1
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Wei K, Tang C, Ma H, Fang X, Yang R. 3D-printed microrobots for biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4301-4334. [PMID: 39041236 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microrobots, which can perform tasks in difficult-to-reach parts of the human body under their own or external power supply, are potential tools for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, microsurgery, imaging and monitoring, tissue engineering, and sensors and actuators. Compared with traditional fabrication methods for microrobots, recent improvements in 3D printers enable them to print high-precision microrobots, breaking through the limitations of traditional micromanufacturing technologies that require high skills for operators and greatly shortening the design-to-production cycle. Here, this review first introduces typical 3D printing technologies used in microrobot manufacturing. Then, the structures of microrobots with different functions and application scenarios are discussed. Next, we summarize the materials (body materials, propulsion materials and intelligent materials) used in 3D microrobot manufacturing to complete body construction and realize biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, imaging and monitoring). Finally, the challenges and future prospects of 3D printed microrobots in biomedical applications are discussed in terms of materials, manufacturing and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Chenlong Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xingmiao Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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2
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Kaymak P, Yang M, Benkő Z. A quest for stable phosphonyl radicals: limitations and possibilities of carbocyclic backbones and bulky substituents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13930-13945. [PMID: 37753839 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphonyl radicals play an important role as transient species in many chemical transformations, such as photoinitiated polymerisation reactions, permanently stable phosphonyl radicals are yet to be discovered. In this computational study, we aim at a conceptual understanding of the electronic effects influencing the stabilities of phosphonyl radicals through computing radical stabilisation energies (RSEs) for a large set of phosphonyl radicals with carbocyclic backbones. The studied radicals exhibit ring sizes varying from 3- to 7-membered with full saturation or different grades of unsaturation adjacent to the P-centre in an endo or exocyclic fashion. To gain deeper insight into the stabilisation effects and delocalisation, the geometrical aspects, electronic structures, and spin distributions of the radicals were scrutinised. The five-membered, fully unsaturated ring (phospholyl oxide), which has a planar structure, offers the most substantial electronic stabilisation. By embedding this ring into a more extended π-system, the possibility of gaining further stabilisation was also explored. To screen the effect of steric congestion on the stabilities of previously selected radicals toward dimerisation, a large number of bulky substituents with different sizes and shapes were systematically investigated. Our results outline that stable phosphonyl radicals seem accessible, provided that the electronic stabilisation effects are supplemented by well-designed bulky substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kaymak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Li M, Hu P, Zhu J, Liu R, Li Z. Unimolecular Benzodioxole-based Photoinitiators for Free Radical and Cationic Photopolymerization Under LED Light Irradiation. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2022. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.35.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University
| | - Ren Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University
| | - Zhiquan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology
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4
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Kamm PW, Rodrigues LL, Walden SL, Blinco JP, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. Sequence-independent activation of photocycloadditions using two colours of light. Chem Sci 2022; 13:531-535. [PMID: 35126985 PMCID: PMC8729803 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploit two reactive chromophores to establish sequence-independent photochemical activation, employing ortho-methyl benzaldehyde (oMBA) and N,N-(dimethylamino)pyrene aryl tetrazole (APAT) with N-(2-hydroxy)ethyl maleimide (NHEM), without any additives. Critically, the order of the irradiation sequence is irrelevant, as the shorter wavelength does not activate the higher wavelength activated species. Therefore, full sequence-independent λ-orthogonality is achieved through differences in both the reaction quantum yields (Φ r,oMBA and Φ r,APAT) and wavelength-dependent reactivity profiles of the employed chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W Kamm
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Geb. 30.44 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Leona L Rodrigues
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Geb. 30.44 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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5
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Altinkok C, Acik G, Karabulut HRF, Ciftci M, Tasdelen MA, Dag A. Synthesis and characterization of bile
acid‐based
polymeric micelle as a drug carrier for doxorubicin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Altinkok
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters Piri Reis University Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Yalova University Yalova Turkey
| | - Aydan Dag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Bezmialem Vakif University Istanbul Turkey
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6
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Xu Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xue S. Radical Photopolymerization Using 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole Derivatives Prepared via One-Pot Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20902-20911. [PMID: 34423198 PMCID: PMC8374902 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radical photopolymerization has attracted significant attention for manufacturing products with complicated structures. Herein, the synthesized 1,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrole[3,2-b]pyrrole (PyBN) is found to show varying photoactivity upon irradiation at different wavelengths. PyBN affords two main absorption bands, and its maximum absorption peak is at 462 nm, attributing to its strong intramolecular charge transfer property based on the donor-acceptor structure. It efficiently photoinitiates the radical photopolymerization of different (meth)acrylate materials under 365 and 395 nm LED irradiation. The highest double bond conversion of 99.86% is achieved for these materials. Under 470 nm LED, PyBN does not show molecular structure change from photolysis results as a result of intramolecular charge transfer. Therefore, PyBN shows wavelength-selective photoactivity with potential application in dual-wavelength volumetric additive manufacturing. A unique solid product is successfully fabricated using a 365 nm LED with co-irradiation of a 470 nm LED. Additionally, PyBN incorporating camphorquinone (CQ) as a two-component visible light photoinitiator system is investigated under 470 nm LED irradiation. As PyBN has a charge transfer activity at 470 nm, the combination with CQ exhibits a good synergistic interaction. Besides nitro-based PyBN, a methyl-based PyBC was prepared as a reference compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Stuckhardt C, Wissing M, Studer A. Photo Click Reaction of Acylsilanes with Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18605-18611. [PMID: 34129264 PMCID: PMC8456837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Light-mediated coupling of acylsilanes with indoles is reported. This photo click reaction occurs under mild conditions (415 nm) mostly in quantitative yield and provides stable silylated N,O-acetals via light mediated siloxycarbene generation with subsequent indole-N-H insertion. We show that this very efficient and fully atom economic coupling process can be applied to conjugate complex systems, as documented by the clicking of carbohydrates with indole alkaloids. The method is also applicable to the conjugation of polymer chains. The linking acetal moiety can be readily cleaved and it is also shown that wavelength-selective coupling and cleavage with acyl silanes bearing a second photoactive moiety is possible. This is documented by a successful polymerization/depolymerization sequence and by a polymer folding/unfolding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Stuckhardt
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Maren Wissing
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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8
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Stuckhardt C, Wissing M, Studer A. Photo Click Reaction of Acylsilanes with Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Stuckhardt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Maren Wissing
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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9
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Marshall DL, Menzel JP, McKinnon BI, Blinco JP, Trevitt AJ, Barner-Kowollik C, Blanksby SJ. Laser Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy for the Wavelength-Dependent Evaluation of Photoligation Reactions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8091-8098. [PMID: 34019383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition is a widely used class of photoligation. Optimizing the reaction outcome requires detailed knowledge of the tetrazole photoactivation profile, which can only partially be ascertained from absorption spectroscopy, or otherwise involves laborious reaction monitoring in solution. Photodissociation action spectroscopy (PDAS) combines the advantages of optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in that only absorption events resulting in a mass change are recorded, thus revealing the desired wavelength dependence of product formation. Moreover, the sensitivity and selectivity afforded by the mass spectrometer enable reliable assessment of the photodissociation profile even on small amounts of crude material, thus accelerating the design and synthesis of next-generation substrates. Using this workflow, we demonstrate that the photodissociation onset for nitrile imine formation is red-shifted by ca. 50 nm with a novel N-ethylcarbazole derivative relative to a phenyl-substituted archetype. Benchmarked against solution-phase tunable laser experiments and supported by quantum chemical calculations, these discoveries demonstrate that PDAS is a powerful tool for rapidly screening the efficacy of new substrates in the quest toward efficient visible light-triggered ligation for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jan P Menzel
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Benjamin I McKinnon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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10
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Abstract
3D printing (also called "additive manufacturing" or "rapid prototyping") is able to translate computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through a layer-by-layer deposition approach. Since its introduction, 3D printing has aroused enormous interest among researchers and engineers to understand the fabrication process and composition-structure-property correlation of printed 3D objects and unleash its great potential for application in a variety of industrial sectors. Because of its unique technological advantages, 3D printing can definitely benefit the field of microrobotics and advance the design and development of functional microrobots in a customized manner. This review aims to present a generic overview of 3D printing for functional microrobots. The most applicable 3D printing techniques, with a focus on laser-based printing, are introduced for the 3D microfabrication of microrobots. 3D-printable materials for fabricating microrobots are reviewed in detail, including photopolymers, photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, and cell-laden hydrogels. The representative applications of 3D-printed microrobots with rational designs heretofore give evidence of how these printed microrobots are being exploited in the medical, environmental, and other relevant fields. A future outlook on the 3D printing of microrobots is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic. and Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-61600, Czech Republic and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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11
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Romano A, Sangermano M, Rossegger E, Mühlbacher I, Griesser T, Giebler M, Palmara G, Frascella F, Roppolo I, Schlögl S. Hybrid silica micro-particles with light-responsive surface properties and Janus-like character. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work highlights the synthesis and post-modification of silica-based micro-particles containing photo-responsive polymer brushes with photolabile o-nitrobenzyl ester (o-NBE) chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Romano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - M. Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - E. Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - I. Mühlbacher
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - T. Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - M. Giebler
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - G. Palmara
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - F. Frascella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - I. Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - S. Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
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12
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Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Jung K, Boyer C. Gesteuerte Reaktionsorthogonalität in der Polymer‐ und Materialwissenschaft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa 16310 Turkey
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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13
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Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Jung K, Boyer C. Mediating Reaction Orthogonality in Polymer and Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1748-1781. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa 16310 Turkey
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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14
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Van De Walle M, De Bruycker K, Blinco JP, Barner‐Kowollik C. Two Colour Photoflow Chemistry for Macromolecular Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14143-14147. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van De Walle
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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15
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Van De Walle M, De Bruycker K, Blinco JP, Barner‐Kowollik C. Zweifarbiges Licht in der Durchflusssynthese für makromolekulares Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van De Walle
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - James P. Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
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16
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Xu Y, Noirbent G, Brunel D, Liu F, Gigmes D, Sun K, Zhang Y, Liu S, Morlet-Savary F, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Ketone derivatives as photoinitiators for both radical and cationic photopolymerizations under visible LED and application in 3D printing. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Tuten BT, Wiedbrauk S, Barner-Kowollik C. Contemporary catalyst-free photochemistry in synthetic macromolecular science. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Cosola A, Conti R, Rana VK, Sangermano M, Chiappone A, Levalois-Grützmacher J, Grützmacher H. Synthesis of γ-cyclodextrin substituted bis(acyl)phosphane oxide derivative (BAPO-γ-CyD) serving as multiple photoinitiator and crosslinking agent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4828-4831. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin with up to 10 bis(acyl)phosphanoxide functions serves as an initiator for highly cross-linked swellable hydrogels from mono-acrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Vijay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry
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19
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Schmallegger M, Eibel A, Menzel JP, Kelterer AM, Zalibera M, Barner-Kowollik C, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Unprecedented Bifunctional Chemistry of Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides in Aqueous and Alcoholic Media. Chemistry 2019; 25:8982-8986. [PMID: 31070829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made photoinitiators play an important role for efficient radical polymerisations in aqueous media, especially in hydrogel manufacturing. Bis(acyl)phosphane oxides (BAPOs) are among the most active initiators. Herein, we show that they display a remarkable photochemistry in aqueous and alcoholic media: Photolysis of BAPOs in the presence of water or alcohols provides a new delocalized π-radical, which does not participate in the polymerization. It either converts into a monoacylphosphane oxide acting as a secondary photoactive species or it works as a one-electron reducing agent. Upon the electron-transfer process, it again produces a dormant photoinitiator. We have established the structure and the chemistry of this π radical using steady-state and time-resolved (CIDEP) EPR together with ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Our results show that bis(acyl)phosphane oxides act as bifunctional reagents when applied in aqueous and alcoholic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan P Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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20
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Murima D, Pasch H. Comprehensive branching analysis of star-shaped polystyrenes using a liquid chromatography–based approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5063-5078. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Menzel JP, Feist F, Tuten B, Weil T, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Light-Controlled Orthogonal Covalent Bond Formation at Two Different Wavelengths. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7470-7474. [PMID: 30916368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report light-induced reactions in a two-chromophore system capable of sequence-independent λ-orthogonal reactivity relying solely on the choice of wavelength and solvent. In a solution of water and acetonitrile, LED irradiation at λmax =285 nm leads to full conversion of 2,5-diphenyltetrazoles with N-ethylmaleimide to the pyrazoline ligation products. Simultaneously present o-methylbenzaldehyde thioethers are retained. Conversely, LED irradiation at λmax =382 nm is used to induce ligation of the o-methylbenzaldehydes in acetonitrile with N-ethylmaleimide via o-quinodimethanes, while 2,5-diphenyltetrazoles also present are retained. This unprecedented photochemical selectivity is achieved through control of the number and wavelength of incident photons as well as favorable optical properties and quantum yields of the reactants in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Florian Feist
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bryan Tuten
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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22
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Menzel JP, Feist F, Tuten B, Weil T, Blinco JP, Barner‐Kowollik C. Lichtinduzierte orthogonale Bildung kovalenter Bindungen durch zwei Wellenlängen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Florian Feist
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bryan Tuten
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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23
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Scotti A, Bochenek S, Brugnoni M, Fernandez-Rodriguez MA, Schulte MF, Houston JE, Gelissen APH, Potemkin II, Isa L, Richtering W. Exploring the colloid-to-polymer transition for ultra-low crosslinked microgels from three to two dimensions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1418. [PMID: 30926786 PMCID: PMC6441029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgels are solvent-swollen nano- and microparticles that show prevalent colloidal-like behavior despite their polymeric nature. Here we study ultra-low crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels (ULC), which can behave like colloids or flexible polymers depending on dimensionality, compression or other external stimuli. Small-angle neutron scattering shows that the structure of the ULC microgels in bulk aqueous solution is characterized by a density profile that decays smoothly from the center to a fuzzy surface. Their phase behavior and rheological properties are those of soft colloids. However, when these microgels are confined at an oil-water interface, their behavior resembles that of flexible macromolecules. Once monolayers of ultra-low crosslinked microgels are compressed, deposited on solid substrate and studied with atomic-force microscopy, a concentration-dependent topography is observed. Depending on the compression, these microgels can behave as flexible polymers, covering the substrate with a uniform film, or as colloidal microgels leading to a monolayer of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scotti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
| | - S Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Brugnoni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - M A Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M F Schulte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - J E Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748, Garching, Germany
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176,, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A P H Gelissen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - I I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, 52056, Germany
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
| | - L Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
- JARA-SOFT, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
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24
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Zhang S, Liu W, Dong Y, Wei T, Wu Z, Chen H. Design, Synthesis, and Application of a Difunctional Y-Shaped Surface-Tethered Photoinitiator. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3470-3478. [PMID: 30727730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mixed homopolymer brushes have unique interfacial properties that can be exploited for both fundamental studies and applications in technology. Herein, the synthesis of a new catechol-based biomimetic Y-shaped binary photoinitiator (Y-photoinitiator) and its applications for surface modification with polymer brushes through both "grafting to" and "grafting from" strategies are reported. The "leg" of the Y consists of a catechol group as surface anchoring moiety. The arms are photoinitiator moieties that can be "addressed" independent of each other by radiation of different wavelengths. Using ultraviolet and visible light successively, each arm of the Y-photoinitiator was activated, thereby allowing the synthesis of Y-shaped block copolymer brushes with dissimilar polymer chains. The suitability of the Y-photoinitiator for surface modification was first investigated using N-vinylpyrrolidone and styrene as the model monomers for successive UV-photoiniferter-mediated polymerization and visible-light-induced polymerization, respectively. Switching of the wetting properties of the Y-shaped block copolymer brush poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone)- block-poly(styrene) (PVP- b-PS)-grafted surfaces by contact with different solvents was also investigated. To further exploit this novel Y-photoinitiator for the preparation of functional interfaces, Y-shaped block copolymer brushes poly(1-(2-methacryloyloxyhexyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide)- block-poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone- co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PIL(Br)- b-P(NVP- co-GMA)) were also prepared and subsequently functionalized with the cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides by reaction with the glycidyl groups (PILPNG-RGD). The PILPNG-RGD grafted surfaces showed excellent cell-adhesive, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal properties. Thus, it can be concluded that further exploitation of this novel Y-photoinitiator for graft polymerization should allow the preparation of a wide range of functional interfaces with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Wenying Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yishi Dong
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Wei
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Wu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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25
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Wang J, Stanic S, Altun AA, Schwentenwein M, Dietliker K, Jin L, Stampfl J, Baudis S, Liska R, Grützmacher H. A highly efficient waterborne photoinitiator for visible-light-induced three-dimensional printing of hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:920-923. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient waterborne bis(acyl)phosphane oxide photoinitiator (PEG-BAPO) was conveniently synthesized for 3D printing of hydrogels under blue light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Sascha Stanic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | | | - Kurt Dietliker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
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26
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Lauer A, Steinkoenig J, Jöckle P, Kelterer AM, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. Installing lactone chain termini during photoinduced polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We exploit the Thorpe–Ingold effect as a spontaneous end group transformation method during photo-induced polymerization of methacrylates using the functional (2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropio-phenone) species as radical photoinitiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauer
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000, Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000, Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Philipp Jöckle
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000, Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Andreas N. Unterreiner
- Molekulare Physikalische Chemie
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000, Brisbane
- Australia
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