Q, Fan W, Zhu Y, Sun Y. Iodine‐Promoted Synthesis of Dipyrazolo/Diuracil‐Fused Pyridines and
o
‐Amino Diheteroaryl ketones via Oxidative Domino Annulation of 2/4‐Methylazaarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Miao
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Ru Jiang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia‐Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui‐Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Yu Fan
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
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32
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Wang K, Guan HR, Ren WL, Yang HT, Miao CB. Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Malonate-Tethered O-Acyl Oximes with Cyclic 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds for the Synthesis of Spiro-Pentacyclic Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12309-12317. [PMID: 34369761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed cascade annulation of malonate-tethered O-acyl oximes with cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed for the rapid synthesis of spiro-pentacyclic derivatives. This reaction allows the one-step formation of five C-C/N/O bonds and an angular tricyclic core under very mild conditions and shows excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Rong Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Long Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Bao Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
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33
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Rong B, Xu G, Yan H, Zhang S, Wu Q, Zhu N, Duan J, Guo K. The copper-catalyzed synthesis of dihydrooxazoles from α,β-unsaturated ketoximes and activated ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7272-7275. [PMID: 34195708 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first copper-catalyzed [3+2]-type condensation reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketoximes with activated ketones has been described for the synthesis of dihydrooxazoles, especially trifluoromethyl-decorated dihydrooxazoles. Notable features of this method include its broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and simple operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsen Rong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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34
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Ji L, Qiao J, Liu J, Tian M, Lu K, Zhao X. Metal-free chalcogenation of cycloketone oxime esters with dichalcogenides. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Krylov IB, Segida OO, Budnikov AS, Terent'ev AO. Oxime‐Derived Iminyl Radicals in Selective Processes of Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Addition to Carbon‐Carbon π‐Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Oleg O. Segida
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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36
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Shabalin DA, Dvorko MY, Schmidt EY, Trofimov BA. Regiocontrolled synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines from methyl ketones, electron-deficient acetylenes and ammonium acetate. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2703-2715. [PMID: 33667288 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-pot two-step approach for the synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines via t-BuOK/DMSO-promoted C-vinylation of a variety of methyl ketones with electron-deficient acetylenes (alkynones) followed by a cyclization of the in situ generated unsaturated 1,5-dicarbonyl species with ammonium acetate has been developed. This approach possesses competitive advantages such as high regioselectivity, available starting materials and the absence of transition-metal catalysts, oxidants and undesirable byproducts. A wide synthetic utility of the developed approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of trisubstituted, tetrasubstituted and fused pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Shabalin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St, Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
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37
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Ding Y, Ma R, Xiao XQ, Wang L, Wang Z, Ma Y. Sustainable Four-Component Annulation for the Synthesis of 2,3,4,6-Tetraarylpyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3897-3906. [PMID: 33595303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot, four-component annulation of 2,3,4,6-tetraarylpyridines from aromatic aldehydes, methyl ketones, diaryl ethanones, and ammonium acetate is described. The reaction features high functional group compatibility in air under solvent-free conditions without any additive and only water as the nontoxic byproduct, providing a strategy for the facile, economical, and eco-friendly construction of multiaryl-substituted pyridines from simple and readily available reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ding
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P R China
| | - Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P R China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P R China
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38
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Iron-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with enaminones toward functionalized pyridines. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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39
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Liu YY, Wei Y, Huang ZH, Liu Y. Mild and efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of oximes with 2-aminobenzyl alcohols at room temperature: synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:659-666. [PMID: 33399162 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient ligand-free Cu-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines via oxidative cyclization of oxime acetates with 2-aminobenzyl alcohols at room temperature has been developed. The presented approach provides a new synthetic pathway leading to polysubstituted quinolines with good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. Moreover, this transformation can be applied for the preparation of quinolines on a gram scale. Oxime acetates serve as the internal oxidants in the reactions, thus making this method very attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Liu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
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40
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Xu Z, Chen H, Deng GJ, Huang H. Copper-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 3] Annulations of Arylketoximes and o-Fluorobenzaldehydes: An Entry to Quinoline Compounds. Org Lett 2021; 23:936-942. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hongbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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41
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Xie RJ, Liu JH, Zhang QY, Yang YJ, Song LQ, Shao TQ, Liu KX, Zhu YP. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative domino cyclization of methyl azaarenes with 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4-diones and pyrazol-5-amines: access to dipyrimidine/dipyrazolo-fused pyridines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An aerobic copper-catalyzed oxidative domino cyclization of methyl azaarenes with 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4-diones and pyrazol-5-amines for the synthesis of dipyrimidine/dipyrazolo-fused pyridines was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ji Xie
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Jun-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Qiu-Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Yi-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Li-Qun Song
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Tian-Qi Shao
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Kai-Xuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
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42
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Konno H, Mihara H, Watanabe Y. Preparation of Pyridine Derivatives from the Corresponding 5-Acetal-1-carbonyl Compounds by Acid Promoted Cyclization. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Liu T, Xu F, Liu X, Huang Z, Long L, Xu G, Xiao H, Chen Z. Switching the Regioselectivity Access to Pyrroles and Isoquinolines from Ketoxime Acetates and Ynals. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31473-31484. [PMID: 33324860 PMCID: PMC7726942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel formal [3+2] and [4+2] annulation of ketoxime acetates and ynals for the synthesis of pyrroles and isoquinolines has been developed. By simply switching the catalyst and solvent, the reaction proceeds via two pathways. The reactions are achieved under mild conditions with broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity.
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44
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Liu Y, Luo W, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Xu X, Wang C, Li P. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Formal [5 + 1] Cycloaddition of N-Tosyl Vinylaziridines with Difluoroalkyl Halides. Org Lett 2020; 22:9658-9664. [PMID: 33236913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light photoredox-catalyzed formal [5 + 1] cycloaddition of N-tosyl vinylaziridines with difluoroalkyl halides as unique C1 synthons was developed. The procedure provides an efficient and practical method to synthesize diverse pyridines in moderate to good yields. The reaction underwent a radical-initiated kinetically controlled ring-opening of vinylaziridines and involved a key α,β-unsaturated imine intermediate, followed by an E2 elimination, a 6π electrocyclization, and defluorinated aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Liu
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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45
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Du F, Li S, Jiang K, Zeng R, Pan X, Lan Y, Chen Y, Wei Y. Iron‐Catalyzed Radical Relay Enabling the Modular Synthesis of Fused Pyridines from Alkyne‐Tethered Oximes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shi‐Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xi‐Chun Pan
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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46
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Du F, Li S, Jiang K, Zeng R, Pan X, Lan Y, Chen Y, Wei Y. Iron‐Catalyzed Radical Relay Enabling the Modular Synthesis of Fused Pyridines from Alkyne‐Tethered Oximes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23755-23762. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shi‐Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xi‐Chun Pan
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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47
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Rakshit A, Kumar P, Alam T, Dhara H, Patel BK. Visible-Light-Accelerated Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Addition/Cyclization of Arylboronic Acids to γ- and β-Ketodinitriles for the Construction of 3-Cyanopyridines and 3-Cyanopyrrole Analogues. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12482-12504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendranath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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48
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Pal T, Lahiri GK, Maiti D. Copper in Efficient Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles with Single Heteroatom. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Pal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan
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49
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Gulati U, Rajesh UC, Rawat DS. Magnetically recoverable Ni@CuI hybrid nanocatalysts affording spiropyrroline heterocycles from ketoximes and alkenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Gulati
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - U. Chinna Rajesh
- Department of ChemistryIndiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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50
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Duan J, Zhang L, Xu G, Chen H, Ding X, Mao Y, Rong B, Zhu N, Guo K. NH4I-Triggered [4 + 2] Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketoxime Acetates with N-Acetyl Enamides for the Synthesis of Pyridines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8157-8165. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindian Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Gaochen Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Heming Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ding
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yiyang Mao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Binsen Rong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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