1
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Feng K, Raguram ER, Howard JR, Peters E, Liu C, Sigman MS, Buchwald SL. Development of a Deactivation-Resistant Dialkylbiarylphosphine Ligand for Pd-Catalyzed Arylation of Secondary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26609-26615. [PMID: 39288263 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of N-heteroarenes in small-molecule pharmaceuticals, Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides and amines containing these rings remain challenging due to their ability to displace the supporting ligand via coordination to the metal center. To address this limitation, we report the development of a highly robust Pd catalyst supported by a new dialkylbiarylphosphine ligand, FPhos. The FPhos-supported catalyst effectively resists N-heteroarene-mediated catalyst deactivation to readily promote C-N coupling between a wide variety of Lewis-basic aryl halides and secondary amines, including densely functionalized pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic and structural investigations, as well as principal component analysis and density functional theory, elucidated two key design features that enable FPhos to overcome the limitations of previous ligands. First, the ligated Pd complex is stabilized through its conformational preference for the O-bound isomer, which likely resists coordination by N-heteroarenes. Second, 3',5'-disubstitution on the non-phosphorus-containing ring of FPhos creates the ideal steric environment around the Pd center, which facilitates binding by larger secondary amines while mitigating the formation of off-cycle palladacycle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elaine Reichert Raguram
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James R Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ellyn Peters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cecilia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Yao J, Xiao Y, Li H, Yang X, Du J, Yin Y, Feng L, Duan W, Yu L. Palladium-Catalyzed Denitrative α-Arylation of Heteroarenes with Nitroarenes via C-H and C-NO 2 Bond Activations. Org Lett 2024; 26:7307-7312. [PMID: 39172691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A general approach for the α-arylation of heteroarenes with nitroarenes via denitrative coupling is reported for the first time. Various heteroarenes, including derivatives of furan, benzofuran, pyrrole, indole, thiophene, and benzothiophene, can be arylated at the α-position in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via a CMD pathway, with C-H bond activation as the rate-determining step. Furthermore, the scalability and applicability in the synthesis of a drug molecule exemplify the utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wengui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
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3
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Gribanov PS, Philippova AN, Topchiy MA, Lypenko DA, Dmitriev AV, Tokarev SD, Smol’yakov AF, Rodionov AN, Asachenko AF, Osipov SN. Synthesis of 5-(Aryl)amino-1,2,3-triazole-containing 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazoles via Azide-Nitrile Cycloaddition Followed by Buchwald-Hartwig Reaction. Molecules 2024; 29:2151. [PMID: 38731642 PMCID: PMC11085325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient access to the novel 5-(aryl)amino-1,2,3-triazole-containing 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives has been developed. The method is based on 1,3-dipolar azide-nitrile cycloaddition followed by Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling to afford the corresponding N-aryl and N,N-diaryl substituted 5-amino-1,2,3-triazolyl 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles under NHC-Pd catalysis. The one-pot diarylative Pd-catalyzed heterocyclization opens the straightforward route to triazole-linked carbazole-benzothiadiazole D-A systems. The optical and electrochemical properties of the compound obtained were investigated to estimate their potential application as emissive layers in OLED devises. The quantum yield of photoluminescence (PLQY) of the synthesized D-A derivatives depends to a large extent on electron-donating strengths of donor (D) component, reaching in some cases the values closed to 100%. Based on the most photoactive derivative and wide bandgap host material mCP, a light-emitting layer of OLED was made. The device showed a maximum brightness of 8000 cd/m2 at an applied voltage of 18 V. The maximum current efficiency of the device reaches a value of 3.29 cd/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S. Gribanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (S.D.T.); (A.F.S.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Anna N. Philippova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (S.D.T.); (A.F.S.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.T.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Dmitry A. Lypenko
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, Bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.L.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Artem V. Dmitriev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, Bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.L.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Sergey D. Tokarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (S.D.T.); (A.F.S.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Alexander F. Smol’yakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (S.D.T.); (A.F.S.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Alexey N. Rodionov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (S.D.T.); (A.F.S.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.T.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Sergey N. Osipov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (S.D.T.); (A.F.S.); (A.N.R.)
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4
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Samha MH, Karas LJ, Vogt DB, Odogwu EC, Elward J, Crawford JM, Steves JE, Sigman MS. Predicting success in Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions using data science. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3478. [PMID: 38232169 PMCID: PMC10793951 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Data science is assuming a pivotal role in guiding reaction optimization and streamlining experimental workloads in the evolving landscape of synthetic chemistry. A discipline-wide goal is the development of workflows that integrate computational chemistry and data science tools with high-throughput experimentation as it provides experimentalists the ability to maximize success in expensive synthetic campaigns. Here, we report an end-to-end data-driven process to effectively predict how structural features of coupling partners and ligands affect Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. The established workflow underscores the limitations posed by substrates and ligands while also providing a systematic ligand prediction tool that uses probability to assess when a ligand will be successful. This platform is strategically designed to confront the intrinsic unpredictability frequently encountered in synthetic reaction deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Samha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David B. Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Emmanuel C. Odogwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer Elward
- Molecular Design, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Crawford
- Drug Substance Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Janelle E. Steves
- Drug Substance Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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5
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Ouyang JS, Zhang X, Pan B, Zou H, Chan ASC, Qiu L. Solvent-Free Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of Heteroaryl Chlorides by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium Complex (SIPr) Ph2Pd(cin)Cl at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2023; 25:7491-7496. [PMID: 37816042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Using the robust N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium complex (SIPr)Ph2Pd(cin)Cl, a highly efficient and easy-to-operate method has been developed at room temperature for the solvent-free Buchwald-Hartwig amination of heteroaryl chlorides with various amines. The amount of catalyst can be as low as 0.05 wt %. The system was demonstrated on 47 substrates and successfully applied to the synthesis of commercial pharmaceuticals and candidate drugs with high yields. Furthermore, the protocol can be used to prepare aniline derivatives on a multigram scale without yield loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, IGCME, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xinhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, IGCME, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bendu Pan
- School of Chemistry, IGCME, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haobin Zou
- Guangdong TONESET Science & Technology Co., Ltd, No. 63 Chuangqi Road, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Albert S C Chan
- School of Chemistry, IGCME, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liqin Qiu
- School of Chemistry, IGCME, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Rinehart NI, Saunthwal RK, Wellauer J, Zahrt AF, Schlemper L, Shved AS, Bigler R, Fantasia S, Denmark SE. A machine-learning tool to predict substrate-adaptive conditions for Pd-catalyzed C-N couplings. Science 2023; 381:965-972. [PMID: 37651532 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Machine-learning methods have great potential to accelerate the identification of reaction conditions for chemical transformations. A tool that gives substrate-adaptive conditions for palladium (Pd)-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen (C-N) couplings is presented. The design and construction of this tool required the generation of an experimental dataset that explores a diverse network of reactant pairings across a set of reaction conditions. A large scope of C-N couplings was actively learned by neural network models by using a systematic process to design experiments. The models showed good performance in experimental validation: Ten products were isolated in more than 85% yield from a range of couplings with out-of-sample reactants designed to challenge the models. Importantly, the developed workflow continually improves the prediction capability of the tool as the corpus of data grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ian Rinehart
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rakesh K Saunthwal
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joël Wellauer
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F Zahrt
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lukas Schlemper
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander S Shved
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Raphael Bigler
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serena Fantasia
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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7
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Rama RJ, Maya C, Molina F, Nova A, Nicasio MC. Important Role of NH-Carbazole in Aryl Amination Reactions Catalyzed by 2-Aminobiphenyl Palladacycles. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3934-3948. [PMID: 36970467 PMCID: PMC10029719 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminobiphenyl palladacycles are among the most successful precatalysts for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, including aryl amination. However, the role of NH-carbazole, a byproduct of precatalyst activation, remains poorly understood. Herein, the mechanism of the aryl amination reactions catalyzed by a cationic 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycle supported by a terphenyl phosphine ligand, PCyp2ArXyl2 (Cyp = cyclopentyl; ArXyl2 = 2,6-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phenyl), P1, has been thoroughly investigated. Combining computational and experimental studies, we found that the Pd(II) oxidative addition intermediate reacts with NH-carbazole in the presence of the base (NaO t Bu) to yield a stable aryl carbazolyl Pd(II) complex. This species functions as the catalyst resting state, providing the amount of monoligated LPd(0) species required for catalysis and minimizing Pd decomposition. In the case of a reaction with aniline, an equilibrium between the carbazolyl complex and the on-cycle anilido analogue is established, which allows for a fast reaction at room temperature. In contrast, heating is required in a reaction with alkylamines, whose deprotonation involves coordination to the Pd center. A microkinetic model was built combining computational and experimental data to validate the mechanistic proposals. In conclusion, our study shows that despite the rate reduction observed in some reactions by the formation of the aryl carbazolyl Pd(II) complex, this species reduces catalyst decomposition and could be considered an alternative precatalyst in cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel J. Rama
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ainara Nova
- Department of Chemistry, Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Zhou F, Zhang L, Hu W, Yuan B, Shi JC. A General Catalyst for Buchwald-Hartwig Amination to Prepare Secondary Five-Membered Heteroaryl Amines with Breaking the Base Barrier. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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9
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Reichert EC, Feng K, Sather AC, Buchwald SL. Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Base-Sensitive Five-Membered Heteroaryl Halides with Aliphatic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3323-3329. [PMID: 36719903 PMCID: PMC9988406 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile and functional-group-tolerant method for the Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling of five-membered heteroaryl halides with primary and secondary amines, an important but underexplored transformation. Coupling reactions of challenging, pharmaceutically relevant heteroarenes, such as 2-H-1,3-azoles, are reported in good-to-excellent yields. High-yielding coupling reactions of a wide set of five-membered heteroaryl halides with sterically demanding α-branched cyclic amines and acyclic secondary amines are reported for the first time. The key to the broad applicability of this method is the synergistic combination of (1) the moderate-strength base NaOTMS, which limits base-mediated decomposition of sensitive five-membered heteroarenes that ultimately leads to catalyst deactivation, and (2) the use of a GPhos-supported Pd catalyst, which effectively resists heteroarene-induced catalyst deactivation while promoting efficient coupling, even for challenging and sterically demanding amines. Cross-coupling reactions between a wide variety of five-membered heteroaryl halides and amines are demonstrated, including eight examples involving densely functionalized medicinal chemistry building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kaibo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C Sather
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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de Gombert A, Darù A, Ahmed TS, Haibach MC, Li-Matsuura R, Yang C, Henry RF, Cook SP, Shekhar S, Blackmond DG. Mechanistic Insight into Cu-Catalyzed C–N Coupling of Hindered Aryl Iodides and Anilines Using a Pyrrol-ol Ligand Enables Development of Mild and Homogeneous Reaction Conditions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Gombert
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrea Darù
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tonia S. Ahmed
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rei Li-Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Cassie Yang
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rodger F. Henry
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Donna G. Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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11
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Martinek N, Morrison KM, Field JM, Fisher SA, Stradiotto M. Comparative Screening of DalPhos/Ni Catalysts in C-N Cross-couplings of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides Enables Development of Aminopyrazole Cross-couplings with Amine Base. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203394. [PMID: 36331074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A systematic competitive evaluation of the DalPhos ligand family in nickel-catalyzed N-arylation chemistry is reported, involving primary (linear and branched) and secondary alkylamines, as well as a primary five-membered heteroarylamine (aminopyrazole), in combination with a diverse set of test electrophiles and bases (NaOtBu, K2 CO3 , DBU/NaTFA). In addition to providing optimal ligand/catalyst identification, and bringing to light methodology limitations (e. g., unwanted C-O cross-coupling with NaOtBu), our survey enabled the development of the first efficient catalyst system for heteroatom-dense C-N cross-coupling of aminopyrazoles and related nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl chlorides by use of an amine 'dual-base' system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martinek
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Justin M Field
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel A Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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12
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Fan R, Kuai M, Lin D, Bauer F, Fang W. A General C–N Cross-Coupling to Synthesize Heteroaryl Amines Using a Palladacyclic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:8688-8693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqian Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Meiying Kuai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Felix Bauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037 Nanjing, China
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13
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Fordham JM, Kollmus P, Cavegn M, Schneider R, Santagostino M. A "Pool and Split" Approach to the Optimization of Challenging Pd-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4400-4414. [PMID: 35263990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A screening method for the rapid identification of catalytic conditions for Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions is reported. The strategy evaluates mixtures of precatalysts, ligands, and bases to identify productive conditions that are subsequently optimized through two deconvolution steps, which uncover the active catalyst and identify the optimal solvent and base for the catalytic system. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated through application to a previously reported reaction, whereby both the literature conditions and additional solutions were retrieved. The same approach to Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling was investigated in parallel but was found to be less successful due to limited activity of the evaluated reagent combinations. Finally, the utility of this method was showcased by identifying effective conditions for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of complex molecules, which not only revealed nonobvious solutions for the processes under evaluation but also resulted in the discovery of new chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Fordham
- Chemical Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Philipp Kollmus
- Chemical Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Monika Cavegn
- Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Regina Schneider
- Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Marco Santagostino
- Chemical Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
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14
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Karimi M, Gabbaï FP. Photoreductive Elimination of PhCl Across the Dinuclear Core of a [GePt] VI Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadjavad Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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15
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Astakhov AV, Chernenko AY, Kutyrev VV, Ranny GS, Minyaev ME, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Selective Buchwald–Hartwig arylation of C-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and other coordinating aminoheterocycles enabled by bulky NHC ligands and TPEDO activator. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for selective N-(hetero)arylation of coordinating 3(5)-amino-1,2,4-triazoles under Pd/NHC catalysis using TPEDO as a new efficient Pd(ii) to Pd(0) reductant has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, (NPI), Prosvescheniya st., 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Chernenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, (NPI), Prosvescheniya st., 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Kutyrev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, (NPI), Prosvescheniya st., 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Gleb S. Ranny
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, (NPI), Prosvescheniya st., 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, (NPI), Prosvescheniya st., 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, (NPI), Prosvescheniya st., 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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16
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Li DH, Lan XB, Song AX, Rahman MM, Xu C, Huang FD, Szostak R, Szostak M, Liu FS. Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of Coordinating Heterocycles Enabled by Large-but-Flexible Pd-BIAN-NHC Catalysts*. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103341. [PMID: 34773313 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new class of large-but-flexible Pd-BIAN-NHC catalysts (BIAN=acenaphthoimidazolylidene, NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) has been rationally designed to enable the challenging Buchwald-Hartwig amination of coordinating heterocycles. This robust class of BIAN-NHC catalysts permits cross-coupling under practical aerobic conditions of a variety of heterocycles with aryl, alkyl, and heteroarylamines, including historically challenging oxazoles and thiazoles as well as electron-deficient heterocycles containing multiple heteroatoms with BIAN-INon (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(4-heptyl)phenyl)-7H-acenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-8-ylidene) as the most effective ligand. Studies on the ligand structure and electronic properties of the carbene center are reported. The study should facilitate the discovery of even more active catalyst systems based on the unique BIAN-NHC scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 423000, P. R. China
| | - A-Xiang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Dong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
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17
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A terphenyl phosphine as a highly efficient ligand for palladium-catalysed amination of aryl halides with 1° anilines. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions are powerful synthetic tools to construct diverse chemical bonds often found in, for example, advanced materials and pharmaceuticals. Since their discovery, haloarenes have habitually been used as electrophilic coupling partners both in academic and industrial contexts. However, concerning the efficiency and the often-negative environmental impact of haloarene-based cross-coupling processes, more readily available, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly electrophiles have been explored.Nitroarenes, for example, are obtained from the facile nitration of aromatic compounds and, thus, represent one of the most easy-to-access feedstock electrophiles. Furthermore, their electron-deficient arene core can be functionalized easily and site-selectively through a wide variety of reactions. Yet, despite these advantages and even though the direct transformation of the NO2 group would be an attractive option in cross-coupling chemistry, it has so far remained difficult to convert nitroarenes via a cleavage of the Ar-NO2 bond given the inherent reactivity (or the lack thereof) of the nitro group. Such denitrative conversion has been performed by a conventional sequence of reduction, diazotization, and Sandmeyer reactions, which severely lacks efficiency and generality.This Account summarizes our recent research progress on cross-coupling reactions that employ nitroarenes as electrophiles. First, we developed the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of nitroarenes using a palladium/BrettPhos catalyst. This reaction proceeds via an (at the time) unprecedented oxidative addition of the Ar-NO2 bond, which was supported by experimental results and theoretical calculations. A widely accepted catalytic cycle for Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings has since been extended to include nitroarenes as electrophiles, which significantly increases substrate generality. Second, this denitrative coupling protocol was applied to various bond-forming reactions, namely, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, etherification, and hydrogenation reactions. Such diversification has enhanced the utility of nitroarenes as cross-coupling partners. To develop each reaction, it was necessary to modify the reaction conditions as required to overcome the obstacles deriving from nitro functionality including transmetalation and side reactions, as well as oxidative addition. Third, we designed a new Pd/NHC catalyst that exhibits higher activity than Pd/BrettPhos. The improved performance of Pd/NHC system was supported by its strong electron-donicity and structural robustness, and it allows the reduction of the catalyst loading significantly, thus increasing the efficacy and practicality of this method.The field of nitroarene-based cross-coupling has just started to flourish. In addition to our original work, several research groups have already adopted Pd/BrettPhos or Pd/NHC catalysts to develop new denitrative functionalizations. The utility of nitroarenes in the context of organic synthesis should be now revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuto Kashihara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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19
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Ouyang JS, Liu S, Pan B, Zhang Y, Liang H, Chen B, He X, Chan WTK, Chan ASC, Sun TY, Wu YD, Qiu L. A Bulky and Electron-Rich N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium Complex (SIPr)Ph2Pd(cin)Cl: Highly Efficient and Versatile for the Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides with (Hetero)aryl Amines at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bendu Pan
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao Liang
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liqin Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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20
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Wang X, Liu WG, Liu LT, Yang XD, Niu S, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Palladium-Catalyzed Desymmetric Intermolecular C-N Coupling Enabled by a Chiral Monophosphine Ligand Derived from Anthracene Photodimer. Org Lett 2021; 23:5485-5490. [PMID: 34228467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of chiral ligands with privileged scaffolds plays an important role in transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Herein we present anthracene-photodimer-derived chiral monophosphine ligand 1, which features dual chirality and a rigid scaffold. This ligand exhibits remarkable efficiency in Pd-catalyzed desymmetric intermolecular C-N coupling under mild conditions with excellent chemo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lan-Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Xiao-Di Yang
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsushita
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Myuto Kashihara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michele Formica
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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22
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He J, Yang Z, Li W, Wei Y, Dai B, Zhao J, Liu P. Pd‐Catalyzed
N
‐Arylations of 3‐Aryl‐1‐tosyl‐1
H
‐pyrazol‐5‐amines with Arylbromides and the Migration of Ts Group. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
| | - Yueting Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 P.R. China
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23
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Hu J, Hong H, Qin Y, Hu Y, Pu S, Liang G, Huang Y. Electrochemical Desulfurative Cyclization Accessing Oxazol-2-amine Derivatives via Intermolecular C-N/C-O Bond Formation. Org Lett 2021; 23:1016-1020. [PMID: 33475369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol has been established to access diverse oxazol-2-amine derivatives in one step via the electrochemical desulfurative cyclization of isothiocyanates and α-amino ketones. On the basis of the cycle of in situ generation of iodine/desulfurative cyclization/iodide anion regeneration, the reaction is performed under metal-free and external-oxidant-free electrolytic conditions to achieve the formation of intermolecular C-O and C-N bonds, providing oxazol-2-amines in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Huanliang Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yongwei Qin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Pu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Gen Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
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24
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Galushko AS, Prima DO, Burykina JV, Ananikov VP. Comparative study of aryl halides in Pd-mediated reactions: key factors beyond the oxidative addition step. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The comparative experimental study of Ar–X (X = Cl, Br, I) reactivity and analysis reported herein suggest that oxidative addition cannot be considered the sole reason of the observed low reactivity of aryl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Galushko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Darya O. Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
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25
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Magnetic acyclovir-copper nanoparticle: DFT study and application as an efficient, magnetically separable and recyclable catalyst for N-arylation of amines under green condition. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Ponce-de-León J, Infante R, Pérez-Iglesias M, Espinet P. Fluorinated vs Nonfluorinated PR2(biaryl) Ligands and Their [AuCl(L)] Complexes: Synthesis, X-ray Structures, and Computational Study of Weak Interactions. Bond, No Bond, and Beyond. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16599-16610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Ponce-de-León
- IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Infante
- IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marı́a Pérez-Iglesias
- IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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27
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Chen X, Lin J, Wang B, Tian X. Nickel-Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck/Amination Cascade Reactions of o-Dihaloarenes with Allylamines: Synthesis of Indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:7704-7708. [PMID: 32910665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Mizoroki-Heck/amination cascade reaction of o-dihaloarenes with allylamines has been developed using nickel and IPr carbene ligand as catalyst. This protocol enables the synthesis of a broad range of substituted indoles by a cascade process, from readily available starting materials. Mechanistic studies suggest that the Mizoroki-Heck reaction occurred first under IPr-nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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28
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McCann SD, Reichert EC, Arrechea PL, Buchwald SL. Development of an Aryl Amination Catalyst with Broad Scope Guided by Consideration of Catalyst Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15027-15037. [PMID: 32786769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new dialkylbiaryl monophosphine ligand, GPhos, that supports a palladium catalyst capable of promoting carbon-nitrogen cross-coupling reactions between a variety of primary amines and aryl halides; in many cases, these reactions can be carried out at room temperature. The reaction development was guided by the idea that the productivity of catalysts employing BrettPhos-like ligands is limited by their lack of stability at room temperature. Specifically, it was hypothesized that primary amine and N-heteroaromatic substrates can displace the phosphine ligand, leading to the formation of catalytically dormant palladium complexes that reactivate only upon heating. This notion was supported by the synthesis and kinetic study of a putative off-cycle Pd complex. Consideration of this off-cycle species, together with the identification of substrate classes that are not effectively coupled at room temperature using previous catalysts, led to the design of a new dialkylbiaryl monophosphine ligand. An Ot-Bu substituent was added ortho to the dialkylphosphino group of the ligand framework to improve the stability of the most active catalyst conformer. To offset the increased size of this substituent, we also removed the para i-Pr group of the non-phosphorus-containing ring, which allowed the catalyst to accommodate binding of even very large α-tertiary primary amine nucleophiles. In comparison to previous catalysts, the GPhos-supported catalyst exhibits better reactivity both under ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures. Its use allows for the coupling of a range of amine nucleophiles, including (1) unhindered, (2) five-membered-ring N-heterocycle-containing, and (3) α-tertiary primary amines, each of which previously required a different catalyst to achieve optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D McCann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elaine C Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pedro Luis Arrechea
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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Till NA, Tian L, Dong Z, Scholes GD, MacMillan DWC. Mechanistic Analysis of Metallaphotoredox C–N Coupling: Photocatalysis Initiates and Perpetuates Ni(I)/Ni(III) Coupling Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15830-15841. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Till
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zhe Dong
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W. C. MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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30
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Azzali E, Girardini M, Annunziato G, Pavone M, Vacondio F, Mori G, Pasca MR, Costantino G, Pieroni M. 2-Aminooxazole as a Novel Privileged Scaffold in Antitubercular Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1435-1441. [PMID: 32676151 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain effective eradication of numerous infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, it is important to supply the medicinal chemistry arsenal with novel chemical agents. Isosterism and bioisosterism are widely known concepts in the field of early drug discovery, and in several cases, rational isosteric replacements have contributed to improved efficacy and physicochemical characteristics throughout the hit-to-lead optimization process. However, sometimes the synthesis of isosteres might not be as straightforward as that of the parent compounds, and therefore, novel synthetic strategies must be elaborated. In this regard, we herein report the evaluation of a series of N-substituted 4-phenyl-2-aminooxazoles that, despite being isosteres of a widely used nucleus such as the 2-aminothiazole, have been only seldom explored. After elaboration of a convenient synthetic strategy, a small set of 2-aminothiazoles and their 2-aminooxazole counterparts were compared with regard to antitubercular activity and physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federica Vacondio
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) “G. Casnati”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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31
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Li G, Nykaza TV, Cooper JC, Ramirez A, Luzung MR, Radosevich AT. An Improved P III/P V═O-Catalyzed Reductive C-N Coupling of Nitroaromatics and Boronic Acids by Mechanistic Differentiation of Rate- and Product-Determining Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6786-6799. [PMID: 32178514 PMCID: PMC7146866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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Experimental,
spectroscopic, and computational studies are reported
that provide an evidence-based mechanistic description of an intermolecular
reductive C–N coupling of nitroarenes and arylboronic acids
catalyzed by a redox-active main-group catalyst (1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane P-oxide, i.e., 1·[O]). The central observations
include the following: (1) catalytic reduction of 1·[O]
to PIII phosphetane 1 is kinetically fast
under conditions of catalysis; (2) phosphetane 1 represents
the catalytic resting state as observed by 31P NMR spectroscopy;
(3) there are no long-lived nitroarene partial-reduction intermediates
observable by 15N NMR spectroscopy; (4) the reaction is
sensitive to solvent dielectric, performing best in moderately polar
solvents (viz. cyclopentylmethyl ether); and (5) the reaction is largely
insensitive with respect to common hydrosilane reductants. On the
basis of the foregoing studies, new modified catalytic conditions
are described that expand the reaction scope and provide for mild
temperatures (T ≥ 60 °C), low catalyst
loadings (≥2 mol%), and innocuous terminal reductants (polymethylhydrosiloxane).
DFT calculations define a two-stage deoxygenation sequence for the
reductive C–N coupling. The initial deoxygenation involves
a rate-determining step that consists of a (3+1) cheletropic addition
between the nitroarene substrate and phosphetane 1; energy
decomposition techniques highlight the biphilic character of the phosphetane
in this step. Although kinetically invisible, the second deoxygenation
stage is implicated as the critical C–N product-forming event,
in which a postulated oxazaphosphirane intermediate is diverted from
arylnitrene dissociation toward heterolytic ring opening with the
arylboronic acid; the resulting dipolar intermediate evolves by antiperiplanar
1,2-migration of the organoboron residue to nitrogen, resulting in
displacement of 1·[O] and formation of the target
C–N coupling product upon in situ hydrolysis.
The method thus described constitutes a mechanistically well-defined
and operationally robust main-group complement to the current workhorse
transition-metal-based methods for catalytic intermolecular C–N
coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trevor V Nykaza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael R Luzung
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Zhao B, Shang R, Wang GZ, Wang S, Chen H, Fu Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Dual Ligand-Enabled Alkylation of Silyl Enol Ether and Enamide under Irradiation: Scope, Mechanism, and Theoretical Elucidation of Hybrid Alkyl Pd(I)-Radical Species. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rui Shang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Guang-Zu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shaohong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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33
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Thakore RR, Takale BS, Gallou F, Reilly J, Lipshutz BH. N,C-Disubstituted Biarylpalladacycles as Precatalysts for ppm Pd-Catalyzed Cross Couplings in Water under Mild Conditions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita R. Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - John Reilly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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34
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Wagen CC, Ingoglia BT, Buchwald SL. Unexpected Formation of Hexasubstituted Arenes through a 2-fold Palladium-Mediated Ligand Arylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12672-12679. [PMID: 31512875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rearrangement reaction of biarylphosphine-supported Pd(II) complexes was employed to synthesize 1,3,5-triaryl 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzene compounds, a class of molecules that has not previously been reported. The strain of the central hexasubstituted ring was investigated via X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin C Wagen
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Bryan T Ingoglia
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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35
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Pérez-Iglesias M, Infante R, Casares JA, Espinet P. Intriguing Behavior of an Apparently Simple Coupling Promoter Ligand, PPh2(p-C6H4–C6F5), in Their Pd Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez-Iglesias
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Infante
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Ingoglia BT, Wagen CC, Buchwald SL. Biaryl Monophosphine Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed C-N Coupling: An Updated User's Guide. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:4199-4211. [PMID: 31896889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become a mainstay of organic synthesis. In particular, catalysts derived from biaryl monophosphines have shown wide utility in forming C-N bonds under mild reaction conditions. This work summarizes a variety of C-N cross-coupling reactions using biaryl monophosphines as supporting ligands, with the goal of directing synthetic chemists towards the ligands and conditions best suited for a particular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Ingoglia
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Corin C Wagen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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38
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Clark JSK, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Stradiotto M. PAd2‐DalPhos Enables the Nickel‐Catalyzed C−N Cross‐Coupling of Primary Heteroarylamines and (Hetero)aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6391-6395. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S. K. Clark
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray Crystallography LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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39
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Dennis JM, White NA, Liu RY, Buchwald SL. Pd-Catalyzed C-N Coupling Reactions Facilitated by Organic Bases: Mechanistic Investigation Leads to Enhanced Reactivity in the Arylation of Weakly Binding Amines. ACS Catal 2019; 9:3822-3830. [PMID: 31649828 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to use soluble organic amine bases in Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions has provided a long-awaited solution to the many issues associated with employing traditional, heterogeneous reaction conditions. However, little is known about the precise function of these bases in the catalytic cycle and about the effect of variations in base structure on catalyst reactivity. We used 19F NMR to analyze the kinetic behavior of C-N coupling reactions facilitated by different organic bases. In the case of aniline coupling reactions employing DBU, the resting state was a DBU-bound oxidative addition complex, LPd(DBU)(Ar)X, and the reaction was found to be inhibited by base. In general, however, depending on the binding properties of the chosen organic base, increased concentration of the base can have a positive or negative influence on the reaction rate. Furthermore, the electronic nature of the aryl triflate employed in the reaction directly affects the reaction rate. The fastest reaction rates were observed with electronically neutral aryl triflates, while the slowest were observed with highly electron-rich and -deficient substrates. We propose a model in which the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle depends on the relative nucleophilicity of the base compared to that of the amine. This hypothesis guided the discovery of new reaction conditions for the coupling of weakly binding amines, including secondary aryl amines, which were unreactive nucleophiles in our original protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas A. White
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Y. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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40
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Clark JSK, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Stradiotto M. PAd2‐DalPhos Enables the Nickel‐Catalyzed C−N Cross‐Coupling of Primary Heteroarylamines and (Hetero)aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S. K. Clark
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray Crystallography LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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41
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Synthesis of 2-substituted oxazoloquinazolinones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Wang X, Tang Y, Long CY, Dong WK, Li C, Xu X, Zhao W, Wang XQ. Nucleophilic Amination and Etherification of Aryl Alkyl Thioethers. Org Lett 2018; 20:4749-4753. [PMID: 30052455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free protocol capable of synthesizing diarylated aniline derivatives is reported. This method could be further employed to prepare aryl alkyl ethers. A wide range of thioethers, anilines, as well as alcohols were tolerated thanks to the mild reaction conditions. The strength of our method was demonstrated by performing a gram-scale reaction (20 mmol) followed by conversion of the nitrile group into synthetically useful aldehyde, ketone, and carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- College of Chemical Engineering , Northwest Minzu University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730030 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ke Dong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
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43
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Huang FD, Xu C, Lu DD, Shen DS, Li T, Liu FS. Pd-PEPPSI-IPentAn Promoted Deactivated Amination of Aryl Chlorides with Amines under Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9144-9155. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Dong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Dong-Dong Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
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44
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Dennis JM, White NA, Liu RY, Buchwald SL. Breaking the Base Barrier: An Electron-Deficient Palladium Catalyst Enables the Use of a Common Soluble Base in C-N Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4721-4725. [PMID: 29529363 PMCID: PMC5894476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the low intrinsic acidity of amines, palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling has been plagued continuously by the necessity to employ strong, inorganic, or insoluble bases. To surmount the many practical obstacles associated with these reagents, we utilized a commercially available dialkyl triarylmonophosphine-supported palladium catalyst that facilitates a broad range of C-N coupling reactions in the presence of weak, soluble bases. The mild and general reaction conditions show extraordinary tolerance for even highly base-sensitive functional groups. Additionally, insightful heteronuclear NMR studies using 15N-labeled amine complexes provide evidence for the key acidifying effect of the cationic palladium center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Y. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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Organic synthesis provides opportunities to transform drug discovery. Nat Chem 2018; 10:383-394. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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